Industrial Materials Recycling Tools and Resources February 2011 Third Edition


v»EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Industrial Materials Recycling
Tools & Resources

February 2011
Third Edition

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products,
process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not
necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the
United States Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Table of Contents

Table of Acronyms	3

I.	Overview of Industrial Materials Recycling	5

II.	Industrial Materials 101	6

A.	Coal Combustion Products	6

B.	Construction & Demolition (C&D) Materials	10

C.	Foundry Sands	12

D.	Pulp and Paper Byproducts	13

E.	Scrap Tires	13

F.	Blast and Steel Furnace Slags	14

III.	State Beneficial Use Regulations, Programs; and Risk Assessment Resources	14

IV.	Environmental and Economic Benefits Resources	22

V.	Industrial Materials Recycling - Applications and Specifications	24

A.	Recycling and Reuse of Industrial Materials in Buildings	24

Material-specific information	24

Sample contract language and project specifications	25

Standard Specifications	25

Green Building Resources	28

Case Studies - Buildings	30

B.	Recycling and Reuse of Industrial Materials in Roadways	33

U.S. EPA, Federal Highway Administration, & AASHTO Resources	33

Federal Highway Administration Policy and Technical Advisories	36

Standard/Specifications	36

State Specifications/Provisions on Recycling Technology	37

Reources for Assessing Risk in Roadway Environments	39

Case Studies -Roadways and Other Infrastructure	40

Green Highways	44

C.	Recycling and Reusing Industrial Materials in Agricultural &	45

Horticultural Applications	45

D.	Other Specifications and Standards Resources	49

VI.	Finding Industrial Material Suppliers	49

VII.	Locating C&D Materials Recyclers	50

VIII.Locating	Potential End-Users	51

IX.	Industrial Materials Recycling in the News	51

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Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Table of Acronyms

AASHTO

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACAA

American Coal Ash Association

ACI

American Concrete Institute

ACPA

American Concrete Paving Association

AFS

American Foundry Society

AGC

Associated General Contractors of America

ARRA

Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association

ARS

Agricultural Research Service

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTSWMO

Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials

BEES

Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability

BenReMod

Beneficial Reuse Model

BUD

Beneficial Use Determination

C&D

Construction and Demolition

C2P2

Coal Combustion Products Partnership

CBRC

Combustion Byproducts Recycling Consortium

CCA

Chromated Copper Arsenate

CCP

Coal Combustion Products

CICA

Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center

CIR

Cold In-Place Recycling

CIWMB

California Integrated Waste Management Board

CMRA

Construction Materials Recycling Association

CPG

Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines

CUB

Coal Utilization Byproducts

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DOT

Department of Transportation

EERC

Energy and Environmental Research Center

EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPP

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing

ERP

Energy Resources Program

FGD

Flue Gas Desulfurization

FHWA

Federal Highway Administration

FIRST

Foundry Industry Recycling Starts Today

GHG

Greenhouse Gas

GSA

U.S. General Service Administration

HBN

Healthy Building Network

IMR

Industrial Materials Recycling

InDOT

Indiana Department of Transportation

IRC

Industrial Resources Council

IWEM

Industrial Waste Evaluation Model

JTR

Jobs Through Recycling

LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

3

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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NCASI

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc.

NDA

National Demolition Association

NEWMOA

Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association

NRC

National Recycling Coalition

NRMCA

National Ready Mixed Concrete Association

NSA

National Slag Association

osw

Office of Solid Waste

PaLATE

Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and
Economic Effects

RCC

Resource Conservation Challenge

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RMA

Rubber Manufacturers Association

RMRC

Recycled Materials Resource Center

SCA

Slag Cement Association

SFO

Solicitations for Offers

TPM

Technical Performance Measures

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

USGBC

U.S. Green Building Council

USGS

U.S. Geological Survey

WaRM

Waste Reduction Model

WBDG

Whole Building Design Guide

WisDOT

Wisconsin Department of Transportation

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Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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I. Overview of Industrial Materials Recycling

U.S. EPA Industrial Materials Recycling (IMR) Program

Homepage for the Industrial Materials Recycling Program that provides a general overview of
industrial materials and their opportunities for reuse and recycling.
www.epa.gov/industrialmaterials/

The Industrial Resources Council (IRC)

The IRC is a collaboration of seven manufacturing industry associations working under the
umbrella of the National Recycling Coalition to promote the appropriate beneficial use of
materials generated by the nation's manufacturing sector. These industry trade associations
represent coal combustion products, foundry sands, iron and steel slag, wood and pulp materials,
rubber materials, and construction and demolition materials. The IRC's website provides
comprehensive technical information on utilizing industrial materials in various road
construction applications, including structural fill, embankments, road base, etc.
http://www.industrialresourcescouncil.org/

Overview of the Industrial Resources Council

Presentation by Kate Krebs, Executive Director of the National Recycling Coalition (NRC), to
EPA January 23, 2007, provides an introduction to the NRC's newly formed Industrial
Resources Council.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/01-nrc.pdf
Beneficial Use of Industrial Materials Summit

The Summit is an annual meeting designed to serve as a forum for information exchange about
the recycling and beneficial use of industrial materials between regulators and industry. The
website for the Summit provides links to past summit agendas, speaker biographies, and
presentations under the tab for "Past Summits" and other diverse information and resources
addressing recycling and beneficially using industrial materials, www.beneficialusesummit.com

Beneficial Use Portal

The National Center for Manufacturing Sciences developed a compact, content-rich resource
covering the beneficial use of many industrial byproducts. This new website contains news
articles, an on-line library, links to related federal government and organizational web resources.
This tool was developed under a grant with EPA's National Compliance Assistance Centers
program, http://www.beneficialuseportal.org/

U.S. EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG)

Contains information and links to construction and transportation products containing recycled
content. Although the CPGs are primarily for federal procuring agencies, the information is
useful to state and local governments and the private sector. You also can also view EPA's
recommended recycled-content ranges and access a Supplier Database which includes
manufacturers, vendors, and suppliers for each item, www.epa.gov/cpg/products.htm

5

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Beneficial Reuse of Industrial Byproducts in the Gulf Coast Region

This U.S. EPA report examines the beneficial use opportunities for the major industrial
byproduct streams generated by 9 sectors that have significant presence in the Gulf coast region.
The report summarizes state beneficial material reuse programs in that region, and offers a
detailed summary of factors that support or inhibit the creation of market connections to the
reuse of industrial byproducts (i.e., drivers & barriers). The report is intended to provide
information to state and federal regulators, trade associations, and other stakeholders to support
and promote beneficial material reuse, http://www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/beneficial-reuse-
report.pdf

II. Industrial Materials 101

A. Coal Combustion Products

U.S. EPA Coal Combustion Products Partnership (C2P2) Homepage

EPA has suspended active participation in the Coal Combustion Products Partnership
program while we are taking and assessing comment on the beneficial use of coal
combustion residuals (CCR) through the CCR proposed rulemaking. While the Agency
continues to support safe and protective beneficial reuse of coal combustion residues, the
C2P2 program web pages have been removed while the program is being re-evaluated.
Materials previously posted on the C2P2 website that are relevant for EPA's proposal to
regulate disposal of CCRs are still available to the public.

To access the materials:

1. Go to regulations.gov

2. In the Keyword or ID search box enter the proposal's docket number: EPA-
HQ-RCRA-2009-0640, and

3. Press Enter' on your keyboard or 'Search' on the webpage.

U.S. Department of Energy Coal Utilization Byproducts (CUB) Homepages

DOE's Coal Utilization Byproduct Program website includes information on their CUB
utilization and environmental research projects. The Coal Utilization Byproduct
Research website contains a list of research and development projects funded by DOE
addressing coal, petroleum, and natural gas topics. Both these Websites provide
information on DOE's efforts to ensure that as the electric power industry continues to
adopt cleaner and more advanced coal technologies, the recycling of coal combustion
byproducts in beneficial applications can continue and expand.

Coal Utilization Byproducts Program

www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/ewr/coal utilization byproducts/index
.html

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Coal Utilization Byproduct Research

www.fossil.energv.gov/programs/powersvstems/pollutioncontrols/overview coal
byproducts.html

National Technology Laboratory Database of State Regulations Affecting
Disposal and Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products

Contains summary information on current regulations in each state, drawn from
the American Coal Ash Association's biannual report State Solid Waste
Regulations Governing the Use of Coal Combustion Byproducts.
www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/ewr/coal utilization byproducts/states
/stateregs.html

American Coal Ash Association (ACAA)

The ACAA is a not-for profit 501(c) (6) organization that promotes the beneficial use of
coal combustion products (CCPs). www.acaa-usa.org/

Coal Combustion Products Basics

Presentation by David Goss, Executive Director, American Coal Ash Association, to U.S.
EPA January 23, 2007, provides information on the production of CCPs and their
recycling and beneficial use applications.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/05-coal.pdf

American Coal Ash Association's Compilation of Regulations, Standards,
Guidelines, Websites, and Other References Pertinent

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/acaadoc.pdf

Coal Ash Research Center at the University of North Dakota Energy &
Environmental Research Center (EERC)

The Coal Ash Research Center is dedicated to improving the technical and economic
aspects of coal ash by-product management. Their website provides educational and
technical resources for utilizing coal combustion products, such as state environmental
and transportation regulations and the Buyer's Guide to Coal Ash Containing Products.
www, undeerc. org/ carrc/i ndex. html

Review of State Regulations, Standards, and Practices related to the Use of
Coal Combustion Products

The EERC conducted a series of state reviews sponsored by the U.S. EPA and
U.S. DOE that examines a specific state's experience in addressing the beneficial
use of coal combustion products:

Review of North Dakota Regulations, Standards, and Practices
Related to the Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, April
2008 http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-
2009-0640-3118.4

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Review of Pennsylvania Regulations, Standards, and Practices
Related to the Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, March
2007 http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/TDB-PAState.pdf

Review of Florida Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to

the Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, April 2006
www, undeerc. org/carrc/ As set s/TB -FL StateRevi ewF inal. pdf

Review of Texas Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the
Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, January 2005
www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/TXStateReviewFinalReport.pdf

National Synthesis Report on Regulations, Standards, and Practices
Related to the Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report,
December 2007

Following the completion of the series of individual state reviews, EERC
prepared a synthesis report, funded by EPA and DOE NETL, to translate
the results from the three in-depth state reviews into a national perspective
on the status of CCP regulations, standards, and practices.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.47

Engineering and Environmental Specifications of State Agencies for
Utilization and Disposal of Coal Combustion Products:

Volume 1 - DOT Specifications 2005-EERC-07-04
Volume 2 - Environmental Regulations 2005-EERC-07-05

The EERC developed two reports presenting State transportation and
environmental regulations governing the use of coal combustion products.

Volume 1 presents a state by state comparison of U.S. Department of
Transportation specifications. Volume 2 presents a comparison of state
environmental laws and regulations authorizing beneficial reuse of coal
combustion by-products. http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/VollDOT.pdf;
http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/Vol2Environmental.pdf

Electric Power Research Institute Project 49.001 Characterization of Coal
Combustion Products (CCP)

This project provides laboratory and field information on CCP characteristics, including
their chemical composition and leaching characteristics. Current research focuses on
changes to CCP characteristics as a result of new air emission control technologies,
laboratory leaching methods and leaching models, and characterization of field leachates.
EPRI has developed a large database on CCP characteristics, and additional data will be
developed as new control technologies evolve.
http://mvdocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2008 P049.pdf

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U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Energy Resources Program (ERP)

The Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey provides information from
impartial, comprehensive research investigations of geologic energy resources, including:
petroleum (oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids), coal, gas hydrates, geothermal
resources, oil shale, oil sands, uranium, and heavy oil and natural bitumen. Specifically
for coal, ERP promotes and supports coal research to improve the understanding of the
nation's coal resources. Their main focus on coal is to support investigations into current
issues pertaining to coal production, beneficiation and conversion, and the environmental
impacts of the coal combustion process and coal combustion products.

U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3128: Energy Resources Program

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3128/

Fly Ash: From Cradle to Grave

A USGS report consisting of a tutorial given on June 10, 2007 at the 32nd
International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, The
Power of Coal, Clearwater Coal Conference in Clearwater, Florida, USA. This
tutorial covers USGS' approach to their coal quality and coal combustion
products studies, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1160/

Characterization and Modes of Occurrence of Elements in Feed Coal and
Coal Combustion Products from a Power Plant Utilizing Low-Sulfur Coal
from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5271/

U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 0038-02: Characterization and Modes of
Occurrence of Elements in Feed Coal and Fly Ash—An Integrated Approach

http://pubs.usgs. gov/fs/fs-003 8-02/

Combustion Byproducts Recycling Consortium (CBRC)

The CBRC is a program that promotes and supports the commercially viable and
environmentally sound recycling of coal combustion byproducts for productive uses
through scientific research, development, and field testing. The CBRC is funded by the
U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; and is managed
by the West Virginia Water Research Institute at West Virginia University with regional
management by Southern Illinois University, the University of North Dakota, and the
University of Kentucky.

http://wvwri.nrcce.wvu.edu/programs/cbrc/index.cfm

New Technology-Based Approach to Advance Higher Volume Fly Ash Concrete
with Acceptable Performance - Final Report, August 2008

This report by the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association provides technical
information about how to use high volume fly ash in concrete. The report was co-funded
by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Combustion Byproducts Recycling
Consortium, http://www.nrmca.org/research/hvfac final report final.pdf

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Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum

The FGDProducts.org Website provides educational, technical, and environmental
information about the beneficial uses of FGD gypsum, a coal combustion product from
coal-fired power plants. The Website is sponsored by the ACAA's Educational
Foundation, Electric Power Research Institute, U.S. EPA's Coal Combustion Products
Partnership, USD A - Agricultural Research Service, the Ohio State University, and the
U.S. Department of Energy, www.fgdproducts.org/

Headwaters Resources

Headwaters is a marketer and supplier of coal combustion products, such as fly ash. The
Resource Library section on their Website provides general and technical information,
including case studies and technical bulletins on utilizing coal combustion products.
www.flyash.com/resourcelibrary.asp

B. Construction & Demolition (C&D) Materials

EPA's C&D Materials Homepage

Provides information on C&D materials recycling, including case studies, tools, and links
to additional resources. www.epa.gov/CDmaterials

RCRA in Focus C&D, EPA-530-K-04-005

Contains frequently asked questions about the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) regulatory impacts on C&D materials management, addresses special issues in
C&D materials, hazardous waste requirements checklist, and how to reduce the amount
of waste you generate. Also provides a summary of other environmental laws affecting
the construction industry, http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/inforesources/pubs/infocus/rif-
c&d.pdf

Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA)

The CMRA is a 501(c)(3) organization that promotes the recycling of construction and
demolition materials, www.cdrecvcling.org/

Construction & Demolition Materials

Presentation by William Turley, Executive Director, Construction Materials Recycling
Association, to U.S. EPA January 23, 2007.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/02-cd.pdf

National Demolition Association (NDA)

The NDA is a non-profit trade organization that promotes recycling and reducing the
volume of demolition debris being landfilled. The goals of their Environmental
Committee include, monitoring and reporting on American and Canadian recycling,
salvage, scrap and de-construction trends; monitoring regulations and laws governing the
movement of and recycling of demolition debris waste stream in the U.S.; and

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Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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researching new or potential markets for the recycled products from demolition debris.
http://www.demolitionassociation.com/

Associated General Contractors of America (AGC)

AGC is a national trade association representing companies in the commercial
construction industry for both public and private entities including building, heavy,
highway, and municipal projects. The "Environment" section of their website provides
information on key environmental issues, including C&D recycling that impact the
construction industry, www.age, org/cs/environment

California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB)

Provides information on C&D recycling tools for contractors, local governments, and
processors, www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/Tools.htm

WasteCap Wisconsin

WasteCap Wisconsin, Inc. is a statewide, nonprofit, industry supported 501(c)(3)
organization that provides waste reduction and recycling assistance to businesses.
WasteCap assists and encourages companies to effectively drive costs out of their
operations through improved solid waste management practices. Their website provides
tools and resources for C&D recycling.
http://www.wastecap.org/

"Recycling Construction Materials: An Important Part of the Construction
Process"

An article written by U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste staff for Construction Business
Owner Magazine, June 2007.

http://www.constructionbusinessowner.com/topics/compliance/regulations/recvcling-
construction-materials-an-important-part-of-the-construction-process.html

Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center (CICA)

The CICA center is an EPA-funded environmental compliance assistance website for
contractors and builders/developers. Developed by the National Center for
Manufacturing Sciences, in partnership with the Associated General Contractors of
America, the National Association of Home Builders, the American Road and
Transportation Builders of Association, and the Golf Course Builders Association of
America, the CICA center provides information and guidance on applicable
environmental requirements and ways to save money through pollution prevention
techniques. It also contains a C&D materials State Resource Locator, where contractors
can find state and municipal recycling programs, www.cicacenter.org

Asphalt Shingles

ShingleRecycling.org, developed by the Construction Materials Recycling Association in
partnership with U.S. EPA Region 5 and the University of Florida, provides information
on asphalt shingle recycling, including state experience, markets, environmental

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Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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regulations, worker health and safety, and links to additional resources.
http://shinglerecvcling.org/

Concrete

ConcreteRecycling.org, developed by the Construction Materials Recycling Association,
is an online reference tool that provides information about concrete recycling.
www, concreterecvcling. org/

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood

CCAResearch.org, developed and funded by the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection, the National Science Foundation and the Bill Hinkley Center for Solid and
Hazardous Waste Management, this Website provides research information on CCA-
treated wood, http://www.ccaresearch.org/

Drywall

DrywallRecycling.org, developed by the Construction Materials Recycling Association
under a grant from U.S. EPA Region 5, provides information on drywall recycling,
including state experiences, markets, and links to published studies.
www.drywallrecvcling.org/

Recycled Asphalt Pavement

The Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association (ARRA) is a non-profit organization
that promotes asphalt recycling and reclamation. Their Website includes presentations
and papers on asphalt recycling techniques, and preview chapters for The Basic Asphalt
Recycling Manual. www.arra.org/

Asphalt Contractor

Asphalt Contractor is an on-line magazine dedicated to asphalt producers and contractors.
The magazine provides hot mix asphalt material producers, highway contractors and
public works officials with critical "how-to" information on the process of HMA
production, paving, and compaction.

http ://www.forconstructi onpros. com/cover/Asphalt-C ontractor/2FCP

C. Foundry Sands

U.S. EPA Foundry Sand Homepage

Provides tools, case studies, and other information about the recycling and beneficial use
of foundry sand, http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/foundry/index.htm

American Foundry Society-Foundry Industry Recycling Starts Today (AFS-FIRST)

AFS-FIRST is a 501(c)(3) organization that promotes the beneficial use and recycling of
foundry sands and other metalcasting byproducts. AFS-FIRST is the successor
organization to the Foundry Industry Starts Recycling Today (FIRST). Their website
provides educational and technical resources on the recycling and reuse of spent foundry
sands. Their technical library includes prior industry research and publications regarding

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beneficial use and recycling of foundry industry byproducts, www.afslibrary. com/
http://www.foundryrecvcling.org

Market Development Opportunities for Foundry Sands and Slags

Presentation by Elizabeth Olenbush, Executive Director of the Foundry Industry
Recycling Starts Today, to EPA January 23, 2007.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/04-foundry.pdf

The Foundry Industry...Recycling Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow

American Foundry Society brochure on the industry's efforts to recycle at all phases of
the metalcasting process.

www.afsinc.org/images/stories/govaffairs/recvclingbrochure lr.pdf

D. Pulp and Paper Byproducts

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI)

NCASI is an independent, non-profit research institute that focuses on environmental
topics of interest to the forest products industry. NCASI's publications include Technical
Bulletins, Special Reports, alerts, newsletters, and handbooks that are available primarily
only to its members, www.ncasi.org/publications/default.aspx

Management of Byproduct Solids Generated in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Presentation by William Thacker, Ph.D., Senior Research Engineer of the National
Council for Air and Stream Improvement, to EPA January 23, 2007.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/03-paper.pdf

Compilation of alternative Landfill Cover Experience using Wastewater Treatment
Plant Residuals: NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 900

A report containing information on the use of paper industry wastewater treatment
residuals as hydraulic barrier material in landfill covers. This was developed by the
NCASI Northern Regional Center and partially funded by a U.S. EPA Region 5
Beneficial Use Demonstration grant. www.ncasi.org//Publications/Detail.aspx?id=2771

E. Scrap Tires

EPA's Scrap Tire Recycling Homepage

The Website provides tools, information, and case studies on recycling scrap tires.
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/tires/index.htm

Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA)

RMA is the national trade association for the elastomer products industry. The
Association supports and promotes the recycling of scrap tires in a variety of
applications. Their website includes information on scrap tire markets, environmental
issues, and state regulations under the "Scrap Tires" tab. www.rma.org/scrap tires/

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Beneficial Use of Tire Shreds in Civil Engineering Applications

Presentation by Mike Blumenthal, Vice President, Environment and Resource Recovery
of the Rubber Manufacturers Association (previously held the position of Senior
Technical Director), to EPA January 23, 2007.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/07-tires.pdf

Rubber Pavements Association (RPA)

RPA is an association that promotes the usage of recycled scrap tire rubber in asphalt
pavements. RPA conducts workshops, seminars and conferences; publishes a quarterly
newsletter and other informational materials; and maintains an on-line library of asphalt-
rubber research documents, http://www.rubberpavements.org/index.html

F. Blast and Steel Furnace Slags

National Slag Association (NSA)

The NSA is a non-profit organization that promotes the beneficial use of blast and steel
furnace slags. Their website contains information on educational and technical resources
for recycling slags.
www, nati onal si ag. or g/

Iron and Steel Slag: The Ultimate Renewable Resource

Presentation by Terry Wagaman, former President of the National Slag Association, to
EPA January 23, 2007. http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/irc-meet/06-
slag.pdf

Slag Cement Association (SCA)

The SCA is an organization that promotes the recycling of slag cement also known as
ground granulated blast furnace slag in cement and concrete applications. Their website
provides information on education and technical resources, including specifications,
products and applications, and highlights of innovative projects that have used slag
cement, www.slagcement.org/

III. State Beneficial Use Regulations, Programs; and
Risk Assessment Resources

Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO)
Beneficial Use Survey November 2007

Report prepared by the ASTSWMO Beneficial Use Task Force is a compilation of information
from a 2006 survey of State and Territorial beneficial use programs/decision-making processes
for non-hazardous, industrial solid wastes. Forty States responded. It updates the April 2000
report and provides additional information.

http://www.astswmo.org/files/publications/solidwaste/2007BUSurvevReportll-30-07.pdf

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ASTSWMO Beneficial Use Survey April 2000

http://www.astswmo.org/files/publications/solidwaste/Beneficial-Use-Survev-Report.pdf

Beneficial Use of Solid Waste in Maine

Website created by The University of Maine (UMaine) that contains environmental and
engineering data on industrial waste materials with potential for beneficial use. UMaine
developed this Website for the Beneficial Use Advisory Group comprised of stakeholders from
industry, construction, manufacturing, legal, consulting, university, and state agencies in Maine.
The Advisory Group's purpose is to review issues related to beneficial use with the broader goal
of increasing beneficial use of secondary materials in Maine.
http://useit.umaine.edu/

Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association (NEWMOA) Beneficial Use Resources

NEWMOA established a Beneficial Use Determination (BUD) Workgroup that has produced
several resources for state use only: a searchable database of all the BUDs that have been issued
by the NEWMOA states plus five additional other states; and a table comparing the BUD
application requirements of the NEWMOA states. In addition, the Workgroup produced fact
sheets for the public on selected waste/use combinations, www.newmoa.org/solidwaste/bud.cfm

DOE National Technology Laboratory Database of State Regulations Affecting Disposal
and Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products

Contains summary information on current regulations in each state, drawn from the American
Coal Ash Association's biannual report State Solid Waste Regulations Governing the Use of Coal
Combustion Byproducts.

www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/ewr/coal utilization bvproducts/states/stateregs.html

Engineering and Environmental Specifications of State Agencies for Utilization and
Disposal of Coal Combustion Products: Volume 2 - Environmental Regulations 2005-
EERC-07-05

The Energy & Environmental Research Center at the University of North Dakota developed two
reports presenting State transportation and environmental regulations governing the use of coal
combustion products. Volume 1 presents a state by state comparison of U.S. Department of
Transportation specifications. Volume 2 presents a comparison of state environmental laws and
regulations authorizing beneficial reuse of coal combustion by-products.
http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/Vol2Environmental.pdf

Review of State Regulations, Standards, and Practices related to the Use of Coal
Combustion Products

The Energy and Environmental Center at the University of North Dakota conducted a series of
state reviews sponsored by the U.S. EPA and U.S. DOE that examines a specific state's
experience in addressing the beneficial use of coal combustion products.

Review of North Dakota Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of
Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, April 2008

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HO-RCRA-2009-0640-3118.4

15

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Review of Pennsylvania Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of
Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, March 2007

http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/TDB-PAState.pdf

Review of Florida Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of Coal
Combustion Products. Final Report, April 2006

www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/TB-FLStateReviewFinal.pdf

Review of Texas Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of Coal
Combustion Products. Final Report, January 2005

www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/TXStateReviewFinalReport.pdf

National Synthesis Report on Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the
Use of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, December 2007

Following the completion of the series of individual state reviews, EERC prepared a
synthesis report, funded by EPA and DOE NETL, to translate the results from the three
in-depth state reviews into a national perspective on the status of CCP regulations,
standards, and practices. http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-
RCRA-2009-0640-2086.47

EPA's Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) Proposed Regulation

On June 4, 2010, EPA issued for public comment a proposal to regulate the disposal of coal
combustion residues - in part, as a result of the Kingston, TN, TVA impoundment failure.
Although the preamble states that EPA continues to support beneficial uses of CCRs and is not
proposing to regulate beneficial uses or remove the Bevill exemption for beneficial uses, it also
provided extensive discussion of beneficial use practices and noted ".. EPA believes that
encapsulated uses of CCR, as is common in many consumer products, does not merit regulation.
On the other hand, unencapsulated uses have raised concerns and merit closer attention." (75 FR
35160). http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/industrial/special/fossil/ccr-rule/index.htm

EPA State Toolkit for Developing Beneficial Reuse Programs for Foundry Sands

This document created by EPA's Sector Strategies Program, which operated from 2003 to 2010,
helps address state program barriers to the beneficial use of foundry sand. Developed in
partnership with the Association of Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials as an
assistance tool for states, the guide is designed to help states initiate or revise their beneficial
reuse programs in a way that increases safe beneficial reuse of foundry sand. The Toolkit
provides program options and concrete examples of a variety of approaches used in states to
efficiently conduct beneficial reuse determinations

http://www.epa.gov/sectors/sectorinfo/sectorprofiles/metalcasting/toolkit.pdf

Beneficial Reuse of Foundry Sand: A Review of State Practices and Regulations

This document created by EPA's Sector Strategies Program, which operated from 2003 to 2010,
serves as a guide to provide an overview of each state's regulations (current as of 2002) for
beneficial reuse of foundry sand.

http://www.epa.gov/sectors/sectorinfo/sectorprofiles/metalcasting/reuse.pdf

16

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Beneficial Use State Program Locator

The National Center for Manufacturing Sciences developed an on-line tool that identifies
individual state rules and programs related to secondary materials use. Users are able to select a
state (or states) of interest and with one click receive a myriad of useful beneficial use
information. This tool was developed under a grant with EPA's National Compliance Assistance
Centers program, http://www.envcap.org/statetools/brsl/

State Beneficial Use Program Websites

Arkansas Guidance for Determining Beneficial Use

www.adeq.state.ar.us/solwaste/branch technical/pdfs/20Guidance Beneficial Use 0310
20.pdf

Connecticut Beneficial Use of Solid Waste

www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2718&q=325332&depNav-GID=1646
Florida Beneficial Uses of Waste

www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/solid waste/pages/beneficialuse.htm

Indiana Non-Rule Policy Documents (foundry sand and tire chips)

Waste-0027 Storage of Type III Foundry Sand Prior to Legitimate Use
Waste-0028 Use of Foundry Sand in Accordance with House Enrolled Act 1541
Waste-0040 Use of Foundry Sand in Land Application and as a Soil Amendment
Waste-0058 Use of Waste Tire Chips in On-Site Sewage Systems
http://www.in.gov/idem/4694.htm

Iowa Beneficial Use Determination

www.legis.state.ia.us/Rules/Current/iac/567iac/567108/567108.pdf
Kentucky Beneficial Reuse Forms

Solid Waste Permit-By-Rule Application Form

http://dep.kv.gov/formslibrarv/Documents/DEP7Q98.pdf

Special Waste Beneficial Reuse Registered Permit-By-Rule Application Form

http://dep.kv.gov/formslibrarv/Documents/DEP7Q59F.pdf

Crumb Rubber

http://waste.ky.gov/RLA/Waste%20Tires/Pages/CrumbRubber.aspx

Maine

17

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Beneficial Use

www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/solidwaste/beneficialuse.htm

Chapter 400 Beneficial Use Definition

www.maine.gov/sos/cec/mles/06/096/096c40Q.doc

Chapter 418 Beneficial Use Regulations

www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/06/096/096c418.doc

Applications for Beneficial Use

www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/solidwaste/forms/beneficialuse.htm
Massachusetts

Draft Beneficial Use Determination (BUD) Guidance, March 2004

www .mass, gov/dep/recvcle/laws/pol ar chv. htm

Beneficial Use Determination Form

www, mass. gov/dep/recvcl e/approval s/ s wform s. htm#b enefi ci al
Michigan

Part 115 Rules

http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-wmd-swp-ptll5rls.pdf
Minnesota

Beneficial Use of Solid Waste Rule (Minnesota Rule 7035.2860)

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7035.2860

Solid Waste Utilization Regulations

www.pca.state.mn.us/waste/sw-utilization.html

Land Application of Industrial By-Products

www, pea, state, mn.us/water/landapp. html

Mississippi

Beneficial Use Program

http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/SW MississippiBeneficialUseProgra
m? OpenDocument

Regulations for the Beneficial Use of Non-hazardous Solid Waste

This website is the first page for querying a database. To access Mississippi's
beneficial use regulations, click on the arrow next to "Non Hazardous Waste",
then click on "SW-9".

www.deq.state.ms.us/newweb/MDEQRegulations.nsf?OpenDatabase

-------
Beneficial Use Determination Form

http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/pdf/SW RequestFormforBeneficialUseDe
termination082007/$File/Reauest%20Form%20for%20a%20Beneficial%20Use%
20Determination%207-08.pdf?QpenElement

Nebraska

Beneficial Use of Coal Combustion and Steel Manufacturing By-Products;
and Other Similar Materials

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/nebraska.pdf
New Hampshire

Certified Waste-Derived Products

http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/waste/swmb/pdrs/waste derived.htm

Application to Certify a Waste-Derived Product for Distribution & Use

http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/waste/swmb/documents/waste derived.d
oc

Certification of Waste-Derived Products Env-SW 1500

http://www.nh.gov/des/organization/commissioner/legal/rules/documents/env-
swl500.pdf

New Jersey Beneficial Use Guidance

www, state, ni.us/dep/dshw/rrtp/bud. htm

New York Beneficial Use Determinations

www, dec. ny. gov/ chemi cal/8 821. html

North Carolina Requirements for Beneficial Use of Coal Combustion By-Products

http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/Rules/SWStatutes RulesAug2008/Section. 1700.pdf

North Dakota

Coal Combustion Waste Regulatory Perspective

http://www.ndhealth.gov/wm/Publications/CoalCombustionWasteRegulatoryPers
pective.pdf

Guideline 11 Ash Utilization For Soil Stabilization, Filler Materials And
Other Engineering Uses

http://www.ndhealth.gov/wm/Publications/GuidelinellAshUtilizationForSoilStab
ilizationFillerMaterial s AndOtherEngineeringU ses. pdf

19

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Guideline 21 Scrap Tire Management

http://www.ndhealth.gov/wm/Publications/Guideline21ScrapTireManagement.pdf

Ohio

Industrial Waste Beneficial Use Team Web Page

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsiwm/pages/ben use rule.aspx

Beneficial Use Rules Package

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/portals/34/document/draftrule/beneficial use 800s.pdf

Evaluating Exempt Waste Uses at Solid Waste Facilities DSIWM Guidance
#609 http://www.epa.state.oh.us/portals/34/document/guidance/gd 609.pdf

Disposal and Beneficial Use of Construction and Demolition Debris Guidance
#560 http://www.epa.state.oh.us/portals/34/document/guidance/gd 560.pdf

Use of Shredded Tires in Landfill Construction Guidance #599

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/portals/34/document/guidance/gd 599.pdf

Beneficial Uses of Scrap Tires Guidance #671

http://www.epa.state.oh.us/portals/34/document/guidance/gd 671.pdf

Pennsylvania

Beneficial Use Program

http://www.portal. state .pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&obiID=589671&mode=2

List of Residual Waste Beneficial Use General Permits.

http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/communitv/permitting2/14095/list o
f residual waste beneficial use general permits/589685

Residual Waste General Permits

http://www.portal. state. pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&obiID=589686&mode=
2

Rhode Island

Beneficial Use Guidelines

www.dem.ri.gov/programs/benviron/waste/pdf/budpol.pdf
Vermont

20

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Procedures for Addressing Acceptable Uses of Solid Waste

www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/solid/pubs/Acceptable Uses.pdf

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Reuse and Beneficial Use Determinations

www, deq .Virginia, gov/waste/reuse.html

Virginia Administrative Code Chapter 85 Coal Combustion Byproduct
Regulations

www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/pdf/wstregs/coalcomb.pdf
Washington

Beneficial Use Determination Website

www, ecv. wa. gov/pro gram s/s wfa/bud/

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Beneficial Use of Industrial Byproducts Program Website

www, dnr. state. wi. us/ org/aw/wm/ soli d/b enefi ci al/

Chapter NR 538 Beneficial Use of Industrial Byproducts

www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/nr/nr538.pdf

State Market Development
Recycling Market Development

This web site provides recycling market development information for state and local officials,
sources of technical and financial assistance for recycling businesses, and information on the
economic benefits of recycling.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/rmd/index.htm

Risk Assessment Resources

Evaluating Risk of Industrial Materials Recycling: A Compendium of Information and
Tools

In collaboration with the states, EPA is developing a risk compendium to help state decision
makers evaluate proposed beneficial uses for industrial materials. The compendium will
introduce concepts that should be considered in assessing the risks of using industrial materials
in various applications and will list existing tools, such as ground-water models, test methods,
and state best practices, that stakeholders can use to answer the questions posed in the
framework. The risk compendium is not yet available.

-------
Industrial Waste Evaluation Model (IWEM)

The IWEM software is designed to assist individuals in determining the most appropriate waste
management unit design to minimize or avoid adverse ground water impacts, by evaluating types
of liners, the hydrogeologic conditions of the site, and the toxicity and expected leachate
concentrations of the anticipated waste constituents.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/industrial/tools/iwem/index.htm

University of New Hampshire's Recycled Materials Resource Center (RMRC) Research
Project#7/8 Risk Assessment Framework

Completed in March 2003, the RMRC partnered with the Minnesota Department of
Transportation, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the
Laboratoire Centrale des Ponts et Chausees to develop a risk analysis framework for the
beneficial use of secondary materials in road construction. The RMRC is a national center that
promotes the appropriate use of recycled materials in the highway environment; and is funded
through a cooperative agreement with the Federal Highway Administration.
http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/Research/past/p7-8/p7-8summary.pdf
http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/Research/past/p7-8/p7-8final.pdf

Steelmaking Slag: A Safe and Valuable Product, November 1998

A report prepared by Collier, Shannon, Rill & Scott, PPLC on behalf of the Steel Slag Coalition
that considers the importance of steelmaking slag as a product and provides an overview of the
regulatory status of steelmaking slag in the United States. In addition, the risk assessment
process and results are summarized, www.nationalslag.org/riskpaper.htm

WiscLEACH

A Windows-based application for assessing ground water impacts associated with leaching of
metals from fly-ash stabilized soil layers used in roadway construction. A paper on the subject
can be purchased at this web site: http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi? 151979

IV. Environmentaland Economic Benefits Resources

Waste and Materials-Flow Benchmark Sector Reports: Beneficial Use of Secondary
Materials

EPA funded the development of three reports to look at the costs and benefits of recycling the
following industrial materials: coal combustion products and foundry sand. The purpose of these
reports are to provide an initial assessment of the market dynamics that affect the generation,
disposal, recovery, and beneficial use of these materials; and to provide a preliminary life cycle
analysis of the beneficial impact of these materials.

•	Coal Combustion Products Report

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HO-RCRA-2009-0640-
2086.26

•	Foundry Sand Report - not yet available

22

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
WaRM (Waste Reduction Model)

Created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help solid waste planners and
organizations estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from several different waste
management practices. WaRM is available in a web-based calculator format and as a Microsoft
Excel0 spreadsheet.

www.epa.gov/climatechange/wvcd/waste/calculators/Warm UsersGuide.html

BEES Online (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability)

BEES Online is a next-generation application of the popular BEES (Building for Environmental
and Economic Sustainability) tool developed by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Engineering Laboratory. BEES implements a science-based approach for
selecting cost-effective, environmentally-preferable building products based on consensus
standards and designed to be practical, flexible, and transparent. Audience: designers, builders,
and product manufacturers. http://www.nist.gov/el/economics/BEESSoftware.cfm

PaLATE (Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects)

A computer-based decision support tool to model economic costs and environmental effects of
using traditional highway materials and recycled materials for highway applications. PaLATE
was developed by Professor Arpad Horvath at the University of California-Berkley's Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and funded by the Recycled Materials Resource Center
and the University of California Transportation Center. Audience: pavement designers and
engineers, transportation agency decision-makers, civil engineers, and researchers.
www, ce,b erkelev. edu/~horvath/palate.html and

http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/Resources/CD/PaLATE/PaLATE%20User%20Manual.pdf.

Beneficial Reuse Model (BenReMod)

BenReMod is a model that allows state and local regulators, end users, and the public to evaluate
the benefits and disadvantages of using recycled materials in road construction. It is currently
being developed by the University of Toledo in partnership with the American Coal Ash
Association, Great Lakes Byproducts Management Association, and the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency. http://benremod.eng.utoledo.edu/BenReMod/

U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Equivalencies
Calculator

The GHG Equivalencies Calculator is designed to enable public and private sector organizations
and individuals to translate greenhouse gas reductions from units that are typically used to report
reductions (e.g. metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) into terms that are easier to
conceptualize (e.g. equivalent number of cars not driven for one year).
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergv/energy-resources/calculator.html

Life Cycle Inventory of Slag Cement Concrete by the Slag Cement Association

A life cycle assessment published by the Slag Cement Association for concrete with slag cement
used as a partial replacement for portland cement.

23

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
www.slagcement.org/download/123321 U128801 71549/Life+Cvcle+Inventory+of+Slag+Ce
ment+C oncrete. pdf

By-products and Recycled Materials in Earth Structures: Materials and Applications

Finnish model study assessing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag used in sub-base
for roadways.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science? ob=ArticleURL& udi=B6VDX-44NMlY7-
2& user=14684& coverDate=04%2F30%2F2002& alid=1628485222& rdoc=l& fmt=high&
orig=search& origin=search& zone=rslt list item& cdi=5994& docanchor=&view=c& ct=55
71& acct=C000001678& version=l& urlVersion=Q& userid=14684&md5=61a312bfe65f2e78
1 dcbf5 e794bd05 d5& searchtvpe=a

V. Industrial Materials Recycling - Applications and
Specifications

A. Recycling and Reuse of Industrial Materials in Buildings

Material-specific information

Using Recycled Industrial Materials in Buildings
EPA530-F-08-022, October 2008

Provides information on the use of recycled industrial materials in buildings as an
alternative to virgin materials and buildings products. An electronic version of
this document is posted at

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/recv-bldg.pdf. For hard
copies, please contact the National Service Center for Environmental Publications
at 1-800-490-9198 or nscep@bps-lmit.com.

Cold Weather Concrete Mix Design for the Beneficial Use of Coal Fly Ash as
a Supplementary Cementitious Material, EPA530-F-08-011, June 2008

Provides information on cold weather mix design considerations for the use of
coal fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-0640-
2086.27

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Construction and Demolition Materials at Land
Revitalization Projects, EPA560-F-08-242, April 2008

Provides information on opportunities to reuse and recycle materials generated
during building construction, demolition, or renovation activities at brownfield
properties, http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/pubs/brochure.pdf

24

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Sustainable Construction with Coal Combustion Products: A Primer for
Architects

Provides information on how coal combustion products can be used in the design
of sustainable construction projects. For hard copies, please contact the American
Coal Ash Association Educational Foundation at 720-870-7897 or info@acaa-
usa.org.

Sample contract language and project specifications
Federal Construction Guide for Specifiers

EPA collaborated with the Federal Environmental Executive and the Whole
Building Design Guide (WBDG) to develop the Federal Construction Guide for
Specifiers which provides comprehensive information for procuring green
building products and construction services within the Federal government.
www.wbdg.org/design/greenspec.php

California Integrated Waste Management Board's Designing With Vision:

Technical Manual for Material Choices in Sustainable Construction

See pages 27-32; includes good introductory language, examples, and references

to other materials. www.ciwmb.ca.gov/GreenBuilding/Pubs.htm or

www.p2pavs.org/ref/34/33883.pdf

Region 8 Office (LEED 2.0 Silver certification) Environmental Provisions
Included in the Solicitations for Offers (SFOs)

www.epa.gov/greeningepa/documents/denver sfo environ 508.pdf

Standard Specifications

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International

ASTM International is a voluntary standards development organization. ASTM
has over 130 technical committees covering diverse industry areas ranging from
metals to the environment. The technical committees are made up of
professionals from around the world who develop ASTM standards. The
Standard Annual Book of ASTM Standards is composed of over 80 volumes and
contains ASTM's 12,000 plus standards.
www.astm.org

The following ASTM Committees develop standards related to using recycled
industrial materials:

ASTM Committee C01 Cement develops specifications, test methods,
recommended practices, and terminology for hydraulic cements including
Portland, natural, pozzolanic, masonry and slag cements, and
modifications and combinations during manufacture of the cements; and

25

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
investigates the properties of hydraulic cements and promotes the
improvement and uniformity of testing these materials.

ASTM Committee C09 Concrete and Concrete Aggregates has

jurisdiction over 160 standards published in the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Volume 04.02. These standards, together with the standards
developed by ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and committees of the
American Concrete Institute, are essential to the construction of civil
infrastructure.

ASTM Committee Cll Gypsum and Related Building Material
Systems develops specifications, test methods, and applications in the
gypsum and related product industries.

ASTM Committee D04 Road and Paving Materials has jurisdiction
over 200 standards, published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Volume 4. These standards are essential to the construction and
maintenance of highways, and other transportation construction.

ASTM Committee C12 Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry has

jurisdiction of 15 standards, published in the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Volume 04.05. These standards are essential to the industry of
mortar used with masonry units, including burned clay, shale, sand-lime,
concrete and stone.

ASTM Committee E06 Performance of Buildings has jurisdiction of
over 245 standards, published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Volume 04.11 and 04.12. These standards play a role in the building
industry and address issues relating to the performance of buildings, their
elements, components, and the description, measurement, prediction,
improvement and management of the overall performance of buildings
and building related facilities.

ASTM Committee E50 Environmental Assessment, Risk Management
and Corrective Action has jurisdiction over 35 standards published in the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.04. These standards are
essential to corrective action, pollution prevention and beneficial use.

ASTM Committee D34 Waste Management has jurisdiction over 125
standards published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume
11.04. These standards are essential to all aspects addressing the
generation, storage, transportation, treatment, recovery, and disposal of
wastes generated from industrial, commercial, residential, and institutional
sources.

-------
American Concrete Institute (ACI)

The ACI is a non-profit technical and educational society that serves as a forum
for discussing and resolving issues related to concrete through conventions and
meetings; the ACI Structural Journal, the ACI Materials Journal, Concrete
International, and technical publications; chapter activities; and technical
committee work. www.concrete.org/general/home.asp

The following ACI Committees address efforts to using recycled industrial
materials:

ACI Committee 232 Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete

develops and reports information on the use of fly ash and natural
pozzolans in concrete and mortar, including developing guidance on the
use of higher volume fly ash concrete for the Green Building and industry
performance guide specification; and works with the U.S. Green Building
Council and others to promote sustainability as it relates to concrete.

ACI Committee 233 Ground Slag in Concrete develops and reports
information on the use of ground slag in concrete and mortar.

ACI Committee 234 Silica Fume develops and reports information on
the use of silica fume in concrete and mortar.

Cement Specifications

Concrete Specifications

Other Specifications

ASTM C 595, "Standard
Specification for Blended
Hydraulic Cements."

ASTM C 618, "Standard
Specification for Fly Ash and Raw
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Portland Cement Concrete."

ASTME 1266-88, "Standards
Practice for Processing
Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash,
and Heavy Metal Waste in
Structural Fills and Other
Construction Applications."

ASTM C 150, "Standard
Specification for Portland
Cement."

ASTM C 311, "Standard Methods of
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash and
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a
Mineral Admixture in Portland
Cement Concrete."

ASTM E 2277-03, "Standard
Guide for Use of Coal
Combustion By-Products in
Structural Fills."

ASTM C1240-05, "Standard
Specification for Silica Fume
Usfed in Cementitious
Mixtures."

ASTM C 989, "Ground Granulated
Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in
Concrete Mortars."



--

ACI 226.R1, "Ground Granulated
Blast-Furnace Slag as a
Cementitious Constituent in
Concrete."



1

ACI 232.2R, "Use of Fly Ash in
Concrete."



27

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA)

The NRMCA is a trade association representing members of the ready mixed
concrete industry from producers to those who sell goods and services supporting
the industry. NRMCA's Research, Engineering and Standards Committee
coordinates all standardization activities, including the development of
specifications and recommended practices and works in cooperation with other
standardization bodies such as the American Concrete Institute, American Society
for Testing and Materials International, and transportation agencies in
representing the ready mixed concrete industry, www.nrmca.org/

Green Building Resources
EPA Green Buildings Website

Brings together a collection of EPA programs that relate to green building.
www, epa. gov/ greenbuilding/

Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)

The WBDG is a web-based portal providing government and industry
practitioners with one-stop access to up-to-date information on a wide range of
building-related guidance, criteria and technology from a 'whole buildings'
perspective. Currently organized into three major categories—Design Guidance,
Project Management and Operations and Maintenance—at the heart of the
WBDG are resource pages, and brief summaries on particular topics.
www.wbdg.org/

Memorandum of Understanding and Guiding Principles for Federal High
Performing Buildings www.doi.gov/greening/buildings/SustBldgsMOU.pdf

DOE Commercial Building Initiative

Provides resources and tools to help commercial builders, building owners,
contractors, engineers, and architects use whole building design and technologies
to reduce energy use in commercial buildings.

http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial initiative/index.html

U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building
Rating System is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction,
and operation of high performance green buildings.
www.usgbc.org/DisplavPage.aspx?CategoryID=19

Green Globes

The Green Globes system, developed by the Green Building Initiative, is a green

28

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
management tool that includes an assessment protocol, rating system and guide
for integrating environmentally friendly design into commercial buildings. Once
complete, it also is expected to facilitate recognition of the project through third-
party verification. The Green Building Initiative is a non-profit organization that
promotes practical green building approaches for residential and commercial
construction.

www.thegbi.org/home.asp

Healthy Building Network's Pharos Project

The Healthy Building Network is a national network of green building
professionals, environmental and health activists, socially responsible investment
advocates and others who are interested in promoting healthier building materials
as a means of improving public health and preserving the global environment.
The Pharos Project strives to make building material evaluations as
comprehensive as possible - encompassing health, sustainability and social justice
issues throughout the lifecycle. To facilitate this vision, the (1) project proposes a
framework of analysis based upon a set of categories, such as occupant exposure,
renewable materials; (2) identifies an ideal goal in each category; and (3)
establishes criteria for evaluating progress toward the ideal.
http://www.pharosproiect.net/framework/index/

Lifecycle Building Challenge (LBC)

The LBC web site provides information on publications, case studies, and other
resources on lifecycle building (designing building materials, components,
information systems, and management practices to create buildings that facilitate
and anticipate future changes to and eventual adaptation or dismantling for
recovery of all systems, components, and materials).
http://www.lifecvclebuilding.org/index.php

Planning for a Sustainable Future: A Guide for Local Governments,
EPA902-K-08-001, November 2008

Provides information and resources to help local governments integrate
sustainable planning into their communities. Areas of opportunities include:
green building and procurement, land use, and solid waste generation and
recycling, www.epa.gov/region02/sustainabilitv/greencommunities

King County Washington Green Building and Sustainable Infrastructure
Guidelines Provides guidance to King County Divisions to meet the
requirements of the Green Building and Sustainable Development Ordinance.
http://vour.kingcountv.gov/solidwaste/greenbuilding/documents/green-building-
sustainable-dev-guide.pdf

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Green Building Website

Provides homeowners with information on how to integrate green building
concepts into new construction or remodeling.

29

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/living-green/living-green-citizen/green-
building/shelter.html

Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings

The Concrete Hub at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is undertaking a
series of projects to quantify the full life cycle carbon emissions of commercial
and residential buildings from manufacturing to disposal, including the operating,
or use, phase.

http://web.mit.edu/cshub/news/pdf/BuildingsLCAsummarvDec2010.pdf
Case Studies - Buildings

EPA's Coal Combustion Products Partnership (C2P2) Program Case Studies

EPA has suspended active participation in the Coal Combustion Products
Partnership program while we are taking and assessing comment on the beneficial
use of coal combustion residuals (CCR) through the CCR proposed rulemaking.
While the Agency continues to support safe and protective beneficial reuse of coal
combustion residues, the C2P2 program web pages have been removed while the
program is being re-evaluated. Materials previously posted on the C2P2 website,
including the case studies that are relevant for EPA's proposal to regulate disposal
of CCRs are still available to the public.

HVFA in the Madera Project - A Green & Profitable Residential
Community Development

This C2P2 case study presents the use of high volume fly ash in the Madera
Community residential development.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.8

Lewis & Clark Fort Mandan Visitor Services Center

2 2

This C P case study presents the use of coal combustion products in a
wide array of building applications, including the surrounding site.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.1

American Electric Power and Certainteed Put Environmental Process
Byproduct to Beneficial Use in Wallboard

This C2P2 case study presents the use of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, a
coal combustion product, in the manufacture of wallboard.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.1

National Slag Association (NSA) Building-Related Case Studies

The NSA website provides several cases studies on the beneficial use applications
for slag under the "Research/Library" tab.

30

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Flatwork Concrete that Can Withstand Michigan's Temperature
Ups and Downs

A case study on one contractor's success with using blast furnace slag
aggregate in outdoor flatwork concrete such as sidewalks, driveways, and
patios for residential areas, www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 200-
1 bf slag in concrete flatwork.pdf

Since 1774 slag has been mixing it up with cement. So what's new?

A case study on Texas Industries, Inc. and Chaparral Steel's patented steel
slag process that increases the output of cement. This patented process
helped meet the cement demands during the nationwide housing boom.
www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 200-2 eaf use in cement mfg..pdf

Blast Furnace Slag Weighs In at Detroit Metro Airport's New
Parking Garage

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 2053 bf slag concrete detroit garage
.pdf

Foundry Industry Starts Recycling Today (FIRST) Building Case Studies

The AFS-FIRST web site provides several case studies on the beneficial use
applications for spent foundry sand. The initial case studies were developed for
FIRST under a grant from U.S. EPA Region 5.
http://www.afsinc.org/content/view/947/283/

Foundry Sand in Residential Home Construction

A case study on the use of foundry sand as structural fill for residential
construction.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38979

Foundry Sand as Structural Fill

A Wisconsin foundry supplied 38,000 tons of foundry sand for site
development for a ntional "big box" retail store.

http://www.epa.gov/opispdwb/sectorinfo/sectorprofiles/metalcasting/Kohl
er Fill Project 1 31 2008.pdf or

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=3 8981

The City of Reedsburg Industrial Park

A case study on the use of spent foundry sand as structural fill for 35 acres
of an industrial park.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38980

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Fort Worth Post Office Showcases Green Building

An Environmentally Preferable Purchasing case study highlights the sustainable
features incorporated into the Fort Worth Post Office.
www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/case/usps2.htm

USGBC LEED Case Studies

Searchable database to locate LEED certified projects across the U.S.
http://leedcasestudies.usgbc.org

DOE High Performance Buildings Database of Case Studies

www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/database/

U.S. EPA Green Buildings

To further carry out EPA's green building mission, beginning in FY 2006, EPA
required all newly initiated major building construction projects achieve the
LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Gold standard as well
as other sustainable features, www.epa. gov/greeningepa/proiects/

Off the Shelf

Joint publication prepared by members of the Kansas City EPA Regional
Headquarters building team, including EPA staff, U.S. General Services
Administration (GSA) staff, and the building developer's staff, provides
information on the Kansas City, Kansas Headquarters building.
http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/documents/off shelf.pdf

New England Regional Laboratory

On-line brochure highlighting the green building features, including recycled
materials, used in the design of EPA's New England Laboratory.
www.epa.gov/ne/lab/greenbuilding/index. html#epm

EPA Region 10 Renovation

Describes efforts to explore environmentally responsible design and construction
in the renovation of the 16th floor of the Park Place building.
http://vosemite.epa.gov/rlO/omp.nsf/webpage/Building+A+Green+Future?OpenD
ocument

The DOE Building America Program's Cleveland EcoVillage

Provides an overview of the Cleveland EcoVillage project.
http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/case-studies/cs-ecovillage-cleveland
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building america/pdfs/db/35205.pdf

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B. Recycling and Reuse of Industrial Materials in Roadways

U.S. EPA, Federal Highway Administration, & AASHTO
Resources

Recycled Materials Resource Center

The Recycled Materials Resource Center (RMRC) is a national center that
promotes the appropriate use of recycled materials in the highway environment.
Their mission includes systematically testing, evaluating, developing appropriate
guidelines for and demonstrating environmentally acceptable increased use of
recycled materials in transportation infrastructure construction and maintenance.
The RMRC website provides information on recycling and reusing industrial
materials in roadways. It is funded by the Federal Highway Administration and
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.recvcledmaterials. or g/

AASHTO Center for Environmental Excellence Waste Management &
Recycling Page

http://environment.transportation.org/environmental issues/waste manage reeve/
#bookmarkRecvcling

Using Recycled Industrial Materials in Roadways
EPA530-F-08-024, July 2009

Provides information on the use of recycled industrial materials in roadways as an
alternative to virgin materials and construction products. An electronic version of
this document is posted at

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/roadwavs.pdf. For hard
copies, please contact the National Service Center for Environmental Publications
at 1-800-490-9198 or nscep@bps-lmit.com.

Using Coal Ash in Highway Construction, EPA-530-K-05-002, April 2005

Provides information on both the environmental benefits and potential impacts of
using coal combustion products in various highway construction applications.

This booklet is sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in
cooperation with the Department of Energy, Federal Highway Administration, the
American Coal Ash Association, and the Utility Solid Waste Activities Group.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-0640-
2086.42

Office of Pavement Technology Recycling Homepage

One focus area for the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Office of
Pavement Technology is environmental stewardship which includes recycling and
reducing noise abatement. Their recycling website includes information on
FHWA's current projects and activities to facilitate the use of recycled materials
in the highway environment.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recvcling/index.cfm

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User Guidelines for Industrial Byproduct Materials in Pavement
Construction

The User Guidelines is an FHWA-developed information resource for 20 different
byproduct materials in road construction. The Guidelines were recently updated
to include current information about the U.S. EPA's Resource Conservation
Challenge priority materials, coal ash, foundry sands and construction and
demolition materials, along with current information about environmental
considerations in the use of byproduct materials.
http://www.recvcledmaterials.org/tools/uguidelines/index.asp

Materials Recycling and Reuse - Finding Opportunities in Colorado
Highways, CDOT-2007-12, October 2007

Analysis by CDOT to determine a strategy to improve recycling on Colorado
highway projects. The project focused on 5 high volume materials: asphalt,
concrete, metal, wood, and tires. This report was funded by a Resource
Conservation Grant from U.S. EPA Region 8

http://www.coloradodot.info/programs/research/pdfs/2007/epagrant.pdf/at downl
oad/file

Report on Use of Recycled Foundry Sand in the Cleveland Area

Published Federal Highway Administration report providing a review on the uses
of foundry sand in roadway construction around the Cleveland, Ohio area.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recvcling/cleveland.cfm

Study on Increasing the Usage of Recovered Mineral Components in
Federally Funded Projects Involving Procurement of Cement or Concrete,
EPA 530-R-08-007, June 2008

http://www.epa.gOv/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/products/cement2.htm#report

Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers, FHWA-IF-03-019, June 2003

Provides basic technical information on the various uses of fly ash in highway
construction. This booklet is sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Federal Highway Administration, in cooperation with the
American Coal Ash Association and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/Pavement/recvcling/fafacts.pdf

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Guidebook on Fly Ash

Provides information on specifications, mix design, and recommendations for the
use of fly ash as a mineral admixture in the production of concrete.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/flvash.htm

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Guidebook on Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Provides information on specifications, mix design, and recommendations for the

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use of ground granulated blast furnace slag as a mineral admixture in the
production of concrete, www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/ggbfs.htm

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Guidebook on Silica Fume

Provides information on specifications, mix design, and recommendations for the
use of silica fume as a mineral admixture in the production of concrete.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/silica.htm

Foundry Sand Facts for Civil Engineers, FHWA-IF-04-004, May 2004

Provides technical information on the potential uses of foundry sand in civil
engineering applications. This booklet is sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Federal Highway Administration, in cooperation with the
Foundry Industry Recycling Starts Today, and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. http://isddc.dot.gov/OLPFiles/FHWA/Q11435.pdf

Transportation Applications of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Report by the Recycled Materials Resource Center (RMRC) which reviews the
most advanced transportation uses of recycled concrete aggregate in the United
States. It summarizes the review of recycled concrete aggregate practices in
Texas, Virginia, Michigan, Minnesota, and California. This review was
conducted by the Federal Highway Administration through the RMRC.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Pavement/recvcling/rca.cfm

Recycled Materials in European Highway Environments: Uses, Technologies,
and Polices

Federal Highway Administration sponsored document that reports on innovative
policies, programs, and techniques that promote the use of recycled materials in
the highway environment, http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/recvcolor.pdf

Cold-In Place Recycling Review

Technical review conducted by the Federal Highway Administration to identify
best practices and the most advanced uses of Cold-In-Place recycling.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recvcling/cir/execsum.cfm

Cold In-Place Recycling: Performance-Based Design

The University of New Hampshire, in conjunction with the University of Rhode
Island, conducted research to develop a performance-based mix design for cold-in
place recycling for use by State Highway Administrations and local governments.
The research was funded by the FHWA.
http ://i sddc. dot. gov/OLPF iles/FHW A/010964.pdf

Pavement Recycling Guidelines for State and Local Governments, FHWA-
SA-98-042, December 1997

This reference document includes information on recycling asphalt pavements:

-------
performance data, legislation/specification limits, selection of pavement for
recycling and recycling strategies, economics of recycling, and the structural
design of recycled pavements. This reference document funded by the Federal
Highway Administration was developed to support the following workshop
"Pavement Recycling Guidelines for State and Local Governments" which was
held in twelve locations throughout the United States.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/recvcling/98042/

Pavement Recycling Executive Summary and Report

A report published by the Federal Highway Administration documents a study
conducted between 1992 and 1996 to assess the state-of-the-practice of recycled
hot mix construction. http://isddc.dot.gov/OLPFiles/FHWA/Ql 1182.pdf

Federal Highway Administration Policy and Technical
Advisories

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Recycled Materials Policy (2002)

FHWA's policy statement is designed to advance the use of recycled materials in
highway applications. The policy outlines the importance of re-using materials
previously used in constructing the Nation's highway system, and calls upon the
FHWA and State transportation departments to explicitly consider recycling as
early as possible in the development of every project.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/policv/recmatmemo.htm

Technical Advisory T 5080.9. Use of Coal Ash in Embankments and Bases.
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, May
1988. This Technical Advisory provides guidance and recommendations relating
to the use of coal ash in bases and embankments. It covers the history of coal ash
use in these applications along with discussions on environmental, design, and
construction considerations.

www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/techadvs/t508009.htm

Technical Advisory: Use of Recycled Concrete Pavement as Aggregate in
Hydraulic-Cement Concrete Pavement

This Technical Advisory issues information on state-of-the-practice and guidance
for the use of recycled concrete pavement as aggregate in concrete used for
pavements, www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/techadvs/t504037.htm

Standard/Specifications

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) Subcommittee on Materials

The AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials focuses on developing specifications
for materials used in the construction and maintenance of all transportation
facilities including highways, bridges and structures, and standard methods of

36

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
sampling and testing these materials; and serves as a conduit to exchange
information on the performance of special products evaluated by AASHTO
Member Departments. The Subcommittee on Materials also maintains and
updates the Standard Specifications for Transportation and Methods of Sampling
and Testing, and Provisional Standards Materials reference which contains 418
materials specifications and test methods commonly used in the construction of
highway facilities.

http://materials.transportation.org/default.aspx

Recycled Materials Resource Center (RMRC) Project 13/14: The
Development and Preparation of Specifications for Using Recycled Materials
in Highway Applications

RMRC's project 13/14 focused on the development of specifications for recycled
materials in highway construction. The RMRC is funded by the Federal Highway
Administration and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/Research/past/pl3-14/pl3-14summary.pdf

National Standards/Specifications

The Recycled Materials Resource Center has consolidated a listing of standards
and specifications for use of industrial materials in roadways. Visit
http://www.recvcledmaterials.org/tools/uguidelines/standards.asp for
standards/specifications on:

Coal Fly Ash

Coal Bottom Ash/Boiler Slag
Foundry Sand
FGD Scrubber Material
Roofing Shingles
Reclaimed Asphalt
Reclaimed Concrete

FHWA National Highway Specifications Website

Developed and maintained by the Federal Highway Administration, this website
consists of a searchable library of highway specifications from across the nation.
http://fhwapap04.fhwa.dot.gov/nhswp/index.isp

State Specifications/Provisions on Recycling Technology
State Transportation Websites

Links to state transportation websites from the Federal Highway Administration
website www.fhwa.dot.gov/webstate.htm

State DOT Search Engine ~ Google

Search the websites of the Departments of Transportation from the fifty United

37

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
States and the District of Columbia

http ://www. google, com/coop/cse? cx=00651133835166316113 9%3 Acnkl qdckOd
c

Engineering and Environmental Specifications of State Agencies for
Utilization and Disposal of Coal Combustion Products: Volume 1 - DOT
Specifications 2005-EERC-07-04

The Energy & Environmental Research Center at the University of North Dakota
conducted a state by state comparison of U.S. Department of Transportation
specifications for using coal combustion products.
www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/VollDOT.pdf

Indiana Department of Transportation (InDOT) Standard Specifications

Pages 693-696 covers fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag used as a
pozzolan; and pages 697-699 addresses silica fume used as a pozzolanic mineral
admixture. www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/book/sep07/2008Master.pdf

InDOT Special Provision 203-R-360. Embankments Constructed of Coal
Combustion By-Products

www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/rsp/mar05/203R360.pdf

InDOT Special Provision 211-R-415. Crushed Glass as Bedding Material

www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/rsp/sep07/200/211-R-415%2007Q901.pdf

InDOT Special Provision 200-R-401. Recycled Foundry Sand

www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/rsp/sep07/200/200-R-401%2007Q901.pdf

Illinois DOT Specifications - Materials

www.dot.state.il.us/desenv/pdfspec2002/secl000.pdf

Caltrans Standard Specifications May 2006

Pages 229-236 address reclaimed base/subbase; pages 329-33 cover fly ash for
grout; and pages 751-752 cover the recycled materials for Portland Cement
concrete.

www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/oe/specifications/std specs/2006 StdSpecs/2006 StdSpe
cs.pdf

Oregon Bridge Delivery Program - Department of Transportation

Provides information on recycling including a directory which focuses primarily
on materials that may be generated during demolition/construction activities of a
bridge or roads (metals, concrete, wood, asphalt, etc.)
http://www.obdp.org/partner/environmental/

Texas Department of Transportation

38

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------
Specifications for Recycled Materials

http://www.txdot.gov/business/contractors consultants/recvcling/speclist.
htm

Recycled Concrete Aggregates Make Cents, September 2008

ftp://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cmd/tech/rca barton.pdf

Wisconsin DOT Roadway Standards Manuals

http ://roadwavstandards. dot, wi. gov/ standards/

Reources for Assessing Risk in Roadway Environments

Evaluation of the Industrial Waste Evaluation Model (IWEM) For Non-
Federal Users With Regard to Highway Applications

Funded by the U.S. EPA, the Recycled Materials Resource Center conducted
work to evaluate whether IWEM can be used as a predictive tool to accurately
determine whether leaching from materials will result in significant changes in
groundwater concentrations when the materials are reused as a base or sub-base in
a roadway, http://www.regulati0ns.g0v/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-
2009-0640-2086.44

Geo Engineering Report No. 05-22: Assessing Groundwater Impacts from
Coal Combustion Products Used In Highways

The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison evaluated a computer application, called WiscLeach, that was
developed to assess impacts to groundwater caused by leaching of trace elements
from coal combustion products used in highway construction. This study was
funded by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Waste Reduction and
Recycling Demonstration grant Program and Alliant Energy.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-0640-
2086.43

Geo Engineering Report No. 05-21: Metals Leaching from Highway Test
Sections Constructed with Industrial Byproducts

Describes the results of a study by the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to assess metals leaching
from industrial byproducts (foundry sand and foundry slag from a gray-iron
foundry; and bottom ash and fly ash from a coal-fired power plant) used in
highway construction. This study was funded by the Recycled Materials
Research Center through the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, the
Wisconsin Department of Natural resources Waste reduction and recycling

39

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Demonstration Grant Program, and Alliant Energy.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HO-RCRA-2009-064Q-
2086.46

Case Studies -Roadways and Other Infrastructure

EPA's Coal Combustion Products Partnership (C2P2) Program Case Studies

EPA has suspended active participation in the Coal Combustion Products
Partnership program while we are taking and assessing comment on the beneficial
use of coal combustion residuals (CCR) through the CCR proposed rulemaking.
While the Agency continues to support safe and protective beneficial reuse of coal
combustion residues, the C2P2 program web pages have been removed while the
program is being re-evaluated. Materials previously posted on the C2P2 website,
including the case studies that are relevant for EPA's proposal to regulate disposal
of CCRs are still available to the public.

Fly Ash Sub-Grade Stabilization and PPC Optimization, Washburn
Municipal Airport

Presents the use of fly ash as a sub-grade stabilization layer in the
construction of a paved runway.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.2

Fly Ash Concrete Design for Chicago's 100-Year Road Structure

Presents the performance benefits of using fly ash in a concrete roadway
to increase the roadway's service life.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.3

Fly Ash for Highway Construction and Site Development

Presents six state demonstration projects on the use of fly ash in various
aspects of roadway construction.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.10

Full Depth Reclamation - A Rehabilitation Option for Deteriorated
Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements

Presents the use of Class F fly ash, as an additive, to enhance the strength
of an existing pavement for recycling.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.15

40

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Fly Ash in California's Olivenhain Dam

Presents the use of fly ash to construct the Olivenhain Dam.

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-

0640-2086.4

High-Volume Use of High-Carbon Fly Ash for Highway Construction

http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HO-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.21

Coal Fly Ash Used on Ohio Full Depth Reclamation Projects

Presents the effective use of Class F fly ash in combination with lime or
lime kiln dust in the full depth reclamation of roadways.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HO-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.18.

The original article (in an expanded form) appeared in the February 2007
issue of Asphalt Contractor, an on-line magazine dedicated to asphalt
producers and contractors. The magazine provides hot mix asphalt
material producers, highway contractors and public works officials with
critical "how-to" information on the process of HMA production, paving,
and compaction. http://www.forconstructionpros.com/print/Asphalt-
Contractor/Features/Rehabilitating-Asphalt-Hi ghwavs/2FCP4421

Indiana Department of Transportation (InDOT) Case Studies

Case Studies #1-6

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/indianl.pdf
#1: Use of Bottom Ash in an Embankment

#2: Use of a Mixture of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash in an Embankment
#3: Use of a Mixture of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash in an Embankment
#4: Use of Foundry Sand in an Embankment
#5: Use of Shredded Tires in an Embankment
#6: Use of Crushed Glass as Backfill

Use of Fly Ash in Embankments

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/indiana2.pdf

InDOT BU Case Study Documentation

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/indiana3.pdf

Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Case Studies
WisDOT Case Studies #1-2

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/wisconl.pdf
41

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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#1: Use of Fly Ash in an Embankment
#2: Use of Fly Ash to Stabilize Soils

Presentation on WisDOT Fly Ash Stabilization Experiences

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/wiscon2.pdf

Foundry Industry Starts Recycling Today (FIRST) Roadway Case Studies

The AFS-FIRST web site provides several case studies on the beneficial use
applications for spent foundry sand. The initial case studies were developed for
FIRST under a grant from U.S. EPA Region 5.
http://www.afsinc.org/content/view/947/283/

Foundry Sand as an Asphalt Pavement Ingredient

A case study on the use of foundry sand in asphalt pavement for a high
performance test track.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38973

Foundry Sand as Structural Fill and Road Base

A case study on the use of aluminum foundry sand for local construction
projects.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38975

Foundry Sand as Sub Base for an Airport Runway

A case study using foundry green sand as a subbase for a commercial
airport runway.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38976

Foundry Sand for Roadbase and Manufactured Soil

A case study on reclamation of a Pennsylvania coal mine using foundry
sand.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38977

A Resource Recovery Cooperative

A case study of a foundry-owned cooperative in Michigan that processes
sand from multiple foundries for use in asphalt paving, landfill liners, and
soils.

http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx7Art
icleld=38970

RMRC/FHWA/AFS-FIRST Technical Case Studies

42

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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RMRC, FHWA, and AFS-FIRST cooperatively produced a set of technical case
studies to highlight the most common uses of foundry sand in highway projects.
http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/materials/fs/casestudies.asp

Foundry Sand in Embankments and Fill

http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/materials/fs/interstate 94.pdf

Foundry sand as MSE Wall Backfill

http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/materials/fs/schaaf road.pdf

Foundry sand in Subbase Layers

http://www.rmrc.unh.edu/materials/fs/lodi.pdf

National Slag Association (NSA) Roadway-Related Case Studies

The NSA website provides several cases studies on the beneficial use applications
for slag under the "Research/Library" tab.

Sudden Stops and Starts Don't Bother the Illinois Tollway Plazas
Anymore

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 200-4 eaf slag sand mix-
iltollwav.pdf

Largest Stone Matrix Asphalt Project in USA Spans 6 lanes for 8
Miles

http://www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 200-
9 largest sma project in us.pdf

NASCAR Drivers Know a Smooth Surface Starts with a Strong
Foundation

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 202-4 chicagoland racewav.pdf

Slag Fills Six Miles of Two New Concrete Lanes on Busy 1-65 in
Hobart, Indiana

http://www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 202-
5 six lanes of bf concrete on i-65.pdf

Once Again Slag Proves "Less is More" on Michigan's M-63 in
Benton Harbor

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 202-6 michigan m-
63 bf embankment.pdf

1-70 through Colorado's Glenwood Canyon

www, national slag, org/archive/nsa 202-
7 glenwood canyon slag paving on i-70.pdf

43

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Lightweight Slag - the Product of Choice for Highway 17 in Renfrew,
Ontario

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 204-1 lightweight fill-
expanded slag.pdf

Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag is Major Component of NCAT Test
Track Research

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 204-2 neat test track-bf slag.pdf

"Whitetopping" Thin Concrete Overlays Use Blast Furnace Slag in
Wayne County, Michigan

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 205-1 bf slag whitetopping.pdf

Department of Defense Paving Materials Highlight Environmental
Attributes

An Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Case Study successfully used recycled
content products, such as asphalt and concrete.
www.epa. gov/epp/pubs/case/dod pave.htm

Kukkia Circlet Environmentally Friendly System to Renovate Secondary
Roads

A research and demonstration project in Finland on the use of boiler ash and
wastewater residual solids from pulp and paper mills in improving unpaved roads.
http://proiektit.ramboll.fi/luopioinen/life/pdf/iulkaisut/Paper ISEG corr .pdf

Green Highways

Mid-Atlantic Green Highways Partnership- Recycling and Beneficial Reuse
Program Group

The Reuse/Recycling Program Group's section of the Green Highways
Partnership website provides information on using recycled materials in roadway
construction and recycling opportunities for highway rest stops.
http://www.greenhighwavspartnership.org/index.php?option=com content&view
=article&id=23&Itemid=22

Life Cycle Assessment of Highway Pavement

The Concrete Hub at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is conducting a
comparative analysis of the carbon emissions of asphalt and Portland cement
concrete pavements through life cycle assessment. The goal is to quantify the
carbon emissions associated with pavement material selection over a 50-year
lifetime, including maintenance and differences in fuel consumption.
http://web.mit.edu/cshub/news/pdf/PavementsLCAsummarvDec2010.pdf

Concrete Pavement Research and Technology Special Report

44

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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The American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) special report focusing on
the environmental and economic aspects of sustainable concrete pavements.
http://www.pavements41ife.com/QDs/SR385P.pdf

GreenLITES

From the GreenLITEs web site: "..A self-certification program that distinguishes
transportation projects and operations based on the extent to which they
incorporate sustainable choices. NYSDOT project designs and operations are
evaluated for sustainable practices and based on the total credits received, an
appropriate certification level is assigned. The rating system recognizes varying
certification levels, with the highest level going to designs and operational groups
that clearly advance the state of sustainable transportation solutions."
https://www.nysdot.gov/programs/greenlites

Greenroads

Greenroads is a sustainability performance metric, or "rating system", for
roadway design and construction. It is applicable to new and
reconstructed/rehabilitated roadways. It awards points for approved sustainable
practices and can be used to assess roadway project sustainability. Use of
recycled materials and recycling in general are awarded points in this system.
www, greenroads.us

Illinois Livable and Sustainable Transportation (I-LAST)

I-LAST is a rating system developed by the Joint Sustainability Group of the
Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), the American Council of
Engineering Companies-Illinois (ACEC-Illinois) and the Illinois Road and
Transportation Builders Association (IRTBA).
http ://www. acec-il. org/

C. Recycling and Reusing Industrial Materials in Agricultural &
Horticultural Applications

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

ARS conducts research to develop and transfer solutions to agricultural problems of high
national priority and provide information access and dissemination. The ARS research is
organized into National Programs categorized by four areas. The Natural Resources and
Sustainable Agricultural Systems National Programs develops technologies and strategies

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needed to help farmers, ranchers, and other managers effectively steward the diverse
agricultural mosaic spread across the nation. The Manure and Byproduct Utilization
National Program under the Natural Resources area develops cost-effective management
practices, technologies and decision aids that will allow producers to capture the value of
manure and other byproducts without degrading environmental quality or posing a threat
to human and animal health.

ARS Homepage

www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm
Manure and Byproduct Utilization Website

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/programs/programs.htm7NP CODE=2Q6
ARS projects focused on byproduct utilization include:

A Practical Study on Foundry Sand: Literature Review, Inventory, Blending
Guidelines, and Interaction with Nursery Industry Representatives

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7accn no=407643

Use of Spent Foundry Sand: Assessment of Transport and Availability of
Trace Metal and Organic Contaminants and Nutrient Dynamics in Topsoil

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7accn no=407698

Liaison, Coordination, and Data Transfer Between Foundry Sand Industry
and the Agricultural Research Service

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7accn no=407712

Mineral Characteristics of Foundry Sand: Impacts on Soil Hydraulic
Conductivity, Erosion and Plant Growth

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7accn no=409235

Risk Assessment and Remediation of Soil and Amendment Trace Elements

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7accn no=409625

Agricultural and Industrial Uses of FGD Gypsum

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/proiects/proiects.htm7ACCN NO=412739

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI)

NCASI is an independent, non-profit research institute that focuses on environmental
topics of interest to the forest products industry and has published several technical
bulletins on using paper mill byproducts as soil amendments.
www.ncasi.org/publications/default.aspx

Agricultural Uses for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum Brochure,
EPA530-F-08-009, March 2008

46

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Provides general and technical information on the use of FGD gypsum in agricultural
applications. http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-RCRA-2009-
0640-2086.40

Alternative Agricultural Liming Materials

The Alternative Agricultural Liming Materials provides information on specific types of
industrial materials that can be used as liming agents. This was developed as part of a
broader internet training course on Soil Acidity and Liming by the Clemson University
Extension Service under the Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences.
http://hubcap.clemson.edu/~blpprt/acid5.html

Using Industrial Wood Ash as a Soil Amendment

A publication providing technical, environmental, and economic information on the use
of ash from woodburning industries as an agricultural amendment. This publication was
made possible by a grant from the Sustainable Agriculture Program, Agricultural
Resource Management Division, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and
Consumer Protection with funding from the Wisconsin Energy Bureau, Department of
Administration. http://learningstore.uwex.edu/pdf/A3635.pdf

Wood Ash - An Alternative Liming Material for Agricultural Soils

A publication, developed by Alberta Canada's Ministry of Agriculture and Food,
providing information on the technical use and benefits of using wood ash from pulp and
saw mills as an agricultural soil amendment.

http://wwwl.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex3435

Recommended Practices for Using Wood Ash as an Agricultural Soil Amendment.
Bulletin 1147, September 2002

A publication, developed by the University of Georgia, College of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences, that discusses a method for applying wood ash as a lime
substitute on agricultural lands. This method can be used by manufacturers and dealers
who wish to supply wood ash or by landowners who wish to receive wood ash.
http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm7pk id=6251

Using Recycled Wallboard for Crop Production

A publication providing general and technical information on the potential uses for
applying recycled gypsum wallboard to crops and at a construction site. This publication
was funded by WasteCap Wisconsin, Inc. from a grant through the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. http://learningstore.uwex.edu/pdf/A3782.pdf

Demonstration of Coal Ash for Feedlot Surfaces

The University of North Dakota's Energy & Environmental Research Center has
demonstrated the placement, engineering and environmental performance, and economics
of using coal ash to stabilize feedlots. The technical report and other information sources
on coal ash use in feedlot stabilization are found on the website. The funding for this
demonstration was provided by Great River Energy, Otter Tail Power Company, the U.S.

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Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, the North Dakota
Industrial Commission, and the North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and
Education, www.undeerc.org/carrc/html/Feedlot.html

Soil Remediation, Revitalization, and Reuse: Technical Performance Measures

Developed by U.S. EPA's Superfund program, the Technical Performance Measures
(TPM) is a web-based tool designed for site managers, their technical support teams, and
other stakeholders to assess whether soil amendments used for remediation,
revitalization, and reuse of metals-contaminated sites are functioning as designed to
reduce risks to human health and the environment. The TPMs could be applied to the
beneficial use of materials as soil amendments, www.clu-in.org/products/tpm/

Case Studies - Agricultural and Horticultural Uses

Foundry Industry Starts Recycling Today (FIRST) Agricultural Case
Studies. The AFS-FIRST web site provides several case studies on the beneficial
use applications for spent foundry sand. The initial case studies were developed
for FIRST under a grant from U.S. EPA Region 5.
http://www.afsinc.org/content/view/947/283/

Foundry Sand for Manufactured Soil and Roadbase

A case study on reclamation of a Pennsylvania coal mine using foundry sand.
http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx?Article!d=

38977

Resource Recovery Cooperative

A case study of a foundry-owned cooperative in Michigan that processes sand
from multiple foundries for use in soils, asphalt paving, and landfill liners.
http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx?Article!d=

38970

Foundry Sand as Manufactured Potting Soil

A case study on blending spent foundry sand with local peat moss.
http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx?Article!d=

38971

Foundry Sand in Land Application: Community Rain Garden

A case study focused on the use of foundry sand to install a raingarden.
http://www.afslibrarv.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx?Article!d=

38978	or

http://www.epa.gov/opispdwb/sectorinfo/sectorprofiles/metalcasting/Indianapolis
Castings Corp 1 31 2008.pdf

Foundry Sand In Land Application: Creation of a Berm at County
Fairgrounds A case study on the use of foundry sand to create a berm at the

48

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

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Marion County Fairgrounds.

http://www.afslibrary.com/Home/Results/Detail/tabid/55/Default.aspx?ArticleId=

38982

National Slag Association (NSA) Agricultural-Related Case Studies

The NSA website provides several cases studies on the beneficial use applications for
slag under the "Research/Library" tab.

American Agriculture Gets Growth Spurt Using Electric Arc Furnace Slag
as Liming Agent

www.nationalslag.org/archive/nsa 201-4 eaf slag liming agent.pdf

D. Other Specifications and Standards Resources

Beneficial Use of Industrial By-Products: Identification and Review of Materials
Specifications, Performance Standards, and Technical Guidance, December 2003

This document was developed for the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement
under a grant from U.S. EPA Region 5. The document identifies and summarizes
existing performance standards, material specifications, and technical guidance for the
beneficial use of byproducts from four industries: cement, foundry, pulp and paper, and
coal-fired utility, www.bvproductsummit.com/midwest/summit/rmt rpt.pdf

VI. Finding Industrial Material Suppliers

National Slag Association (NSA)

The NSA has a listing of iron and steel slag processors in the U.S. based on a U.S. Geological
Survey report, www.nationalslag.org/slagsites.htm

U.S. EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) Supplier Database

The CPG Supplier database is tool to assist in locating vendors who sell or distribute CPG-
designated products with recycled content. CPG-designated products are those products
identified by the EPA that are or can be made with recovered materials. For products designated
by EPA, procuring agencies using federal funds are required to buy the product with the greatest
recycled content practicable, http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/database.htm

General Service Administration (GSA) Advantage

Cement and concrete containing coal fly ash can be ordered through the General Service
Administration's (GSA's) online ordering system. In addition, GSA publishes various supply
catalogues, guides, and schedules for recycled-content products available through the Federal
Supply Service, https://www.gsaadvantage.gov/advgsa/advantage/main/start page.do

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) Database

The environmentally preferable purchasing database, developed by public and private

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organizations, is a tool to assist in the purchasing of products and services with reduced
environmental impacts. This database contains environmental information on over 600 products
including contract language, specifications, and policies; environmental standards and
guidelines; and lists of vendors that meet these standards.
http ://vosemite 1. epa. gov/oppt/eppstand2 .nsf

Northeast Recycling Council's Environmentally Preferable Products Listserv (EPPnet)

EPPnet is a listserv for federal, state, and local environmental procurement officials; and private
procurement specialists charged with purchasing green products and services and developing
policies for the procurement of these products. EPPnet provides subscribers with information
which includes availability of product specifications, vendors of particular products, and pricing
information, www.nerc.org/eppnet/index.html

Rubbersidewalks, Inc.

Rubbersidewalks, Inc. is a company that markets, sells, and supplies modular sidewalk paving
systems, and other products made from recycled tire rubber, http://www.rubbersidewalks.com

Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Recycled Material Suppliers Map

TxDOT developed this interactive map to help roadway designers, project managers and
contractors locate and contact facilities that generate or process a specific roadway recycled
material such as concrete, compost or slag.

http://www.txdot.gov/business/contractors consultants/producers.htm

VII. Locating C&D Materials Recyclers

Construction Materials Recycling Association Website

The Construction Materials Recycling Association's (CMRA) website, under the "Find a
Recycler" section, provides a list of C&D recyclers. CMRA is a 501(c)(3) organization that
promotes the recycling of construction and demolition materials.
www, cdrecvcling. org/

Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center (CICA)

The CICA center is an EPA-funded environmental compliance assistance website for contractors
and builders/developers. The website contains a C&D materials State Resource Locator, where
contractors can find state and municipal recycling programs.
www, cicacenter. org

The Whole Building Design Guide's Construction Waste Management Database

The Construction Waste Management Database contains information on companies that haul,
collect, and process recyclable debris from construction projects. Created in 2002 by the U.S.
General Services Administration's Environmental Strategies and Safety Division to promote
responsible waste disposal, the database is a free online service for those seeking companies that

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recycled construction debris in their area. The database is searchable by state, zip code, or

materials recycled.

www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php

VIII. Locating Potential End-Users

American Foundry Society's (AFS) Beneficial Reuse Directory

This tool provides users the ability to search by zip code and radius to identify ready-mixed
concrete, asphalt, and Portland cement facilities that may use spent aluminum, iron, and steel
foundry sands in their manufactured products. The end-users are available through a listing and
Google map views, www.afsinc.org/component/option.com mtree/ltemid. 193

IX. Industrial Materials Recycling in the News

EPA and Montclair State University Agree on High Environmental Goals

EPA press release highlighting Montclair State University's commitment, through a
Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. EPA Region 2, to utilize some of the latest green
technologies and practices at its 246-acre campus.

http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a883dc3da7094f97852572a00065d7d8/b6cl39f789cal
f7d8525746b00554201! QpenDocument

EPA and New York Mets Agree on Environmental Goals for Citi Field

EPA press release highlighting Queens Ballpark Company, L.L.C commitment to build and
operate Citi Field, the New York Mets' new stadium, using some of the latest green technologies
and practices.

http://vosemite.epa.gOv/opa/admpress.nsf/0/D87469E9E29DE0238525740B004FC02C

Professionals and Students Recognized for Lifecycle Building Innovation

EPA press release highlighting the second annual Lifecycle Building Challenge awards
ceremony at the WasteWise/National Partnership for Environmental Priorities Conference in
Washington, D.C..

http://vosemite.epa.gOv/opa/admpress.nsf/0/D6E7D07F607FDBEE852574F100789DAl
Byproducts Becoming Cornerstones

New York Times article published in the Square Feet pages on November 2008 about the
growing proportion of recycled material in the concrete for office and residential towers.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/ll/19/business/19concrete.html? r=l&sq=byproducts%20becomi
ng%20corner%20stones&st=cse&adxnnl=1 &scp=1 &adxnnlx= 123 0662940-
tpyo8H6MCWx 1 w523 0YNm8w

Reduce, reuse, recycle

American City and County magazine article published on October 2008 about the green practices

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encouraged throughout Washington state, but especially in King County including the use of fly
ash as a cement substitute.

http://americancitvandcountv.com/pubwks/solid waste/reduce reuse recycle/

America Recycles Day Presidential Proclamation

Statement by the President recognizing the importance of safe recycling from electronics to
industrial byproducts.

http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr 2007/ianqtr/pdf/3CFR8083.pdf

Structure to be World's Largest Built with Recycled Industrial Materials

EPA press release announcing Destiny USA's promise to build with recycled industrial materials
and to use a variety of other environmentally sustainable practices in its Syracuse, N.Y. project.
http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a8f952395381d3968525701cQ05e65b5/73e240963aa2
aad0852571f50057e48c!QpenDocument

EPA and DestiNY USA Announce Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

EPA press release highlighting the signing of an agreement, by EPA Region 2 Administrator
Alan J. Steinberg and Destiny USA founder and chairman Robert Congel, committing Destiny
USA to use environmentally-sound practices in constructing and running its project in Syracuse,
N.Y.

http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a8f952395381d3968525701c005e65b5/51dbfdccl4dce
9db852571f40059eb9a!OpenDocument

Kohler Aims for Cleaner Bodies and a Cleaner Environment - Foundry Sand

EPA news article on Kohler's successful endeavors in working with the Wisconsin DOT and
other companies to recycle their non-hazardous spent foundry sand as a sub-base for roads and
other construction applications.

http://epa.gov/epawaste/inforesources/news/2007news/07-kohler.htm
Fly Ash Reuse Takes Off

EPA news article on the reuse of fly ash in the construction of the new runway at Wisconsin's
Waukesha County Airport.

http://epa.gov/epawaste/inforesources/news/2007news/Q2-flv-ash.htm

U.S. EPA Announces Winners of First in the Nation Lifecycle Building Design Competition

EPA press release highlighting the awards ceremony of the inaugural Lifecycle Building
Challenge on September 20, 2007, at the West Coast Green Conference in San Francisco. This
is a national competition to promote building material reuse though disassembly and adaptability
and has collected innovative designs ideas from across the nation.

http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/2dd7f669225439b78525735900400c31/2b565Q3f821d
5016852573 5c0079d5e4!QpenDocument

Road damaged by Mine Collapse to Reopen

Kansas City Kansan article highlights the use of fly ash to fix the damage caused to a road by
collapsed mine chambers, http://kansascitvkansan.com/print/7980

52

Disclaimer of Endorsement: Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States
Government. They are provided for informational purposes only.

-------