Fast Facts

1990-2019

National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory

Transportation	Electricity

2019 Total Emissions

industry

2018-2019 Change

6/558 million metrictonsofC02equivalent

*

-1.7%

total emissions

C02 emissions from
fossil fuel combustion:

C02 removals by forests
and other lands:

*

-2.2%

C02 emissions

74.1%

of total emissions

12.4%

of total emissions

*

-2.7%

C02 emissions from fossil
fuel combustion

Agriculture	Commercial Residential

1990-2019 Change

^ 1.8% total
t 2.8% C(v
* 2.6%

C02emissions from fossil
fuel combustion

"• ; .





* Percentages may not add to 100% due to independent rounding and the way the inventory qualifies U.S. territories (not shown) as a separate sector.

Emissions from Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry are reported separately and not shown in the figure.

To learn more about the inventory, visit www.epa.aov/qhqemissions/inventorv-us-qreenhouse-aas-emissions-and-sinks.
or explore the data at https://cfpub.epa.qov/qhgdata/inventorvexplorer.

v>EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

April 2021
EPA 430-F-21-011


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U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

by Gas

000-
000-
000-
000-
000-
000-
000-
000-

l HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3
I Methane

Nitrous Oxide
Carbon Dioxide

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks

by Chapter/IPCC Sector



8,000-1



7,000-

D"

6,000-

O™

5,000-

0





4,000-

F



S

3,000-



2,000-



1,000-

I Waste Industrial Processes

Energy I Land Use, Land-Use Change,
and Forestry (sinks)

Agriculture

1,000—1
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2019 U.S.CO2 Emissions

from Fossil Fuel Combustion by
Fuel Type and End-Use Sector

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Coal

2,000
1,600-
1,200-
800-
400
0

Relative Contribution	1817

by Fuel Type	1,606

250	337

js			



~

/

V «/



Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0.5 Tg CO, Eq. from
geothermal-based electricity generation.

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Allocated to Economic Sectors

I Residential I Commercial ¦ Agriculture
Industry ¦ Electric Power Industry ¦ Transportation

000
000-
000
000-
000
000-
000-
000
0

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector.

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

with Electricity Distributed to
Economic Sectors

I Agriculture
I Transportation

I Residential
Industry

Commercial

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector.

* Additional sources that do not exceed 0.05 MMT CO; Eq. in all listed years:
CO;: Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells, Magnesium Production and Processing, Carbon
Capture and Storage.

CH4: Carbide Production and Consumption, Iron and Steel Production and
Metallurgical Coke Production, Ferroalloy Production, Incineration of Waste.
N;0: Natural Gas Systems, Petroleum Systems
Unspecified Mix of HFCs and PFCs: Electronics Industry.

+ Does not exceed 0.05 MMT CO, Eq.

0 Emissions from Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumption are not included
specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes in
biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for land use, land-use
change, and forestry.

b Emissions from international bunker fuels are not included in totals.

LULUCF emissions of CH4 and N,0 are reported separately from gross emissions totals.
d Total gross emissions exclude the land use, land-use change, and forestry category.
Net emissions include this category.

Note: Totals may not sum due to independent rounding.

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT C02 Equivalents)

Gas/Source*

1990



2005



2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

O
O

5,113.5

6,134.5

5,371.8

5,248.0

5,207.8

5,375.5

5,255.8 1

Fossil Fuel Combustion 4,731.5



5,753.5



5,008.3 4,911.5 4,854.5 4,991.4 4,856.7

Transportation

1,469.1



1,858.6



1,719.2

1,759.9

1,782.4

1,816.6

1,817.2

Electric Power Sector 1,820.0



2,400.1



1,900.6 1,808.9 1,732.0 1,752.9 1,606.0

Industrial

853.8



852.9



797.3

792.5

790.1

813.6

822.5

Residential 338.6



358.9



317.3 292.8 293.4 338.1 336.8

Commercial

228.3



227.1



244.6

231.6

232.0

245.7

249.7

U.S. Territories 21.7



55.9



29.2 26.0 24.6 24.6 24.6

Non-Energy Use of Fuels

112.8



129.1



108.5

99.8

113.5

129.7

128.8

Petroleum Systems 9.7



12.1



32.4 21.8 25.0 37.1 47.3

Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical Coke Production

104.7



70.1



47.9

43.6

40.6

42.6

41.3

Cement Production 33.5



46.2



39.9 39.4 40.3 39.0 40.9

Natural Gas Systems

32.0



25.2



29.1

30.1

31.2

33.9

37.2

Petrochemical Production 21.6



27.4



28.1 28.3 28.9 29.3 30.8

Ammonia Production 13.0



9.2



10.6 10.2 11.1 12.2 12.3

Lime Production 11.7



14.6



13.3 12.6 12.9 13.1 12.1

Incineration of Waste 8.1



12.7



11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5

Other Process Uses of Carbonates 6.3



7.6



12.2 11.0 9.9 7.5 7.5

Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes 3.8



3.7



4.6 5.1 5.0 5.9 6.2

Urea Fertilization 2.4



3.5



4.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.3

Carbon Dioxide Consumption 1.5



1.4



4.9 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.9

Liming 4.7



4.3



3.7 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.4

Aluminum Production 6.8



4.1



2.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.9

Soda Ash Production 1.4



1.7



1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8

Ferroalloy Production 2.2



1.4



2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6

Titanium Dioxide Production 1.2



1.8



1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

Glass Production 1.5



1.9



1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

Zinc Production 0.6



1.0



0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

Phosphoric Acid Production 1.5



1.3



1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Lead Production 0.5



0.6



0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Carbide Production and Consumption 0.4



0.2



0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumption" 219.4



230.7



317.7 316.6 312.3 319.6 316.2

International Bunker Fuelsb

103.5



113.2



II 0.9

116.6

120.1

122.1

116.1

CH/

4

776.9



686.1



651.5

642.4

648.4

655.9

659.7

Enteric Fermentation

164.7



169.3



166.9

172.2

175.8

178.0

178.6

Natural Gas Systems 186.9



164.2



149.8 147.3 148.7 152.5 157.6

Landfills

176.6



131.4



111.4

108.0

109.4

112.1

114.5

Manure Management 37.1



51.6



57.9 59.6 59.9 61.7 62.4

Coal Mining

96.5



64.1



61.2

53.8

54.8

52.7

47.4

Petroleum Systems 48.9



39.5



41.5 39.2 39.3 37.3 39.1

Wastewater Treatment

20.2



20.1



18.8

18.7

18.5

18.4

18.4

Rice Cultivation 16.0



18.0



16.2 15.8 14.9 15.6 15.1

Stationary Combustion

8.6



7.8



8.5

7.9

7.6

8.5

8.7

Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells 6.8



7.2



7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3 6.6

Abandoned Underground Coal Mines

7.2



6.6



6.4

6.7

6.4

6.2

5.9

Mobile Combustion 6.4



4.0



2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4

Composting

0.4



1.9



2.1

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.4



0.4



0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Petrochemical Production

0.2



0.1



0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

Anaerobic Digestion at Biogas Facilities +



0.1



0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

International Bunker Fuelsb

0.2



O.J



0.1

0.1

0.1

O.J

O.J

N20';

452.7



455.8



468.2

450.8

446.3

459.2

457.1

Agricultural Soil Management

315.9



313.4



348.5

330.1

327.6

338.2

344.6

Wastewater Treatment 18.7



23.0



25.4 25.9 26.4 26.1 26.4

Stationary Combustion

25.1



34.4



30.5

30.0

28.4

28.2

24.9

Manure Management 14.0



16.4



17.5 18.1 18.7 19.4 19.6

Mobile Combustion

44.7



41.6



21.7

20.8

19.8

18.8

18.0

NitricAcid Production 12.1



11.3



11.6 10.1 9.3 9.6 10.0

AdipicAcid Production

15.2



7.1



4.3

7.0

7.4

10.3

5.3

N;0 from Product Uses 4.2



4.2



4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

Composting

0.3



1.7



1.9

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.0

Caprolactam.Glyoxal.and GlyoxylicAcid Production 1.7



2.1



1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4

Incineration of Waste

0.5



0.4



0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

Electronics Industry +



0.1



0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

0.2



0.2



0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

International Bunker Fuels'-' 0.9



1.0



1.0 1.0 I.I I.I 1.0

HFCs, PFCs, SF«, and NF3

99.7



146.6



179.6

179.1

180.9

180.8

185.7
174.6

HFCs

46.5

127.5

168.3

168.1

170.3

169.8

Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances

0.2



107.3



163.6

164.9

164.7

166.0

170.5

HCFC-22 Production 46.1



20.0



4.3 2.8 5.2 3.3 3.7

Electronics Industry

0.2



0.2



0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.3

Magnesium Production and Processing +



+



0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

PFCs

24.3



6.7



5.2

4.4

4.1

4.7

4.5

Electronics Industry 2.8



3.3



3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7

Aluminum Production 21.5



3.4



2.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8

Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances +



+



+ + + 0.1 0.1

SF«

28.8



11.8



5.5

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.9

Electrical Transmission and Distribution 23.2



8.4



3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2

Magnesium Production and Processing 5.2



2.7



1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9

Electronics Industry 0.5



0.7



0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

nf3

+



0.5



0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

Electronics Industry

+



0.5



0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

Total Emissions'1

6,442.7

7,423.

9

6,671.1

6,520.3

6,483.3

6,671.4

6,558.3

LULUCF Emissions 7.9

16.8

27.8 13.2 26.0 23.4 23.5

LULUCF CH4 Emissions 5.0



9.3



16.6 7.7 15.3 13.8 13.8

LULUCF N20 Emissions 3.0



7.5



11.3 5.5 10.6 9.7 9.7

LULUCF Carbon Stock Change (908.7)



(804.8)



(791.7) (856.0) (792.0) (824.9) (812.7)

LULUCF Sector Net Total (900.8)



(788.1)



(763.8) (842.8) (766.1) (801.4) (789.2)

Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks)

5,541.9

6,635.

9









5,769.1



_



¦

_







¦AifeM




-------
Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time Horizon)

CO,, 1

ch4

25

n2o

298

HFC-23

14,800

HFC-32

675

HFC-43-10mee

1,640

HFC-125

3,500

HFC-134a

1,430

HFC-143a

4,470

HFC-152a

124

HFC-227ea

3,220

HFC-236fa

9,810

u_

O

7,390



12,200

CO

u_

o°

8,830

%

8,860



10,300

IPs

9,160

fe

9,300

*0
LI-

CO

22,800

NFj

17,200

Global warming potential (GWP) is defined as
the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas
over a specified time horizon resulting from
the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a
reference gas.The GWP-weighted emissions of
direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory
are presented in terms of equivalent emissions
of carbon dioxide (GO^'using units of million
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMT
CQ,Eq.).

Conversion:

1 million metric tons = 106 metric tons = 1(? kg.
The molecular weight of carbon is 12, and the
molecular weight of oxygen is 16; therefore, the
molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 12 + [16 x
2]), as compared to 12 for carbon alone.Thus,
the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is
12/44,'

Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents:

(¦ Gg \	/ rami \

ofgasjx(GWP)x(l,000Ggj

Source:

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)

* See Annex 6 of EPA's Inventory report for
information about the full list of gases in the
Inventory.



1

Energy Units

Btu

British thermal unit

1 Btu

MBtu

Thousand Btu

1 x 103Btu

MMBtu

Million Btu

1 x 1W Btu

BBtu

Billion Btu

1 x 1 fi1 Btu

TBtu

Trillion Btu

1 x 10K Btu

QBtu

Quadrillion Btu

1 x 10® Btu

For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID
data at www.epa.aov/enerav/earid.

For other related information, see www.epa.aov/ahaemissions and
https://unfccc.int.

Carbon Information

Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type

The values in this table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents.
These factors can be used as default factors, if local data are not available.

Fuel Type

Heat Content

Carbon (C) Content
Coefficients

Carbon Dioxide (CO.)
per Physical Unit

Solid Fuels

Million Btu/MetricTon

kg C/Million Btu

kg C02/MetricTon

Anthracite Coal

24.88

28.28

2,579.9

Bituminous Coai

26.33

25.41

2,453.2

Sub-bituminous Coal

18.89

26.49

1,834.8

Lignite

14.19

26.75

1,391.8

Coking Coal

31.56

25.59

2,961.3

Gas Fuels

Btu/Cubic Foot

kg C/Miliion Btu

kg CO/Cubic Foot

Natural Gas

1,038

14.43

0.0549

Liquid Fuels

Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel

kg C/Million Btu

kg CO./Petroleum Barrel

Motor Gasoline

5.05

19.27

356.8

Distillate Fuel Oil

5.83

20.22

432.2

Residual Fuel Oil

6.29

20.48

472.3

Jet Fuel

5.67

19.70

409.6

Aviation Gasoline

5.05

18.86

349.2

HGL

3.89

17.47

249.2

Kerosene

5.67

19.96

415.0

Still Gas

6.29

18.20

419.8

Petroleum Coke

6.13

27.85

626.0

Pentanes Plus

4.64

18.24

310.3

Propane

3.84

17.15

241.5

Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 2019 U.S. average values, t*
calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). FIGL=hydrocarbon gas liquids.

factors are presented in gross

;auaiLL



Unit Conversions

1 pound

= 0.454 kilograms

= 16 ounces



1 kilogram

= 2.205 pounds

= 35.27 ounces



1 short ton

= 0.9072 metric tons

= 2,000 pounds



1 cubic foot

= 0.02832 cubic meters

= 28.3168 liters



1 cubic meter

= 35.315 cubic feet

= 1,000 liters



1 U.S. gallon

= 3.78541 liters

= 0.03175 barrels

= 0.02381 barrels petroleum

1 liter

= 0.2642 U.S. gallons

= 0.0084 barrels

= 0.0063 barrels petroleum

1 barrel

= 31.5 U.S. gallons

= 119 liters

= 0.75 barrels petroleum

1 barrel petroleum

= 42 U.S. gallons

= 159 liters



1 mile

= 1.609 kilometers

= 5,280 feet



1 kilometer

= 0.6214 miles

= 3,280.84 feet



1 square mile

= 2.590 square kilometers

= 640 acres



1 square kilometer

= 0.386 square miles

= 100 hectares



1 acre

= 43,560 square feet

= 0.4047 hectares

= 4,047 square meters


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