Fast Facts 1990-2019 National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Transportation Electricity 2019 Total Emissions industry 2018-2019 Change 6/558 million metrictonsofC02equivalent * -1.7% total emissions C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion: C02 removals by forests and other lands: * -2.2% C02 emissions 74.1% of total emissions 12.4% of total emissions * -2.7% C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion Agriculture Commercial Residential 1990-2019 Change ^ 1.8% total t 2.8% C(v * 2.6% C02emissions from fossil fuel combustion "• ; . * Percentages may not add to 100% due to independent rounding and the way the inventory qualifies U.S. territories (not shown) as a separate sector. Emissions from Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry are reported separately and not shown in the figure. To learn more about the inventory, visit www.epa.aov/qhqemissions/inventorv-us-qreenhouse-aas-emissions-and-sinks. or explore the data at https://cfpub.epa.qov/qhgdata/inventorvexplorer. v>EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency April 2021 EPA 430-F-21-011 ------- U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas 000- 000- 000- 000- 000- 000- 000- 000- l HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 I Methane Nitrous Oxide Carbon Dioxide 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks by Chapter/IPCC Sector 8,000-1 7,000- D" 6,000- O™ 5,000- 0 4,000- F S 3,000- 2,000- 1,000- I Waste Industrial Processes Energy I Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (sinks) Agriculture 1,000—1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 U.S.CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector Petroleum Natural Gas Coal 2,000 1,600- 1,200- 800- 400 0 Relative Contribution 1817 by Fuel Type 1,606 250 337 js ~ / V «/ Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0.5 Tg CO, Eq. from geothermal-based electricity generation. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allocated to Economic Sectors I Residential I Commercial ¦ Agriculture Industry ¦ Electric Power Industry ¦ Transportation 000 000- 000 000- 000 000- 000- 000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions with Electricity Distributed to Economic Sectors I Agriculture I Transportation I Residential Industry Commercial 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector. * Additional sources that do not exceed 0.05 MMT CO; Eq. in all listed years: CO;: Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells, Magnesium Production and Processing, Carbon Capture and Storage. CH4: Carbide Production and Consumption, Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production, Ferroalloy Production, Incineration of Waste. N;0: Natural Gas Systems, Petroleum Systems Unspecified Mix of HFCs and PFCs: Electronics Industry. + Does not exceed 0.05 MMT CO, Eq. 0 Emissions from Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumption are not included specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes in biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for land use, land-use change, and forestry. b Emissions from international bunker fuels are not included in totals. LULUCF emissions of CH4 and N,0 are reported separately from gross emissions totals. d Total gross emissions exclude the land use, land-use change, and forestry category. Net emissions include this category. Note: Totals may not sum due to independent rounding. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT C02 Equivalents) Gas/Source* 1990 2005 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 O O 5,113.5 6,134.5 5,371.8 5,248.0 5,207.8 5,375.5 5,255.8 1 Fossil Fuel Combustion 4,731.5 5,753.5 5,008.3 4,911.5 4,854.5 4,991.4 4,856.7 Transportation 1,469.1 1,858.6 1,719.2 1,759.9 1,782.4 1,816.6 1,817.2 Electric Power Sector 1,820.0 2,400.1 1,900.6 1,808.9 1,732.0 1,752.9 1,606.0 Industrial 853.8 852.9 797.3 792.5 790.1 813.6 822.5 Residential 338.6 358.9 317.3 292.8 293.4 338.1 336.8 Commercial 228.3 227.1 244.6 231.6 232.0 245.7 249.7 U.S. Territories 21.7 55.9 29.2 26.0 24.6 24.6 24.6 Non-Energy Use of Fuels 112.8 129.1 108.5 99.8 113.5 129.7 128.8 Petroleum Systems 9.7 12.1 32.4 21.8 25.0 37.1 47.3 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical Coke Production 104.7 70.1 47.9 43.6 40.6 42.6 41.3 Cement Production 33.5 46.2 39.9 39.4 40.3 39.0 40.9 Natural Gas Systems 32.0 25.2 29.1 30.1 31.2 33.9 37.2 Petrochemical Production 21.6 27.4 28.1 28.3 28.9 29.3 30.8 Ammonia Production 13.0 9.2 10.6 10.2 11.1 12.2 12.3 Lime Production 11.7 14.6 13.3 12.6 12.9 13.1 12.1 Incineration of Waste 8.1 12.7 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 Other Process Uses of Carbonates 6.3 7.6 12.2 11.0 9.9 7.5 7.5 Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes 3.8 3.7 4.6 5.1 5.0 5.9 6.2 Urea Fertilization 2.4 3.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.3 Carbon Dioxide Consumption 1.5 1.4 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.9 Liming 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.4 Aluminum Production 6.8 4.1 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.9 Soda Ash Production 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 Ferroalloy Production 2.2 1.4 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6 Titanium Dioxide Production 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 Glass Production 1.5 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 Zinc Production 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 Phosphoric Acid Production 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 Lead Production 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Carbide Production and Consumption 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumption" 219.4 230.7 317.7 316.6 312.3 319.6 316.2 International Bunker Fuelsb 103.5 113.2 II 0.9 116.6 120.1 122.1 116.1 CH/ 4 776.9 686.1 651.5 642.4 648.4 655.9 659.7 Enteric Fermentation 164.7 169.3 166.9 172.2 175.8 178.0 178.6 Natural Gas Systems 186.9 164.2 149.8 147.3 148.7 152.5 157.6 Landfills 176.6 131.4 111.4 108.0 109.4 112.1 114.5 Manure Management 37.1 51.6 57.9 59.6 59.9 61.7 62.4 Coal Mining 96.5 64.1 61.2 53.8 54.8 52.7 47.4 Petroleum Systems 48.9 39.5 41.5 39.2 39.3 37.3 39.1 Wastewater Treatment 20.2 20.1 18.8 18.7 18.5 18.4 18.4 Rice Cultivation 16.0 18.0 16.2 15.8 14.9 15.6 15.1 Stationary Combustion 8.6 7.8 8.5 7.9 7.6 8.5 8.7 Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells 6.8 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3 6.6 Abandoned Underground Coal Mines 7.2 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.9 Mobile Combustion 6.4 4.0 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 Composting 0.4 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Petrochemical Production 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Anaerobic Digestion at Biogas Facilities + 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 International Bunker Fuelsb 0.2 O.J 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.J O.J N20'; 452.7 455.8 468.2 450.8 446.3 459.2 457.1 Agricultural Soil Management 315.9 313.4 348.5 330.1 327.6 338.2 344.6 Wastewater Treatment 18.7 23.0 25.4 25.9 26.4 26.1 26.4 Stationary Combustion 25.1 34.4 30.5 30.0 28.4 28.2 24.9 Manure Management 14.0 16.4 17.5 18.1 18.7 19.4 19.6 Mobile Combustion 44.7 41.6 21.7 20.8 19.8 18.8 18.0 NitricAcid Production 12.1 11.3 11.6 10.1 9.3 9.6 10.0 AdipicAcid Production 15.2 7.1 4.3 7.0 7.4 10.3 5.3 N;0 from Product Uses 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 Composting 0.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 Caprolactam.Glyoxal.and GlyoxylicAcid Production 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 Incineration of Waste 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Electronics Industry + 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 International Bunker Fuels'-' 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 I.I I.I 1.0 HFCs, PFCs, SF«, and NF3 99.7 146.6 179.6 179.1 180.9 180.8 185.7 174.6 HFCs 46.5 127.5 168.3 168.1 170.3 169.8 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances 0.2 107.3 163.6 164.9 164.7 166.0 170.5 HCFC-22 Production 46.1 20.0 4.3 2.8 5.2 3.3 3.7 Electronics Industry 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 Magnesium Production and Processing + + 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 PFCs 24.3 6.7 5.2 4.4 4.1 4.7 4.5 Electronics Industry 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 Aluminum Production 21.5 3.4 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances + + + + + 0.1 0.1 SF« 28.8 11.8 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.9 Electrical Transmission and Distribution 23.2 8.4 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2 Magnesium Production and Processing 5.2 2.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 Electronics Industry 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 nf3 + 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Electronics Industry + 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Total Emissions'1 6,442.7 7,423. 9 6,671.1 6,520.3 6,483.3 6,671.4 6,558.3 LULUCF Emissions 7.9 16.8 27.8 13.2 26.0 23.4 23.5 LULUCF CH4 Emissions 5.0 9.3 16.6 7.7 15.3 13.8 13.8 LULUCF N20 Emissions 3.0 7.5 11.3 5.5 10.6 9.7 9.7 LULUCF Carbon Stock Change (908.7) (804.8) (791.7) (856.0) (792.0) (824.9) (812.7) LULUCF Sector Net Total (900.8) (788.1) (763.8) (842.8) (766.1) (801.4) (789.2) Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks) 5,541.9 6,635. 9 5,769.1 _ ¦ _ ¦AifeM ------- Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time Horizon) CO,, 1 ch4 25 n2o 298 HFC-23 14,800 HFC-32 675 HFC-43-10mee 1,640 HFC-125 3,500 HFC-134a 1,430 HFC-143a 4,470 HFC-152a 124 HFC-227ea 3,220 HFC-236fa 9,810 u_ O 7,390 12,200 CO u_ o° 8,830 % 8,860 10,300 IPs 9,160 fe 9,300 *0 LI- CO 22,800 NFj 17,200 Global warming potential (GWP) is defined as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a reference gas.The GWP-weighted emissions of direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (GO^'using units of million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMT CQ,Eq.). Conversion: 1 million metric tons = 106 metric tons = 1(? kg. The molecular weight of carbon is 12, and the molecular weight of oxygen is 16; therefore, the molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 12 + [16 x 2]), as compared to 12 for carbon alone.Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is 12/44,' Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents: (¦ Gg \ / rami \ ofgasjx(GWP)x(l,000Ggj Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) * See Annex 6 of EPA's Inventory report for information about the full list of gases in the Inventory. 1 Energy Units Btu British thermal unit 1 Btu MBtu Thousand Btu 1 x 103Btu MMBtu Million Btu 1 x 1W Btu BBtu Billion Btu 1 x 1 fi1 Btu TBtu Trillion Btu 1 x 10K Btu QBtu Quadrillion Btu 1 x 10® Btu For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID data at www.epa.aov/enerav/earid. For other related information, see www.epa.aov/ahaemissions and https://unfccc.int. Carbon Information Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type The values in this table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents. These factors can be used as default factors, if local data are not available. Fuel Type Heat Content Carbon (C) Content Coefficients Carbon Dioxide (CO.) per Physical Unit Solid Fuels Million Btu/MetricTon kg C/Million Btu kg C02/MetricTon Anthracite Coal 24.88 28.28 2,579.9 Bituminous Coai 26.33 25.41 2,453.2 Sub-bituminous Coal 18.89 26.49 1,834.8 Lignite 14.19 26.75 1,391.8 Coking Coal 31.56 25.59 2,961.3 Gas Fuels Btu/Cubic Foot kg C/Miliion Btu kg CO/Cubic Foot Natural Gas 1,038 14.43 0.0549 Liquid Fuels Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel kg C/Million Btu kg CO./Petroleum Barrel Motor Gasoline 5.05 19.27 356.8 Distillate Fuel Oil 5.83 20.22 432.2 Residual Fuel Oil 6.29 20.48 472.3 Jet Fuel 5.67 19.70 409.6 Aviation Gasoline 5.05 18.86 349.2 HGL 3.89 17.47 249.2 Kerosene 5.67 19.96 415.0 Still Gas 6.29 18.20 419.8 Petroleum Coke 6.13 27.85 626.0 Pentanes Plus 4.64 18.24 310.3 Propane 3.84 17.15 241.5 Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 2019 U.S. average values, t* calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). FIGL=hydrocarbon gas liquids. factors are presented in gross ;auaiLL Unit Conversions 1 pound = 0.454 kilograms = 16 ounces 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds = 35.27 ounces 1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons = 2,000 pounds 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meters = 28.3168 liters 1 cubic meter = 35.315 cubic feet = 1,000 liters 1 U.S. gallon = 3.78541 liters = 0.03175 barrels = 0.02381 barrels petroleum 1 liter = 0.2642 U.S. gallons = 0.0084 barrels = 0.0063 barrels petroleum 1 barrel = 31.5 U.S. gallons = 119 liters = 0.75 barrels petroleum 1 barrel petroleum = 42 U.S. gallons = 159 liters 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers = 5,280 feet 1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles = 3,280.84 feet 1 square mile = 2.590 square kilometers = 640 acres 1 square kilometer = 0.386 square miles = 100 hectares 1 acre = 43,560 square feet = 0.4047 hectares = 4,047 square meters ------- |