Region 6 Economic Profile Putting Sites to Work How Superfund Redevelopment in Region 6 Is Making a Difference in Communities 2022 Data


PUTTING SITES

TO WORK

How Superfund Redevelopment
in Region 6 Is Making a
Difference in Communities

2022 DATA

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Cover page photos:

Fruit Avenue Plume (New Mexico), Star Lake Canal (Texas), Highway 71/72 Refinery (Louisiana), Vertac Inc (Arkansas), McGaffey and Main

Groundwater Plume (New Mexico), Chevron Questa Mine (New Mexico).

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Figure 1. An apartment
complex at the Big Tex
Grain Co. site (Texas).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface	i

Introduction	1

Support for Superfund Redevelopment	3

Superfund Redevelopment: The Big Picture	4

Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Redevelopment in Region 6	6

Beneficial Effects from Enhanced Recreational and Ecological Amenities	8

Beneficial Effects from Alternative Energy Projects	11

Environmental Justice and Economic Revitalization	12

Climate Adaptation at Superfund Sites	13

Opportunity Zone Tax Incentives as Superfund Redevelopment Tools	14

Redevelopment in Action	15

Redevelopment on the Horizon in Region 6	19

Conclusion	21

State Redevelopment Profiles	23

Arkansas	24

Louisiana	25

New Mexico	26

Oklahoma	27

Texas	28

Reuse Information Sources

29

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PREFACE

EPA's Superfund Program is a cornerstone of the work that the Agency performs
for citizens and communities across the country. The revitalization of places
affected by contaminated lands is a key part of Superfund's mission, meeting
community needs for thriving economies and improved environmental and
public health outcomes. Through EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program, the
Agency contributes to these communities' economic vitality by supporting the
return of sites to productive use.

EPA is focused on accelerating work and progress at all Superfund sites across

the country, and supporting redevelopment and community revitalization.
Using resources from the 2022 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, EPA is providing
necessary funding to enable delayed cleanup efforts at 49 Superfund sites to
move forward. More than 60% of these sites are in historically underserved
communities. EPA is leading the way to support the return of these and other
once-contaminated sites to productive use.

These regional profiles highlight community-led efforts as EPA expedites cleanup
and remediation and engages with partners and stakeholders to support
redevelopment and community revitalization.

EPA REGION 6

i

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INTRODUCTION

EPA's Region 6 office serves Arkansas, Louisiana,
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and 66 tribes. This
part of the country includes some of the nation's
fastest-growing cities as well as small towns,
farmland, ranches and public lands. Urban and rural
communities alike across the Region are focusing
on the cleanup and revitalization of old industrial
sites, including Superfund sites, recognizing that
these areas offer substantial opportunities for new
development and innovation. Today, states and
communities are working diligently to find new uses
for these sites. The Superfund program in EPA Region
6 is proud to play a role in these efforts.

The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites often
restores value to site properties and amenities to
surrounding communities that have been negatively
affected by contamination. Site redevelopment can
revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses,
tax revenues and local spending.

Through efforts such as the Superfund
Redevelopment Program, EPA Region 6 helps
communities reclaim cleaned-up Superfund sites.

Factoring the reasonably anticipated future use of
Superfund sites into the cleanup process promotes
their safe redevelopment. In addition, EPA Region 6
works closely with state and local officials to remove
barriers that have kept many Superfund sites vacant
or underused. EPA Region 6 works to ensure that businesses on properties being cleaned up under Superfund can
continue operating in a way that protects human health and the environment during site investigations and cleanup
work. This continuity enables these businesses to remain open and serve as a source of jobs and income for local
communities.

Figure 2. A local utility maintenance yard sits at the foot of an old grain
silo at the City of Perryton Well No. 2 site (Texas).

Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use:
Business and Job Highlights

Businesses: 267

Total Annual Sales: $787 million

Number of People Employed: 4,615
Total Annual Employee Income: $240 million

Superfund sites across Region 6 are home to commercial and industrial parks, retail centers, condominiums and single
family homes. Many sites continue to host industrial operations, including large-scale manufacturing facilities. Some sites
now support alternative energy projects. Others have been transformed into ecological preserves, parks and recreation
complexes. On-site businesses and organizations at current and former Region 6 Superfund sites provide an estimated
4,615 jobs and contribute an estimated $240 million in annual employment income. Sites in reuse and continued use in
Region 6 generate $9.9 million in annual property tax revenues for local governments.1

1 Business and property value tax figures represent only a subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6. There are 51 Superfund
sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have business data, including five federal facilities on the Superfund National Priorities List
(NPL). Not all sites in reuse involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people. Several sites without businesses have beneficial effects that
are not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits (e.g., parks, wetlands, ecological habitat and open space). In addition,
there are 53 sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including five NPL federal facilities.

EPA REGION 6

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This profile looks at how redevelopment activities at Superfund sites make a difference in communities across Region
6. In particular, it describes some of the beneficial effects of redevelopment and continued use of current and former
Superfund sites. The profile also describes the land values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned
to use and sites that have remained in use throughout the cleanup process. EPA updates these profiles periodically. The
beneficial effects may increase or decrease over time due to changes in:

•	The number of sites in reuse or continued use.

•	The number of on-site businesses.

•	Data availability.

•	Changes in business and property value data.

Figures presented represent only a subset of all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6.

Effective August 1,2009

Ho Requlsr Household Sat Batteries
fetytitM el hi

Aatomobde Batteries Kill Be Ac:epied
DsKt^trt Sftcall Itt» ie
Local Mo Shack For Recycling
For Hue Intornutiog Contact: 340-8/3?

Figure 3. Left: An offroad motorsports business at the Sol Lynn site (Texas); Right: A drive-through recycling center at the Vertac, Inc. site (Arkansas).

2

EPA REGION 6

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SUPPORT FOR SUPERFUN
REDEVELOPMENT

EPA Region 6 is committed to improving the health and livelihood of Americans by cleaning up and returning land to
productive use. In addition to protecting human health and the environment through the Superfund program, Region 6
partners with stakeholders to encourage redevelopment opportunities at Superfund sites. Region 6 helps communities
and cleanup managers consider redevelopment during cleanup planning and evaluate remedies already in place to
ensure appropriate redevelopment, in addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages
opportunities to support Superfund redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic sustainability.

Specific redevelopment support efforts in EPA Region 6
include:

• Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities
to align with site cleanup plans through the
redevelopment planning process.

• Facilitating cleanup and redevelopment discussions
to help resolve key issues between parties
interested in site redevelopment.

• Supporting targeted projects intended to help
Region 6 communities and EPA find the right tools
to move site redevelopment forward.

• Making efforts to help address communities' and
developers' liability, safety and reuse concerns
through development of educational materials,
comfort letters, developer agreements and
environmental status reports - known as Ready for
Reuse Determinations - that provide information
about the appropriate use of sites.

• Supporting partnerships with groups such as the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that are committed to
putting Superfund sites back into use.

• Developing reuse fact sheets, websites, webinars
and reuse case studies to share opportunities and
lessons associated with Superfund Redevelopment.

These efforts have helped build expertise across Region 6,
making it easier to both consider future use of Superfund
sites prior to cleanup and to identify opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts also help tribes, state
agencies, local governments, communities, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and other partners
and stakeholders to better understand potential future uses for Superfund sites. This helps stakeholders engage early in
the cleanup process, ensuring that Superfund sites are restored as productive assets for communities. Most importantly,
these efforts lead to significant returns for communities, including jobs, annual income and tax revenues.

SOLAR REUSE ASSESSMENT AND
FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Agriculture Street Landfill Site
New Orleans, LA

FINAL
JULY 2021

INTRODUCTION

EFWs Superfund Redevelopment and RE-Powering America's Land programs
supported a renewable energy reuse assessment and solar feasibility study
for the city ofNew Orleans (the City) to hel p advance recommendations from
an Urban Resilience Report for this former municipal disposal area.The focus
of the project is the 95-acre Agriculture Street Landfill Superfund site (Site),
which includes an undeveloped 45-acre landfill and residential properties.
A M'icrogrid Opportunities Report funded by the US. Department of Energy
highlighted the Site's capacity to host a solar renewable energy project thai
could help power an adjacent water and drainage infrastructure pumping
station. Following up on this finding. EPA's consulting team, Skeo Solutions,
Inc and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), provided technical
assistance to evaluate suitable areas for locating a solar photovoltaic (solar
PV. or PV) system at the Site.

Overview

The project started fn November 2020 as ER\, City stakeholders and the
consulting team initiated a phased solar suitability evaluation. The project
finished in July 2021 with the sofar feasibility study, which refines the
potential PV system capacity and evaluates financial feasibility. This report
summarizes the consulting team's analysis and key considerations to
support the City in further determining options to advance site reuse and
resilience efforts.

SITE BACKGROUND

Site Location: The Site is located in the Desire neighborhood on the City's
east side, tt is bounded on the north by Higgins Boulevard, on the northwest
by Almonaster Boulevard, and on the south and west by the Southern
Railroad rights-of-way.

Community Context: The Site is located in a historically African American
community that faces the compound impacts of low lying area flood
damage and the fact that many homes and neighborhood amenities were
built in an area later designated as a federal Superfund site. The City's interest
in a solar development at the Site meets several goals, including improving

Contents

Introduction- _ ..

Site Background -

Reuse Suitability.

Solar Feasibility

Conclusions and Next Steps.

Stakeholders Involved

The stakeholders listed below
participated in reuse discussions via
teleconference in 2020 and 2021.
City of New Orfeans
Environmental Affairs
City of New Orfeans Office of
Resilience and Sustainability
Sewer and Water Board of New
Orleans

City of New Orfeans Department
of Property Management, Real
Estate Division
National Renewable Energy
Laboratory

RE-Powering America's Land
Program, EPA

Superfund Redevelopment
Program, EPA
EPA Region 6

Figure 4. A solar reuse assessment and feasibility report for the
Agriculture Street Landfill site (Louisiana).

EPA REGION 6

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SUPERFUND REDEVELOPMENT:
THE BIG PICTURE

EPA can take and oversee immediate action at contaminated sites through short-term cleanup actions, also called
removal actions.2 EPA refers sites warranting long-term cleanup to its remedial program or to state programs. EPA's
National Priorities List (NPL) is a list of sites the Agency is targeting for further investigation and possible remediation
through the Superfund program. Once EPA places a site on the NPL, the Agency studies the contamination, identifies
technologies that could address the material and evaluates alternative cleanup approaches. EPA then proposes a cleanup
plan and, after collecting public input, issues a final cleanup plan. The Agency then cleans up the site or oversees cleanup
activities. EPA has placed 147 sites in Region 6 on the NPL.

Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate redevelopment priorities into site cleanup plans. In Region 6, 83 NPL sites
and nine non-NPL Superfund sites are in use. These sites have either new uses in place or uses that remain in place from
before cleanup. Many of these sites have been redeveloped for commercial, industrial and residential purposes. Others
have been redeveloped for recreational, ecological and agricultural uses. Businesses and other organizations also use
some site areas for memorials and parking areas. Many redeveloped sites support multiple uses and have the capacity to
support additional uses and further redevelopment. The following sections take a closer look at the beneficial effects of
businesses operating on current and former Superfund sites in Region 6.

New Mexico

Oklahoma

Louisiana

Figure 5. Sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6.

2 Removal actions may be taken at sites on the NPL and sites not on the NPL.

EPA REGION 6

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J^^^MVjAN^XggETJUi|,DING A

Figure 6. Left: A women's health center at the RSR Corporation site (Texas); Right: A crane totem in the parking lot of a marine repair facility at the
Palmer Barge Line site (Texas).

Sites in Reuse and Continued Use: A Closer Look

Reuse Type	Description	Region 6 Example

In Reuse

Part or all of a site is being used in a
new, different manner than before
Superfund involvement. Or, the
property was vacant and cleanup was
designed to support a new, specific
land use.

Big Tex Grain Co. (Texas) — a mixed-
use development that includes
apartments, townhomes, restaurants
and retail spaces sits atop a former
industrial processing area.

In Continued Use

Historical uses at a site remain active,
and/or the site is still used in the
same general manner as when the
Superfund process started at the site.

Frit Industries (Arkansas) — a fertilizer
additive manufacturing company has
been on site since the 1950s.

In Reuse and Continued Use

Part of a site is in continued use and
part of the site is in reuse.

Highway 71/72 Refinery (Louisiana) —
a hotel complex featuring restaurants
and shops was built on site after
cleanup; long-time residential,
commercial and public service areas
remain active on site.

38

25

29



16

3

22

92 SITES IN USE

41 SITES WITH BUSINESSES

EPA REGION 6

5

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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF
SUPERFUND SITE
REDEVELOPMENT IN REGION 6

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 267 businesses,
government agencies and civic organizations
operating on 37 NPL sites and four non-NPL sites
in reuse and continued use in Region 6. (See the
State Redevelopment Profiles for each state's reuse
details.) Businesses and organizations at these sites
are part of several different sectors, including lodging,
professional trade, industrial trade and health care
services.

The businesses and organizations at these sites generate about $787 million in estimated annual sales and employ about
4,615 people, earning an estimated $240 million in annual employment income. This income injects money into local
economies and generates revenue through personal state income taxes. These businesses also help local economies
through direct purchases of locai supplies and services. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and services also
generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes, which support state and local governments. Table 1 provides
more detailed information.

Businesses and organizations at Region 6 Superfund
sites include hotels, schools, grocery stores,
restaurants, civic and social organizations, freight
transportation facilities, health care centers and
manufacturing facilities.

Figure 7. A hotel operates at the Highway 71/72 Refinery site (Louisiana).

Table 1. Site and Business Information for Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use (2022)

Sitesa

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesb

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$132 million

689

$44 million

In Continued Use

$14 million

$5 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

226

$641 million

3,862

$191 million

Totals

267

$787 million

4,615

$240 million

a Five sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations and civic institutions. Business information is not
available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use. Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not
sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.

EPA REGION 6

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Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued
Use: Property Value and Tax Highlights

Total Property Value: $969 million

Total Annual Property Taxes: $9.9 million

Figure 8. Storefront and sign at the Sol Lynn site (Texas).

Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and
returned to use have the potential to increase in value
significantly. This increased value can boost property
tax revenues, which help pay for local government
operations, schools, transit systems and other public
services. Site properties at the Conroe Creosoting site in
Texas are now valued at over $53 million.

Identifying increases in property values and property
taxes following cleanup and reuse is challenging. This
is due to several factors, including limited data on
past property values and the frequency and timing
of local property value assessments. Likewise, many
factors affect property values, including external
economic and neighborhood factors not related to
a site's contamination or Superfund status. It is also
difficult to isolate the effects of Superfund cleanup and
redevelopment using current property values. However,
these values do provide insight into the current value of
Superfund properties and the potential loss in economic
value if the properties were not cleaned up and made
available for reuse or continued use.

EPA has collected property value and tax data for 39 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6.3 These sites
span 3,193 property parcels and 5,239 acres. They have a total property value of $969 million. The average total property
value per acre is $185,000.

Land and improvement property value information is available for 38 sites. These properties have a totai land value of
$293 million and a total improvement value of $643 million.4

Property tax information is available for all 39 sites. The properties generate a combined $9.9 million in local property
taxes annually.

Table 2. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Region 6"

Total Land Value
(37 sites)b

Total Improvement
Value
(37 sites)

Total Property Value
(39 sites)

Total Property Value
per Acre
(39 sites)c

Total Annual
Property Taxes
(39 sites)

$274 million

$577 million

$969 million

$185,000

$9.9 million

a Results are based on an EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program effort to collect on-site property values and property taxes for a subset of
Superfund sites. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor
datasets, which varied from 2021 to 2023. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to
rounding.

b Land and improvement value for four of the sites is listed as $0.

c Based on total property value amount of $969 million divided by total acreage of 5,239.

3 There are 53 additional sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including five NPL federal facilities.

4 Property values consist of land value and the value of any improvements (buildings and infrastructure) placed on a property. When sites are redeveloped,
some or all of these improvements may be new or already in place. In some cases, the breakdown showing the land value and improvement value is not always
available; only the total property value may be available.

EPA REGION 6

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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS FROM
ENHANCED RECREATIONAL
AND ECOLOGICAL AMENITIES

In addition to hosting commercial
developments, retail centers and industrial
facilities, many Region 6 sites in reuse and
continued use provide recreational and
ecological benefits. Green space and habitat
reuses help attract visitors and residents and
indirectly contribute to local economies.

Careful planning can enable the integration
of green spaces and habitat into site cleanup
plans, resulting in the transformation of
contaminated properties into valuable
community and wildlife assets. Green spaces
are integral components of sustainable
communities - they help protect the
environment and human health while
providing other social and economic benefits.

Parks, community gardens and other public
green spaces create opportunities for people
to gather, exercise and connect with nature.

The creation of green spaces and habitat at Fi9ure 9¦ Afleld w'th wild/lowers at the Bayou Verdine site (Louisiana).
once-contaminated properties serves to re-
introduce ecosystems and biodiversity into urban and suburban landscapes by providing corridors for migrating species
and preserving habitat. They can also mitigate stormwater runoff problems by slowly absorbing and naturally filtering
stormwater, resulting in improved water quality due to decreased runoff and erosion.

Parks, natural areas and scenic landscapes also have great economic value - supporting regional economies through
tourism, agriculture and other activities. Economic impacts of recreation activities can include outdoor recreation
spending and reduced public costs related to healthcare and infrastructure, in 2021, outdoor recreation contributed
$862 billion to the U.S. economy, supporting 4.5 million jobs and 1.9% of the total gross domestic product (GDP).

Outdoor recreation's contribution to the GDP grew 18.9% compared to the overall economy that grew 5.9% in 2021.5
Protected green space can also increase the property values of nearby homes by providing amenities that draw people to
live and work in the community. Many sites in Region 6 provide recreational and ecological benefits.

5 State of the Outdoor Market, Fall 2022. Outdoor Industry Association. Available at https://outdoorindustrv.org/wp-content/uploads/2Q22/12/OIA-State-of-the-
Outdoor-Market-Report-Fall-2022.pdf

EPA REGION 6

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TEX-TIN

Salt Marsh Restoration Provides Vital Habitat

From the 1940s to 1991, a copper and tin smelter operated at the 170-acre
Tex-Tin Corp. Superfund site in Texas City, Texas. A waste oil recovery facility
was also on site in the early 1980s. EPA added the site to the Superfund
program's NPL in 1998. Cleanup focused on soil, sediment and groundwater
at the site, as well as affected homes and the nearby Swan Lake Salt Marsh
Area.

In 2001, Natural Resource Trustees for the State of Texas, including the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality, the General Land Office, the Texas
Parks and Wildlife Department, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on behalf of the
Department of the Interior (the Trustees), led an environmental assessment
of contaminated marsh sediment and created a restoration plan. The Trustees """ r-j-~ --- <

used Natural Resource Damage settlement funds together with other funding sources to restore more than 70 acres of
marsh in Swan Lake in 2007 and more than 70 acres of marsh in nearby Pierce Marsh in 2016.

Swan Lake also plays a vital role in local non-profit Scenic Galveston's work to create a high-visibility marsh preserve along
the highway to access Galveston Island. Part of a roughly 2,400-acre preserve complex, the John M. O'Quinn 1-45 Estuarial
Corridor is an important stopover for migrating shorebirds. It also provides wintering habitat for several threatened and
endangered species, high-priority waterfowl and grassland birds. EPA is providing guidance and support to Scenic Galveston
as they explore expanding the preserve further onto the site. It is working to incorporate these habitats into the broader
preserve complex through extensive habitat restoration and enhancement, as well as to restore connectivity to maintain a
permanent habitat corridor between Galveston Bay and West Galveston Bay.

BAYOU BONFOUCA

From Industry to Outdoor Recreation

The 54-acre Bayou Bonfouca site is in the city of Slidell in St. Tammany Parish,

Louisiana. More than 100 years of wood-treating operations contaminated the
area and the surrounding bayou. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1983. EPA and
the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) worked together
on a cleanup and restoration plan. Cleanup resulted in the restoration of over
a mile of Bayou Bonfouca's waterway. Other parts of the site, including the
bayou, are devoted to aquatic life conservation and recreation and public uses.

During cleanup, EPA put in a boat ramp to access the bayou. Later, site owners
donated this prime waterfront property to the city of Slidell (the City). The boat
ramp is available for public use and provides boat access to Bayou Bonfouca. The
City also coordinated with EPA and LDEQ to develop community green space
and a city park, known as Heritage Park. The park includes playgrounds, picnic
areas, walking/jogging paths, restrooms and a gazebo for performances and
community gatherings. The city hosts concerts, festivals and events at Heritage
Park throughout the year, including annua! Fourth of July festivities, with firework
spectators viewing the show from the park and the bayou.

In 2012, the City received a $1.5 million grant to promote boating access along Bayou Bonfouca, near the site. Coordination
among the City, LDEQ and EPA paved the way for Slidell Municipal Marina, which opened to the public in summer 2018. The
project includes floating docks, piers, trails and other amenities to encourage recreational boating on the bayou. The marina
provides boaters with access to Heritage Park and downtown Slidell from Lake Pontchartrain. In May 2018, EPA Region 6
recognized the City's efforts to support beneficial site reuse with its Excellence in Site Reuse award. Region 6 established the
award to celebrate people and organizations that have supported the reuse of Superfund sites through outstanding efforts that
go above and beyond required cleanup.

Figure 10. Restored wetlands at Swan Lake are now
part of a larger intertidal marsh preserve complex at
the Tpx-Tin Sunerfund site /Texas)

Figure 11. The Slidell Municipal Marina consists of
a floating dock, located behind the Heritage Park
amphitheater; with nine finger-pier slips, plus 18
slips for side-tie docking at the Bayou Bonfouca
Superfund site (Louisiana).

Bayou

EPA REGION 6

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Why Are Wetlands Economically Important?

Superfund site reuse can support wetland habitat, as seen at several sites
in Region 6. Cleanup of the Bailey Waste Disposal site in Bridge City, Texas,
helped protect sensitive wetlands and made them safe for wildlife and
recreation activities. At the Star Lake Canal site in Jefferson County, Texas,
wetlands provide habitat for state-designated threatened species such as
the green heron and reddish egret.

Wetlands provide a variety of benefits. The combination of shallow water,
high levels of nutrients and primary productivity is ideal for organisms that
form the base of the food web and feed many species of fish, amphibians,
shellfish and insects. Wetlands are extremely effective in removing
pollutants from water and acting as filters for future drinking water.

Wetlands play a role in reducing the frequency and intensity of floods.

They can store large amounts of carbon. They also provide recreational
amenities.

These benefits also have economic value. Replacing wetlands' water treatment services with manmade facilities,
for example, would be expensive. Worldwide, wetlands provide an estimated $47.2 trillion in ecosystem services.
To learn more, see:

• EPA's Economic Benefits of Wetlands: epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/economic
benefits of wetlands.pdf

• EPA's Ecosystem Services at Superfund Sites: Reuse and the Benefit to Community: semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/HQ/100003256

EPA's Why Are Wetlands Important?: epa.gov/wetlands/whv-are-wetlands-important

EPA's Functions and Values of Wetlands: epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/functions
values of wetlands.pdf

Figure 12. A tidal marsh near the Neches
River at the Bailey Waste Disposal site
provides wildlife habitat (Texas).

EPA REGION 6

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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS FROM
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROJECTS

Alternative energy projects provide a range of beneficial effects. They support construction and operations jobs, spur
local investment for manufacturing and materials, create benefits for landowners in the form of land lease and right-of-
way payments, lower energy costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They also help hedge against energy price and
supply volatility, support local business competitiveness and technology supply chain development, provide outreach
and public relations opportunities for site owners and communities, and contribute to broader economic development
planning. Alternative energy projects at Superfund sites and other contaminated lands help support White House
priorities to strengthen resilience to climate change and increase access to clean energy sources. These projects also can
help communities reclaim and return contaminated lands to productive uses, while supporting EPA's mission to protect
human health and the environment.

As of September 2022, EPA is tracking two alternative energy projects at two Superfund sites in Region 6. These projects
have an installed capacity of about 12.5 megawatts.

I

I

1

Solar Project

1

Wind Project

Alternative energy projects tracked
in Region 6 generate an estimated
48,668 megawatt hours each year.6
This is equivalent to...

&T

ft

34,490 metric tons
of carbon dioxide

4,347 homes'
energy use for one
year

7,675 gas-
powered vehicles
driven for one
year

Equivalencies were calculated using power production. Production values were not available for one project in Region 6. Estimated power production for solar
projects was calculated using facility capacity (megawatts) with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's PVWatts Calculator pvwatts.nrel.gov. To learn more
about equivalencies, visit www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator.

EPA REGION 6

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ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND
ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION

Communities with environmental justice concerns
are disproportionately affected by environmental
pollution and hazards and typically include marginalized,
underserved, low-income groups and people of color,
including tribal and indigenous people. Superfund
cleanups and redevelopment are opportunities to
evaluate how to reduce impacts on these communities
and, through meaningful community involvement efforts,
engage communities in productive dialogue to increase
local benefits through reuse opportunities that meet
community needs.

In 2021, President Biden issued two executive orders
- Executive Order 13985 (Advancing Racial Equity
and Support for Underserved Communities Through
the Federal Government) and Executive Order 14008
(Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad). The
executive orders directed federal agencies to develop
and implement policies and strategies that strengthen
compliance and enforcement, incorporate environmental
justice considerations in their work, increase community
engagement, and ensure that at least 40% of the benefits
from federal investments in climate and clean energy
flow to underserved communities.

EPA has taken this charge to heart and, in September

2022, issued the EJ Action Plan. Building Up Figure 13. EPA's EJ Action Plan aims to address cleanup issues in

Environmental Justice in EPA's Land Protection and overburdened communities across the country.

Cleanup Programs (EJ Action Plan), intended to address
land cleanup issues in overburdened communities across

the country. The plan includes strategies to enhance nearly two dozen projects while addressing the need for stronger
compliance, increased environmental justice considerations in EPA regulations, and improved community engagement.
The plan also complements the recommendations for integrating environmental justice into the cleanup and
redevelopment of Superfund and other contaminated sites highlighted in the May 2021 National Environmental Justice
Advisory Council (NEJAC) report, Superfund Remediation and Redevelopment for Environmental Justice Communities.

In addition, EPA is using a $1 billion investment from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to fund new cleanup projects at 49
Superfund sites across the country. Many of these sites have been part of a backlog of Superfund sites awaiting funding
for cleanup, some of which have been waiting for over four years. This historic investment will finance cleanup at four
sites in Region 6.

EPA REGION 6

-------
CLIMATE ADAPTATION AT
SUPERFUND SITES

Remedies at contaminated sites may be vulnerable to the impacts
of climate change and extreme weather events. EPA's Superfund
program has developed an approach that raises awareness of these
vulnerabilities and applies climate change and weather science as
a standard operating practice in cleanup projects. The approach
involves periodic screening of Superfund remedy vulnerabilities,
prioritizing the Superfund program's steps to adapt to a changing
climate, and identifying measures to assure the climate resilience of
Superfund sites. EPA is working to ensure that its programs, policies,
rulemaking processes, enforcement and compliance assurance
activities, and operations consider the current and future impacts of
climate change and how those impacts may disproportionately affect
overburdened and underserved communities.

EPA's Superfund program has done studies to identify potential
vulnerabilities of cleanup actions and evaluate strategies to mitigate
these vulnerabilities. In 2012, EPA did a preliminary vulnerability
assessment of all NPL sites. EPA found that a significant number of
the sites were susceptible to flooding associated with sea-level risk
or floodplain proximity. A 2018 EPA study assessed the status of
remedies in place at 251 Superfund sites in EPA Regions 2, 4 and 6
that were exposed to tropical-force winds or flooding associated with
three major hurricane events the previous year. It found that climate
resiliencies built into the remedies implemented at these sites were
critical to successfully maintaining long-term protectiveness. These
studies have helped inform climate adaptation planning for the
Superfund program.

Strategies for mitigating vulnerabilities and increasing remedy
resilience in light of climate change may apply to existing or planned
remediation systems. The strategies also may be applied to cleanups
conducted under other regulatory programs or through voluntary
efforts to increase remedy resilience to the potential effects of climate change.

Examples of climate adaptation measures that increase resiliency include:

• Vegetating landfill cap covers with native plants provides a ground cover that is tolerant of local seasonal
temperature and precipitation extremes and minimizes the need for maintenance, such as mowing and watering.

• Designing and constructing capping systems to withstand significant storm and flood events.

• Raising the elevation of critical electrical instrumentation for remedial components and using water-tight
materials to construct and protect remedial components.

• Restoring wetlands to reduce wave action in floodplain and intertidal zones to minimize erosion from storm events.

• Integrating specifications regarding tolerance of extreme weather and other natural hazards into building and
remedial infrastructure designs.

• Routinely reassessing site vulnerability to wildfires and implementing resilience measures as recommended by
firefighting agencies.

Figure 14. In January 2021, President Biden signed Executive
Order 14008, requiring federal agencies to develop climate
action plans that describe their climate vulnerabilities
and steps to increase resilience to the impacts of climate
change. In October 2021, EPA released its updated Climate
Adaptation Action Plan, which includes five climate
adaptation priority actions that the Agency is taking to
increase human and ecosystem resilience as disruptive
impacts associated with climate change increase.

EPA REGION 6

-------
OPPORTUNITY ZONE TAX
INCENTIVES AS SUPERFUN
REDEVELOPMENT TOOLS

Opportunity Zones are a powerful tool to encourage economic revitalization in distressed communities by incentivizing
long-term, sustainable investment in redevelopment and stimulating economic growth. State governors have designated
8,764 Opportunity Zones across the country in geographic areas that suffer double the national poverty rate. Socio-
economic metrics show that Opportunity Zones are among the highest-need communities in the nation. The U.S.
Department of the Treasury estimates that Opportunity Zones may attract up to $100 billion in investments, which
strengthens the financial viability of redevelopment projects at Superfund sites located in Opportunity Zones.

Redevelopment of current or former Superfund sites may qualify for Opportunity Zone tax benefits. Nationally, there
are 343 NPL sites located entirely or partially in Opportunity Zones. Estimates indicate there are thousands of Superfund
removal sites in Opportunity Zones across the nation. In Region 6, there are 38 NPL sites located entirely or partially in an
Opportunity Zone. Redevelopment investments that meet appropriate qualifying criteria may be eligible for Opportunity
Zone tax benefits. EPA and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) have tools and resources to
help local leaders achieve equitable outcomes in Opportunity Zone development projects.

Puerto Rico and
U.S. Virgin Islands

American Samoa

Northern Marianna
Islands and Guam

Figure 15. About 8,764 Opportunity Zones were established in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the five U.S. territories.

EPA REGION 6

-------
REDEVELOPMENT IN ACTION

AMERICAN CREOSOTE WORKS, INC.
(WINNFIELD PLANT)

Fire District Training Facility Enhances Public Safety

The 34-acre American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant) Superfund site is in Winnfield, Louisiana. From 1901
to 1979, companies treated wood on site. In 1981, Staliworth Timber Company bought the site and continued
wood treatment. These operations contaminated soil, groundwater and storage areas. Inspections by the Louisiana
Department of Environmental Quality from 1982 to 1986 found chemical spills, abandoned pits and containers, and off-
site contamination. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1992.

As part of a 1993 cleanup plan, EPA determined that the residential uses were the reasonably anticipated future land
use for the site. In 2016, EPA selected a new cleanup plan for remaining source contamination and re-evaluated future
land use. Given the history of the site, current land uses near the site, and the city of Winnfield and Winn Parish Police
Jury's future development plans, EPA updated its reasonably anticipated future land use for the site to commercial and
industrial uses.

The updated cleanup plan will leave waste in place beneath a cap. Institutional controls will protect the integrity of
capped source material and limit site uses to commercial and industrial uses. EPA worked with the city of Winnfield to
support the site's reuse. In 2017, the Winn Parish Police Jury entered into a lease agreement with the Winn Parish Fire
District No. 3 for use of the site's south parcel as a training center for the Winn Parish Fire District. Enhancements to the
fire training facility are planned. About 3,500 people live within 3 miles of the site.

EPA has completed the design of the site's updated remedy, which includes excavation and off-site disposal of
contaminated soil as well as in-place treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated with creosote. EPA issued the
contract for these cleanup activities in August 2022. The cleanup is designed to reduce contamination entering the creek.
The in-place treatment system has effectively eliminated discharges to Creosote Branch Creek, allowing the stream to
recover to natural conditions. The cleanup is funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.

Figure 16. New developments at the Winn Parrish Fire
District No. 3 training facility are planned at the American
Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant) Superfund site
(Louisiana).

EPA REGION 6

-------
CONROE CREOSOTING

Home Improvement Distribution Center Sparks
Local Economy and Infrastructure Projects

The 147-acre Conroe Creosoting Superfurid site is in Con roe, Texas, about 40 miles north of Houston. From 1946 to 1997,
a wood-treating facility processed lumber, railroad crossties, poles and fence posts on site. These operations and waste
management practices contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater with phenols, naphthalene, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). EPA added the site to the NPL in 2003.

To protect public health and the environment, EPA removed contaminated soil and sediment and placed the material
in a special containment vault. Land use restrictions prohibit residential land use. EPA also put in monitoring wells and
continues to monitor the naturally attenuating groundwater contamination plume. In 2008, EPA issued a Ready for Reuse
Determination indicating that the site is ready to support commercial and industrial land uses.

East Davis Development acquired the site property in 2011 and made infrastructure improvements to prepare the
area for use as an industrial park. In 2020, EPA and Conroe Logistics Center, LLC entered into a Bona Fide Prospective
Purchaser Doing Work Agreement for the company's purchase of 42 acres of the site from East Davis Development.
In 2021, Home Depot opened its new $51 million distribution center on site providing jobs, income, tax revenue and
services for the surrounding community. About 43,600 people live within 3 miles of the site.

Conroe Logistics Center, LLC also added rail spurs to maximize the site's accessibility. With the increase in traffic to the
area, the city of Conroe was able to prioritize funding for a long-anticipated road extension project. The redevelopment
sparked the city-ied connection of FM 1314 (Porter Road) with Airport Road via a through-road across the site. EPA
successfully partnered with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to collaborate with site purchasers,
local government and stakeholders to support the reuse project and bring benefits to the community.

Figure 17. Roadside sign for the Home
Depot distribution center at the Conroe
Creosoting Superfund site (Texas).

TRUCK
ENTRY

ASSOCIATE
ENTRY

EPA REGION 6

-------
RSR CORPORATION

Community Leadership Informs Cleanup, Fosters
Equitable Development and Catalyzes Revitalization

The RSR Corporation Superfund site is part of a residential and commercial area in West Dallas, Texas. It includes a
former lead smelter, several landfills and a 13.6-square-mile area investigated for lead contamination. The smelter was
active from 1934 to 1984. Smelter operations and waste disposal practices contaminated surface soil, sediment, sludge
and groundwater. Airborne emissions from the smeiter also carried lead-contaminated smog into the surrounding
community. In the early 1990s, EPA and the Dallas Housing Authority (DHA) cleaned up over 400 properties by removing
lead-contaminated soil and buildings from a DHA public housing area northeast of the smelter and other homes around
the former smelter area. Excavated areas were filled with clean soil and new vegetation. Follow-up studies found that
cleanup resulted in lowered blood-lead levels for children and residents in West Dallas. EPA added the site to the NPL in
1995. Cleanup at the former smelter and waste disposal areas is now complete.

Neighborhoods near the site lacked access to public health and community services. Community members hoped that
cleanup could provide new opportunities for attracting jobs to the area. About 39,000 people live within the site's initial
Superfund Investigation Area. An estimated 91% of the people living on and near the site in West Dallas are people
of color. Fifty-two percent of the community is classified as low income. Since the start of cleanup, EPA has supported
community efforts advocating for equitable, protective redevelopment at the site through reuse planning activities.
Effective and inclusive engagement early in the cleanup process supported several successful reuse outcomes at the site.

Today, the RSR Corporation Superfund site supports a wide range of new uses that meet community needs and
reflect community priorities, including affordable and safe housing, and expanded access to high-quality education
opportunities, state-of-the-art recreation amenities, health care, social services and job training. Many site businesses
and organizations are changing lives every day, by helping to close gaps in education, skills and services, and by
proactively reducing long-standing disparities in area communities. Cleanup has also enabled continued use of homes
and businesses, as well as set the stage for new commercial and public service uses.

Goodwill industries of West Dallas operates a 275,000-square-foot facility on site that includes offices, meeting space
and a retail store. The company focuses on hiring and training disadvantaged workers, benefiting the local workforce.
The cleanup also provided opportunities for other facilities to move into the area, including commercial businesses,
several public and private schools and health-care facilities. These health-care facilities include Lakewest Rehabilitation
and Skilled Care, Thrive Women's Clinic and Lake West Women's Health Center. In 2022, Dallas Lite & Barricade, a traffic
management products and services company, opened its new headquarters on a once-vacant part of the Site. The
company regraded a buried siag area to allow for more vehicle parking areas. EPA provided oversight of the activities
to ensure the remedy's protectiveness. EPA continues to work with area communities and key stakeholders to support
new, equitable site uses that will meet community needs and ensure the continued protection of human health and the
environment. Looking forward, there are new opportunities on the horizon to reuse vacant site properties and expand
existing uses, including construction of more affordable housing.

Figure 18. A traffic management products and
services company built its corporate headquarters
at the RSR Corporation Superfund site (Texas).

EPA REGION 6

17

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SOUTH VALLEY

Former Jet Engine Plant Supports Essentia!
Infrastructure and Businesses

The South Valley site covers about a square mile of land in an industrial area in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Univar USA
has operated an industrial chemical distribution facility on part of the site since 1965. A U.S. Air Force plant made jet
engine components on the other part of the site beginning in the 1950s. General Electric Aviation (GEA) manufactured
jet engine component piant in 1985 and demolished it in 2011. When GEA demolished the plant, the company
committed to recycling or reusing all usable building materials. This "green demolition" kept nearly 15,000 tons of
building and related materials out of local landfills and reduced demolition costs.

In 2019, EPA and the New Mexico Environment Department determined that three of the six site areas, known as
operable units, had achieved construction completion status. EPA deleted the three operable units off the NPL in
2019. EPA also issued two comfort letters to prospective developers planning to turn the former GEA piant area into
a disinfectant manufacturing facility and a heavy equipment repair business. Bernalillo County built a connector road
across the site connecting interstate 25 and Albuquerque International Airport, an area known for high vehicle traffic.
With about 51,000 people living within 3 miles of the site, the county anticipates that the infrastructure project will
ease traffic congestion by spreading out vehicle movements and reduce concentrated vehicular emissions, while also
attracting new businesses to the area.

in 2022, Bernalillo County put out a call for outdoor public art proposals to install along the new Sunport Boulevard
extension. In January 2023, the county selected a prominent Albuquerque artist for the project. A 20-foot sculpture
captures the area's unique history, traditions and culture. The artist collaborated with area schools to incorporate
meaningful symbols into the sculpture. The Sunport Boulevard extension officially opened on June 2, 2023.

Figure 19. The new Sunport
Boulevard extension closes a
gap in the area's transportation
network, and address other
transportation and access needs
on and around the South Valley
Superfund site (New Mexico),

EPA REGION 6

-------
REDEVELOPMENT ON THE

HORIZON IN REGION 6

AGRICULTURE STREET LANDFILL

Cleanup Enables Mixed Uses and Sustainable
Future for Former Landfill

From 1909 to 1957, a 45-acre municipal landfill was active at what would become the Agriculture Street Landfill
Superfund site in New Orleans, Louisiana. From the 1970s through the late 1980s, the area surrounding the landfill was
developed into a vibrant African American community that included single-family homes, multi-family units, retail stores,
an elementary school, a community center and a recreation center. However, there were numerous concerns that this
community was built on a former landfill and EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. From 1997
to 2001, EPA excavated nearly 70,000 tons of material and took it off site for disposal. EPA replaced this material with a
permeable layer below ground, clean fill and sod. Cleanup took several years.

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita destroyed many structures in the neighborhood. Since then, many
residents have remained in single-family homes in Gordon Plaza and apartments in Gordon Plaza Apartments. A few
small businesses remain open. However, many properties in the neighborhood are now vacant, including the former
Moton Elementary School. Many Gordon Plaza homes and amenities were built on the former landfill later designated
as the Superfund site. In 2023, the city of New Orleans initiated a voluntary buyout of the Gordon Plaza neighborhood,
which has 68 single family homes. Over 12,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. About 93% of community residents
are people of color, 63% live below the poverty line and 17% are unemployed.

The city's Plan for the site envisions municipal uses, open space and community recreational uses. The city also
expressed interest in redeveloping site areas for clean energy initiatives that increase local resilience and reduce
greenhouse gases. In January 2022, Mayor LaToya Cantrell announced the city's intention to work in partnership with
EPA to pursue sustainable long-term reuse opportunities for the site.

A Microgrid Opportunities Report funded by the U.S. Department of Energy highlighted the site's capacity to host a
solar renewable energy project that could help power water and drainage infrastructure pumping stations across New
Orleans. To explore city initiatives that could help meet this goal, EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region
6 sponsored a reuse assessment for the site to help inform the city's planning for city-owned properties, properties the
city is acquiring, and other vacant properties at the site. The assessment identified a 40-acre area that could support
a solar facility. Work with the local government to finalize solar footprints and municipal energy demands is ongoing.
For remaining publicly owned property at the site, the city is considering a broader range of opportunities to support
municipal facilities, provide quaiity-of-life amenities for the city's east side, and restore and enhance ecosystems.

Figure 20. Residents of the Gordon Plaza
neighborhood took EPA Administrator Michael S.
Regan on a walking tour of neighborhoods at the
Agriculture Street Landfill Superfund site (Louisiana).

EPA REGION 6

-------
NORTH RAILROAD AREA PLUME
Community Leverages Cleanup Momentum to
Revitalize Historic Town Center

The 58-acre North Railroad Avenue Plume Superfund site is in Espanola, New Mexico. The NorgeTown laundromat
and dry-cleaning operation contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1999. Cleanup of the source
area and hotspot soil with enhanced in~place bioremediation is complete. Long-term cleanup of shallow and deep
groundwater is ongoing. Land uses above the plume include Espanola's Town Center as well as a mix of commercial,
institutional and residential buildings. About 16,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.

Espanola's Town Center is above the deep contaminated groundwater plume. The city is focused on revitalizing the city-
owned, three-block area encompassing the Espanola Plaza and an adjacent brownfield site (Hunter Ford property). The
city has invested in several planning initiatives to revitalize the three-block Town Center, including a Master Plan in 2007,
a Comprehensive Pian update in 2017, and a concept plan for the Hunter Arts and Agricultural Complex in 2017. To act
on these plans, the city intends to pursue technical assistance from the New Mexico Mainstreet Program to develop an
investment strategy and refined plaza plan that focuses on the history of the tri-cultures of the valley (Pueblo, Spanish
and Anglo).

EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region 6 facilitated a reuse planning process that brought together
iocai, regional, state and federal partners to share potential resources and strategies to support the city of Espanola's
revitalization initiatives. This action plan documents the city's revitalization goals of leveraging proximity to regional
tourism destinations (natural and cultural) to boost the local economy, revitalizing the downtown main street area as a
thriving commercial and cultural center, and addressing a housing shortage through infill and vacant lot development.
The New Mexico Department of Transportation is planning intersection improvements in 2023 that will greatly improve
visibility, traffic flow and pedestrian safety in the area.

Figure 21. Murals celebrate
local culture in the area around
Espanola's town center at the
North Railroad Area Plume
Superfund site (New Mexico).

EPA REGION 6

-------
CONCLUSION
V

EPA works closely with its partners at Superfund sites across Region 6 to make sure sites can safely be reused or remain
in continued use during and following cleanup. EPA also works with businesses and organizations at Superfund sites
throughout the cleanup process to make sure they can remain open.

The businesses and organizations at these sites
provide jobs and income for communities and
generate local and state taxes. Cleanup and
redevelopment also helps stabilize and boost
property values. There are 83 NPL sites and
nine non-NPL Superfund sites in Region 6 that
have either new uses in place or uses that have
remained in place since before cleanup. Future
uses are planned for many more Superfund sites
in Region 6. EPA remains committed to working
with all stakeholders to support Superfund
redevelopment opportunities in Region 6.

The redevelopment of Superfund sites takes
time and is often a learning process for project
partners. Ongoing coordination among EPA,
tribes, state agencies, local governments,
communities, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and nearby residents and business owners is
essential. EPA tools, including reuse assessments and plans, comfort letters and partial deletions of sites from the NPL,
often serve as the foundation for moving forward. At some sites, parties may need to take additional actions to ensure
reuses are compatible with site remedies.

Across Region 6, Superfund sites are now home to major commercial and industrial facilities, mid-size developments and
small businesses providing services to surrounding communities. EPA is committed to working with all stakeholders to
support the restoration and renewal of these sites as long-term assets.

EPA Superfund Redevelopment Resources

EPA Region 6 Superfund Redevelopment Coordinator
Casey Luckett | (214) 665-7393 | luckett.casev(53epa.gov

Superfund Sites in Reuse: find more information about Superfund sites in reuse

www.epa.gov/superfund-redevelopment/find-sites-reuse

EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse

www.epa.gov/superfund-redeveloprnent

EPA Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website: tools that address landowner liability concerns

www.epa.gov/enforcement/landowner-liabilitv-protections

Figure 22. Star Lake Canal Superfund site (Texas).

EPA REGION 6

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STATE REDEVELOPMENT
PROFILES

EPA REGION 6

23

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—

ARKANSAS

REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Arkansas. Arkansas has seven Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have
remained in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites
in reuse or continued use in Arkansas.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for seven businesses and organizations operating on four sites in reuse or continued use
in Arkansas.

Table 3. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Arkansas (2022)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Salesa

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$3 million

122

$8 million

In Continued Use

$12 million

$1 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

Totals

$15 million

142

$9 million

a While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This could be
attributed to a number of business conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every
organization that makes jobs data available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Arkansas. These sites span
19 property parcels and 371 acres.

Table 4. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Arkansas0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property

(3 sites)

Taxes (3 sites)

$1 million

$2 million

$3 million

$7,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied
from 2021 to 2022 for all data collected.

Did You Know?

Reuse planning efforts for the Vertac, Inc. site in Jacksonville,
Arkansas, led to remarkable reuse outcomes that support
various Jacksonville public services. Today, site uses include a fire
department training facility, police department shooting range,
a drive-through recycling center, office space and storage for the
city's Street Department and a public safety building.

Figure 23. Vertac, Inc. (Arkansas).

EPA REGION 6

-------
LOUISIANA
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Louisiana. Louisiana has 18 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse
or continued use in Louisiana.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 54 businesses and organizations operating on seven sites in reuse in Louisiana.

Table 5. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Louisiana (2022)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$5 million

$830,000

In Continued Use

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$30 million

594

$21 million

Totals

$35 million

613

$22 million

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Louisiana. These sites span
673 property parcels and 512 acres.

Table 6. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Louisiana"

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property

(7 sites)

(8 sites)

Taxes (8 sites)

$717,000

$1 million

$94 million

$2 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied
from 2021 to 2023.

Figure 24. Delatte Metals (Louisiana).

Did You Know?

During the 1960s, two battery recycling and smelting operations
were active at the Delatte Metals site in Ponchatoula, Louisiana.
After cleanup, EPA took the site off the Superfund program's NPL
in 2005. A metal recycling facility and a boat and diesel service
business are now active on site.

EPA REGION 6

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NEW MEXICO
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the New Mexico Environment Department to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in New Mexico. New Mexico has 13 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in
place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or
continued use in New Mexico.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 16 businesses and organizations operating on six sites in reuse or continued use in
New Mexico.

Table 7. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Mexico (2022)

Sites0

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$626,000

$224,000

In Continued Use

$36,000

$2 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$13 million

$3 million

Totals

$14 million

100

$5 million

a Two sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This could be
attributed to a number of business conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every
organization that makes jobs data available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for five Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in New Mexico. These sites span
31 property parcels and 269 acres.

Table 8. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Mexico°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property

(5 sites)

Taxes (5 sites)

$4 million

$3 million

$7 million

$90,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which was
2022 for all data collected.

Did You Know?

The Regional Housing Authority of Region 6, New Mexico is
located on the McGaffey and Main Groundwater Plume site
in Roswell, New Mexico. The Housing Authority helps build
partnerships with a range of stakeholders to develop more
affordable housing. The Housing Authority provides nearly
$500,000 in estimated employee income.

Figure 25. McGaffey and Main Groundwater Plume (New Mexico).

26 EPA REGION 6

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OKLAHOMA
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Oklahoma. Oklahoma has 13 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse
or continued use in Oklahoma.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 102 businesses and organizations operating on five sites in reuse or continued use in
Oklahoma.

Table 9. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Oklahoma (2022)

Sites°

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$19 million

100

$6 million

In Continued Use

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$408 million

1,465

$81 million

Total

102

$427 million

1,565

$87 million

a One site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Oklahoma. These sites span
68 property parcels and 381 acres.

Table 10. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Oklahoma°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property

(2 sites)

(3 sites)

Taxes (3 sites)

$508,000 $2 million $28 million $304,000

* The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied
from 2022 to 2023. In some cases the breakdown showing the land value and improvement value is not always available; only the total property
value may be available.

Did You Know?

The Tar Creek (Ottawa County) site in northeast Oklahoma
consists of areas affected by historical mining operations.
Cleanup across this large site has enabled agricultural,
commercial, public service and residential uses to continue and
facilitated new development. Today, site businesses employ
over 1,100 people. They contribute more than $53 million in
estimated annual employment income.

Figure 26. Tar Creek (Ottawa County) (Oklahoma),

EPA REGION 6

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TEXAS

REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Texas. Texas has 41 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before
cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or continued use in
Texas.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 88 businesses and organizations operating on 19 sites in reuse or continued use in
Texas.

Table 11. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Texas (2022)

Sites0

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses

Total Annual
Sales

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$104 million

443

$29 million

In Continued Use

$2 million

$820,000

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$190 million

1,744

$86 million

Total 41 19 88 $296 million 2,195 $116 million

a Two sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for 20 Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Texas. These sites span 2,402
property parcels and 3,706 acres.

Table 12. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Texas0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property

(20 sites)

Taxes (20 sites)

$268 million

$569 million

$837 million

$8 million

3 The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied
from 2022 to 2023.

Did You Know?

EPA placed the South Cavalcade Street site in Houston, Texas, on
the NPL in 1986. Commercial and industrial businesses, including
a trucking company, a car auction and a pallet supplier, are now
on site. These businesses employ over 200 people. They provide
over $14 million in estimated annual income and generate over
$65 million in estimated annual sales.

EPA REGION 6

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REUSE INFORMATION SOURCES

Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this profile are based on available EPA resources, including
Superfund Redevelopment Program case studies as well as other resources. Links to EPA's Superfund Redevelopment
Program case studies and other resources are included below.

EPA Resources

Agriculture Street Landfill. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/agriculture-street-landfill

Agriculture Street Landfill. 2022. Reuse Assessment. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100003050

American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant). EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/american-creosote-works-
winnfield

American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant). 2020. Fifth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/06/100020161

American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant). 2022. Site Redevelopment Profile, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/
HQ/100003137

Bayou Bonfouca. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/bavou-bonfouca
Bayou Bonfouca. 2018. Site Redevelopment Profile. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/403525
Bayou Bonfouca. 2021. Sixth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100024998
Conroe Creosoting. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/conroe-creosoting

Conroe Creosoting. 2022. Site Redevelopment Profile. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100003139

Conroe Creosoting. 2018. Third Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100010626

North Railroad Avenue Plume. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/north-railroad-avenue-plume

North Railroad Avenue Plume. 2022. Action Plan for Revitalization. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100003120

RSR Corporation. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/rsr-corporation

RSR Corporation. 2015. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/500018640
RSR Corporation. 2019. Site Redevelopment Profile. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100002106
RSR Corporation. 2020. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100022101
South Valley. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/south-vallev

South Valley. 2020. Sixth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100020260
Star Lake Canal. 2013. Record of Decision, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/693085
Tex-Tin Corp. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/tex-tin

EPA REGION 6

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Tex-Tin Corp. 2018. Supplemental Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100012032
Other Resources

Bayou Bonfouca. 2023. Slidell Municipal Marina, mvslidell.com/departments/public-operations/slidell-municipal-marina/

South Valley. 2021. Sunport Boulevard Extension & Interchange Project, www.bernco.gov/public-works/
blog/2021/04/16/sunport-boulevard-extension-interchange-proiect/

South Valley. 2023. Prominent ABQ Artist Picked for Sunport Blvd Extension Project, www.kob.com/new-mexico/
prominent-abq-artist-picked-for-sunport-blvd-extension-proiect/

Tex-Tin. 2005. Scenic Galveston Preserve Complex, www.gcbo.org/wp-content/partner-network/galveston.pdf
Tex-Tin. 2019. Texas Land Trust Council: Scenic Galveston, texaslandtrustcouncil.org/proiect/scenicgalveston/

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EPA REGION 6

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BUSINESS, JOBS, SALES AND
INCOME INFORMATION

Information on the number of employees and sales volume for on-site businesses comes from the Hoovers/Dun &
Bradstreet (D&B) (https://www.dnb.com) database. EPA also gathers information on businesses and corporations from
D&B. D&B maintains a database of over 330 million businesses worldwide.

When Hoovers/D&B research was unable to identify employment and sales volume for on-site businesses, EPA used
the ReferenceSolutions database (https://thereferencegroup.com). In cases where ReferenceUSA did not include
employment and sales volume for on-site businesses, EPA used the Manta database (https://www.manta.com).
The databases include data reported by businesses. Accordingly, some reported values might be underestimates or
overestimates. In some instances, business and employment information came from local newspaper articles and
discussions with local officials and business representatives. While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of
annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This can be attributed to a number of business
conditions and/or data reporting.

EPA obtained wage and income information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Part of the U.S. Department
of Labor, the BLS is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring labor market activity, working conditions and
price changes in the economy. All BLS data meet high standards of accuracy, statistical quality and impartiality.

EPA used the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database to obtain average weekly wage data for site
businesses. Average weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) codes for each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses in site counties. If weekly
wage data were not available at the county level, EPA sought wage data by state or national level, respectively. In cases
where wage data were not available for the six-digit NAICS code, EPA used higher-level (less-detailed) NAICS codes to
obtain the wage data.

To estimate the annual income earned from jobs at site businesses, EPA multiplied the average weekly wage figure by the
number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of jobs (employees) for each business.

Business and employment data used for this profile were collected in 2022. Estimated annual employment income was
calculated using 2022 jobs data and BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2021 (the latest available wage
data at the time of this profile). Federal facility sites are included in calculations of total sites in reuse or continued use
only. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other calculations (i.e., number of sites with businesses, number of
businesses, total jobs, total income and total annual sales). All sales and income figures presented have been rounded for
the convenience of the reader. Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not sum exactly to the
totals presented due to rounding.

PROPERTY VALUE AND TAX
INFORMATION

EPA collected on-site property values and property taxes included in this profile for a subset of Superfund sites by
comparing available site boundary information with available parcel boundary information and gathering information
for selected parcels from county assessor datasets. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value
year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2021 to 2023 where date information was
provided. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.

EPA REGION 6

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Back cover photos: Vertac Inc. (Arkansas), Fruit Avenue Plume (New Mexico), Pantex Plant (USDOE) (Texas),

Eagle-Picher Henryetta (Oklahoma), Star Lake Canal (Texas).

Any mention of trade names, manufacturers or products in this document and its appendices does not constitute an endorsement by
the United States Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA and its employees do not endorse any commercial

products, services or entities.

EPA REGION 6

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

Region 6

1210 Elm Street, Suite 500
Dallas, Texas 75270

October 2023

www.epa.aov/abouteDa/epa-reaion-6-south-central

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