Superfund Sites Work for Communities How Superfund Redevelopment in EPA Region 4 Is Making a Difference in Communities


vvEPA

November 2015

Superfund Sites Work
for Communities:

How Superfund	Redevelopment RegionJJ,^

Making	a Difference	in Commu100000074

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Preface
Introduction

Support for Superfund Reuse
Superfund Reuse: The Big Picture
Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 4
Reuse in Action
State Reuse Profiles
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Reuse on the Horizon in Region 4
Conclusion
Sources

Cover page photos, clockwise from top left: Northwest 58th Street Landfill site (Florida), Cabot/Koppers site
(Florida), Interstate Lead Co. (ILCO) site (Alabama), Hercules 009 Landfill site (Georgia)

EPA Region 4

1

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Preface

Every day, EPA's Superfundprogram makes a visible difference in communities
nationwide. The revitalization of communities affected by contaminated lands is a key
part of Superfund's mission, delivering significant benefits one community at a time,
all across the country. Through EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Initiative, the Agency
contributes to the economic vitality of these communities by supporting the return of sites
to productive use. These regional profiles highlight these community-led efforts in action,
as EPA launches a new era of partnerships and works toward a sustainable future.

2

EPA Region 4

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Introduction

EPA Region 4 serves the southeastern United States - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina and Tennessee - one of the most populous and fastest growing EPA regions in the country. Today, building on
a range of innovative initiatives, state and local leaders are fostering economic growth, emphasizing workforce development
and revitalizing contaminated lands, including Superfund sites. The Superfund program in EPA Region 4 is proud to play a
role in these efforts, strengthening healthy communities and advancing environmental protection.

The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites can often restore value to site properties and surrounding communities that have
been negatively affected by contamination. Site reuse can revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses, tax revenues
and local spending. Reuse of Superfund sites can yield other important social and environmental benefits for communities
as well. Through programs like the Superfund Redevelopment Initiative (SRI), EPA Region 4 helps communities reclaim
cleaned up Superfund sites. Factoring in future use of
Superfund sites as part of the cleanup process helps pave
the way for their safe reuse. In addition, EPA Region 4
works closely with state agencies and local officials to
remove barriers that have kept many Superfund sites
vacant and underused for decades. EPA Region 4 also
works to ensure that businesses on properties cleaned
up under the Superfund program can continue operating
safely during site investigations and cleanup. This
enables these businesses to remain as a source of jobs for
communities.

Superfund sites across Region 4 are now the location
of industrial and commercial parks, retail centers,
government offices and residential areas. Many sites
continue to host industrial operations, including large-
scale manufacturing facilities. Others are home to
preserves, parks and recreation complexes. On-site
businesses and organizations on current and former
Region 4 Superfund sites provide over 11,500 jobs and
contribute an estimated $627 million in annual employment income for residents across the Southeast. Restored on-site
properties in Region 4 generate about $6 million in annual property tax revenues for local governments.

This profile looks at how reuse activities at Superfund sites make a difference in communities in Region 4. In particular, it
describes some of the beneficial effects of reuse and continued use of current and former Superfund sites. The profile also
describes the land values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned to use following cleanup and sites
that have remained in use throughout the cleanup process. EPA updates these profiles approximately every two years. The
reported beneficial effects may increase or decrease from previous profiles due to changes in the number of sites in reuse
or continued use, changes in the number of on-site businesses, changes in data availability, and changes in individual-level
business or property' value data. Figures presented represent only a subset of all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use
in Region 4.

1 Business and property value tax figures represent only a subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region
4. There are 52 Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4 for which EPA does not have business data, including 18 NPL
federal facilities. Not all sites in reuse involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people on the site. Several sites
without businesses have beneficial effects that are not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits
(parks, wetlands, ecological habitat, open space, etc.). There are 75 sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4 for which EPA does not
have property value or tax data, including 18 NPL federal facilities.

EPA Region 4

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Support for Superfund Reuse

EPA Region 4 remains committed to making a difference in communities through the cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites.
In addition to protecting human health and the environment through the Superfund program, EPA Region 4 partners with
stakeholders to encourage reuse opportunities at Superfund sites. EPA Region 4 helps communities and cleanup managers
consider reuse during cleanup planning and evaluate remedies already in place to ensure appropriate reuse at cleanup
sites. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages opportunities to support Superfund
redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic sustainability.

Specific reuse support efforts in EPA Region 4 include:

Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities to align these priorities with site cleanup plans through the reuse
planning process.

Facilitating cleanup and reuse discussions to help resolve key issues between parties interested in site redevelopment.

Supporting targeted projects intended to help Region 4 communities and EPA find the right tools to move reuse forward
at sites.

Making efforts to help address communities" and developers" liability, safety and reuse concerns related to Superfund
site reuse through development of educational materials, comfort letters, developer agreements and environmental
status reports that provide information about the appropriate use of sites. These reports, which provide information
about the appropriate use of sites, are known as Ready for Reuse (RfR) Determinations.

Supporting partnerships with groups committed to putting Superfund sites back into use such as the Academy of Model
Aeronautics.

Developing reuse fact sheets, videos, websites, reuse case studies and Return to Use Demonstration Project summaries
to share opportunities and lessons associated with Superfund redevelopment.

All of these efforts have helped build
expertise across Region 4, making it easier
to consider future use of Superfund sites
prior to cleanup and easier to identify
opportunities for removing reuse barriers.

These efforts also help other communities,
state agencies, potentially responsible
parties and developers better understand
potential future uses for Superfund sites.

This helps stakeholders engage early in
the cleanup process in efforts to transform
Superfund sites into assets for communities.

Most importantly, these efforts lead to
significant returns for communities,
including jobs, annual income and tax
revenues.

Figure 3: EPA works with communities such as Picayune,
Mississippi, to evaluate sites' reuse potential.

EPA Region 4

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Superfund Reuse: The Big Picture

EPA takes immediate action at contaminated sites when warranted through short-term cleanup actions, also called removal
actions. After these immediate actions, EPA refers sites warranting long term cleanup to EPA's remedial program or state
programs for cleanup. EPA has 239 sites in Region 4 on the National Priorities List (NPL). The NPL is a list of the most
serious sites EPA targets for further investigation and possible remediation through the Superfund program. Once EPA
places a site on the NPL, the Agency studies the type and amount of contamination at the site, identifies technologies that
could address the contamination, and evaluates the alternative cleanup approaches. EPA next proposes a cleanup plan. After
collecting public input, the Agency issues a final cleanup plan. EPA then cleans up the site or oversees the cleanup activities.2
The Agency oversees investigation and cleanup at an additional 20 Superfund Alternative Approach sites in the region.
Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate reuse priorities into site cleanup plans.

Frankfort

Kentucky

¦ Nashville

if} Raleigh
Charlotte North

' o Carolina

Memphis

^JfColumbia

South
^Carolina $

Charlestonft'

Mississippi

Atlanta

BirminghamO

Alabama

^Jackson

Montgomery

Mobile)

Jacksonville*

Tampa

Florida

Legend

Sites in Reuse

Sites in Continued Use

Sites in Reuse and in
Continued Use

State Capitals

Figure 4: Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Region 4

5 Removal actions may be taken at sites on the NPL and sites not on the NPL.

EPA Region 4

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In EPA Region 4, 122 NPL sites3 and 15 non-NPL Superfund sites
have either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place
since before cleanup. Many of these sites have been redeveloped
for commercial, industrial and public service purposes. Others
have been redeveloped for residential, recreational, ecological or
agricultural uses. Businesses and other organizations also use all or
parts of other sites for storage and vehicle parking. The following
sections take a closer look at the impacts of businesses located
at current and former Superfund sites, as well as the land values
and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned to use
following cleanup.

3 Two of the non-NPL Superfund sites are proposed NPL sites. EPA proposed one site for the NPL in 1995 and one site in 2000. EPA
provides oversight of the sites' cleanups.

EPA Region 4

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Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Reuse in Region 4

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for over 400 businesses, government
agencies and civic organizations operating on 77 NPL and 8 non-NPL
Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Region 4.4 See the State Reuse
Profiles (pp. 12-19) for each Region 4 state's reuse details. Businesses
and organizations located on these sites fall within a number of different
sectors, including manufacturing, wholesale trade and retail trade.

Businesses and organizations located on current and former Region 4
Supedund sites may be stand-alone or branch operations. Some sites serve
as the headquarters or main offices for different companies. For example,
the Harris Corp. (Palm Bay Plant) site is in continued use as one ofthe main
national offices for Intersil, a multi-national semiconductor company. The
businesses and organizations differ considerably in size. Some employ
only a few people. Others employ more than 100 workers.

The businesses and organizations located on these sites employ an
estimated 11,536 people, contributing an estimated $627 million in annual
employment income with about $1 billion in estimated annual sales.

Employee income earned helps inject money into local economies. It also
helps generate state revenue through personal state income taxes. In addition
to helping local communities by providing employment opportunities,
these businesses help local economies through direct purchases of local
supplies and services. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and
services also generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes,
which support state and local governments. In addition, most businesses operating on sites in Region 4 generate tax revenues
through payment of state corporate income or related taxes. Table 1 provides more detailed information.5

Table 1. Site and business information for Region 4 sites in reuse and continued use (2014)

Sites

Sites wi th
Businesses"

Businessesb

Total Annual
Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

116

$212 million

2,861

$122 million

hi Continued Use

240

$661 million

7,277

$425 million

In Continued

Use and In

$167 million

1,398

$80 million

Reuse

Total

137

85d

438

$1 billion

11,536

$627 million

4 Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations and civic institutions.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c For information on the collection of businesses, jobs and sales data, see the "Sources" section of this profile.

a Business figures represent only a subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4. There are 52 additional Superfund
sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4 for which EPA does not have business data, including 18 NPL federal facilities. Not all sites in reuse
involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people on the site. Several sites without businesses have beneficial effects that are
not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits (parks, wetlands, ecological habitat, open space, etc.).

4Business figures represent only of subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4. There are 52 additional
Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4 for which EPA does not have business data, including 18 NPL federal facilities.
Not all sites in reuse involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people on the site. Several sites without businesses
have beneficial effects that are not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits (parks, wetlands,
ecological habitat, open space, etc.).

5For additional information on the collection of businesses, jobs and sales data, see the "Sources" section of this report.

Figure 6: Harris Corp. (Palm Bay Plant) site

(Florida)

Region 4 Sites in Reuse
and Continued Use:
Business and Job
Highlights

Businesses

438

Estimated Annual Sales

$1 billion
Number of People Employed

11,536

Total Annual Employee Income

$627 million

EPA Region 4

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Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and returned to use may increase in value. This increased value can
boost property tax revenues, which help pay for local government operations, public schools, transit systems and other
public services. At the Macalloy Corporation site in South Carolina, two properties increased in value after redevelopment.
Boasso America Corporation's redevelopment increased the value of its parcel from $1.9 million in 2008 to $3.1 milli on in
2011. QualaWash Holding LLC's reuse efforts increased the value of its property from $640,000 to $1.3 million over the
same period.

Identifying increases in property values and property taxes
following cleanup and reuse is challenging due to insufficient
data on historical property values and the difference in timing
of events at sites and frequency and timing of property value
assessments by local agencies. Likewise, many factors
affect property values, including external economic and
neighborhood factors not related to a site's contamination or
Superfund site status. It is also difficult to isolate the effects
of Superfund cleanup and reuse using current property
values. However, these values do provide insight into the
current value of Superfund properties. They also highlight
the potential loss in economic value if the properties were not
cleaned up and made available for reuse or continued use.

Region 4 Sites in Reuse:
Property Value and Tax
Highlights

Total Property Value

$465 million

Total Annual Property Taxes
$6 million

EPA has collected property value data for 62 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Region 4.6 These sites span 378
property parcels and over 9,000 acres. They have a total property value of $465 million. Fifty-nine of the 62 sites have
both land and improvement property value details; these site properties have a total land value of $235 million and total
improvement value of $171 million. Sixty of the 62 sites have property tax details.7 Properties on the 60 sites generate a
combined $6 million in property taxes8

Table 2. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Region 4a

Total Land Value
(59 sites)b

Total Improvement
Value (59 sites)

Total Property Value
(62 sites)

Total Annual Property
Taxes (60 sites)

$235 million

$171 million

$465 million

$6 million

4 Results are based on an EPA SRI effort undertaken in 2015 to calculate the on-site property value and property taxes for a subset of Superfund
sites. Ehe property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available In county assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015. For additional information, see the "Sources" section of this profile.
b Detailed (land and improvement) property value data as well as tax data were not available for every site.

6There are 75 sites in reuse or continued use in Region 4 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including 18 NPL federal
facilities.

7Property values consist of land value and the value of any improvements (buildings and infrastructure) on a property. When sites are
reused, some or all of these improvements may be new or already be in place. In some cases, the breakdown showing both the land value
and improvement value is not always available; instead, only the total property value may be available.

8Property tax data were not available for two of the 62 Superfund sites with property value data.

EPA Region 4

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Sites in Reuse and Continued Use: A Closer Look

In Reuse: There is a new land use or uses on all or part of a site; either the land use has changed (e.g.,

from industrial use to commercial use) or the site is now in use after being vacant.

In Continued Use: Historical uses at a site remain active; these uses were in place when the Superfund

process started at the site.

In Reuse and Continued Use: Part of a site is in continued use and part of the site is in reuse.

Region 4 Site Examples

• In Reuse: Benfield Industries, Inc. - a former chemical mixing and packaging facility is now a
vocational school.

• In Continued Use: Airco Plating Company - a metals plating facility has been active on site since the
1950s.

• In Reuse and Continued Use: Calhoun Park Area - new uses at the site since cleanup include
an aquarium, commercial buildings, a tourist education center, and ferry terminal; an electrical
substation has also continued to operate on the site since the late 1970s.

Recreational and Ecological Benefits

In addition to serving as locations for
commercial offices, retail centers and
manufacturing facilities, some Region
4 sites in reuse provide recreational
and ecological benefits. At the Camilla
Wood Preserving Company site in
Georgia and the Former Spellman
Engineering site in Florida, for instance,
redevelopment includes sports fields
and other recreation facilities for
nearby communities. Sites in ecological
reuse include the Northwest 58th
Street Landfill site in Florida, which
hosts restored wetlands. The Triana/
Tennessee River site in Alabama is
now part of the Wheeler National
Wildlife Refuge. These recreational
and ecological reuses help attract
visitors and residents, and indirectly
contribute to local economies.

Figure 8: The Triana/Tennessee River site is part of the Wheeler National
Wildlife Refuge (Alabama)

EPA Region 4

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Reuse in Action

Benfield Industries - New Facilities for a Social Enterprise Manufacturing Business

The Benfield Industries, Inc. site is located in Waynesville,
a small town in western North Carolina. A furniture- and
mattress-manufacturing facility operated on site from 1904
until the mid-1970s. A bulk chemical mixing and packaging
plant operated there as well from 1976 until a fire destroyed
the facility in 1982. High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and groundwater led EPA to
add the site to the NPL in 1989. Soil treatment is complete.

Groundwater monitoring is ongoing.

Haywood Vocational Opportunities, Inc. (HYO), the nation's
largest manufacturer of custom medical drapes, was interested
in expanding its facilities. HVO is a nonprofit social enterprise
business in Waynesville that provides vocational training and employment opportunities to adults with disabilities. After
EPA worked with HVO to address the company's safety and liability concerns, HVO acquired the vacant 6-acre site property
at auction in 2002. HVO completed redevelopment in 2004 and expanded its facilities in 2008 and 2010, with 4 acres for
buildings and parking lots and the remaining 2 acres set aside as green space. HVO generates an estimated $31 million in
annual sales, and contributes an estimated $7.9 million in annual employee income. HVO acquired the site property for
$250,000. In 2015, its assessed value was $3.4 million. EPA Region 4 honored HVO with its Excellence in Site Reuse
Award in 2013 for going above and beyond to reuse the property and support its operations as the fifth largest employer in
Haywood County.

Solitron Microwave - Port Salerno Industrial Park

The 20-acre Solitron Microwave site is located
in an industrial area of Port Salerno, Florida.

Manufacturing companies operated metal plating
and microwave production businesses on site
from 1963 to 1987. Following investigations by
the Martin County Health Department, EPA added
the site to the NPL in 1998 and selected a cleanup
plan in 2000. The plan combined soil excavation
with monitored natural attenuation and annual
groundwater monitoring.

After recognizing the site's ideal location near a major highway corridor, interested parties formed Port Salerno
Industrial Park, LLC (PSIP). After working with EPA to determine that redevelopment would not interfere with
remediation, PSIP purchased the property in 2003, demolished the former manufacturing facility, and built 150,000
square feet of warehouse, office and industrial space. Currently, a printing company, a lumber wholesaler, a building
supplies business and a self-storage facility operate on site, generating about $15 million in estimated annual
sales, employing nearly 100 people and contributing about $4.4 million in estimated annual employment income.

PSIP continues selling available portions of the site to businesses interested in developing new office and retail space.
Additionally, 6 acres of the site - wetlands, a nature preserve and a retention pond - are preserved as ecological green
space. In 2014, the property's total market value was $5 million; it contributes $92,000 in annual property taxes. EPA
Region 4 honored PSIP with its Excellence in Site Reuse Award in 2008 for successful redevelopment that turned a vacant
manufacturing site into a burgeoning business park.

10 EPA Region 4

Figure 9: Benfield Industries, Inc. site
(North Carolina)

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Calhoun Park Area - South Carolina Aquarium

In Charleston, South Carolina, cleanup and redevelopment of the 18-acre Calhoun Park Area site is strengthening
regional tourism and bolstering Charleston's economy. The site had been a major industrial area for wood treating and gas
manufacturing operations since the early 1800s. The U.S. Navy also built small boats at the site during World Wars I and II.
In 1991, E PA and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) identified contaminated
soil, sediment and groundwater on site.

EPA and SCDHEC worked with responsible parties to develop cleanup approaches that would not disrupt existing businesses,
allowing the City of Charleston and other interested developers to consider reuse options throughout the cleanup process.
The South Carolina Aquarium expressed interest in building a new, state-of-the-art aquarium and coordinated with EPA to
ensure construction would not disrupt cleanup activities. The 69,000-square-foot aquarium opened in 2000; it attracts over
a million visitors each year.

Boat and ferry service companies on site provide access to historic Fort
Sumter and the vibrant ecology of the Charleston Peninsula. In 2012, EPA
Region 4 selected the site for its Excellence in Site Reuse Award, recognizing
these innovative reuses that help sustain the region's economy and provide
much-needed community amenities. In 2014, businesses at the Calhoun Park
Area site provided over 200 jobs, generated an estimated $21 million in sales
and contributed an estimated $13 million in annual employment income. The
total market value of the parcels is $42 million. They generate about $500,000
in annual property taxes.

li Ml-Tex iron and Trans Circuits, Inc. - High-Tech Manufacturing Facilities

Parts manufacturing for electronic circuit boards left the BMI-
Textron and Trans Circuits, Inc. sites in southeast Florida
contaminated, underused and in need of restoration. EPA placed
both sites on the NPL for cleanup. To make cleanup and reuse
happen, EPA and the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection (FDEP) worked with site owners, a potentially
responsible party and interested businesses. Project priorities
included making sure site businesses could remain open during
cleanup, designing remedies compatible with ongoing and
potential future site uses, and addressing liability concerns. The
remedies included soil removals, groundwater treatment and
institutional controls to guide redevelopment and groundwater
use, allowing many businesses in the industrial park to remain open

throughout the cleanup process. Florida Aero Precision, Inc., an aerospace parts manufacturer, first purchased the BMI-
Textron site tor production facilities. It then expanded its operations at the Trans Circuits, Inc. site, purchasing the property
in 2011. Several other businesses are located in Tri-City Industrial Park. Businesses located on site employ over 90 people,
contribute an estimated $7 million in employee income and generate an estimated $12 million in business sales. The total
property value of the two sites is estimated at $2.8 million. Together, they generate over $91,000 in annual property taxes.

T-Jpdlj

4§1 MKi

Figure 11: Calhoun Park Area site
(South Carolina)

Figure 12: Forida Areo Precision operates on the
BMI-Textron and Trans Circuits, Inc. sites (Florida)

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: Alabama

EPA partners with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Alabama. Alabama has 10 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place since
before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 18 businesses operating on seven sites in reuse and continued use in
Alabama. The businesses employ 559 people and contribute an estimated $47 million in annual employment income.

Table 3. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Alabama (2014)

Sites"

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

In Continued ^ ^ 15 $82 million 526 $45 million

Use

In Continued
Use and In
Reuse

$270,000

$2 million13

Total 10 7 18 $82 million 559 $47 million

Nate: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a Three sites are federal facilities. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales, employees,
or income.

b While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This difference could
be attributed to a number of business conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every
organization that makes jobs data available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Alabama. These sites span 48
property parcels and 3,610 acres. They have a total property value of $50 million. All three sites have property value details.
Together, the site properties have a total land value of $45 million and a total improvement value of $5 million. All three
sites have property tax details. The site properties generate a combined $304,000 in property taxes.

Table 4. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Alabama3

Total Land Value
(3 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(3 sites)

Total Property Value
(3 sites)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(3 sites)

$45 million

$5 million

$50 million

$304,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015.

Did You Know?

Figure 13: Chemical Plan^

BASF Corporation, a multi-national chemical
company, operates a facility on the Ciba-Geigy
Corp. (Mcintosh Plant) site in southwest Alabama.
The facility generates an estimated $2 million in
annual employment income.

||
*

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: Florida

EPA partners with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Florida. Florida has 58 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place since before cleanup.
EPA has collected economic data for 214 businesses and organizations operating on 40 sites in reuse and continued use
in Florida. The businesses and organizations employ 4,495 people and contribute an estimated $246 million in annual
employment income.

Table 5. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Florida (2014)

Sites3

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$106 million

2,056

$91 million

In Continued
Use

113

$164 million

2,224

$143 million

In Continued
Use and In
Reuse

$36 million

215

$12 million

Total

214

$306 million

4,495

$246 million

Mote: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a Six sites are federal facilities.Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales, employees,
or income.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for 40 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Florida. These sites span 168
property parcels and 2,853 acres. They have a total property value of $224 million. Thirty-seven of the 40 sites have
property value details. Together, the 37 site properties have atotal land value of $109 million and atotal improvement value
of $55 million. All 40 sites have property tax details. The site properties generate a combined $3.4 million in property taxes.

Total Land Value
(37 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(37 sites)

Total Property Value
(40 sites)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(40 sites)

$109 million

$55 million

$224 million

$3 .4 million

The Davie Landfill site in southeast
Florida is now home to Broward County
Vista View Park. Its assessed value Is
over $32 million.

Did You Know?

Table 6. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Florida"

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied from
2013 to 2015."

Figure 14: Davie Landfill Site (Florida)

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: Georgia

EPA partners with the Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources to oversee the
investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in Georgia. Georgia has 13 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 41 businesses and organizations operating
on nine sites in reuse and continued use in Georgia. The businesses and organizations employ 938 people and contribute an
estimated $36 million in annual employment income.

Table 7. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Georgia (2014)

Sites"

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$1 million

$400,000

In Continued
Use

$112 million

895

$35 million

In Continued

Use and In

$1 million

Reuse

Total 13 9 41 $113 million 938 $36 million

Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a One site is a federal facility. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales, employees,
or income.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Georgia. These sites
span five property parcels and 352 acres. They have a total property value of $8.8 million. All three sites have property
value details. Together, the site properties have a total land value of $1.7 million and a total improvement value of $7.1
million. Two of the three sites have property tax details. The site properties generate a combined $8,000 in property taxes.

Table 8. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Georgia"

Total Land Value
(3 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(3 sites)

Total Property Value
(3 sites)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(2 sites)

$1.7 million

$7.1 million

$8.8 million

$8,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in comity assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015.

Did You Know?

The Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc. site
in Fort Valley, Georgia, is now home to
a library, playground, office space and
welcome center. The City of Fort Valley
also hosts several festivals at the site.

Figure 15: The Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc. Site (Georgia)

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: Kentucky

EPA partners with the Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Kentucky. Kentucky has seven Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in
place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for five businesses operating on two sites in continued use
in Kentucky. The businesses employ 1,178 people and contribute an estimated $80 million in annual employment income.

Table 9. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Kentucky (2014)

Sites3

Site with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

In Continued
Use

$133 million

1,178

$80 million

In Continued

Use and In

Reuse

Total 7 2 5 $133 million 1,178 $80 million

Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a One site is a federal facility. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales, employees,
or income.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

Property value and tax data were not available for sites in reuse in Kentucky.

Did You Know?

Westlake Vinyls, a company that makes chemicals
and plastics, operates a PVC resin manufacturing
facility on the B,F. Goodrich site in Calvert City,
Kentucky. The company contributes an estimated
$33 million in annual employment income.

Figure 16: Plastic pellets

EPA Region 4 15

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State Reuse Profile: Mississippi

EPA partners with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Mississippi. Mississippi has three Superfund sites with eidier new uses in place or uses remaining in
place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for five businesses and organizations operating on two sites
in reuse and continued use in Mississippi. The businesses and organizations employ 23 people and contribute an estimated
$700,000 in annual employment income.

Table 10. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Mississippi
(2014)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual

Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

In Continued
Use

In Continued

Use and In

$3.7 million

$700,000

Reuse

Total 3 2 5 $3.7 million 23 $700,000

Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for one Superfund site in reuse and continued use in Mississippi. This site spans five
property parcels and 50 acres. They have a total value of $1.4 million. Together, the site properties have a total land value of
$350,000 and a total improvement value of $1 million. The site properties generate a combined $25,000 in property taxes.

Table 11. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Mississippi"

Total Land Value
(1 site)

Total Improvement Value
(1 site)

Total Property Value
(1 site)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(1 site)

$350,000

$1 million

$1.4 million

$25,000

* The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015.

Did You Know?

The Davis Timber Company site in southern
Mississippi is now home to the Hub City Humane
Society animal shelter.

Figure 17: Davis Timber Company Site

(Mississippi)

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: North Carolina

EPA partners with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in North Carolina. North Carolina has 17 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place since before
cleanup. EPA lias collected economic data for 32 businesses and oiganizations operating on nine sites in reuse and continued use in North
Carolina. The businesses and oiganizations employ 1,523 people and contribute an estimated $79 million in annual employment income.

Table 12. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in North Carolina
(2014)

Sites"

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$77 million

701

$27 million

In Continued

Use

$4 million

122

$8 millionb

In Continued

Use and In

$50 million

700

$44 million

Reuse

Total 17 9 32 $131 million 1,523 $79 million

Note: Business iulbmiution is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a Two sites are federal facilities. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales, employees, or income.
b While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This difference could be attributed to a
number ofbusiness conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA lias collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in North Carolina. These sites span 109 property
parcels and 1,656 acres. They have atotal property value of $72 million. All eight sites have property value details. Together, the site properties
have atotal land value of $28 million and a total improvement value of $44 million. Seven ofthe eight sites have property tax details. The site
properties generate a combined $641,000 in property taxes.

Table 13. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in North Carolina3

Total Land Value
(8 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(8 sites)

Total Property Value
(8 sites)

Total Annual Property
Taxes (7 sites)

$28 million

$44 million

$72 million

$641,000

" The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in comity assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015.

Did You know?

PowerBoss, a manufacturer of industrial cleaning
equipment, is located at the Aberdeen Pesticide Dumps
site. The company generates $16 million in annual sales.

Figure 18: Industrial equipment operator

EPA Region 4 17

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State Reuse Profile: South Carolina

EPA partners with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control to oversee the investigation and
cleanup of Superfund sites in South Carolina. South Carolina has 17 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 60 businesses and organizations operating on
11 sites in reuse and continued use in South Carolina. The businesses and organizations employ 629 people and contribute
an estimated $30 million in annual employment income.

Table 14. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in South Carolina
(2014)

Sites"

Sites with
Businesses

On-Site
Businesses
Identified

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$23 million

$2 million

In Continued
Use

$22 million

153

$7 million

In Continued

Use and In

$77 million

414

$21 million

Reuse

Total 17 11 60 $122 million 629 $30 million

Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a Two sites are federal facilities. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales,
employees, or income.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for six Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in South Carolina. These sites span
41 property parcels and 397 acres. They have a total property value of $82 million. All six sites have property value details.
Together, the site properties have a total land value of $47 million and a total improvement value of $35 million. All six sites
have property tax details. The site properties generate a combined $1.3 million in property taxes.

Table 15. Detailed property tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in South Carolina3

Total Land Value
(6 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(6 sites)

Total Property Value
(6 sites)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(6 sites)

$47 million

$35 million

$82 million

$1.3 million

" The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied
from 2013 to 2015.

Did You Know?

Figure 19: Townsend Saw Chain Co. Site

(South Carolina)

AMBAC International Corporation, a company
specializing in gasoline engine and engine parts
manufacturing, generates over $50 million in
annual sales at its location at the Townsend Saw
Chain Co. site in Elgin, South Carolina.

EPA Region 4

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State Reuse Profile: Tennessee

EPA partners with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation to oversee the investigation and cleanup
of Superfund sites in Tennessee. Tennessee has 12 Superfimd sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place
since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 63 businesses and organizations operating on five sites in reuse
and continued use in Tennessee. The businesses and organizations employ 2,191 people and contribute an estimated $107
million in annual cmplovment income.

Table 16. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Tennessee (2014)

Sites3

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual

Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$5 million

$469,000

In Continued

Use

$144 million

2,179

$107 million

In Continued
Use and In
Reuse

Total

$149 million

2,191

$107 million

Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

a Three sites are federal facilities. Data for federal facilities are not included in calculations of total sites with businesses, businesses, sales,
employees, or income.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for one Superfund site in continued use in Tennessee. This site spans two property
parcels and 106 acres. The site has a total property value of $27 million. Together, the site properties have a total land
value of $3.4 million and a total improvement value of $23.5 million. The site properties generate a combined $461,000 in
property taxes.

Table 17. Detailed property tax information for sites in continued use in Tennessee"

Total Land Value
(1 sites)

Total Improvement Value
(1 sites)

Total Property Value
(1 sites)

Total Annual Property Taxes
(1 sites)

$3.4 million

$23.5 million

$27 million

$461,000

aThe property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied from
2013 to 2015'.

Did You Know?

Figure 20: Air conditioner repairman

Numerous businesses operate at the National
Fireworks site in Cordova, Tennessee, including
several plumbing, heating and air conditioning
businesses, Together, on-site businesses generate
nearly $144 million in annual sales.

EPA Region 4

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Reuse on the Horizon in Region 4

Redeveloping a Former Chemical Facility into a Large-Scale
Eco-Inclustrial Park

The Martin-Marietta, Sodyeco, Inc. site is located near Charlotte, North Carolina. Former industrial operations included
a landfill, active from the 1930s to 1973, and the DyeStufF Company, a producer of liquid sulfur-based dyes since 1936.
Martin-Marietta purchased the site in 1958 and continued manufacturing dyes as well as industrial chemicals. Sodyeco, Inc.
purchased the site property in 1983. After discovering contaminated soil and groundwater that could threaten human health
and the nearby Catawba River, EPA added the site to the NPL in 1983.

Following excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated
soil, groundwater treatment and installation of a cap, EPA
deleted the site from the NPL in 2012 and deferred the
groundwater treatment to the state of North Carolina's
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
program.

Developers then began working with EPA and the State of
North Carolina to turn a 667-acre portion of the site into
Re Venture Park, the region's largest eco-industrial park.
Bringing together innovative businesses that will create
hundreds of new jobs, Forsite Development is converting
industrial building space into a business park focused on
energy efficiency, renewable energy and environmental
technology. The project is home to biomass combined
heat-and-power projects, an algae-to-fuel pilot plant, an
all-electric truck company, an energy efficiency training
firm, a plastics recycler and a 35-acre aquaculture project,
among others. In total, new investments on site exceed $14
million.

The site's cleanup and redevelopment are already benefiting
the local real estate market and proving to be an economic
asset. In 2014, a 329-acre portion of the site was valued
at over $8.2 million. The area also contributed $88,000
in property taxes. Long term, the site's revitalization will
highlight the benefits of Superfund site reuse for many
years to come. In 2014, EPA presented the Region 4
"Excellence in Site Reuse" award to Forsite Development
in recognition of the company's commitment to safely and
sustainably reusing the site.

Figure 21: Martin-Marietta/Sodyeco Site (North

Carolina)

' ,>

The successful reuse of the Martin-
Ma rietta/Sodyeco site is an example of EPA's
commitment to support beneficial reuse of
sites, using cleanup programs to ensure
protection of future users. The partnership
between government and the private sector,
and a vision to bring about positive change
for the community has resulted in the
accomplishment of a great milestone for the
site.

The path to redevelopment has been
established and it will lead to a productive
community asset. EPA will continue to
work with enterprising individuals and
organizations to bring new opportunities
to communities impacted by contaminated
sites."

- Franklin E. Hill, EPA Region 4 Superfund
Division Director

EPA Region 4

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Conclusion

EPA works closely with its partners at Superfund sites
across Region 4 to make sure that sites can be reused
safely and protectively following cleanup. EPA also
works with existing businesses and organizations at
Superfund sites throughout the cleanup process to
ensure they can remain open. The businesses and
organizations operating on these sites provide jobs
and income for communities. They help generate
local and state taxes. Cleanup and redevelopment
also helps stabilize and boost property values. Region
4 has 122 NPL sites and 15 non-NPL Superfund sites
where new uses are in place or continued uses are
ongoing. Future uses are planned for many more
Superfund sites in Region 4. EPA remains committed
to working with all stakeholders to support Superfund
redevelopment opportunities in Region 4.

Ongoing coordination among EPA, state agencies,
local governments, potentially responsible parties,
site owners, developers and nearby residents and

business owners is essential. EPA tools, including conversations through calls or meetings, reuse assessments or plans,
Ready for Reuse Determinations, comfort letters or partial deletions of sites from the NPL, often serve as the foundation
for moving forward. At some sites, parties may need to take additional actions to ensure that reuses are compatible with site
remedies.

\ _
t ' \ * ^

& I A 3

Figure 22: Lexington County Landfill Area site is being
used as a practice course for the University of South
Carolina's golf team (South Carolina)

Superfund sites in Region 4 are now home to commercial and industrial developments, mid-sized developments providing
services to surrounding communities, and diverse small businesses. EPA is committed to working with all stakeholders,
using both "tried-and-testcd" tools as well as new and innovative approaches, to support the restoration and renewal of these
sites as long-lasting assets for communities in the Southeast.

EPA Resources for Superfund Site Reuse

Superfund Sites in Reuse: find more information about Superfund sites in reuse.
www.epa.aov/suDerfund-redevelopment-initiative/find-sites-reuse

EPA Region 4 Superfund Redevelopment Initiative Coordinator
Bill Denman | 404-562-8939| denman.bill@epa.aov

SRI Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse.
www.epa.aov/superfund-redevelopment-initiative

EPA Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website: tools that address landowner liability
concerns. www.eDa.aov/enforcement/landowner-liabilitv-Drotections

EPA Region 4

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Sources

Business, Job and Sales Information

Information on the number of employees and sales volume for on-site businesses comes from the Hoovers/Dun & Bradstreet (D&B)
database. EPA also gathers information on businesses and corporations from D&B. D&B maintains a database of over 225 million
active and inactive businesses worldwide. Database data include public records, financials, private company insights, extensive global
information, telephone numbers and physical addresses. When Hoovers/D&B database research cannot identify employment and sales
volume for on-site businesses, EPA uses the Manta database. Both databases include data reported by businesses. Accordingly, some
reported values might be underestimates or overestimates. In some instances, business and employment information also comes from
local newspaper stories/articles and discussions with local officials and business representatives. While sales values typically exceed
estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This can be attributed to a number of business
conditions and/or data reporting. Data included in this profile are obtained directly from reputable sources, and reported as presented by
those sources.

EPA obtains wage and income information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). EPA uses the BLS Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages database to obtain average weekly wage data for the identified businesses. Average weekly wage data are
identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes corresponding with each type of business
with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses. If weekly wage data are not available at the county level, EPA uses wage data
by state or national level, respectively. In cases where wage data are not available for the six-digit NAICS code, EPA uses higher-level
(less-detailed) NAICS codes to obtain the wage data. To determine the annual wages (mean annual) earned from jobs generated by each
of the identified businesses, EPA multiplies the average weekly wage figure by the number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number
of jobs (employees) for each business.

Business and employment data used for this profile were collected in 2014 and 2015. Annual employment income is based on job data
estimated in 2014 using BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2013 (the latest available wage data at the time of this
profile). All figures presented have been rounded for the convenience of the reader. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations
of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.

Property Value and Tax Information

EPA collected on-site property values and property taxes included in this profile for a subset of Superfund sites by comparing available
site boundary information with available parcel boundary information and gathering information for selected parcels from county
assessor data sets. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor
data sets, which varied from 2013 to 2015. All figures presented have been rounded for the convenience of the reader.

Reuse in Action

Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this study are based on available EPA resources, including SRI case studies.
Links to EPA's SRI case studies are included below.

SRI Redevelopment Beneficial Effects Case Studies

Benfield Industries, Inc. site. 2012. Reuse and the Benefit to Community.

Macalloy Corporation site. 2012. Reuse and the Benefit to Community.

Solitron Microwave site. 2012. Reuse and the Benefit to Community.

Other EPA Resources

EPA Press notice. "EPA Announces the Excellence in Site Reuse Award at the Calhoun Park Area Site. Charleston County. South Carolina." November
7, 2012.

EPA Press notice. "Forsite Development. Inc. to Receive EPA Region 4's 'Excellence In Site Reuse' Award." August 5, 2014.

Non-EPA Resources

"ReVenture West to Transform Superfund Site into Eco-Industrial Park near Charlotte. North Carolina." March 11,2013. Area Development Online.

22 EPA Region 4

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vvEPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4

61 Forsyth Street SW
Atlanta, GA 30303

November 2015 | http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-epa-region-4-southeast

A Printed on 100% recycled/recyclable paper
^ ^ with minimum 25% post-consumer fiber.

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