PUBLIC RELEASE DRAFT — DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
December 2023

SEPA

December 2023

United States	Office of Chemical Safety and

Environmental Protection Agency	Pollution Prevention

Draft Risk Evaluation for
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Systematic Review Supplemental File:

Data Quality Evaluation Information for
General Population, Consumer, and Environmental Exposure

CASRN: 115-96-8

December 2023

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PUBLIC RELEASE DRAFT — DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
December 2023

This supplemental file contains information regarding the data quality evaluation results for data sources that met the
PECO screening criteria for the Draft Risk Evaluation for Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) (U.S. EPA, 2023, 11151775).
EPA conducted data quality evaluation and extraction based on author-reported descriptions and results; additional analyses
(e.g., statistical analyses) potentially conducted by EPA are not contained in this supplemental file. EPA performs data quality
evaluation as a part of the TSCA systematic review process described in the Draft Systematic Review Protocol Supporting TSCA
Risk Evaluations for Chemical Substances (U.S. EPA, 2021, 10415760). The systematic review steps are further described in
the Draft Risk Evaluation for Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) - Systematic Review Protocol (U.S. EPA, 2023,11151709).

Additionally, the overall quality determination (OQD) for each reference represents the data as a whole for each evidence
stream, not for individual scenarios described within a study. For example, a reference that has both monitoring and exper-
imental data would have OQDs using the data quality evaluation metrics for monitoring and experimental data, respectively.
An OQD utilizing the data quality evaluation metrics for monitoring data, or any other single evidence stream, would consider
all data pertinent to that evidence stream in the reference. Acronyms and abbreviations used within this supplemental file are
defined in the table at the end of this file. This supplemental file may also be referred to as TCEP Data Quality Evaluation
Information for General Population, Consumer, and Environmental Exposure.

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Table of Contents

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1619118

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Stapleton, H. M., Misenheimer, J., Hoffman, K., Webster, T. F. (2014). Flame retardant associations between children's handwipes and
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Schreder, E. D., La Guardia, M. J. (2014). Flame retardant transfers from U.S. households (dust and laundry wastewater) to the aquatic
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Dodson, R. E., Van den Eede, N., Covaci, A., Perovich, L. J., Brody, J. G., Rudel, R. A. (2014). Urinary Biomonitoring of Phosphate Flame
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Tajima, S., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Ait Bamai, Y., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S., Kishi, R. (2014). Detection and intake
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Eulaers, I., Jaspers, V. L., Halley, D. J., Lepoint, G., Nygard, T., Pinxten, R., Covaci, A., Eens, M. (2014). Brominated and phosphorus
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Cheng, W., Sun, L., Huang, W., Ruan, T., Xie, Z., Zhang, P., Ding, R., Li, M. (2013). Detection and distribution of Tris(2-chloroethyl)
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Makinen, M. S. E., Makinen, M. R. A., Koistinen, J. T. B., Pasanen, A. L., Pasanen, P. O., Kalliokoski, P. J., Korpi, A. M. (2009). Respi-
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Regnery, J., Piittmann, W., Merz, C., Berthold, G. (2011). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticiz-
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Sundkvist, A. M., Olofsson, U., Haglund, P. (2010). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in marine and fresh water biota
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Regnery, J., Piittmann, W. (2010). Seasonal fluctuations of organophosphate concentrations in precipitation and storm water runoff. Chemo-
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Staaf, T., Ostman, C. (2005). Organophosphate triesters in indoor environments. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 7:883-887.

Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in air from various indoor environ-
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Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2003). Screening of organophosphorus compounds and their distribution in various indoor
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Zheng, X., Xu, F., Chen, K., Zeng, Y., Luo, X., Chen, S., Mai, B., Covaci, A. (2015). Flame retardants and organochlorines in indoor
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Brandsma, S. H., Leonards, P., Leslie, H. A., de Boer, J. (2015). Tracing organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants and plasticizers
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He, C., Zheng, J., Qiao, L.,in, Chen, S., Yang, J., Yuan, J. G., Yang, Z. Y.,i, Mai, B.,iX (2015). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame
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Peverly, A. A., Ma, Y., Venier, M., Rodenburg, Z., Spak, S. N., Hornbuckle, K. C., Hites, R. A. (2015). Variations of flame retardant,
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Matsukami, H., Nguyen Minh Tue, Suzuki, G.,o, Someya, M., Le Huu Tuyen, Pham Hung Viet, Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Takigami,
H. (2015). Flame retardant emission from e-waste recycling operation in northern Vietnam: Environmental occurrence of emerging
organophosphorus esters used as alternatives for PBDEs. Science of the Total Environment 514:492-499.

Takeuchi, S., Tanaka-Kagawa, T., Saito, I., Kojima, H., Jin, K., Satoh, M., Kobayashi, S., Jinno, H. (2015). Differential determination
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Kucharska, A., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C., Becher, G., Covaci, A., Voorspoels, S. (2015). Assessment of human hair as an indicator of
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La Guardia, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and
polyurethane foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.

Lai, S., Xie, Z., Song, T., Tang, J., Zhang, Y., Mi, W., Peng, J., Zhao, Y., Zou, S., Ebinghaus, R. (2015). Occurrence and dry deposition of
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Mizouchi, S., Ichiba, M., Takigami, H., Kajiwara, N., Takamuku, T., Miyajima, T., Kodama, H., Someya, T., Ueno, D. (2015). Expo-
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Chemosphere 123:17-25.

Van Den Eede, N., Heffernan, A., Aylward, L. L., Hobson, P., Neels, H., Mueller, J. F., Covaci, A. (2015). Age as a determinant of phosphate
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Salamova, A., Ma, Y., Venier, M., Hites, R. A. (2014). High levels of organophosphate flame retardants in the great lakes atmosphere.
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Liu, L. Y., Salamova, A., He, K., Hites, R. A. (2015). Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging halogenated and
organophosphate flame retardants in human hair and nails. Journal of Chromatography A 1406:251-257.

O'Brien, J. W., Thai, P. K., Brandsma, S. H., Leonards, P. E., Ort, C., Mueller, J. F. (2015). Wastewater analysis of Census day samples to
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Woudneh, M. B., Benskin, J. P., Wang, G., Grace, R., Hamilton, M. C., Cosgrove, J. R. (2015). Quantitative determination of 13
organophosphorous flame retardants and plasticizers in a wastewater treatment system by high performance liquid chromatography tandem
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Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., La Guardia, M. J. (2016). Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame
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Wu, M.,in, Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wu, D., Liu, K.,ai, Deng, S., Huang, J.,un, Wang, B.,in, Wang, Y. (2016). Characterization and human
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150:465-471.

Langer, S., Fredricsson, M., Weschler, C. J., Beko, G., Strandberg, B., Remberger, M., Toftum, J., Clausen, G. (2016). Organophosphate
esters in dust samples collected from Danish homes and daycare centers. Chemosphere 154:559-566.

Coelho, S. D., Sousa, A. C., Isobe, T., Kim, J. W., Kunisue, T., Nogueira, A. J., Tanabe, S. (2016). Brominated, chlorinated and phosphate
organic contaminants in house dust from Portugal. Science of the Total Environment 569-570:442-449.

Ding, J., Xu, Z., Huang, W.,ei, Feng, L., Yang, F. (2016). Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in human placenta in
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Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., Buxton, H. T. (2002). Pharmaceuticals, hormones,
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3354640	Shi, Y. L., Gao, L. H., Li, W. H., Wang, Y., Liu, J. M., Cai, Y. Q. (2016). Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of organophosphate

flame retardants and plasticizers in urban surface water in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution 209:1-10.

3357642	Xu, F., Giovanoulis, G., van Waes, S., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Papadopoulou, E., Magner, J., Haug, L. S., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2016).

Comprehensive study of human external exposure to organophosphate flame retardants via air, dust, and hand wipes: The importance of
sampling and assessment strategy. Environmental Science and Technology 50:7752-7760.

3361031	Kile, M. L., Scott, R. P., O'Connell, S. G., Lipscomb, S., Macdonald, M., Mcclelland, M., Anderson, K. A. (2016). Using silicone

wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. Environmental Research 147:365-372.

3364193	Kingsbury, J. A., Delzer, G. C., Hopple, J. A. (2008). Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of nine community water systems

that withdraw from streams, 2002-05. Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5208 68.

3366534	Gao, L., Shi, Y., Li, W., Liu, J., Cai, Y. (2016). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate triesters and diesters in sludge from sewage

treatment plants of Beijing, China. Science of the Total Environment 544:143-149.

3373199	Liang, K., Liu, J. (2016). Understanding the distribution, degradation and fate of organophosphate esters in an advanced municipal sewage

treatment plant based on mass flow and mass balance analysis. Science of the Total Environment 544:262-270.

3449324	Faiz, Y., Zhao, W.,ei, Feng, J., Sun, C., He, H., Zhu, J. (2016). Occurrence of triphenylphosphine oxide and other organophosphorus

compounds in indoor air and settled dust of an institute building. Building and Environment 106:196-204.

3453174	Kong, L., Kadokami, K., Duong, H. T., Chau, H. T. (2016). Screening of 1300 organic micro-pollutants in groundwater from Beijing and

Tianjin, North China. Chemosphere 165:221-230.

3455908	Lee, S., Jeong, W., Kannan, K., Moon, H. B. (2016). Occurrence and exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs)

through the consumption of drinking water in Korea. Water Research 103:182-188.

3457341	Liu, D., Lin, T., Shen, K., Li, J., Yu, Z., Zhang, G. (2016). Occurrence and Concentrations of Halogenated Flame Retardants in the

Atmospheric Fine Particles in Chinese Cities. Environmental Science and Technology 50:9846-9854.

3463794	Zhao, F., Wan, Y., Zhao, H., Hu, W., Mu, D., Webster, T. F., Hu, J. (2016). Levels of blood organophosphorus flame retardants and

association with changes in human sphingolipid homeostasis. Environmental Science and Technology 50:8896-8903.

3464010	Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming

pools. Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

3466615	Abdollahi, A., Eng, A., Jantunen, L. M., Ahrens, L., Shoeib, M., Parnis, J. M., Harner, T. (2017). Characterization of polyurethane

foam (PUF) and sorbent impregnated PUF (SIP) disk passive air samplers for measuring organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere
167:212-219.

3468265	Zhang, X., Zou, W., Mu, L., Chen, Y., Ren, C., Hu, X., Zhou, Q. (2016). Rice ingestion is a major pathway for human exposure to

organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 318:686-693.

3559503	Focazio, M. J., Kolpin, D. W., Barnes, K. K., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., Thurman, M. E. (2008). A national

reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States-II) untreated drinking water sources.
Science of the Total Environment 402:201-216.

3604490	Tokumura, M., Hatayama, R., Tatsu, K., Naito, T., Takeda, T., Raknuzzaman, M., -Al-Mamun, M. H., Masunaga, S. (2017). Organophos-

phate flame retardants in the indoor air and dust in cars in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189:48.

3841180	Hu, J., Li, N., Yoshino, H., Yanagi, U., Hasegawa, K., Kagi, N., He, Y., Wei, X. (2017). Field study on indoor health risk factors in

households with schoolchildren in south-central China. Building and Environment 117:260-273.

3860951	Loos, R., Tavazzi, S., Mariani, G., Suurkuusk, G., Paracchini, B., Umlauf, G. (2017). Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in water,

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Hu, Y. X., Sun, Y. X., Li, X., Xu, W. H., Zhang, Y., Luo, X. J., Dai, S. H., Xu, X. R., Mai, B. X. (2017). Organophosphorus flame retardants
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Olofsson, U., Brorstrom-Lunden, E., Kylin, H., Haglund, P. (2013). Comprehensive mass flow analysis of Swedish sludge contaminants.
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Li, Y., Yang, C., Zha, D., Wang, L., Lu, G., Sun, Q., Wu, D. (2018). In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative samplers
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Christia, C., Poma, G., Besis, A., Samara, C., Covaci, A. (2018). Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from
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Poma, G., Sales, C., Bruyland, B., Christia, C., Goscinny, S., Van Loco, J., Covaci, A. (2018). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame
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Persson, J., Wang, T., Hagberg, J. (2018). Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor dust, air and window wipes in newly
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Been, F., Bastiaensen, M., Lai, F. Y., van Nuijs, A. L. N., Covaci, A. (2017). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis
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Yadav, I. C., Devi, N. L., Li, J., Zhang, G. (2018). Organophosphate ester flame retardants in Nepalese soil: Spatial distribution, source
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He, M. J., Lu, J. F., Ma, J. Y., Wang, H., Du, X. F. (2018). Organophosphate esters and phthalate esters in human hair from rural and
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Kishi, R., Ketema, R. M., Bamai, Y. A., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Saito, I., Yoshioka, E., Saito, T. (2018). Indoor environmental
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Fan, G., Xie, J., Yoshino, H., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Li, N., Liu, J., Lv, Y., Zhu, S., Yanagi, U., Hasegawa, K., Kagi, N., Zhang, X., Liu, J.
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Zhang, H., Zhou, Q., Xie, Z., Zhou, Y., Tu, C., Fu, C., Mi, W., Ebinghaus, R., Christie, P., Luo, Y. (2018). Occurrences of organophosphorus
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Kurt-Karakus, P., Alegria, H., Birgul, A., Gungormus, E., Jantunen, L. (2018). Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and
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Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Poly dimethyl siloxane (silicone
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Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Lu, S., Kang, L., Luo, X., Liu, G., Cui, X., Yu, Y. (2019). Organophosphate ester and phthalate ester metabolites in
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Cao, D., Lv, K., Gao, W., Fu, J., Wu, J., Fu, J., Wang, Y., Jiang, G. (2019). Presence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate
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Velazquez-Gomez, M., Hurtado-Fernandez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the
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Qi, C., Yu, G., Zhong, M., Peng, G., Huang, J., Wang, B. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in leachates from six municipal
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Tan, H., Chen, D., Peng, C., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Li, X., Du, R., Wang, B., Guo, Y., Zeng, E. Y. (2018). Novel and Traditional Organophosphate
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Flame Retardants in Polyurethane Foam Collected from Baby Products. Environmental Science and Technology 45:5323-5331.

Stapleton, H. M., Sharma, S., Getzinger, G., Ferguson, P., Gabriel, M., Webster, T. F., Blum, A. (2012). Novel and High Volume Use Flame
Retardants in US Couches Reflective of the 2005 PentaBDE Phase Out. Environmental Science and Technology 46:13432-13439.

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3012534
3464010
4175610

4442465
4731349
5165777
5167126
5176516
5470041

5708386

Database
10663361

10668533

Completed Assessment
1336629

3809216
5155521
5155555
5160070

5185320
Survey
Modeling
1927602

La Guardia, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and
polyurethane foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.

Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming
pools. Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

Miyake, Y., Tokumura, M., Nakayama, H., Wang, Q., Amagai, T., Ogo, S., Kume, K., Kobayashi, T., Takasu, S., Ogawa, K., Kannan,
K. (2017). Simultaneous determination of brominated and phosphate flame retardants in flame-retarded polyester curtains by a novel
extraction method. Science of the Total Environment 601-602:1333-1339.

Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measurements of parameters controlling the emissions of organophosphate flame retardants in
indoor environments. Environmental Science and Technology 52:5821-5829.

Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J. (2001). Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment-an
inter-laboratory exposure study. Indoor Air 11:145-149.

Lazarov, B., Swinnen, R., Spruyt, M., Maes, F., Van Campenhout, K., Goelen, E., Covaci, A., Stranger, M. (2015). Air sampling of flame
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Wu, Y., Miller, G. Z., Gearhart, J., Romanak, K., Lopez-Avila, V., Venier, M. (2019). Children's car seats contain legacy and novel flame
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Gomes, G., Ward, P., Lorenzo, A., Hoffman, K., Stapleton, H. M. (2016). Characterizing flame retardant applications and potential human
exposure in backpacking tents. Environmental Science and Technology 50:5338-5345.

Stubbings, W. A., Drage, D. S., Harrad, S. (2016). Chlorinated organophosphate and "legacy" brominated flame retardants in UK waste
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Gu, J., Wensing, M., Uhde, E., Salthammer, T. (2019). Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted during operation of a
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U.S. EPA, U.S.G.S. and National Water Quality Monitoring Council (2022). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (CAS RN: 115-96-8):
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Ali, N., Dirtu, A. C., van den Eede, N., Goosey, E., Harrad, S., Neels, H., 'T Mannetje, A., Coakley, J., Douwes, J., Covaci, A. (2012).
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Table of Contents

2215665
2345990
2542290
2662833
2919497
2921301

2938137
3010476
3222316
3222715

3357642

3455908
3464010
3468265
3604490
3861290

3862171

3862555
3863211

Shin, H. M., Mckone, T. E., Nishioka, M. G., Fallin, M. D., Croen, L. A., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Newschaffer, C. J., Bennett, D. H. (2014).
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Abdallah, M. A. E., Covaci, A. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from Egypt: Implications for human exposure.
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Tajima, S., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Ait Bamai, Y., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S., Kishi, R. (2014). Detection and intake
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Mihajlovic, I., Fries, E. (2012). Atmospheric deposition of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) onto soils. Atmospheric
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Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in air from various indoor environ-
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Kim, J., Isobe, T., Muto, M., Nguyen Minh Tue, Katsura, K., Malarvannan, G., Sudaryanto, A., Chang, K. H., Prudente, M., Pham Hung
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He, C., Zheng, J., Qiao, L.,in, Chen, S., Yang, J., Yuan, J. G., Yang, Z. Y.,i, Mai, B.,iX (2015). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame
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Malarvannan, G., Belpaire, C., Geeraerts, C., Eulaers, I., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2015). Organophosphorus flame retardants in the European
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Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., La Guardia, M. J. (2016). Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame
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Wu, M.,in, Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wu, D., Liu, K.,ai, Deng, S., Huang, J.,un, Wang, B.,in, Wang, Y. (2016). Characterization and human
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Xu, F., Giovanoulis, G., van Waes, S., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Papadopoulou, E., Magner, J., Haug, L. S., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2016).
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sampling and assessment strategy. Environmental Science and Technology 50:7752-7760.

Lee, S., Jeong, W., Kannan, K., Moon, H. B. (2016). Occurrence and exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs)
through the consumption of drinking water in Korea. Water Research 103:182-188.

Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming
pools. Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

Zhang, X., Zou, W., Mu, L., Chen, Y., Ren, C., Hu, X., Zhou, Q. (2016). Rice ingestion is a major pathway for human exposure to
organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 318:686-693.

Tokumura, M., Hatayama, R., Tatsu, K., Naito, T., Takeda, T., Raknuzzaman, M., -Al-Mamun, M. H., Masunaga, S. (2017). Organophos-
phate flame retardants in the indoor air and dust in cars in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189:48.

He, M. J., Yang, T., Yang, Z. H., Li, Q., Wei, S. Q. (2017). Occurrence and Distribution of Organophosphate Esters in Surface Soil
and Street Dust from Chongqing, China: Implications for Human Exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
73:349-361.

Zheng, X., Qiao, L., Covaci, A., Sun, R., Guo, H., Zheng, J., Luo, X., Xie, Q., Mai, B. (2017). Brominated and phosphate flame
retardants (FRs) in indoor dust from different microenvironments: Implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal contact.
Chemosphere 184:185-191.

Zhou, L., Hiltscher, M., Piittmann, W. (2017). Occurrence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor
dust from various microenvironments of the Rhine/Main region, Germany. Indoor Air 27:1113-1127.

La Guardia, M. J., Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., Hale, R. C. (2017). Human Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants:
Influence of Airborne Particle Size. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:507.

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Table of Contents

3864462	Castorina, R., Butt, C., Stapleton, H. M., Avery, D., Harley, K. G., Holland, N., Eskenazi, B., Bradman, A. (2017). Flame retardants and

their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere 179:159-166.

4161520	Iqbal, M., Syed, J. H., Breivik, K., Chaudhry, M. J. I., Li, J., Zhang, G., Malik, R. N. (2017). E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The

First Evidence of Environmental and Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City. Environmental Science and Technology
51:13895-13905.

4162250	Cristale, J., Aragao Bele, T. G., Lacorte, S., Rodrigues de Marchi, M. R. (2018). Occurrence and human exposure to brominated and

organophosphorus flame retardants via indoor dust in a Brazilian city. Environmental Pollution 237:695-703.

4164912	Muenhor, D., Moon, H. B., Lee, S., Goosey, E. (2018). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust

from a manual e-waste dismantling facility and adjacent communities in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:
Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 53:79-90.

4168728	Zeng, X., Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Gao, S., Yu, Z. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and

their potential health exposure risk. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37:345-352.

4285929	He, C., Wang, X., Thai, P., Baduel, C., Gallen, C., Banks, A., Bainton, P., English, K., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Organophosphate and bromi-

nated flame retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure. Environmental
Pollution 235:670-679.

4292121	Christia, C., Poma, G., Besis, A., Samara, C., Covaci, A. (2018). Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from

Greece: Implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 196:231-239.

4292129	Deng, W. J., Li, N., Wu, R., Richard, W. K. S., Wang, Z., Ho, W. (2018). Phosphorus flame retardants and Bisphenol A in indoor dust and

PM2.5 in kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong. Environmental Pollution 235:365-371.

4292130	Poma, G., Sales, C., Bruyland, B., Christia, C., Goscinny, S., Van Loco, J., Covaci, A. (2018). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame

retardants and plasticizers (PFRs) in Belgian foodstuffs and estimation of the dietary exposure of the adult population. Environmental
Science and Technology 52:2331-2338.

4292136	Larsson, K., de Wit, C. A., Sellstrom, U., Sahlstrom, L., Lindh, C. H., Berglund, M. (2018). Brominated flame retardants and organophos-

phate esters in preschool dust and children's hand wipes. Environmental Science and Technology 52:4878-4888.

4433160	Kademoglou, K., Xu, F., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Haug, L. S., Covaci, A., Collins, C. D. (2017). Legacy and alternative flame retardants in

Norwegian and UK indoor environment: Implications of human exposure via dust ingestion. Environment International 102:48-56.

4442465	Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measurements of parameters controlling the emissions of organophosphate flame retardants in

indoor environments. Environmental Science and Technology 52:5821-5829.

4678306	Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measuring and modeling surface sorption dynamics of organophosphate flame retardants on

impervious surfaces. Chemosphere 193:754-762.

4728480	He, R. W., Li, Y. Z., Xiang, P., Li, C., Cui, X. Y., Ma, L. Q. (2018). Impact of particle size on distribution and human exposure of flame

retardants in indoor dust. Environmental Research 162:166-172.

4731349	Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J. (2001). Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment-an

inter-laboratory exposure study. Indoor Air 11:145-149.

5017615	Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Poly dimethyl siloxane (silicone

rubber) brooch as a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 208:1002-1007.

5039996	Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Lu, S., Kang, L., Luo, X., Liu, G., Cui, X., Yu, Y. (2019). Organophosphate ester and phthalate ester metabolites in

urine from primiparas in Shenzhen, China: Implications for health risks. Environmental Pollution 247:944-952.

5043334	Cao, D., Lv, K., Gao, W., Fu, J., Wu, J., Fu, J., Wang, Y., Jiang, G. (2019). Presence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate

flame retardants (OPEs) in indoor dust and air in Beijing, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 169:383-391.

5043338	Velazquez-Gomez, M., Hurtado-Fernandez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the

Barcelona urban area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.

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Table of Contents

5079822	Park, H., Choo, G., Kim, H., Oh, J. E. (2018). Evaluation of the current contamination status of PFASs and OPFRs in South Korean tap

water associated with its origin. Science of the Total Environment 634:1505-1512.

5083520	Sha, B., Dahlberg, A. K., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L. (2018). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs),

organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home envi-
ronments. Environmental Pollution 241:319-330.

5162697	Sun, Y„ Liu, L. Y„ Sverko, E„ Li, Y. F„ Li, H. L„ Huo, C. Y„ Ma, W. L„ Song, W. W„ Zhang, Z. F. (2019). Organophosphate flame

retardants in college dormitory dust of northern Chinese cities: Occurrence, human exposure and risk assessment. Science of the Total
Environment 665:731-738.

5162898	Khairy, M. A., Lohmann, R. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in the indoor and outdoor dust and gas-phase of Alexandria, Egypt.

Chemosphere 220:275-285.

5163218	Liu, X., Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wang, B., Huang, J., Deng, S., Wang, Y. (2017). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants on skin wipes:

Insight into human exposure from dermal absorption. Environment International 98:113-119.

5163353	Wang, Y., Sun, H., Zhu, H., Yao, Y., Chen, H., Ren, C., Wu, F., Kannan, K. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate

flame retardants (OPFRs) in soil and outdoor settled dust from a multi-waste recycling area in China. Science of the Total Environment
625:1056-1064.

5163600	He, R., Li, Y., Xiang, P., Li, C., Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Cui, X., Ma, L. Q. (2016). Organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate esters in

indoor dust from different microenvironments: Bioaccessibility and risk assessment. Chemosphere 150:528-535.

5163693	Rantakokko, P., Kumar, E., Braber, J., Huang, T., Kiviranta, H., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C. (2019). Concentrations of brominated and

phosphorous flame retardants in Finnish house dust and insights into children's exposure. Chemosphere 223:99-107.

5164389	Brommer, S., Harrad, S., Van Den Eede, N., Covaci, A. (2012). Concentrations of organophosphate esters and brominated flame retardants

in German indoor dust samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:2482-2487.

5164542	Yin, H., Wu, D., You, J., Li, S., Deng, X., Luo, Y., Zheng, W. (2019). Occurrence, Distribution, and Exposure Risk of Organophosphate

Esters in Street Dust from Chengdu, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 76:617-629.

5164613	Wang, Y., Li, W., Martinez-Moral, M. P., Sun, H., Kannan, K. (2019). Metabolites of organophosphate esters in urine from the United

States: Concentrations, temporal variability, and exposure assessment. Environment International 122:213-221.

5165540	Kim, J. W., Isobe, T., Sudaryanto, A., Malarvannan, G., Chang, K. H., Muto, M., Prudente, M., Tanabe, S. (2013). Organophosphorus

flame retardants in house dust from the Philippines: occurrence and assessment of human exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research 20:812-822.

5165673	Zhang, T„ Bai, X. Y„ Lu, S. Y„ Zhang, B„ Xie, L„ Zheng, H. C„ Jiang, Y. C„ Zhou, M. Z„ Zhou, Z. Q„ Song, S. M„ He, Y„ Gui, M.

W., Ouyang, J. P., Huang, H. B., Kannan, K. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants in China: Health risk from
tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exposure. Environment International 121:1363-1371.

5166285	Poma, G., Glynn, A., Malarvannan, G., Covaci, A., Darnerud, P. O. (2017). Dietary intake of phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) using

Swedish food market basket estimations. Food and Chemical Toxicology 100:1-7.

5166709	Liu, X., Cao, Z., Yu, G., Wu, M., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Huang, J. (2018). Estimation of exposure to organic flame retardants via hand

wipe, surface wipe, and dust: Comparability of different assessment strategies. Environmental Science and Technology 52:9946-9953.

5176516	Gomes, G., Ward, P., Lorenzo, A., Hoffman, K., Stapleton, H. M. (2016). Characterizing flame retardant applications and potential human

exposure in backpacking tents. Environmental Science and Technology 50:5338-5345.

5184238	Zhao, L., Jian, K., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Letcher, R. J., Su, G. (2019). Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in Chinese foodstuffs: Dietary

intake estimation via a market basket method, and suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Environment International
128:343-352.

5412073	Giovanoulis, G., Nguyen, M. A., Arwidsson, M., Langer, S., Vestergren, R., Lagerqvist, A. (2019). Reduction of hazardous chemicals in

Swedish preschool dust through article substitution actions. Environment International 130:104921.

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Table of Contents

5423396	He, C., Wang, X., Tang, S., Phong Thai, Li, Z., Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Concentrations of Organophosphate Esters and Their

Specific Metabolites in Food in Southeast Queensland, Australia: Is Dietary Exposure an Important Pathway of Organophosphate Esters
and Their Metabolites?. Environmental Science and Technology 52:12765-12773.

5469238	Xing, L., Zhang, Q., Sun, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, S., Xu, H. (2018). Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate esters

in surface water and sediment from a shallow freshwater Lake, China. Science of the Total Environment 636:632-640.

5469244	Zhang, B., Lu, S., Huang, M., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zheng, H., Jiang, Y., Bai, X., Zhang, T. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate

flame retardants in 0-5-year-old children: Potential exposure risk for inpatients and home-stay infants. Environmental Pollution 243:318-
325.

5469253	Pang, L., Yang, H., Wang, Y.,ue, Luo, X., Liu, S., Xiao, J. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in total suspended particulates

from an urban area of zhengzhou, China: Temporal variations, potential affecting factors, and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and
Environmental Safety 176:204-210.

5469298	Liu, Y. E., Luo, X. J., Huang, L. Q., Zeng, Y. H., Mai, B. X. (2019). Organophosphorus flame retardants in fish from Rivers in the Pearl

River Delta, South China. Science of the Total Environment 663:125-132.

5469614	Pawar, G., Abdallah, M. A.,e, De Saa, E. V., Harrad, S. (2017). Dermal bioaccessibility of flame retardants from indoor dust and the

influence of topically applied cosmetics. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27:100-105.

5469670	Luongo, G., Oestman, C. (2016). Organophosphate and phthalate esters in settled dust from apartment buildings in Stockholm. Indoor Air

26:414-425.

5469782	He, C., Covaci, A., Heffernan, A. L., Baduel, C., Harden, F. A., Mueller, J. F., Toms, L. M. L., Nele Van Den, E., Hobson, P., Thai, P.,

Wang, X., Li, Y. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters: Concentrations and age trends in Australian children. Environment
International 111:124-130.

5469991	Wang, D„ Wang, P., Wang, Y„ Zhang, W„ Zhu, C„ Sun, H„ Matsiko, J„ Zhu, Y„ Li, Y„ Meng, W„ Zhang, Q„ Jiang, G. (2019). Temporal

variations of PM2.5-bound organophosphate flame retardants in different microenvironments in Beijing, China, and implications for human
exposure. Science of the Total Environment 666:226-234.

5470172	Chen, Y., Fang, J., Ren, L., Fan, R., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Zhou, L., Chen, D., Yu, Y., Lu, S. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate

esters in children in South China: Concentrations, profiles and estimated daily intake. Environmental Pollution 235:358-364.

6813729	Brits, M., Brandsma, S. H., Rohwer, E. R., De Vos, J., Weiss, J. M., de Boer, J. (2019). Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants

in South African indoor dust and cat hair. Environmental Pollution 253:120-129.

6815979	Li, H. L., Liu, L. Y., Zhang, Z. F., Ma, W. L., Sverko, E., Zhang, Z., Song, W. W., Sun, Y., Li, Y. F. (2019). Semi-volatile organic compounds

in infant homes: Levels, influence factors, partitioning, and implications for human exposure. Environmental Pollution 251:609-618.

Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 632484

Study Citation:	Ohura, T., Amagai, T., Senga, Y., Fusaya, M. (2006). Organic air pollutants inside and outside residences in Shimizu, Japan: Levels, sources and risks.

Science of the Total Environment 366:485-499.

HERO ID:	632484

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology detailed and included sampler preparation, sampling time, and sample transport and
storage conditions.

Key analytical methods reported. Recoveries supposedly measured but not identified for each chemical.
Study measured parent chemical in indoor and outdoor air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples collected in Shimizu, Japan.

Samples collected in 2001.

There were greater than 10 samples, but no replicates mentioned.

The source of exposure well characterized. Samples measured pollutants inside and outside residences in
Japan.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data not reported. Summary statistics provided, including mean, standard deviation, and 10th and 90th
percentile.

Key QA reported but no recoveries listed or applied.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Few gaps and limitations reported. Variation, such as SD, reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 23 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 659041

Study Citation:	FDA, (1995). Accumulated pesticide and industrial chemical findings from a ten-year study of ready-to-eat foods. Journal of AOAC International

78:614-630.

HERO ID:	659041

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology is briefly described. Full methods from the FDA Total Diet Study need to be re-
quested.

The analytical methodology is briefly described. Full methods from the FDA Total Diet Study need to be
requested.

The study lists chemicals measured in foods.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

The study was conducted in the United States.

This study was conducted from 1982-1991.

Measurements were made in 234 ready-to-eat foods, each tested 37 times over the 10-year study period. No
replicate sampling was conducted.

Information from full methods is needed to determine where foods were from.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The average for each chemical is listed. The full report is needed for each data point.
QA is not discussed. It is likely that this information is in the full report.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability is captured by 234 different foods. Uncertainty is not discussed. There are no obvious concerns.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 24 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 659131

Study Citation:	Yasuhara, A., Shiraishi, H., Nishikawa, M., Yamamoto, T., Nakasugi, O., Okumura, T., Kenmotsu, K., Fukui, H., Nagase, M., Kawagoshi, Y. (1999).

Organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites. Waste Management & Research 17:186-197.

HERO ID:	659131

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Key sampling methods for landfill leachate samples were reported. Some details, such as duration of sample
storage prior to analysis, were lacking.

Analytic methodology was described in detail. Some details, such as recovery percentages, were not described.
The chemicals of interest were measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

The samples were described as collected in Japan.

Samples were collected in 1995.

Samples were collected from 11 landfills in 1995. Two types of landfills (open landfills and controlled landfills)
were described, as authors noted that sampling from closed landfills was not permitted. Replicate sampling was
not conducted.

Exposure sources were not well characterized. Table 1 describes landfill and waste type, but no information
about microenvironment was provided. Use of exposure controls was lacking.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data and median concentrations were reported in Table 3 of the manuscript. Results in Table 3 were
described as presented for chemicals in the order of frequency of detection, however individual chemical-
specific detection frequencies were not reported.

Other than use of laboratory blanks, limited QA/QC procedures were reported, however samples were reported
as analyzed at the National Institute for Environmental Studies which would utilize standard methodologies.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

This study did not report standard deviations or other measures of variance. Only a few gaps and limitations
were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 25 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 697390

Study Citation:	Kanazawa, A., Saito, I., Araki, A., Takeda, M., Ma, M., Saijo, Y., Kishi, R. (2010). Association between indoor exposure to semi-volatile organic

compounds and building-related symptoms among the occupants of residential dwellings. Indoor Air 20:72-84.

HERO ID:	697390

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium	Sampling methods were described in detail. There is additional follow-up information in Takeda et al., 2009

and Kishi et al., 2009. Air sampling was performed at a height of 1.0"1.5 mfrom a floor and about 1 m from a
wall. Dust sampleswere collected using a vacuum cleaner with samples from all over the floor or from multi-
surfaces such as tops of doors, shelves, cupboards, and frames.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High	Analytical methods were described in the appendix. The method detection limits were included. Details regard-

ing equipment information were included.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Air and dust samples were collected.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Air and dust sampling for SVOC's was conducted inside residential detached houses of Sapporo, Japan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Data was collected from October, 2006 through January, 2007.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

There were 40 air samples collected during a 48-hour sampling time, as well as 41 multi-surface dust samples,
and 41 floor dust samples collected. A single dust sample was obtained from each dwelling, and replicate
sampling was not detailed.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The potential sources of exposures were briefly described in the text, and Table 3 summarized dwelling charac-

teristics such as wall materials, use of flame retardants and dampness. The temperature and humidity microcli-
mate measures within dwellings were summarized. The use of exposure controls was not detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics were reported in Table 5 with method detection limits and in-

cluded the median and ranges of measured concentrations along with the number of samples for each chemical.

Metric 9; Quality Assurance	Medium	The appendix text noted that quality assurance was described in Saito et al., 2007. The use of travel blanks

was detailed within the main text. Recoveries were not detailed and baseline, pre-exposure sampling was not
conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium	The study characterizes variability within reported chemical concentration summary statistic ranges. Multiple

potential key study limitations were discussed, but are unlikely to have had a substantial impact on results.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 26 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 697423

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Bidwell, J., Becker, C., Hensley, S., Stark, R., Meyer, M. (2010). Occurrence of organic wastewater and other contaminants in cave streams in

northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58:286-298.

697423

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Samples were collected according to publicly available SOPs that are scientifically sound and widely accepted

(i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) for the chemical and media of interest.

High	Limit of detection reported as the instrument reporting level. Analytical methods included.

N/A	the study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Northeastern Oklahoma and Northwestern Arkansas

Medium	May through June 2006

Low	only 1 composite sample per location; no replica samples

Medium	The exposure scenario is described, cave water is not as applicable as traditional streams.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	Concentration not calculated; compounds detected given in ng analyte/polar organic chemical integrative

samplers (POCISs) or semipermeable membranedevices (SPMDs); no ranges, percentiles, n, or variation
provided.

Medium	Compounds detected but not in field blanks, or that exceeded an arbitrary threshold of 2x the compound mass

in the field blank, were considered more likely to represent actual water contaminants at a site.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Conclusion discusses variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 27 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 779503

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Hartmann, P. C., Burgi, D., Giger, W. (2004).
779503

Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor air. Chemosphere 57:781-787.

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The sampling methodology is clear, appropriate and similar to widely accepted protocols for the chemical and

media of interest. All pertinent sampling information is provided.

Medium	Exact values for LOD/LOQ not provided but a discussion of how those were determined is provided in section

3.1. Analytical quality control.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media (indoor air).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Study reported that screening was performed at 12 various locations in and around Zurich, Switzerland.

Low	Could not find sampling date, but published in 2004.

Low	Single samples at 12 different types of indoor locations.

Medium	Locations of various locations are applicable and some characterization details provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics are not reported but individual sample concentrations are reported in the study, allowing

summary statistics to be reproduced.

High	The study applied and documented quality assurance/quality control measures. The recovery for TCEP is

acceptable (83% ).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Uncertainties were not discussed

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 28 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 788335

Study Citation:	Bergh, C., Torgrip, R., Emenius, G., Ostman, C. (2011). Organophosphate and phthalate esters in air and settled dust - a multi-location indoor study.

Indoor Air 21:67-76.

HERO ID:	788335

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Low
N/A

The study discusses all elements of sampling methods. Sampling sites, and air and dust sampling collection are
reported.

The analytical methodology is described, but the LOD or LOQ are not provided.

The study tests the parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
High

High

Samples were collected at the Stockholm area in Sweden.

Sampling date is not reported, the study was published in 2005.

10 samples were collected per environment.

"Thirty sampling sites (in 10 private homes, 10 workplaces, and 10 daycare centers, all in the Stockholm area)
were selected to represent a number of common indoor environments."

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Raw results and summary of data are reported in the supporting information.
There is little discussion but can be implied via the use of standards.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability reported in terms of different scenarios. No discussion of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 29 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 789515

Otake, T., Yoshinaga, J., Yanagisawa, Y. (2004). Exposure to phthalate esters from indoor environment. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environ-
mental Epidemiology 14:524-528.

789515

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology is only briefly described. The study cites another published work for a more complete

description.

Medium	Analytical methodology is only briefly discussed. Sampling precision and recovery was assessed.

N/A	Concentrations were measured in indoor air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Tokyo, Japan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Sampling was performed in 2000.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Medium

Sampling was performed for 3 consecutive days from a total of 27 homes. The height of sampling from the



Variability



floor was not specified. It is unclear how many samples per home were collected. Samples for 6 houses were





collected in the spring, and samples for the remaining houses were collected in the fall.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The stated study objective was to measure concentrations in contemporary Japanese houses. Only 27 houses

or apartments were included, all in one city (Tokyo). All sampled homes belongs to staff affiliated with the
researchers' university department. Chemical usage in the homes and characteristics of the homes were not
really described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics are reported, but missing information includes individual data points and the number of

samples per home. Box plots were included, but symbols shown in the plots were not defined.

Medium	The study tested analytical precision and recovery.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Standard deviations were reported. Uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps were not really discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 30 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1051336

Study Citation:	Mihajlovic, I., Miloradov, M. V., Fries, E. (2011). Application of Twisselmann extraction, SPME, and GC-MS to assess input sources for organophos-

phate esters into soil. Environmental Science and Technology 45:2264-2269.

HERO ID:	1051336

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Soil sampling methodology described, such as procedures, site information, sample information, storage, and

equipment (page 2265) and is scientifically sound.

Limits of detection (LOD) were calculated to be 0.002-3 ng g-1.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media (soil).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Osnabrueck, Germany.

No sampling date was reported. However, the article was published in 2011.

There were 6 samples collected from 1 site. No replicates were reported.

Soil was sampled from a general population area, outside the university campus. Some discussion on possible
sources.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

Raw data were nor reported. Only mean concentrations were reported.
QA was discussed in detail in page 2267.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was no discussion on uncertainty, gaps or limitations. Standard deviations were not reported. Samples
were collected from 1 site.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 31 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1249459

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Bergh, C., Aberg, K. M., Svartengren, M., Emenius, G., Oestman, C. (2011). Organophosphate and phthalate esters in indoor air: a comparison
between multi-storey buildings with high and low prevalence of sick building symptoms. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13:2001-2009.
1249459

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology for indoor air was sound and sufficiently detailed. Duration of sample storage was not

detailed.

High	Analytical methodology was sound and sufficiently detailed. Method detection limits were reported within

Table 2.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

High



Variability



Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

This study collected indoor air samples within multistory buildings in Stockholm, Sweden participating in the
Healthy Sustainable Houses study in Stockholm (3H).

Sample collection dates were not provided, however study publication date was 2011.

Duplicate 24-hour active air samples were collected from two to four apartments (a total of 169 apartments) in
each of 45 multistory buildings.

The exposure scenario was well characterized within this study of indoor air within apartments of multistory
buildings. Identification of the potential sources of indoor air contaminants was one of the study's main objec-
tives, and a robust discussion of potential sources was presented.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data and detection frequency was not presented. Summary statistics were presented and included mean,

median and minimum and maximum concentration levels.

Medium	Quality assurance (QA) methods, such as replicate sampling and use of field blanks, were reported and al-

though QA details were not reported in detail, standard procedures were followed. Authors referenced another
study for additional sampling and analytic details (C. Bergh, R. Torgrip and C. " Ostman, Rapid Commun.
MassSpectrom., 2010, 24, 2859"2867).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was described in sampling summary statistics. Median concentration levels were compared with re-
sults from previous studies within tables, however a robust discussion of potential study limitations is lacking.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 32 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1250860

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Rodil, R., Quintana, J. B., Concha-Grana, E., L6pez-Mahia, P., Muniategui-Lorenzo, S., Prada-Rodriguez, D. (2012). Emerging pollutants in sewage,

surface and drinking water in Galicia (NW Spain). Chemosphere 86:1040-1049.

1250860

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology for sewage, surface, and drinking water was sufficiently detailed.

Medium	No discussion of instrumentation and calibration, although a reference to the method is provided. Rodil et al

2009.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in sewage, surface, and drinking water.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Galicia, Northwest Spain.

Medium	Samples were collected between November 2007 and September 2008.

Low	The number of samples is not reported, but can be approximated from the text. There were no replicates men-

tioned.

High	The exposure scenarios are characterized and are relevant to EPA's risk assessment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low	No raw data provided. Several summary statistics were provided, including mean, median, and range.

Low	No recoveries were provided, but the use of QA/QC was implied through the use of the protocol mentioned.

Rodil et al 2009.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some minimal discussion of variability was provided, but limitations and uncertainties were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 33 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1313395

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Wallner, P., Kundi, M., Moshammer, H., Piegler, K., Hohenblum, P., Scharf, S., Frohlich, M., Damberger, B., Tappler, P., Hutter, H. P. (2012). Indoor

air in schools and lung function of Austrian school children. lournal of Environmental Monitoring 14:1976-1982.

1313395

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methods for 252 chemical indoor parameters within 26 substance groups, including formaldehyde

(FDH) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in air, and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in dust were de-
tailed. There was no mention of sample storage or sampler calibration.

Low	Analytical methods were briefly described, however there was no mention of sample recoveries or instrument

calibration and although the number of samples greater than the LOQ was presented in Table 2, the actual LOQ
or LOD was not reported for each chemical sampled.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Austrian elementary schools.

Low	Timing of sample collection for monitoring data is not reported, discussed, or referenced. However, the study

was published in 2012.

Medium	The study reported results of samples >LOQ for n=35 air samples and n=36 dust samples for the chemicals

of interest. Replicate sampling was conducted as two samples were simultaneously obtained per classroom
for one day in two seasons (autumn and spring). Continuous 24-hour active air sampling was conducted. Dust
sampling was conducted once a day for one week using vacuum cleaners, with no replicate sampling detailed.

High	The exposure scenario was well characterized as the indoor air and dust measurements were obtained from

first and second year classrooms in nine elementary schools from Austrian urban and rural regions as part of
the Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE) of WHO and the LUKI project.
Exposure sources were briefly detailed. Microclimate information regarding temperature and humidity were
measured but not reported or included in models with lung function outcomes. Use of exposure controls was
not detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data was not reported. Statistical summary measures included median, minimum, and maximum concen-

trations. Frequency of detection was reported as number of samples >LOQ. Sampling dates were not reported.

Low	There was no discussion of QA/QC methods or results within the main text, however it can be inferred that

proper protocols were followed through the study's use of standard sampling and analytic methods.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	The non-random school selection process may have introduced bias in indoor air quality assessment, however

of the 19 schools interested in participating, the nine schools selected were representative of a variety of com-
munity sizes and types. Potential study limitations were discussed in detail.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 34 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1316091

Study Citation:	Hutchins, S. R., Tomson, M. B., Wilson, J. T., Ward, C. H. (1984). Fate of trace organics during rapid infiltration of primary waste water at Fort Devens,

Massachusetts (USA). Water Research 18:1025-1036.

HERO ID:	1316091

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology for wastewater, equipment, study site, and storage information is well described for
both preliminary and final sampling trip.

No LOD reported. The study described the extraction and analytical methodology, instrument in detail, but
missing some information such as calibration.

Study measure parent chemical in wastewater.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

High

Samples collected in Fort Devens, Massachusetts
Samples were collected in 1978-1983

There were 3 samples, one in basin floodwater, one in well 4, and one well 5. 2 more trip replicate samples
were taken.

Samples were collected through infiltration of wastewater at Fort Devens, Massachusetts.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
Medium

Only individual data provided for basin floodwater, well 4, and well 5, found in table 1. No summary statistics
were provided.

The paper describes a series of QC measurements with the recovery efficiencies ranging from 12% to 78% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Characterized variability in different types of wastewater sites studied. The uncertainty described was related to
the analytical method.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 35 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1408465

Study Citation:	Jackson, J., Sutton, R. (2008). Sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urban wastewater, Oakland, CA. Science of the Total Environment

405:153-160.

HERO ID:	1408465

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium	Sampling methods were described and a map of study area was included.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Low	Samples were analyzed using well-established method EPA 625; LOD was not reported.

Metric 3: Bio marker Selection	N/A	The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Low

Samples were collected in the United States.

Samples were collected in 2006.

There are 16 wastewater samples. No replicates were reported.

The sources of exposure were not well characterized, the data closely represent a relevant wastewater exposure
scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data were reported, but no LOD was provided.

Key QA process reported included used of field blanks. Quality control was not discussed, but there was no
obvious concerns.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability and uncertainty were not discussed, but there was no obvious concerns of study quality.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 36 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1487184

Study Citation:	Lebel, G. L., Williams, D. T., Benoit, F. M. (1987). Use of large-volume resin cartridges for the determination of organic contaminants in drinking

water derived from the great lakes. Advances in Chemistry 214:309-326.

HERO ID:	1487184

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Low
N/A

The sampling methods were briefly described, citing previously published literature.

the analytical methods were described, including recoveries but detection limits were not reported.

The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Low

Samples were collected in the Great Lakes, Canada.

The article was published in 1986.

The sample size was not reported but can be inferred to a total of 4 samples (2 for each season) taken at each of
the 6 sites.

The data may represent relevant exposure scenarios related to raw and treated water from the Great Lakes, but
the uncertain sample size limits the study's validity.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual sample concentrations seem to be reported in the manuscript. Summary statistics were not reported.
QA/QC techniques were briefly described, including the use of blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was not characterized. Some discussion of intra laboratory uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 37 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1598712

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Otake, T., Yoshinaga, J., Yanagisawa, Y. (2001). Analysis of organic esters of plasticizer in indoor air by GC-MS and GC-FPD. Environmental Science

and Technology 35:3099-3102.

1598712

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

High	Samples were collected according to publicly available SOPs that are scientifically sound and widely accepted

(i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) for the chemical and media of interest.

High	Samples were analyzed according to publicly available analytical methods that are scientifically sound and

widely accepted (i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) and are appropriate for the chemical and media of
interest.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Japan.

Low	Timing of sample collection for monitoring data is not reported, discussed, or referenced. However, publication

year of 2001 is used as a proxy for sampling year.

Medium	There were 5-10 samples collected for a single scenario. No replicates were reported.

Low	The data somewhat represents relevant indoor air exposure scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics were included.

Medium	The study applied and documented quality assurance/quality control measures; however, one or more pieces of

QA/QC information is not described. Missing information is unlikely to have a substantial impact on results.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Gaps and limitations not reported. There was only a minimal characterization of variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 38 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1610345

Study Citation:	Moller, A., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., Cai, M., He, J., Ebinghaus, R. (2012). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the

Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean toward the Polar Regions: Evidence for global occurrence. Environmental Science and Technology 46:3127-3134.
HERO ID:	1610345

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Detailed description of sampling methods provided.

Detailed description of analytical methods provided.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High

Medium
High

Medium

Samples taken during two polar expeditions in 2010/11, one from East Asia to the high Arctic (CHINARE 4)

and another from East Asia toward the Indian Ocean to the Antarctic (CHINARE 27).

Samples were collected between 2010-2011.

More than 10 samples were collected for a single scenario.

Exposure scenario presented in study relates to that of EPA's risk evaluations.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Detailed reporting of results provided.

Dedicated QA/QC section presented and no major issues identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion is provided on uncertainties and limitations under Conclusion and Discussion.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 39 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1619118

Study Citation:	Andresen, J. A., Muir, D., Ueno, D., Darling, C., Theobald, N., Bester, K. (2007). Emerging pollutants in the North Sea in comparison to Lake Ontario,

Canada, data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26:1081-1089.

HERO ID:	1619118

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sample collection is reported for the German Bight sites including sampling methods, dates, and storage con-
ditions.Uninformative for the Lake Ontario samples, the study only reports sample characteristics and coordi-

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methods reported including extraction type, analytical instrumentation, and LOD.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in the North Sea (German Bight) and Lake Ontario, Canada. Tables SI and S2 report
sample coordinates.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples from the German Bight were collected from May 25, 2005, to June 6,2005.sample collection date for
the Lake Ontario data is not provided.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

Table SI reports 14 samples for the German Bight. 6 samples collected from Lake Ontario.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The study reports the concentration of emergent contaminants in the North Sea and compares data with Lake
Ontario. The discussion section mentions microenvironment exposure scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Low

Data for the German Bight is only reported in the figures with some information of minimum and maximum in
the text.Lake Ontario data includes individual data points reported in table S4.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Data regarding the QA/QC is reported in the supplemental file.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of uncertainty provided.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 40 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1676728

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Fang, M., Webster, T. F., Gooden, D., Cooper, E. M., Mcclean, M. D., Carignan, C., Makey, C., Stapleton, H. M. (2013). Investigating a novel flame
retardant known as V6: measurements in baby products, house dust, and car dust. Environmental Science and Technology 47:4449-4454.

1676728

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The description of sampling methodology is limited. Authors did cite previously published peer-reviewed

publications for more details.

Low	Analytical methods reporting was mostly complete, but detection limits were only reported for V6 and not

TCEP even though authors quantified TCEP concentrations.

N/A	Study measured parent chemical in baby products, house dust, and car dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected from homes, cars, and baby products in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Medium	Samples were collected from 2009.

Medium	There were 20 house dust, 20 car dust samples, and 101 baby product samples without replicates.

Medium	Exposure to flame retardants via car and house dust is relevant, but more details on the population of interest

(e.g., are and how many children are present in these households) would be helpful.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	No raw data were provided. Summary statistics were provided, including percent detected, median concentra-

tion, geometric mean and range.

Medium	Some description of QA/QC was included, such as blanks, duplicate dust sample analysis, and recoveries for

V6.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The discussion of uncertainties and gaps is limited.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 41 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1788425

Study Citation:	Cristale, J., Katsoyiannis, A., Sweetman, A. J., Jones, K. C., Lacorte, S. (2013). Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphorus and brominated

flame retardants in the River Aire (UK). Environmental Pollution 179:194-200.

HERO ID:	1788425

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sample methods was briefly described, but sampling storage conditions and duration were not provided.

Analytical methodology were sufficiently described.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected along the River Aire (UK).

Samples collected in spring 2011.

1-2 samples collected from each of the 13 sites along River Aire. No mention of replicates.
Setting and potential sources of exposure are well characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data can be extrapolated from Figure 2.

No quality control issues were identified, though some QC information is not described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion of variability and uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 42 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1927602

Study Citation:	Ali, N., Dirtu, A. C., van den Eede, N., Goosey, E., Harrad, S., Neels, H., 'T Mannetje, A., Coakley, J., Douwes, J., Covaci, A. (2012). Occurrence of

alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment. Chemosphere 88:1276-1282.

HERO ID:	1927602

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

A detailed description of the sampling methods is provided.

The study does not explicitly mention instrument calibration. The discussion of recovery samples is limited.
The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

The study was conducted in New Zealand.
Samples were collected in 2008.

There is no mention of replicate samples.

There is no mention of building characteristics.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

No individual data points are reported.

QA/QC results were not directly discussed. They may be in the SI file.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The discussion of study limitations and key uncertainties is limited.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 43 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1927614

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Van den Eede, N„ Dirtu, A. C„ Ali, N„ Neels, H„ Covaci, A. (2012).

flame retardants in indoor dust. Talanta 89:292-300.

1927614

Multi-residue method for the determination of brominated and organophosphate

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low	Sampling methodology not described; reference was provided but not obtained.

High	LOQ provided. Samples were analyzed according to publicly available analytical methods that are scientifi-

cally sound and widely accepted (i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) and are appropriate for the chemical
and media of interest.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The samples were collected across Europe, in Romania, Spain, and Belgium.

Low	Sample collection date not described; reference was provided but not obtained. However, the publication year

of 2012 is used as a proxy for sampling year.

Medium	12 samples were collected with no mention of replicate samples; reference was provided but not obtained.

Low	Study states that the room used for sample collection was not always specified or known.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low	Only individual data points reported with no summary statistics.

High	The study applied quality assurance/quality control measures and all pertinent quality assurance information is

provided in the data source or companion source.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion on study limitations, gaps, and uncertainties

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 44 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1927779

Study Citation:	Saito, I., Onuki, A., Seto, H. (2007). Indoor organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants in Tokyo. Indoor Air 17:28-36.

HERO ID:	1927779

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The description of sampling methods is limited.

Analytical methods are described with no mention of instrument calibration.
The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Tokyo, Japan.

Sampling took place in 2002.

No replicates for all chemicals measured.

Did not measure air ventilation rates during sampling periods.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No individual data points reported. Only reported summary statistics.
Some QA/QC discussed with no major issues identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability, but provided range.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 45 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 1949033

Study Citation:	Yoshida, T., Matsunaga, I., Tomioka, K., Kumagai, S. (2006). Interior air pollution in automotive cabins by volatile organic compounds diffusing from

interior materials: I. Survey of 101 types of lapanese domestically produced cars for private use. Indoor and Built Environment 15:425-444.

HERO ID:	1949033

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

A detailed description of the sampling methodology was provided.
The description of the analytical methodology provided has a few flaws.
The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low

High
High

The study was conducted in Japan.

The study was conducted in the summer season (June"September) of 2001 (n=14), 2002 (n=28), 2003 (n=47)
or 2004 (n=12).

There were >10 samples for a single scenario.

The exposure scenario discussed in the monitored study represents the exposure scenario of interest for the
chemical.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

The presentation of results was good.
The description of QA/QC was poor.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The presentation of variability and uncertainty was good.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 46 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2150926

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ali, N., Van den Eede, N., Dirtu, A. C., Neels, H..
in Pakistan. Indoor Air 22:200-211.

2150926

Covaci, A. (2012). Assessment of human exposure to indoor organic contaminants via dust ingestion

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Not all sampling method criteria were reported, but may be found in a referenced study.

Medium	Analytical methods were briefly mentioned, but recovery metrics were not reported. They may be in a refer-

enced study.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Gujrat, Pakistan.

Data collected in April 2011.

More than 10 samples were collected. No replicates were mentioned.

The exposure scenario discussed in the monitored study does represent the exposure scenario of interest for the
chemical.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	No raw data provided, but summary statistics were mentioned, including median, 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th

percentiles, mean, and range.

Low	Storage recoveries, control samples, etc. not reported but may be in a referenced article.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of uncertainties and limitations provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 47 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2215665

Study Citation:	Shin, H. M., Mckone, T. E., Nishioka, M. G., Fallin, M. D., Croen, L. A., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Newschaffer, C. I., Bennett, D. H. (2014). Determining

source strength of semivolatile organic compounds using measured concentrations in indoor dust. Indoor Air 24:260-271.

HERO ID:	2215665

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

The sampling method was discussed in detail, including sampling procedure, storage conditions, and matrix
characterization. Information regarding duration of sample storage prior to analysis was lacking.
The analytical method (GC/MS) was described in terms of instrumentation, extraction, calibration, and recov-
ery, with limits of detection reported within Table SI.

This study sampled for chemicals of interest within indoor dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High

Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected from residences in Northern California, Southeast Pennsylvania, and Northeast Mary-
land.

Samples were collected during 2009 and 2010.

A total of 30 indoor surface dust samples, one from a single main living room of each house, were collected
in an area described as the equivalent of the entire floor surface area of participating homes within Northern
California, Southeast Pennsylvania, and Northeast Maryland between 2009 and 2010. Replicate sampling was
not detailed.

The exposure scenario was described and was highly relevant (indoor air) and the study used fugacity-based
modeling to predict the emission, fate and movement of chemicals in the indoor environment from various
consumer product exposure sources. Use of exposure controls was not detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

No individual raw data points were provided. Statistical summary measures included mean, standard deviation,
median and maximum concentrations as well as frequency of detection in Table SI.

Quality assurance measures were applied and described in robust details. Solvent method blanks were used and
recoveries were reported. Baseline, pre-exposure sampling was not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study had a robust discussion of uncertainty and compared results to results of other studies. The study
also characterized limitations in details.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 48 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2343712

Study Citation:	Stapleton, H. M., Misenheimer, J., Hoffman, K., Webster, T. F. (2014). Flame retardant associations between children's handwipes and house dust.

Chemosphere 116:54-60.

HERO ID:	2343712

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sample location, collection techniques and storage are reported in section 2.1.

Sample extraction and analytical method are reported in section 2.2. LOD reported in table 1.

Parent chemical measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples collected in USA, North Carolina.

Samples collected during the spring of 2012.

The study analyses 43 handwipes and 30 samples of house dust.

The study analyzes the association between dust and handwipes.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not reported. Table 1 reports GM and range.

The study reports, recoveries, the use of laboratory and field blanks, and standard reference materials.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability reported in terms of range, limitations are not reported.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 49 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2345990

Study Citation:	Abdallah, M. A. E., Covaci, A. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from Egypt: Implications for human exposure. Environmental

Science and Technology 48:4782-4789.

HERO ID:	2345990

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling materials, locations and storage are reported in the sampling methods section.

Sample preparation, extraction and analytical methods reported. LOQ reported in SI table SI-3.
Parent chemical tested in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected in Egypt.

Samples collected between September 2012 and January 2013.

Samples collected in 71 microenvironments, no samples replicates.

The study analyzes a range of microenvironments: "homes (living rooms, n = 20), offices (private and public
sector, n = 20), PMEs (public microenvironments represented by 4 coffee shops, 4 restaurants, and 3 supermar-
kets) and cars (n = 20)".

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Table 1 reports summary of statistics. No raw data reported.
The study reports, recoveries, method and field blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability reported as SD in table 1, no limitations reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 50 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2519043

Study Citation:	Takeuchi, S., Kojima, H., Saito, I., Jin, K., Kobayashi, S., Tanaka-Kagawa, T., Jinno, H. (2014). Detection of 34 plasticizers and 25 flame retardants in

indoor air from houses in Sapporo, Japan. Science of the Total Environment 491-492:28-33.

HERO ID:	2519043

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology is mostly adequately described, but some details are missing (e.g., sample storage
conditions/duration). The study does cite some other published works for more complete details.
The analytical methods were described, including LOD but not recoveries.

Concentrations were measured in indoor air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

Medium

Samples were collected in Sapporo, Japan.

Samples were collected in 2012.

It appears that only one sample per home was collected. Six homes were sampled.

The data may represent relevant exposure scenarios related to indoor air in Sapporo Japan but only 6 homes
were sampled. One home was sampled during a different season from the other homes.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual sample concentrations were reported, without summary statistics.
QA/QC techniques were briefly discussed, including the use of field blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability was not characterized. Very limited discussion of limitations, uncertainties, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 51 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2528320

Study Citation:	Schreder, E. D., La Guardia, M. J. (2014). Flame retardant transfers from U.S. households (dust and laundry wastewater) to the aquatic environment.

Environmental Science and Technology 48:11575-11583.

HERO ID:	2528320

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The dust and wastewater sampling methods were described in detail.
The analytical methods were described and included recoveries and LOD.
The authors analyzed dust and wastewater samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Vancouver and Longview, WA.

Researchers visited homes to collect dust and laundry wastewater in 2011 and 2012.

A total of 20 households' samples were collected, no replicates.

Data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to household indoor dust and wastewater from

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Individual FR results are in the SI file. Summary statistics in figures.
QA/QC details are in the SI file.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was characterized (range). Uncertainties and study limitations were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 52 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2533847

Study Citation:	Dodson, R. E., Van den Eede, N., Covaci, A., Perovich, L. J., Brody, J. G., Rudel, R. A. (2014). Urinary Biomonitoring of Phosphate Flame Retardants:

Levels in California Adults and Recommendations for Future Studies. Environmental Science and Technology 48:13625-13633.

HERO ID:	2533847

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

High

Sampling method for urine was described in detail.

The study described the extraction and analytical methodology, instrument in detail. LOD reported in Table 1
for BCEP. No limit of detection was reported for TCEP.

The study evaluates both the metabolite (BCEP) and the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected for California residents.

Samples were collected in 2011.

Samples were collected for 16 California residents.

The study evaluates the association between dust and urine concentrations for California residents.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not reported. Table 1 and table SI-3 report summary of statistics.
The study reports matrix recoveries and LODs.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability reported in terms of range. There is not discussion regarding limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 53 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2537005

Study Citation:	Fromme, H., Lahrz, T., Kraft, M., Fembacher, L., Mach, C., Dietrich, S., Burkardt, R., Volkel, W., Goen, T. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants

and plasticizers in the air and dust in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children (LUPE 3). Environment International

71:158-163.

HERO ID:	2537005

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	High

Study sampling methodology noted as described in Fromme et al., (2013). Sampling equipment, sampling pro-
cedures, sample storage conditions (urine) and study site characteristics noted for air, dust, and urine sampling.
Insufficient information on duration of "cool" storage prior to freezing as well as frozen storage time prior to
analysis for urine samples. Insufficient information on sample storage conditions and duration for air and dust
samples. Insufficient information on calibration of sampling equipment.

Study analytical methodology noted as described within Fromme et al., (2013) for indoor air and dust, and
in accordance with Mach (2014). Analytical extraction methods, instrumentation, calibration (indoor air),
chemical-specific LOQ's (indoor air, dust) and LOD (urine) reported for all media. Insufficient information on
recovery samples for all media, instrument calibration for dust.

Metabolite biomarker (DCEP) derived from exposure to parent chemical of interest, likely reflects external
exposure. This metric is not applicable for air and dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
Medium

Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Bavaria, Berlin, and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Study methodology/sampling noted as described within Fromme et al., (2013), and described as "conducted"
between November 2011 andMay2012.

Pooled spot and no duplicate sampling with n=312 (urine); 5-10 minutes of dust vacuum sampling at single
space and time with n=63 (TCEP) and n=48 (TPhP); single 6-hour air sampling with n=l 1 (TCEP) for indoor
air (n=0 for TPhP samples >LOD). Duplicate/replicate sampling not conducted. Authors note evidence from
previous studies that concentration profiles vary across daycare centers and different indoor environments, but
do not stratify results by potential differing indoor conditions (was sampling done before/after center had their
noted daily cleaning?).

Air and dust sampling conducted in well-described sampling location of 63 German daycare facilities with
notations of ventilation and cleaning frequency. Children providing urine samples well-described in terms of
demographics within text, with details of questionnaire recording living characteristics described. Use of field
blanks/exposure controls not described as conducted.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics of mean, median, min-max, 95% -ile and N>LOD and chemical-specific LOD's reported

for all media. Sampling location and population details provided. Insufficient information on correction for
void completeness in urine sampling, and raw data not provided. Fromme (2013) reference might provide raw
data.

Medium	Laboratory blanks (dust and air) and method validation procedures (dust) detailed. Insufficient information

on biomarker stability (urine), recoveries for all media, and baseline/pre-exposure sampling not described as
conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

Variability characterized as concentration ranges for all media, authors discuss some limitations and inconsis-
tencies with previous studies. Authors note daycare centers were cleaned once/day, but do not note sampling
timing with respect to this cleaning across centers.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium	

Continued on next page ...

Page 54 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2537005

... continued from previous page

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Fromme, H., Lahrz, T., Kraft, M., Fembacher, L., Mach, C., Dietrich, S., Burkardt, R., Volkel, W., Goen, T. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants

and plasticizers in the air and dust in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children (LUPE 3). Environment International

71:158-163.

2537005

Domain

Metric Rating Comments



Page 55 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2539068

Study Citation:	Bradman, A., Castorina, R., Caspar, F., Nishioka, M., Col6n, M., Weathers, W., Egeghy, P. P., Maddalena, R., Williams, J., Jenkins, P. L., Mckone, T.

E. (2014). Flame retardant exposures in California early childhood education environments. Chemosphere 116:61-66.

HERO ID:	2539068

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Dust sampling within early childhood education centers followed ASTM Standard Practices. Indoor and out-
door air sampling methodology was clear and similar to widely accepted protocols. Details were provided
within SM.

MDLs were discussed in paper and reported in in supplementary materials (Tables S3 and S5). Analytic meth-
ods were detailed in SM.

Testing for parent chemicals of interest was conducted within environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

Medium

Samples were collected in Northern, CA.

Samples were collected in 2010 and 2011.

Duplicates for dust, and air (see SM) samples were collected. A total of n= 39 samples were collected for dust.
A total of n= 40 samples were collected for indoor air.

The exposure scenario was detailed with potential sources of exposure in early childhood education centers
briefly discussed. Facilities were well characterized, including questionnaires and site visits. There were no
exposure control samples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not reported. Summary statistics and frequency of detection within dust and air samples was
reported.

QA/QC results (including recoveries and MDLS) were not directly discussed but presented in SM. This study
used standard protocols. Baseline pre-exposure sampling was not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Sampling was conducted within 40 early childhood education centers in California. Uncertainties and limita-
tions were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 56 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 2540527

Study Citation:	Brandsma, S. H., de Boer, J., van Velzen, M. J., Leonards, P. E. (2014). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers in house and car

dust and the influence of electronic equipment. Chemosphere 116:3-9.

HERO ID:	2540527

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology was briefly described, citing previously published research. Additional sampling
details in SI file and reference provided (note: reference was not obtained)

The analytical methods were described, including recoveries. LOD was mentioned but values were not re-
ported. Additional analytical details in SI file and reference provided (note: reference was not obtained).

The authors analyzed dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium

Medium
Medium

The study took place in the Netherlands.

Eight houses from the Netherlands were sampled for dust in 2012. In 2012 dust was also collected in eight cars
from the Netherlands.

Small sample size (8 houses and 8 cars), without replicates.

The data may represent relevant exposure scenarios related to dust in houses and cars in the Netherlands, but
the sample size was small. Floors were not included in the sampling; more details on electronics and cars
sampled in the SI file.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data points were not reported, only summary statistics (median and range).
QA/QC techniques were described, including the use of blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability was reported (range). Uncertainties were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 57 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2542290

Study Citation:	Tajima, S., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Ait Bamai, Y., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S., Kishi, R. (2014). Detection and intake assessment

of organophosphate flame retardants in house dust in Japanese dwellings. Science of the Total Environment 478:190-199.

HERO ID:	2542290

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

The dust sampling methodology was described, but sample storage or transport conditions were not discussed.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

The analytical methods were described, including recoveries and LOD but without discussion of instrument
calibration.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The authors analyzed dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The samples were taken in Japan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Sampling took place in 2009-2010.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Low

The authors collected 2 dust samples from the same room (floor and upper surface) from 48 of the homes
sampled, without replicates.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to flame retardants in dust from Japanese house-
holds.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Only summary statistics were reported (percentiles). Individual sample concentrations were not reported.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA/QC techniques were discussed in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized. Multiple uncertainties were identified, but they are unlikely to have a substantial
impact on the results beyond what is mentioned in the text.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 58 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2542346

Study Citation:	Eulaers, I., Jaspers, V. L., Halley, D. J., Lepoint, G., Nygard, T., Pinxten, R., Covaci, A., Eens, M. (2014). Brominated and phosphorus flame retardants

in White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings: bioaccumulation and associations with dietary proxies ("C, "N and "S). Science of the Total

Environment 478:48-57.

HERO ID:	2542346

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling materials, collection methods and storage conditions are reported in section 2.1.
Analytical methodology reported in the pollutant analysis section. The LOQ is reported in Table 2.
The parent chemical is measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Norway.

Samples were collected in 2011.

The collection of replicates is not mentioned in the study. A total of 38 samples were collected including
plasma n = 17 and body feathers n =21.

The study evaluates the exposure of high trophic level species to flame retardants using feathers and plasma.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Table 2 reports the summary of data including the median and the range. No raw data reported.
The study reports the use of internal spikes.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability is reported in terms of range, inter-annual variability, and spatial variability. No information regard-
ing the limitations was reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 59 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2543095

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Fan, X., Kubwabo, C., Rasmussen, P. E., Wu, F. (2014). Simultaneous determination of thirteen organophosphate esters in settled indoor house dust

and a comparison between two sampling techniques. Science of the Total Environment 491-492:80-86.

2543095

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The study cites other published works for details on dust sample collection.

High	Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation, and is scientifically appropriate for

the chemical and media analyzed. LOQ and MDL are reported.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium

High
High

Dust samples were collected from randomly selected urban Canadian single-family dwellings.

Samples were collected as part of the Canadian House Dust Study (CHDS), for which sampling was conducted

between 2007 and 2010.

The study analyzed 134 pairs of fresh dust and household dust samples from 134 homes.

Exposure to indoor house dust was evaluated.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Individual data points were not reported. Raw data are not provided. Paper referred to a previously published

work for the raw data and the details of sample collections.

High	Each batch consists of two matrix blanks, two quality control (QC) samples, and 18 dust samples, including

two duplicates. All reported results were blank-corrected. All reported recovery is > 70% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	The study acknowledges that the 134 pairs of dust samples that were analyzed may not be representative of

exposure of the general Canadian population, and that associations between characteristics of sampled homes
and results have not been analyzed.

Overall Quality Determination

High

Page 60 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2552685

Study Citation:	Cheng, W., Sun, L., Huang, W., Ruan, T., Xie, Z., Zhang, P., Ding, R., Li, M. (2013). Detection and distribution of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate on

the East Antarctic ice sheet. Chemosphere 92:1017-1021.

HERO ID:	2552685

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

A thorough explanation of sample collection was provided.

The analytical methods were discussed but the LOD and recoveries were not reported.
The authors analyzed environmental samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Antarctica

The samples were collected in 2010-2011

n=120 samples on transect from Zhongshan to Kunlun station, without replicates.

The data is likely related to relevant exposure scenarios, but details about the population of interest were not
reported.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
Medium

TCEP range of concentrations reported in the text (PDF page 4).

QA/QC techniques were discussed, including the use of field and experimental blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties and limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 61 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2560628

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Makinen, M. S. E., Makinen, M. R. A., Koistinen, J. T. B., Pasanen, A. L., Pasanen, P. O., Kalliokoski, P. J., Korpi, A. M. (2009). Respiratory and

dermal exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and tetrabromobisphenol A at five work environments. Environmental Science and Technology

43:941-947.

2560628

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

For personal and area pump air sampling, sampling equipment, procedures, storage conditions and duration,
calibration of sampler and study site characteristics depicted. For personal patch and handwash sampling,
insufficient information provided on calibration, storage duration.

Analytical methodology was described, though there was insufficient information on chemical-specific recover-
ies and LODs (indicated to be within further information in SI).

Sampling for parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The location is assumed to be Finland based on site descriptions within SI Table SI.

Low	Sampling dates assumed to be within SI Tables S1-S7. The publication date is 2009.

Medium	Sample sizes are reported in SI Table SI.

Medium	Sampling for non-occupational and occupationally relevant locations, including computer classrooms, noted in

Table 2.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary stats are reported within Table 2, and additional data are reported within SI.

Medium	Recoveries, field and laboratory blanks are reported, but there was no pre-exposure sampling.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Authors note limitations of high detection limits, however do not discuss use of high detection limit for concen-
tration in samples with > 50% of samples 
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2579610

Study Citation:	Regnery, J., Puttmann, W., Merz, C., Berthold, G. (2011). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in

anthropogenically affected groundwater. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13:347-354.

HERO ID:	2579610

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The water sampling methodology was described in detail.

The analytical methods were described, including recoveries and LOD.

The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples collected in Germany.

Samples collected in 2009.

n=36 samples across three sites (estimated from Table 2).

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to TCEP in groundwater in Germany.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics (median, max) were reported.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 63 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2586188

Study Citation:	Sundkvist, A. M., Olofsson, U., Haglund, P. (2010). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in marine and fresh water biota and in human

milk. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12:943-951.

HERO ID:	2586188

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

For fish samples, sampling equipment and methods were described in reasonable detail, although certain as-
pects (e.g. equipment used to collect muscular tissue samples) were absent that may have a substantial impact
on results. For milk samples, sampling equipment and methods were described in sufficient detail, although
certain aspects (e.g. timing of successively collected individual portions, duration of storage) were absent that
are unlikely to have a substantial impact on results.

Analytical instrumentation and methods were described in adequate detail for both sample types. However,
certain aspects (e.g. instrument calibration, exact LOD) were absent that may have a substantial impact on
results. Individual LOD were not universally reported, but instead an average and range (per analyte) for each
sample type. Individual LOD were reported for results that fell below the LOD.

The study was testing for the parent chemical of interest in environmental media (relative to the exposure
scenario in question).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

This study was conducted in Sweden.

Samples were collected between 1997 and 2007.

A combination of pooled and individual samples for fish and for human milk was used, representing 21 differ-
ent locations over 10 years. Representation of each location varied from 1 individual sample at a location (one
fish for location 13) to hundreds of individual samples across several pools at another location (three pooled
milk samples of at least 50 individuals each for location 18). Use of replicate samples was not reported.

Exposure to the chemical of interest is highly relevant to the general population through fish consumption, or to
infants through breastfeeding.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data were reported. Summary statistics included median, minimum, and maximum concentrations for
each sample type.

QA/QC techniques included the use of blanks and internal standards to determine LOD and internal standard
recovery. Across all sample types, recoveries were reported to range from 50% to 132% , and this was used to
correct sample data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Quantitative characterization of variability was reported as the range of concentrations for each sample type.
There is a robust qualitative discussion of variability and some discussion of limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 64 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2588430

Study Citation:	Regnery, J., Puttmann, W. (2010). Seasonal fluctuations of organophosphate concentrations in precipitation and storm water runoff. Chemosphere

78:958-964.

HERO ID:	2588430

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sampling storage is not detailed.

The analytical methodology is described in detail and the LOD is listed.
Testing for parent chemical was done in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

The study was conducted in middle Germany.

Samples were collected from 2007-2009.

90, 48, and 29 samples for the 3 sites respectively were collected on different dates.
The scenario represents the population exposed from storm water runoff and precipitation.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual data points are not reported.

Blanks are reported. Some QC information is missing.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No discussion of limitations is provided. Variability was measured in seasons.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 65 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2593950

Study Citation:	Quednow, K., Puttmann, W. (2009). Temporal concentration changes of DEET, TCEP, terbutryn, and nonylphenols in freshwater streams of Hesse,

Germany: possible influence of mandatory regulations and voluntary environmental agreements. Environmental Science and Pollution Research

16:630-640.

HERO ID:	2593950

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sampling methods were reported but equipment used was not described.
Analytical methods were described and detection limit was reported.
The analyte tested is the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The samples were collected in Hessisches Ried region, south of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

The samples were collected in 2003-2006.

There are 330 water samples collected during 13 sampling occasions from 26 sampling sites. No replicates
were reported.

Samples were collected from a river receiving treated wastewater in a densely populated area.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics including mean, min, and max were provided.
QC techniques were not reported. Key QA process included calculation of recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There were no discussion of study limitations. Variations were considered in season measurements.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 66 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2598725

Study Citation:	Regnery, J., Puettmann, W. (2009). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in rain and snow from middle Germany. CLEAN - Soil, Air,

Water 37:334-342.

HERO ID:	2598725

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling methodology was adequately described, but it is unclear if their protocol was based on a publicly
available SOP or widely accepted.

Study described analytical instrumentation, detection limits, methods, and techniques.

This study measured TCEP levels in rainwater and snow; it is not a biomonitoring study.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Germany.

Samples were collected between 2007 and 2008.

There were no replicate samples.

Study investigated TCEP levels in precipitation as a source of exposure to the aquatic environment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary statistics are provided but raw data are missing.
QA/QC measures were applied; recoveries acceptable at >85% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 67 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2662833

Study Citation:	Mihajlovic, I., Fries, E. (2012). Atmospheric deposition of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) onto soils. Atmospheric Environment

56:177-183.

HERO ID:	2662833

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods sufficiently described. Site, equipment, and storage condition were described in detail.
Analytical methods were described and LOD reported.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The samples were collected in Germany.

The samples were collected in 2010-2011.

There are 27 soils samples. No replicate were reported.

Sampling location and sources of exposure were well-described and the data was closely relevant to the expo-
sure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual data points not reported.

QA/QC techniques are described including recoveries, triplicate measurements.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variation in the medium, such as dry and wet deposition (rain and snow) were studied.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 68 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2693199

Study Citation:	Hu, M., Li, J.,un, Zhang, B., Cui, Q., Wei, S.,i, Yu, H. (2014). Regional distribution of halogenated organophosphate flame retardants in seawater

samples from three coastal cities in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 86:569-574.

HERO ID:	2693199

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

The methods are described but there could be more detail.
Analytical methods are described in detail, and LOD was reported.
Parent chemical measured in media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

No sampling date is provided. Publication date is 2014.

There were 13 samples and no replicates.

Source of exposure and reason for choosing the cities is detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Individual data points and summary statistics are provided.
QC, blanks, and recoveries are described in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variation in sites is described in detail.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 69 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2718045

Study Citation:	Kong, L., Kadokami, K., Wang, S., Duong, H. T., Chau, H. T. (2015). Monitoring of 1300 organic micro-pollutants in surface waters from Tianjin,

North China. Chemosphere 122:125-130.

HERO ID:	2718045

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling method summary was brief but comprehensive.

Extraction methods and use of various mass spectrometry was described.
Parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Sampling occurred in three watersheds in China.

Data was collected in 2013.

No replicates were collected.

Potential sources of exposure in surface water were identified.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data was provided in supplemental Excel file.

QA/QC was reported and included blanks, spiked samples, and cleaning procedures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No gaps nor limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 70 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2823276

Study Citation:	Huber, S., Warner, N. A., Nygard, T., Remberger, M., Harju, M., Uggerud, H. T., Kaj, L., Hanssen, L. (2015). A broad cocktail of environmental

pollutants found in eggs of three seabird species from remote colonies in Norway. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34:1296-1308.

HERO ID:	2823276

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling methodology was described, such as sampling procedures, storage conditions, and matrix character-
istics.

LOD reported in tables in supplement. The analytical method sufficiently described.

Analyte is the parent chemical in eggs.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected in 2 remote islands, Sklinna and Rost, on the Norwegian coast.

Eggs collected during breeding season between May and June 2012.

Eggs collected from three seabird species: 6 eggs from one island and 12 eggs from a second island per
species. 3 eggs pooled per location/species (homogenized together) before analysis.

This is a biomonitoring study where seabird transfer of ingested chemicals to their eggs is analyzed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Raw data for individual pooled samples (3 eggs per) presented in Supplement.

QA/QC described briefly in Supplement Section 1.13, including 3 types of blanks. No recoveries discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability and uncertainty not reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 71 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 2919496

Study Citation:	Staaf, T., Ostman, C. (2005). Organophosphate triesters in indoor environments. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 7:883-887.

HERO ID:	2919496

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low

Critically Deficient
N/A

Sampling is only briefly discussed. The paper refers to another publication for sampling methodology details.

Analytical methodology is not discussed. The paper refers to another publication for analytical methodology
details.

Concentrations were measured in air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

Critically Deficient

Location (country, state, etc.) is not reported. The study authors are affiliated with a university in Stockholm, so







it seems likely that sampling was performed in Stockholm.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Sampling date is not reported, but a publication date is available.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Medium

Five parallel samples were collected at each of 29 indoor environments.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The study evaluates exposure in a range of microenvironments including private homes, workplaces, stores,

health care facilities, and means of transportation.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low

Critically Deficient

Individual data points were not reported. Variance is also not reported. It is unclear whether the single values
reported for each indoor environment represent a mean of the 5 parallel sampling measurements.

There is no discussion of quality assurance or quality control.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Some discussion on location causing variability under gen observations.

Overall Quality Determination

Uninformative

Page 72 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2919497

Study Citation:	Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in air from various indoor environments. Journal

of Environmental Monitoring 7:814-819.

HERO ID:	2919497

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sample storage conditions and duration were not specified. Not all the locations of the sample are specified.
LOD is reported. Three blanks and duplicate air sample were analyzed.

Concentrations were measured in air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

Critically Deficient
Low
High

High

The geographic location is not explicitly reported, but the authors are affiliated with a university in Sweden.
Sampling time is not reported, but a publication date (2005) is available.

A total of 17 samples were collected.

Exposure to Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor air.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data points and measured of variance were not reported.

Recovery is > 70% . Three blanks were run and duplicate air sample were analyzed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No standard deviations were reported, and there is no substantial discussion of uncertainties/limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Uninformative





Page 73 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2919501

Study Citation:	Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2003). Screening of organophosphorus compounds and their distribution in various indoor environments.

Chemosphere 53:1137-1146.

HERO ID:	2919501

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The study explains sampling procedures, sites, and storage conditions.

High	The study explains sampling analysis GC-NPD, reanalysis, calibration, and quantification. LOD is reported as

a range.

N/A	The study evaluates the parent chemical in dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Sweden.

Low	The sample collection date is not reported, but the study publication date is available.

Medium	A range of 1- 5 samples per site were collected, the study reports average over a week.

Medium	The study does not provide information on building characteristics but does provide information on product

use; dust from vacuum cleaner does not provide exact data on indoor dust levels.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The study reported individual data points from each sampling location, but not the summary of statistics across

locations.

Medium	The study reports calibration and linearity.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study doesn't report a measure of variance or limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 74 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2919504

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ishikawa, S., Taketomi, M., Shinohara, R. (1985). Determination of trialkyl phosphates and triaryl phosphates in environmental samples. Water

Research 19:119-126.

2919504

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling procedures and equipment were only briefly described for river water, seawater and sediment sam-

ples. The depth of river and seawater sampling was detailed. It is unclear if there was storage of samples or not.

High	Analytical methods were described. Limits of detection were detailed in tables.

N/A	This study measured parent chemicals within river water, seawater and sediment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Kitakyushu City, Japan.

Sampling was performed in August of 1980.

It appears that a single sample of river water was collected from each of 16 sites, a single sample of seawater
was collected from each of 9 sites, and a single sample of sediment was collected from each of 6 sites. No
replicates were reported.

The sampling site was described as one of the largest industrial regions of Japan and the potential exposure
sources were detailed. The microclimate was not detailed and exposure controls were not utilized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data was reported within tables, however results were reported as ng/L concentrations only, with no sum-
mary statistics for river water, seawater and sediment sampling results.

Recoveries of phosphate esters from purified water controls, river water, seawater and sediment samples was
detailed. Baseline, pre-exposure sampling was not conducted. Use of reference standards was detailed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

This study presented variability across multiple sampling sites for each sampling media, but no variability
in summary statistics was presented. Authors did not have a formal section for discussion of potential study
limitations, but did compare results with those from a previously conducted national environmental survey.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 75 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2919589

Study Citation:	Calder6n-Preciado, D., Matamoros, V., Bayona, J. M. (2011). Occurrence and potential crop uptake of emerging contaminants and related compounds

in an agricultural irrigation network. Science of the Total Environment 412-413:14-19.

HERO ID:	2919589

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The study explains sampling procedures, materials, sites, and storage conditions.
The study explains the analytical method. The LOD is reported as a range.
The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Spain.

Samples collected in the summer of 2008 and 2009.

A total of 8 samples were collected.

The study evaluates the concentrations of the parent chemical in surface water from an agricultural area.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

The raw data is not reported. Table 1 reports mean and SD.
There is limited information regarding the QA/QC procedures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study reports variability in terms of SD and some limitations mentioned in the conclusions.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 76 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2921301

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Kim, J., Isobe, T., Muto, M., Nguyen Minh Tue, Katsura, K., Malarvannan, G., Sudaryanto, A., Chang, K. H., Prudente, M., Pham Hung Viet,

Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S. (2014). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in human breast milk from several Asian countries. Chemosphere

116:91-97.

2921301

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A

Sampling protocol, sample shipment and storage conditions were described briefly. Study site characteristics
were noted to be described in a previous report referenced (Tue et al., 2013). There was insufficient informa-
tion on sampling equipment, for example, whether pumps or manual expression of milk, as well as sample
storage time prior to analysis.

Sample extraction methodology, analytical instrumentation (UHPC-UFLC-XR), instrument calibration curves,
and recoveries were described by the authors with results reported as adjusted for lipids. There was insufficient
information regarding sample adjustment for lipids, etc. and method detection limits reported as range rather
than chemical-specific MDL's.

The authors of this paper only conducted sampling for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High

Medium
Medium

Medium

The sampling was conducted in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, Malate and Payatas, the Philippines, as well as
Hanoi, Bui Dau and Trang Minh, Vietnam.

The sampling was conducted in 2008, 2009-11.

Total results included a large, pooled sample size (n=87), however country- and region-specific result sam-
ple sizes ranged from n=7 (Hanoi, Vietnam) to n=20 (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan). Non-statistical sampling
approach, seemingly no replicate samples as number of samples per participant not detailed. There was insuf-
ficient information on representativeness of single sample to characterize periodicity of biological concentra-
tions.

Authors note details of sampling location and information on demographics and health variables captured
within questionnaire. There is insufficient information regarding timing of sampling, lack of field blanks or
exposure controls.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium

Results reported included lipid adjusted statistical summary data of median, range and detection frequency %
, as well as location and year of sampling presented. Raw data was not presented. The number of samples >
LOD presented within results was not noted.

Laboratory procedural was described, but field sampling, blanks, and laboratory recoveries were not described.
Baseline/pre-exposure sampling was not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

There was limited discussion of limitations (single spot sampling, distance of residence from waste dump or e-
recycling, occupation) or potential data gaps. Authors discuss examining relationships between milk concentra-
tions and donor-specific parameters such as age, BMI, parity and diet, but do not discuss dietary relationships
and it is unclear if such an analysis was conducted. Geographic, demographic variability examined.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 77 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2926978

Study Citation:	Zheng, X., Xu, F., Chen, K., Zeng, Y., Luo, X., Chen, S., Mai, B., Covaci, A. (2015). Flame retardants and organochlorines in indoor dust from several

e-waste recycling sites in South China: Composition variations and implications for human exposure. Environment International 78:1-7.

HERO ID:	2926978

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium	Sampling collection methods were described minimally.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium	Analytical methods lacked reporting of sample recoveries in the main text. Another study was referenced, but

was unattainable. The supplemental tile mentioned analytical methods but did not mention recoveries.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	The study measured parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area	High	Samples were collected in South China.

Currency	Medium	Samples were collected in 2013.

Spatial and Temporal	Medium	Collected multiple samples from each site, but only collected samples at one point in time. No replicates were

Variability	reported.

Exposure Scenario	High	Study evaluated exposure to flame retardants in indoor dust from five villages located in three e-waste recycling

regions.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium

Raw data not provided. Summary statistics were reported, but the study did not calculate a measure of variation
among samples from the same site, or across sites. The standard deviation was only presented graphically.

Sample recoveries were not reported, but they did test procedural blanks and a standard reference material. The
levels of analytes were blank-corrected.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium	Robust discussion on variability across sites, but no discussion of key uncertainties or limitations.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 78 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2935128

Study Citation:	Brandsma, S. H., Leonards, P., Leslie, H. A., de Boer, J. (2015). Tracing organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants and plasticizers in an

estuarine food web. Science of the Total Environment 505:22-31.

HERO ID:	2935128

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and biota sampling methodology was well described.
The analytical methods were described, including recoveries and LOD.

The authors analyzed environmental samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

Western Scheldt estuary, situated in the south of the Netherlands.

Samples collected in 2008.

N=3 for sediment and suspended particulate matter, n=34 for food web, without replicates.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to sediment, SPM and biota in an estuary from
the Netherlands.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported. Graphical data cannot be digitized because it is drawn in 3 dimensions.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail, including the use of blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (SD, range). Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 79 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2938137

Study Citation:	He, C., Zheng, J., Qiao, L.,in, Chen, S., Yang, J., Yuan, J. G., Yang, Z. Y.,i, Mai, B.,iX (2015). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in

indoor dust in multiple microenvironments of southern China and implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 133:47-52.

HERO ID:	2938137

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Sampling methods were described minimally. There was no discussion of performance or calibration of sam-
pler nor the sample storage conditions and duration.

Described extraction method, analytical instrument, and sample recoveries, but did not report LOQ values in
the text. This information may be in the supplemental file.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples collected in Southern China.

Samples collected between September, 2013 and March, 2014.

Collected more than 10 samples from each microenvironment. Did not use continuous or repeated monitoring
methods.

Discussed production and use rates of target chemical and used exposure controls of urban samples. The study
did not discuss building characteristics that may influence exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data seems to be reported in supplemental file, but measures of variation were not reported.

QA/QC techniques were reported, including that sample extracts were blank-corrected. The sample recovery
rates were acceptable (76.2 ± 9% ).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Did not report measures of variation within each microenvironment. No discussion of key limitations and
uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 80 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2939998

Study Citation:	Peverly, A. A., Ma, Y., Venier, M., Rodenburg, Z., Spak, S. N., Hornbuckle, K. C., Hites, R. A. (2015). Variations of flame retardant, polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbon, and pesticide concentrations in Chicago's atmosphere measured using passive sampling. Environmental Science and Technology

49:5371-5379.

HERO ID:	2939998

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

The air sampling methodology was described in detail.

The analytical methods were described but recoveries and LOD were not reported.
The authors analyzed air samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

The samples were collected in Chicago, Illinois.

Samplers were deployed from 2012 to 2014.
n=180 samples taken from 2012-2014 from 13 sites.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to flame retardances in Chicago's atmosphere.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported. Individual sample concentrations were not included.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail, including laboratory and field blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability (SE bars). Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 81 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 2942545

Study Citation:	Matsukami, H., Nguyen Minh Tue, Suzuki, G.,o, Someya, M., Le Huu Tuyen, Pham Hung Viet, Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Takigami, H. (2015). Flame

retardant emission from e-waste recycling operation in northern Vietnam: Environmental occurrence of emerging organophosphorus esters used as

alternatives for PBDEs. Science of the Total Environment 514:492-499.

HERO ID:	2942545

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

The sampling methodology was described but the storage duration of samples was not reported.
The analytical methods were described, including LOQ and recoveries.

The authors analyzed soil samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

Samples were collected in Bui Dau, Vietnam.

The samples were collected in 2012.
n=32 samples in total, without replicates.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to flame retardants in soils from Bui Dau, Vietnam
but the sample size limits the results' generalizability.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The study did not report individual sample data for soil measurements, but they did report them for sediment
samples. Limited summary statistics were reported.

The study did not report if they collected field blanks but they did use procedural blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The authors reported a limited characterization of variability (range). Uncertainties and limitations were not
discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 82 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3005686

Study Citation:	Takeuchi, S., Tanaka-Kagawa, T., Saito, I., Kojima, H., Jin, K., Satoh, M., Kobayashi, S., Jinno, H. (2015). Differential determination of plasticizers

and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:7113-7120.

HERO ID:	3005686

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The indoor air and dust sampling methods were described but didn't include details about storage conditions.
The analytical methods were described, including LOD. Limited details about recoveries were reported.
The authors analyzed environmental samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

Medium

The samples were collected in in Japan.

The sampling was performed during October 2013and January 2014.
n=19 for dust samples, 21 for indoor air samples. No replicates.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to indoor air and dust in Japanese dwellings, but
the small sample size limits the results' generalizability.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported, without individual sample concentrations.
QA/QC techniques were described, including the use of field and laboratory blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 83 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3010225

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Kucharska, A., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C., Becher, G., Covaci, A., Voorspoels, S. (2015). Assessment of human hair as an indicator of exposure to

organophosphate flame retardants. Case study on a Norwegian mother-child cohort. Environment International 83:50-57.

3010225

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Key criteria met, sample storage duration prior to analysis not reported, sampling methods detailed within text

and referenced.

Medium	Most key criteria described and analytic methods referenced. LOQ reported in table 1.

N/A	The authors analyzed hair samples for the parent chemical (TCEP).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples provided by participants in Oslo, Norway.

Medium	Study conducted January through May, 2012.

Medium	Non-statistical sampling methods; multiple maternal (n=244 samples) and child (n=l 12 samples) spot urine

samples over 24 hours (total n=356 samples).

Medium	Participant characteristics not summarized within main text, however detailed information regarding the cohort

described within referenced study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics provided. Lack of raw data.

Medium	Most key criteria met, analytic methods validated and referenced. Procedural blanks reported. The recoveries

for the in-house control samples were always in agreement with the recoveries found in the method validation
(Kucharska et al., 2014).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability characterized within summary statistics, potential study limitations reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 84 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3012534

Study Citation:	La Guardia, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and polyurethane

foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.

HERO ID:	3012534

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Air, dust, and foam sampling methods were all well described and included details on sampling equipment
preparation and sample storage.

Extraction protocol was adequately described. Mass spectrometry method was only briefly described, and
authors point to other publications for method details.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected from gyms in Seattle, WA.

Sampling date was not reported; the publication date is 2015.

Foam samples were collected in replicates of 4 samples. Air sampling was not replicated beyond 24 hours.
Dust sampling replicates are not described.

Potential exposure to gymnasts and coaches were characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not presented in the paper but thorough summary data was provided.
QA/QC included calculation of recovery, analyzing blanks, and some replicate analysis.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Deviation was calculated but error or uncertainty were not calculated or discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 85 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3013239

Study Citation:	Lai, S., Xie, Z., Song, T., Tang, J., Zhang, Y., Mi, W., Peng, J., Zhao, Y., Zou, S., Ebinghaus, R. (2015). Occurrence and dry deposition of organophos-

phate esters in atmospheric particles over the northern South China Sea. Chemosphere 127:195-200.

HERO ID:	3013239

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Sample storage conditions and durations until sample analysis were missing. Other information such as
weather conditions are not well specified for collection of the air samples.

Detailed description of sample pretreatment and analysis was not provided but included a reference (M"ller et
al., 2011; Bollmann et al.,2012). Neither an LOD or LOQ was reported but MDL was reported.

The study is testing for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected over the northern South China Sea.

Samples were collected over 20 days of September through October 2013.

There were 10 sets of air samples but no replicates.

The exposure scenario characterizes occurrence and dry deposition of organophosphate esters in the air.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

The raw data, MDL and SD are reported in the SI.

The concentrations of OPEs are corrected with the recoveries (> 70% ) of internal standards. Blanks were
analyzed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 86 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3015040

Study Citation:	Mizouchi, S., Ichiba, M., Takigami, H., Kajiwara, N., Takamuku, T., Miyajima, T., Kodama, H., Someya, T., Ueno, D. (2015). Exposure assessment of

organophosphorus and organobromine flame retardants via indoor dust from elementary schools and domestic houses. Chemosphere 123:17-25.
HERO ID:	3015040

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling methods for floor surface dust within elementary schools and domestic houses and elementary school
commercial floor wax product sampling was described in detail in terms of sampling equipment, procedures,
sample storage conditions and study site characteristics. The duration of sample storage prior to analysis was
not detailed.

Analytical methods were described in terms of extraction method, instrumentation, recovery samples, and
method detection limits.

This study obtained dust and consumer product samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Sampling was conducted within elementary schools and domestic houses in Japan.

Sampling was conducted in August of 2009 and 2010.

A single floor dust sample was obtained from a lecture room within 5 schools, a computer room within 6
schools, a gymnastic room within 5 schools, a music room within 1 school, and a library within 1 school. Sum-
mary statistics were presented for sampling results within a total of 18 rooms sampled within 12 elementary
schools. Replicate sampling was not detailed and the choice of sampling sites appeared judgmental.

Exposure sources were discussed mainly as consumer product floor polisher/wax, but other potential domestic
sources were detailed within the introduction. There were no exposure controls utilized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Summary statistics included means, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum concentrations. The number
of samples and method detection limits were also reported. Raw data was reported within the Supplemental
tables.

Quality control (QC) was described in detail in methods section of text and within a separate text QC section
and included details on recoveries, field and laboratory blanks as well as referenced studies noted to contain
more QC information (Takigami et al., 2009, Matsugami et al., 2014).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized within statistical summary measures, and results from this study were compared
with previously published results, however there was little other discussion of potential study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 87 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3020426

Van Den Eede, N., Heffernan, A., Aylward, L. L., Hobson, P., Neels, H., Mueller, J. F., Covaci, A. (2015). Age as a determinant of phosphate flame

retardant exposure of the Australian population and identification of novel urinary PFR metabolites. Environment International 74:1-8.

3020426

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A

Samples were taken from surplus stored urine from specimens collected in routine testing within a Community-
based lab. Sampling methodology of original specimens was unknown and not referenced. It was unclear if all
of the surplus stored urine specimens were used, or if a sample was selected, and there was insufficient infor-
mation regarding selection of surplus urine specimens. There was limited detail provided regarding procedures,
equipment, sample storage conditions and storage time prior to shipment from community lab to analysis lab.
There was insufficient information regarding the initial specimen collection storage conditions and the time for
the original 'surplus stored urine" samples used for study prior to being selected for use within this study. There
was insufficient information regarding storage time of the frozen samples prior to the analysis of pooled frozen
samples. Dust sampling was described only as collected as part of a previous referenced study (Toms et al.,
2009) from Australian households, with some details also provided within SI.

Analytical methods were noted to be further described within Table S1. The text provides a description of the
extraction method, analytical instrumentation (MS/MS), MDL's, method recovery, method precision, sensitivity
and procedural blanks as detailed within SI Table S3. Authors discuss the urine MDL for DBP (BCEP) as too
high for quantitative analysis (> 3ng/mL) resulting in no quantitative data presented. Authors also note the
lower MDLs might have been reported using GC-MD/MS rather than MS/MS. The dust sampling analytical
methodology was only very briefly described as similar to the method for urine samples, with details provided
in SI page 4.

Sampling was conducted for parent chemical within urine as well as dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4: Geographic Area

Metric 5: Currency

Metric 6: Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Urine specimens were collected from surplus stored routine urine collections at a lab in Taringa, QLD, Aus-

tralia. Dust samples were described as taken from Australian households within South East Queensland as part
of a referenced previous study but analyzed within this study.

Low	Sampling campaigns 1 and 2 were described as conducted during 2010-2011 and 2012-2013, however it is

unclear if these dates refer to the collections of samples from the community lab or refer to the actual dates
of original specimen collection for what is referred to as 'surplus stored urine" that is used within this study.
Dust samples were analyzed within this study but dust sampling information was referenced as from within a
previous study.

Low	The text notes that 35 individuals contributed to pool 1 and 100 individuals contributed to pool 2 of pooled

urine samples. The sampling approach was not described for selection of the samples from the stored surplus
urine at the community clinic. No duplicate specimen collection was described. It is assumed that a single
specimen was collected per person. Only four dust samples were described as taken from Australian house-
holds.

Medium	The population for urine specimen collection was described in terms of demographic data of age and gender,

with no information provided concerning occupation. Authors noted their concerns for TCEP in urine as de-
pendent upon analytical instrumentation. Dust samples were briefly described as from Australian households in
South East Queensland.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Raw data for the urine specimens was not reported within the text, but geometric means, ranges, number of

individuals, and detection frequencies were listed in Table 1. Dust results were reported within text as a range
for four samples without depiction of detection frequencies or measures of central tendency (or raw data).

Continued on next page ...

Page 88 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3020426

... continued from previous page

Study Citation:	Van Den Eede, N., Heffernan, A., Aylward, L. L., Hobson, P., Neels, FL, Mueller, J. F., Covaci, A. (2015). Age as a determinant of phosphate flame

retardant exposure of the Australian population and identification of novel urinary PFR metabolites. Environment International 74:1-8.

HERO ID:	3020426

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium	Authors noted some method validation results including precision, sensitivity and procedural blanks within SI

Table S3 and described the accuracy of TPP (DPHP) and TCEP sampling as between 80% -116% . Duplicate
samples and pre-exposure sampling was not conducted, but lab blanks were used. Quality control for dust
sampling was described within supplemental information.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

Urine sample variability was described in summary statistics in terms of range of concentrations. Study lim-
itations were detailed in terms of potentially imprecise analytical instrumentation use for BCEP analysis (no
quantitative results presented) as well as a lack of accounting for potentially relevant confounding factors of
indoor air and diet, the use of a convenience population sample, and the use of pooled samples. Results for four
dust samples were presented as a range, with no limitations regarding dust sampling discussed in text.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 89 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3027503

Study Citation:	Salamova, A., Ma, Y., Venier, M., Hites, R. A. (2014). High levels of organophosphate flame retardants in the great lakes atmosphere. Environmental

Science & Technology Letters 1:8-14.

HERO ID:	3027503

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Low

N/A

Previously published papers were cited for details on sampling procedures.

LOD/LOQ were not reported although it could be available in the reference for the analytical method which
was not reviewed.

Study tested atmospheric concentrations of TCEP and TPP in select areas of the US.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The geographic locations were five sites around the Great Lakes.
Samples were collected from March 2012 to December 2012.
No replicate samples were collected.

Study collected atmospheric particle samples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not presented but detailed summary data was provided.
Quality control information is discussed in the supplementary text.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There is limited discussion of uncertainties, limitations, or data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 90 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3031004

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Liu, L. Y., Salamova, A., He, K., Hites, R. A. (2015). Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging halogenated and organophosphate

flame retardants in human hair and nails. Journal of Chromatography A 1406:251-257.

3031004

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology, accuracy and precision of methodology discussed extensively, but sample storage

duration prior to analyses not detailed.

High	Analytical extraction method, instrumentation, calibration curves, chemical-specific LOQ's (Table 1), recover-

ies detailed.

N/A	Sampling for parent chemicals in hair and nails.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected at Indiana Univ, Bloomington campus.

Low	The sampling date/s are not listed within text. The study was published in 2005.

Low	Five simultaneous hair/nail samples, but unclear if these five samples came from five separate people or if one

or more individuals provided more than one sample of each media-sampling approach unclear; no duplicate
samples reported.

Medium	It is unclear if 'students, colleagues, friends" sampled on campus include those with occ exposures not PECO-

relevant (hair/nail salon workers).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw concentration data within Table 2 of each of 5 hair/nail samples, but summary description of most parame-

ters missing-conc range, measures of variation, etc.

Medium	The recovery details were noted however procedural but not field blanks described; no pre-exposure sampling.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low	No SD/SE or means/CI; limited discussion of data gaps, study limitations. Author does note hair of different

lengths and nails of different fingers can have different concentrations, although does not specify lengths in
study or discuss further. Authors note hair/nail samples reflect integrated exposure from both internal and
external sources. Authors note gathering finger as well as toenail samples within introduction however only
seem to report fingernail sampling.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 91 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3035438

Study Citation:	O'Brien, J. W., Thai, P. K., Brandsma, S. H., Leonards, P. E., Ort, C., Mueller, J. F. (2015). Wastewater analysis of Census day samples to investigate

per capita input of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers into wastewater. Chemosphere 138:328-334.

HERO ID:	3035438

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Authors only described sample preservation, storage, and transportation. There was no information on collec-
tion procedures.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

QA/QC methodology included analytical instruments, extraction methods, limits of detection, and blank levels
in both text and supplemental.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

This is not a biomonitoring study.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Australia.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in August 2011.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Samples were collected from 11 wastewater treatment plants; there were no replicates.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Characteristics of wastewater treatment plants (e.g., air temperature, daily flow, rainfall) were included, as well
as population size they serve.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Summary statistics are provided with individual sample concentrations in the SI.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA/QC reported recoveries, blank levels, and corrected blank values in text and SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Range and median values were provided, but there was limited discussion of data gaps, uncertainties, and
limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 92 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 3035593

Study Citation:	Woudneh, M. B., Benskin, J. P., Wang, G., Grace, R., Hamilton, M. C., Cosgrove, J. R. (2015). Quantitative determination of 13 organophosphorous

flame retardants and plasticizers in a wastewater treatment system by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of
Chromatography A 1400:149-155.

HERO ID:	3035593

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Samples were collected from a secondary wastewater treatment plant using 1L amber bottles. Sample storage
conditions also reported.

The study reports standards and reagents, sample handling, instrument descriptions, method development and
validation. Detection limits reported for both liquid and solid samples in table 1.

The study test for the parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

The study reports that samples were collected in Canada by Environment Canada.
Samples collected in September of 2014.

Two samples were collected per each site.

Samples represent wastewater treatment plant serving approximately 480,000 people.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data not reported. All data reported as the mean of duplicate measurements.
The study follows a high QA/QC, mostly reported at the supplemental information.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability or uncertainty are not reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 93 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3222316

Study Citation:	Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., La Guardia, M. J. (2016). Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants.

Chemosphere 150:499-504.

HERO ID:	3222316

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling methodology is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with widely accepted methods/
approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed.

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. LOD is reported.

The study is testing for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected from urban, suburban, and rural areas of Washington State, USA.

Sample collection data is not specified but can be deduced based on the references used (2005 2015).
10 samples were collected, and 9 samples were analyzed.

Inhalation exposure to chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants is characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Both individual data points and summary stats (min, max, mean, median) are reported.
Recovery > 82% is reported. Blank was analyzed. No quality control issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion of uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 94 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3222715

Study Citation:	Wu, M.,in, Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wu, D., Liu, K.,ai, Deng, S., Huang, J.,un, Wang, B.,in, Wang, Y. (2016). Characterization and human exposure assessment

of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from several microenvironments of Beijing, China. Chemosphere 150:465-471.

HERO ID:	3222715

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The dust sampling methodology was described concisely.

The analytical methods were described in detail, including LOQ and recoveries.

The authors analyzed dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected between 2012-2013.
n=60, including >10 samples per microenvironment.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to dust in indoor microenvironments in Beijing,
China.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported.

QA/QC techniques were described, including the use of control samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (range, percentiles). Uncertainties and limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 95 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3223090

Study Citation:	Langer, S., Fredricsson, M., Weschler, C. J., Beko, G., Strandberg, B., Remberger, M., Toftum, J., Clausen, G. (2016). Organophosphate esters in dust

samples collected from Danish homes and daycare centers. Chemosphere 154:559-566.

HERO ID:	3223090

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Samples were collected according to publicly available SOPs that are scientifically sound and widely accepted
(i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) for the chemical and media of interest.

LOD provided. Samples were analyzed according to publicly available analytical methods that are scientifi-
cally sound and widely accepted (i.e., from trusted or authoritative source) and are appropriate for the chemical
and media of interest.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low

High
High

Samples were collected in Denmark.

Timing of sample collection for monitoring data is not reported, discussed, or referenced. Another publication
(Clausen et al. 2012) is referenced for study design and methods. The paper publication year is 2016.

Samples were collected from 500 bedrooms and 151 daycare centers.

Relevant exposure scenarios in daycares and homes were presented.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics are detailed, but no raw data was reported.
No major QA/QC issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

According to the authors "there is considerable uncertainly in this assessment."

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 96 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3350460

Study Citation:	Coelho, S. D., Sousa, A. C., Isobe, T., Kim, J. W., Kunisue, T., Nogueira, A. J., Tanabe, S. (2016). Brominated, chlorinated and phosphate organic

contaminants in house dust from Portugal. Science of the Total Environment 569-570:442-449.

HERO ID:	3350460

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling methods are described which included asking participants to provide vacuum cleaner bags in current
use along with a questionnaire. Storage of samples is described.

The extraction of house dust is detailed. The analytical method is briefly described with details reported in
another cited study. LODs are reported.

Samples were collected in house dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The study was conducted in Aveiro and Coimbra, Portugal.

Samples were collected between 2010-2011.

28 houses were sampled but there was no indication of replicate sampling.

The exposure scenario is well-characterized, with house dust being indicative of indoor air exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

No raw data are provided.

The application of recoveries is uncertain.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Potential sources of variability in results are discussed. No discussion of study limitations is provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 97 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3351783

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ding, J., Xu, Z., Huang, W.,ei, Feng, L., Yang, F. (2016). Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in human placenta in Eastern China.

Science of the Total Environment 554:211-217.

3351783

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low	Sampling methodology only briefly discussed, with few details. Placenta collection was from women who gave

birth in hospitals of one of two towns in Eastern China.

High	Details on extraction method, lipid content for matrix adjustment, and analytical instrumentation (UPLC-ESI)

with operating conditions (calibration) presumably in referenced study reported. Method detection limits
provided as range in text but specified within SI. Recoveries specified within SI.

N/A	Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in eastern China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in 2005.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Fifty placenta samples, with 25 from women in hospitals with e-waste recycling nearby, and 25 from women
in hospitals not near e-waste recycling or factories. Sampling described as randomly collected. No replicate
samples.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Relevant exposure scenario through bio placental sample; population described with geographic, maternal

sociodemographic data.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics of central tendency and variation with mean (Fig. 1), median, range, number of samples and

frequency of detection (Table 1) reported. Sampling location briefly described, authors note hospital location as
near/far from e-waste but do not note residence of participants. Authors note placental exposure concentrations
were independent of placental lipid content.

Medium	The study applied and documented QA/QC efforts including use of method blanks and correction of placen-

tal concentrations for method blanks. Recoveries were reported as range 37% -90% however text indicates
chemical-specific recoveries may be found within SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Exposure ranges were presented. Authors noted reported placental concentrations were higher than compar-

isons with previously reported human milk concentrations. Limitations not directly presented but authors
discussed potential reasoning for results of no correlation of OPE exposures and maternal food consumption,
concentration profile variation by site, and no correlation between OPE concentrations and maternal character-
istics.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 98 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3353787

Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., Buxton, H. T. (2002). Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other
organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environmental Science and Technology 36:1202-1211.
3353787

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Samples were collected by USGS personnel, using consistent protocols and procedures. At each site, a com-

posite water sample was collected from about 4-6 vertical profiles.

High	Five analytical methods were used and described in page 5.

N/A	The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in 30 states across USA.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Sampling took place in 1999 and 2000.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

High

139 streams were sampled. The duplicate samples were used for backup purposes.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The exposure scenario is associated with human, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Only maximum and median overall concentrations are reported.

High	Analytical QA/QC was described and summarized in Table 2. Reporting limits are in Table 1.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low	There was no measure of variance, and limited discussion of uncertainties, variability, etc. (e.g., implications of

the use of unfiltered samples for analysis; the influence of variations in reporting levels on detection frequen-
cies).

Overall Quality Determination

High

Page 99 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3354640

Study Citation:	Shi, Y. L., Gao, L. H., Li, W. H., Wang, Y., Liu, J. M., Cai, Y. Q. (2016). Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of organophosphate flame

retardants and plasticizers in urban surface water in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution 209:1-10.

HERO ID:	3354640

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low
High
N/A

The sampling methodology is not fully described. Sampling locations were identified but the collection equip-
ment and method of collection were not described.

Extraction of samples and HPLC system used for analysis was described. LODs were reported in the supple-
mental material.

Water sampling was conducted in this study.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The study was conducted in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected between 2013-2014.

A high number of samples was collected, but there is no indication of replicate samples.

Wastewater, rain water, and runoff water were analyzed for potential impact to surface water exposure for the
general Beijing population and also for impacts on aquatic organisms.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data were reported.

QA/QC including calibration curves, recovery rates, and use of field blanks was described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability in results was discussed in detail, but there was no discussion of the limitations of the study.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 100 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3357642

Study Citation:	Xu, F., Giovanoulis, G., van Waes, S., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Papadopoulou, E., Magn6r, J., Haug, L. S., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2016). Comprehensive

study of human external exposure to organophosphate flame retardants via air, dust, and hand wipes: The importance of sampling and assessment
strategy. Environmental Science and Technology 50:7752-7760.

HERO ID:	3357642

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology in terms of sampling equipment, procedures and study site reported as using a validated
and referenced method for air sampling. Insufficient information on sample storage and/or storage duration,
although this information might be within SI. Sampling methods for living room floor, surface and vacuum bag
dust described and noted as further described within SI.

Chemical-specific MLQ reported for each media sampled. Limited description of analytical methodology,

although specifics noted as within SI.

Handwipe concentrations for parent chemicals of interest.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Medium

Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Oslo, Norway.

Dates of sampling not provided, though a citation is provided for the A-TEAM cohort. The research leading
to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)
under grant agreement #316665 (A-TEAM project). This means that the research could not have been done
prior to 2007.

For air, continuous, 24-hour area and personal monitoring over the same workday for each participant, no
replicate sampling. For dust, single sample from living room floor, surface and vacuum bag dust sampling from
single sampling day. For handwipes, four handwipe samples for one day for each participant, with only noon-
time sample analyzed.

Personal air samples included time at work as sampling conducted on a workday. Handwipe sample was taken
at work with insufficient data on relevancy, details of occupation.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics for all media sampled reported in terms of median, range, MLQ, percent detected, and
number of samples. Text indicates data within SI, but there is insufficient information in terms of whether raw
data is reported within SI.

Results noted as blank-corrected. QA details were reported with text noting more information reported in SI
Table S-3.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Range of concentrations was reported. Uncertainties and potential explanations for some reported results
explored and detailed within discussion.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 101 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3361031

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Kile, M. L., Scott, R. P., O'Connell, S. G., Lipscomb, S., Macdonald, M., Mcclelland, M., Anderson, K. A. (2016). Using silicone wristbands to

evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. Environmental Research 147:365-372.

3361031

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

The sampling methodology is clear, with detailed information provided on sampling equipment, procedures,
storage time and storage stability analysis, and some study site characteristics in terms of age of home, vacu-
uming frequency, etc.



Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

The analytical methodology is well described, detailing extraction methods, instrumentation (GC/MS) and
LODs (within SI).



Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Sampling is for parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness









Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Oregon, USA (county specified).



Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in 2012-2013.



Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Low

No replicate samples are described. Self-reported, non-validated time of use compliance information (parent-
reported) is described. Monitoring in this study is general, 24-hour passive monitoring. Figure 2 notes there
were 64-70 samples for both chemicals.



Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Low

It is unclear if passive sampling concentrations within wristbands represent air/environmental concentrations,

concentrations from skin products, or internal concentrations through sweat, etc. The survey included informa-
tion on household characteristics and vacuuming frequency, but not the preschool environment. It is unclear if
or how personal product/lotion use (not assessed) might affect extrapolation. The authors noted that silicone
affinity for chemicals differs between compounds. The authors noted a lack of information on time-activity
patterns. The study used "trip blank" control wristbands.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Wristband concentration data are noted to be within the SI. It is unclear if raw data or summary statistics are

included within the SI. Tests for outliers were conducted. Individual points were not reported.

High	Field and lab control samples were taken. Wristband chemical stability was tested and discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was accounted for (SE status, etc.). Limitations were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 102 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3364193

Study Citation:	Kingsbury, J. A., Delzer, G. C., Hopple, J. A. (2008). Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of nine community water systems that

withdraw from streams, 2002-05. Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5208 :68.

HERO ID:	3364193

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The sampling methods followed standard USGS sampling protocols.

Analyzed using USGS approved analytical methods, but recoveries and LOD were not reported.
The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in United States.

Samples were collected between 2002-2005.

n=12-17 source-water samples collected at each site over 12-month period; variety of flow conditions; field
blanks and replicates.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to stream water collected prior to water treatment
and then finished water tested at nine community water systems.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

Limited summary statistics were reported DF, n, max concentration reported in appendices.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail, including the use of field blanks and replicates.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was not characterized. Section "Changes in Concentration" address uncertainties and need for
additional information.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 103 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3366534

Study Citation:	Gao, L., Shi, Y., Li, W., Liu, J., Cai, Y. (2016). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate triesters and diesters in sludge from sewage treatment

plants of Beijing, China. Science of the Total Environment 544:143-149.

HERO ID:	3366534

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

The sludge sampling methodology was concisely described, without many details about the sampling proce-
dure.

The analytical methods were discussed in detail, including recoveries and LOD.

The authors analyzed sludge samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected between 2008"2014.
n=43 samples from 8 sewage treatment plants.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to sludge from sewage treatment plants from
Beijing, but details about the population of interest were not reported.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported, no individual sample concentrations.

QA/QC techniques were described in detail, including the use of experimental blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (range). Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 104 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3373199

Study Citation:	Liang, K., Liu, J. (2016). Understanding the distribution, degradation and fate of organophosphate esters in an advanced municipal sewage treatment

plant based on mass flow and mass balance analysis. Science of the Total Environment 544:262-270.

HERO ID:	3373199

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

The sampling method is described in detail.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

LODs are provided in Table S2.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The parent chemical was measured in the environment.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Beijing, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in March 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

Samples were collected over a period of 3 days. Single 24-hour composite water samples of raw sewage and
primary, secondary and tertiary effluents were collected by using automatic samplers at a sampling interval of 2
hours. Other solid"liquid and dewatered sludge samples were obtained as time-proportional 24-hour composite
samples by combining four grab samples collected four times a day with sampling interval of 6 hours.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Sewage treatment plant could be an exposure source of the chemical.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Individual points are not reported.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Blanks, recoveries and other QC methods were applied.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limitations are not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 105 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3449324

Study Citation:	Faiz, Y., Zhao, W.,ei, Feng, J., Sun, C., He, H., Zhu, J. (2016). Occurrence of triphenylphosphine oxide and other organophosphorus compounds in

indoor air and settled dust of an institute building. Building and Environment 106:196-204.

HERO ID:	3449324

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sampling methods are detailed, but information was missing on how samples were transported back to labora-
tory for analysis.

There was no mention of instrument calibration, but pre-treatment and purification methods were discussed.
LOD was reported in SI.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

Sampling took place from November 2014 to February 2015.

4-10 samples of air or dust for each room type were collected.

Indoor air and dust in a teaching building represent potential inhalation exposure for building occupants.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary stats are available for all measurements. Raw data for PM10 concentrations are available in SI. No
raw data are available for concentrations of OPs in dust samples.

QA/QC was reported and included LOD, MDL, spiked lab samples, and measurement of recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was thorough discussion of variability in results but limited discussion of study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 106 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3453174

Study Citation:	Kong, L., Kadokami, K., Duong, H. T., Chau, H. T. (2016). Screening of 1300 organic micro-pollutants in groundwater from Beijing and Tianjin,

North China. Chemosphere 165:221-230.

HERO ID:	3453174

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

The sampling methods were explained in detail.

The analytical methods were described in the supplemental materials. No LOQ or LOD provided.
Study measured parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in domestic wells throughout Beijing and Tianjin, China.

Samples were collected in April 2015.

There were 10 samples in wells of Beijing and 17 samples in wells of Tianjin. No replicates were reported.
The exposure scenarios were discussed throughout the study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Table 1 reported raw data. Summary statistics were reported, including median, mean, and range.

QA/QC techniques not explicitly described. It can be inferred that proper protocols were followed through the

study's use of standard methods.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Characterized variability and uncertainties were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 107 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3455908

Study Citation:	Lee, S., Jeong, W., Kannan, K., Moon, H. B. (2016). Occurrence and exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) through the

consumption of drinking water in Korea. Water Research 103:182-188.

HERO ID:	3455908

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling protocol was generally appropriate and included a description of equipment, procedures, storage
conditions, and sample preparation.

Analytical methodology included instrumentation analysis, detection limits, and recovery samples.

This is not a biomonitoring study.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The study was performed in South Korea.

The samples were collected in 2014.

There were 10 or more samples for each type of drinking water, but no replicates were provided.

The exposure scenario is relevant as it evaluated different types of drinking water sources (i.e., boiled and
unboiled tap water, purified water, bottled water) in multiple Korean cities.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

No raw data were reported.

Almost no QA/QC techniques were discussed, except for reporting of recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability is characterized, but there was no discussion about limitations, uncertainties, or data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 108 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3457341

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Liu, D., Lin, T., Shen, K., Li, J., Yu, Z., Zhang, G. (2016). Occurrence and Concentrations of Halogenated Flame Retardants in the Atmospheric Fine

Particles in Chinese Cities. Environmental Science and Technology 50:9846-9854.

3457341

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Some information missing on the description of sampling storage and transport back to lab for analysis.

High	Analytical methods were sufficiently described in detail with additional details in supplemental information.

Method detection limits reported in supplemental information.

N/A	Study measured parent chemical in air sampling.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in China in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Taiyuan,

Chengdu, Lanzhou, Guiyang, and Xinxiang.

Medium	Samples were collected in 2013-2014

Medium	Samples were collected in 10 sampling sites. No replicates were reported.

Medium	Particulate matter in China to vary greatly from Particulate matter in the United States.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data were not reported. Several summary statistics were reported, including mean, median, 25th per-

centile, 75th percentile, and range.

High	QA/QC discussed and included calculation of recoveries, use of blanks, and reporting of detection limits.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was no discussion about extreme values.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 109 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3463794

Study Citation:	Zhao, F., Wan, Y., Zhao, H., Hu, W., Mu, D., Webster, T. F., Hu, J. (2016). Levels of blood organophosphorus flame retardants and association with

changes in human sphingolipid homeostasis. Environmental Science and Technology 50:8896-8903.

HERO ID:	3463794

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium	Sampling equipment for fasting blood sample, sampling procedures, sample frozen storage were described.

Storage duration prior to sample analysis or calibration of sampling equipment were not described. Study site
characterized as mobile center for physical examinations of population within Shenzhen, China.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium	Extraction methods and analytical instrumentation (UPLC-MS/MS) were reported. LOD/LOQ data were

presented as range but also noted as within SI Table S2. Recoveries and instrument analytical calibration were
reported. There was insufficient information on matrix adjustment.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Serum samples for parent chemicals of interest were collected.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected from Chinese participants in Shenzhen, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Authors note recruitment during November, 2012, however fasting blood sample collection dates not specified.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Low

255 fasting blood samples were collected, with a single blood sample per participant. Insufficient information



Variability



was provided on population sampling approach.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Population was described as "non-occupational", however industrial occupations such as factory work was

noted for some participants. Sociodemographic characteristics of population was reported. Use of field blanks/
exposure controls was described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Summary exposure concentration data reported details of total samples, median, range, IQR.

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium	Measured concentrations were blank-corrected; All analytical procedures were checked for accuracy, precision,

reproducibility, linearity, blank contamination, matrix spikes, method limits of detection (LODs), and limits of
quantification (LOQs). There were no baseline, pre-exposure samples within this cross-sectional study.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

Exposure ranges were presented, however there was limited characterization of variability within single sam-
ples for each participant. In terms of limitations, authors only briefly note limitation of single fasting blood
samples, but detail reliability of single urine specimens in reflecting long term exposures.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 110 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3464010

Study Citation:	Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming pools.

Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

HERO ID:	3464010

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Most sampling information was provided and study site characteristics were well described.
Samples were extracted through SPE and analyzed by GC-MS. LOQs were reported for the 5 PFRs.
The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
High

High

Samples were collected in Sydney, Australia.

The sampling date is not reported; a publication date is available.

15 swimming pools were sampled, and there were 3 samples per pool.

Swimming pool is a highly relevant exposure scenario and the authors reported demographic information
of swimmers. The study provided exposure assessment as well and analyzed leaching from kickboards and
swimsuits.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Supplementary or raw data are not reported; a description of the sampling location was reported.
Blank control samples were reported to be prepared.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability in different factors of the pools (indoor vs outdoor, amount of people, size) was discussed. Limita-
tions were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 111 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3466615

Study Citation:	Abdollahi, A., Eng, A., Jantunen, L. M., Ahrens, L., Shoeib, M., Parnis, J. M., Harner, T. (2017). Characterization of polyurethane foam (PUF) and

sorbent impregnated PUF (SIP) disk passive air samplers for measuring organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere 167:212-219.

HERO ID:	3466615

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methods for active and passive outdoor urban air sampling were described in detail in terms of sam-
pling equipment, procedures, sample storage conditions, duration of sample storage and study site characteris-

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methods were described in detail in terms of analytical instrumentation, extraction and recovery
samples. Method detection limits were provided within supplemental information.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

This study tested for the parent chemical in urban outdoor air.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Sampling was conducted within Toronto, Canada.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Sampling was conducted from March 30 through August 13, 2010.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Outdoor urban air was sampled over several months (March-August). Active sampling was conducted 1-2
times per week over 24 hour periods. Passive samplers were described as deployed for 7, 21, 28, 42, 56, 84,
112, 140, 168, and 197 days. Replicate passive samples were collected on days 28, 84, and 197. The total
number of samples for presented results was not detailed.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The potential exposure sources were discussed within the introduction of the text. The microenvironment was
described within the supplemental information in terms of average temperature, wind direction and wind speed
during outdoor air sampling. There were no exposure control samples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Sampling results were reported within Table 1 and included concentration means for active sampling and the
two types of passive samplers, while overall sampling means with standard deviations were reported within the
text. Raw data was not reported. A description of the study site was provided as details regarding climate were
provided within the supplemental information. Detection frequencies were not provided.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Quality control procedures were described in detail within the supplemental information and included analysis
of and correction for field blanks. Recovery methodology was previously evaluated and was noted to have been
within the high percentage range, although recovery surrogates were not utilized.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Authors presented summary statistics which included variance within reported standard deviations of results,
but there was only a limited discussion of uncertainties, data gaps, or limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 112 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3468265

Study Citation:	Zhang, X., Zou, W., Mu, L., Chen, Y., Ren, C., Hu, X., Zhou, Q. (2016). Rice ingestion is a major pathway for human exposure to organophosphate

flame retardants (OPFRs) in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 318:686-693.

HERO ID:	3468265

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Low
N/A

Sampling was adequately described. A map was included.

Extraction and equipment described. Reference to previous papers provided. LOD not provided.
The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low

Medium
High

Samples were collected in China.

Sampling date was not provided but was discussed or referenced; "Consumption data for beverages was ob-
tained from USEPA (2011) due to lack of data from China" (supplemental file). This means that the study had
to have been conducted after 2011.

Samples count was 7 to 50 depending on food type. Sample count was 45 for hair. There were no replicates.
This is a biomonitoring exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Stats reported included mean, median, range, 95% CI, and frequency % .
QA was described in SI; blanks, spikes, recovery were included.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was captured by demographic categories. Uncertainty was not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 113 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3559503

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Focazio, M. J., Kolpin, D. W., Barnes, K. K., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., Thurman, M. E. (2008). A national

reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States-II) untreated drinking water sources. Science of

the Total Environment 402:201-216.

3559503

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The samples followed standard field protocols from USGS and the methodology was described in the

manuscript.

Medium	The analytical methods were discussed, including MDL. Recoveries were mentioned but values were not

reported.

N/A	The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	United States; Fig 1 provides locations of sites sampled; Table 1 lists sites sampled.

Low	Samples were collected during the summer 2001.

Low	49 surface water sites (n=73 samples).

High	The data closely represent exposure scenarios related to untreated surface water used as sources of drinking

water, known or suspected of at least some human and(or) animal wastewater sources in upstream or upgradi-
ent areas.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	Table 3 provides single max concentration in environment and DF.

High	QA/QC techniques were discussed, including blanks, spikes, duplicate samples were analyzed to evaluate

recovery, reproducibility and lab contamination (p.211); results not corrected for recovery.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 114 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3604490

Study Citation:	Tokumura, M., Hatayama, R., Tatsu, K., Naito, T., Takeda, T., Raknuzzaman, M., -Al-Mamun, M. H., Masunaga, S. (2017). Organophosphate flame

retardants in the indoor air and dust in cars in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189:48.

HERO ID:	3604490

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

The sampling equipment and procedures for active air sampling of the inside of unoccupied vehicles and
vacuum sampling of surface dust within vehicles were described. The study site was described. The sample
storage conditions and duration of sample storage was not discussed.

Analytical instrumentation was detailed (GC-MS/MS was used to analyze the samples). The MDL and MQL
were provided in Table 2. Recoveries were used.

Sampling was conducted within the interiors of unoccupied vehicles for cabin air and surface dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Sampling was described as conducted within several outdoor parking sites of Yokohama and Kawagoe, Japan.
Sampling was described as conducted November 17 through November 27 of 2013.

Air and dust samples were collected from the interiors of25 unoccupied cars. There was no indication of repli-
cate sampling.

The data closely represented relevant exposure scenarios for car users and the sources of exposure were charac-
terized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Median concentrations and minimum, maximum concentrations were presented within Table 2 for cabin air
samples and Table 3 for inside car surface dust samples. Raw data points were provided for dust samples
within Table S4, but no raw data was provided for cabin air samples.

No quality control issues were identified. Quality control details were provided within a Quality Assurance/
Quality Control section within the main text.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some uncertainties and limitations were identified, and variability in concentration results was presented within
summary statistics.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 115 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3841180

Study Citation:	Hu, J., Li, N., Yoshino, H., Yanagi, U., Hasegawa, K., Kagi, N., He, Y., Wei, X. (2017). Field study on indoor health risk factors in households with

schoolchildren in south-central China. Building and Environment 117:260-273.

HERO ID:	3841180

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Sampling methods and approaches were described in detail in Table 2.

Low	Analytical methods were mentioned, but the process was minimally described.

N/A	They did not test for biomarkers, as they were not needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Changsha, China.

Medium	Samples were collected in 2013.

Medium	Samples were collected in 10 households, from various rooms within households. No replicates were reported.

High	Samples were collected from indoor environments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics were reported in figures and within text, including ranges, minimum, maximum, and aver-

ages in Table 3. Raw data were not reported.

Low	No information on QA/QC techniques, analytical blanks, nor recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

High

Characterized variability between seasons and the uncertainty sources were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 116 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3860951

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Loos, R., Tavazzi, S., Mariani, G., Suurkuusk, G., Paracchini, B., Umlauf, G. (2017). Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in water, fish

and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Joint Danube Survey using solid-phase extraction followed by UHPLC-MS-MS and GC-MS analysis.

Science of the Total Environment 607-608:1201-1212.

3860951

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling methodology was well described and included description of grab sampling and handling of sample
after collection.

Extraction and analysis was adequately described. LODs and LOQs reported in Table SI8.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected from the Danube River.

Sampling occurred in 2013.

68 sites were sampled with total of 71 water samples. Summary stats were provided to determine Danube River
concentrations as a whole but individual site concentrations were also reported based on single samples.

Scenario is relevant to general population and ecological receptors.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary statistics and chart of individual results shown, but no raw data reported clearly.
QA/QC was discussed in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion of variability and uncertainty. No standard deviation was provided when giving
summary statistics for Danube river as whole. There was some discussion on the trends based on sampling
location.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 117 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3861290

Study Citation:	He, M. J., Yang, T., Yang, Z. H., Li, Q., Wei, S. Q. (2017). Occurrence and Distribution of Organophosphate Esters in Surface Soil and Street Dust

from Chongqing, China: Implications for Human Exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 73:349-361.

HERO ID:	3861290

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sample site characteristics were described in detail, but actual sampling equipment and procedures were only
briefly provided.

Reference to a previously described sample extraction and purification method was provided, in addition to
extraction methods and analytical instrumentation. LOQ was provided in Table S2.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Chongqing, China.

Samples were collected in July 2016.

5-8 dust and soil samples were collected in the different sites delineated within Chongqing. Duplicate samples
are mentioned in QA/QC only.

Soil and dust samples collected in during stable weather conditions in July 2016. Within the city, sample sites
included commercial area, old residential areas, new industrial district, and a national park preserve.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data was reported.

Recoveries, blank values, and standard deviations in duplicates were provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion of uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps was provided.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 118 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3862000

Study Citation:	Kim, U. J., Oh, J. K., Kannan, K. (2017). Occurrence, removal, and environmental emission of organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers in a

wastewater treatment plant in New York State. Environmental Science and Technology 51:7872-7880.

HERO ID:	3862000

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling procedures adequately detailed in text and SI.

Extraction methods and analytical instrumentation are described in text. Quantification limits are in Table S3.
The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High

Medium
High

Samples were collected in New York State.

Samples were collected on a monthly basis from August 2013to April 2014. In addition, composite daily
samples were takenfrom April 27 to May 1 and from June 27 to June 28 in 2015.

No replicate samples were collected.

Composition of flame retardants in types of wastewater treatment plant samples (e.g., influent, effluent, sludge)
was characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not reported.

QA/QC was discussed in detail in text and SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Table 1 characterizes variability with min and max, but there was no discussion of uncertainties, limitations, or
data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 119 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3862171

Study Citation:	Zheng, X., Qiao, L., Covaci, A., Sun, R., Guo, H., Zheng, J., Luo, X., Xie, Q., Mai, B. (2017). Brominated and phosphate flame retardants (FRs) in

indoor dust from different microenvironments: Implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal contact. Chemosphere 184:185-191.
HERO ID:	3862171

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Medium
N/A

Study's sampling methodology described equipment, procedures, and storage conditions in both the text and
supplemental. It was based on previously published papers.

Only ranges for the limits of quantification were provided.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in South China.

Samples were collected in 2015.

8-9 samples were collected per microenvironment, and no replicate samples were collected.
Exposure to indoor dust from different indoor microenvironments was analyzed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Individual sample concentrations were not provided. Only median and range were available in Table 1.

Some pertinent information presented on QA/QC. Recovery percentages varied between the types of flame
retardants. A range was reported for all types, and the low end for each was in the 60s% . It was unclear if/how
the authors corrected for those low recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Study characterized variance with range, but there was little discussion about limitations, uncertainties, and
data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 120 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3862555

Study Citation:	Zhou, L., Hiltscher, M., Puttmann, W. (2017). Occurrence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from

various microenvironments of the Rhine/Main region, Germany. Indoor Air 27:1113-1127.

HERO ID:	3862555

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	High	Reported all aspects of sampling method in great detail in text and supplemental, as well as according to previ-

ously published protocol.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High	Reported all aspects of analytical method and QA/QC protocols in great detail in text and supplemental. Refer-

enced SRM 2585.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Study measures chemicals in the environment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Sampling took place in the Rhine/Main region of Germany.

Sampling took place from January to July 2015.

Collected more than one sample from a variety of different microenvironments, but did not apply continuous or
repeated monitoring methods. Some microenvironments had fewer than 10 samples. No replicate samples.

Collected questionnaire data on details on sample site characteristics, including ventilation conditions and use
patterns.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Did not report raw data, only summary statistics.

Performed many QA/QC protocols (procedural and field blanks, SRM dust sample, and sample recoveries) and
no issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Robust quantitative and qualitative characterization of variability across microenvironments; robust discussion
on key data uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 121 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3862723

Study Citation:	Li, J., Xie, Z., Mi, W., Lai, S., Tian, C., Emeis, K. C., Ebinghaus, R. (2017). Organophosphate esters in air, snow, and seawater in the North Atlantic

and the arctic. Environmental Science and Technology 51:6887-6896.

HERO ID:	3862723

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Methods are detailed in text and further described in SI.

The MDLs are listed in SI.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in North Atlantic and Arctic regions.

Samples were collected in June 2014.

There was no indication of replicate collection.

Additional contextual data is provided in the SI.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data are not reported.
QA/QC was described in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability and uncertainty are both discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 122 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3864462

Study Citation:	Castorina, R., Butt, C., Stapleton, H. M., Avery, D., Harley, K. G., Holland, N., Eskenazi, B., Bradman, A. (2017). Flame retardants and their

metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere 179:159-166.

HERO ID:	3864462

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sample collection followed the ASTM Standard Practice D 5438-05 for dust. Urine sampling information is
not detailed. Type of sample is not specified, suggesting use of unpooled spot samples. The type of container
the samples were collected and stored in was not specified. Urine samples were kept at -80C until analysis.
Type on instrumentation was reported, though information on analytical methodology was brief. MDL and
recoveries were reported in Supplemental Material. Urine samples are reported SG standardized in the study
itself and unadjusted and creatinine adjusted in the SI.

TCEP was measured in dust only.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Salinas, California.

Samples were collected between 1999-2001.

There were 310 urine samples and 125 dust samples, but no replicates. The urine samples were likely unpooled
spot samples.

The study collected specific exposure-related information, such as housekeeping quality. It describes the asso-
ciation between levels of TCEP in dust and the presence of "extremely worn" carpet, among other characteris-
tics of the studied population. It also discusses the association between levels of chemicals in dust and in urine.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual samples are not reported, but the summary of statistics is detailed (mean, CI, Min, Man, and 25th/
50th/75th/90th percentiles). Adjusted and unadjusted data were reported for urine samples.

Lab recoveries of internal standards were reported for urine and for dust. Field QC samples were not reported,
and there was minimal discussion of QA/QC reported in the paper. (It may have been discussed in detail in an
earlier paper on the cohort study as a whole.)

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study characterizes variability in the population and media. Key limitations are reported (e.g., urine and
dust samples were not collected on the same date).

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 123 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3864979

Study Citation:	Clark, A. E., Yoon, S., Sheesley, R. J., Usenko, S. (2017). Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Organophosphate Ester Concentrations from Atmo-

spheric Particulate Matter Samples Collected across Houston, TX. Environmental Science and Technology 51:4239-4247.

HERO ID:	3864979

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Preparation of the filters and storage after sampling was not described.
The study references prior papers for analytical methods.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Houston, TX.

Samples were collected in 2013.

40 samples were collected at four sampling sites over two days.
Ambient air exposure to the general population is characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data are not reported.

QA/QC included blanks, recovery calculations, and check standards.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Discussion of variability was adequate, but discussion of uncertainties was limited.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 124 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3866506

Study Citation:	Zhao, F., Chen, M., Gao, F., Shen, H., Flu, J. (2017). Organophosphorus Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women and Their Transfer to Chorionic Villi.

Environmental Science and Technology 51:6489-6497.

HERO ID:	3866506

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
High

The sampling protocol used was not a publicly available SOP from a trusted or authoritative source, but the
sampling methodology is clear, appropriate (i.e., scientifically sound). Subjects and sample collection described
in the materials and methods section.

The analytical method used was not a publicly available method from a trusted or authoritative source, but the
methodology is clear and appropriate (i.e., scientifically sound). LOQ for tissue samples reported in Table 1
and LOD and LOQ for plasma samples reported in Table S4.

The study reported parent chemical and metabolite (BCEP) in biological media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected between January 2014 and December 2016.

The collection of replicate samples was not reported. Fifty decidua samples and fifty chorionic villus samples
were collected and tested for the parent chemical, and twenty-five of each of those sample types were tested for
the metabolite. Twenty-five paired plasma samples were collected and tested for the parent chemical.

The data likely represent relevant/realistic exposure scenario, but the use of expose controls was not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data was not reported. Summary statistics (detection frequency, mean, median, SD, range, 25% and 75% )
reported in Tables 2, 3, and S2.

The use of QA/QC techniques and results were described such as the use of field blanks, procedural blanks,
matrix effects determination, standards, and recoveries. However, baseline samples were not reported." Tables
1 and S4 report recovery and matrix effects.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study characterizes variability in the population/media studied and reports measures of variance. The study
has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 125 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3867958

Study Citation:	Cui, K., Wen, J., Zeng, F., Li, S., Zhou, X., Zeng, Z. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate esters in urban soils of the subtropical

city, Guangzhou, China. Chemosphere 175:514-520.

HERO ID:	3867958

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling methodology is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with widely accepted methods/
approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed.

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. MDL is reported.

Parent chemical in soil measured.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples collected in Guangzhou, China.

Surface soil samples were collected in December 2011.

A total of 67 surface soil samples collected.

Urban soils of a subtropical city sampled. Detailed settings are described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data not reported. Several summary statistics reported, including range, mean, std deviation, and median.
Key QA reported including blanks and recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Reported SD and correlations however, robust discussion of limitations and uncertainties not provided.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 126 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3868251

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ma, Y., Jin, J., Li, P., Xu, M., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, H. (2017). Organophosphate ester flame retardant concentrations and distributions in serum

from inhabitants of Shandong, China, and changes between 2011 and 2015. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36:414-421.

3868251

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology, study site characteristics, sample storage conditions briefly detailed within text, and

noted as described further within SI Table SI in terms of sample number and demographics for each pooled
sample. Insufficient information on sample storage duration prior to analysis.

Medium	Analytical methodology, instrumentation, extraction methods, LOD's and LOQ's reported as ranges for all 6

OPE's, and acceptable recoveries detailed. Insufficient information on instrument calibration.
N/A	Parent chemical measured in serum sample.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples collected in Shandong, China.

Samples were collected in 2015 and 2011.

Total of 305 samples collected in 2011, and 452 samples collected in 2015, but final analysis on 10 pooled
samples. Single, non-replicate serum samples collected from non-statistical sampling approach of volunteers
within a hospital. Samples were age- and sex-stratified then combined into 10 pools for age groups 20 to 29 yr,

30 to 39 yr, 40 to 49 yr, 50 to 59 yr, and 60 yr.

Serum sampled. Population described briefly in terms of age for pooling strategy, and no other information
about demographics were given.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Data described as summarized within SI Table S4"raw data not reported within full text or noted as within SI.

Summary statistic data presented within figures in full text, with noted additional detail within SI.

Medium	Accepted laboratory recoveries and use of method blanks. However, authors did not note final concentration

data or blank-corrected due to limited blank concentrations detected. Baseline or pre-exposure sampling not
conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Although pooled for analysis, large participant sample size contributed somewhat to characterization of inter-

individual serum concentration variability. Single serum samples insufficient to characterize intra-individual
variability over time. Concentrations pooled within age-stratified categories, but not presented within full text
or supplemental as stratified by age. Limited discussion of uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 127 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3868253

Study Citation:	Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Lohmann, R., Mi, W., Gao, G. (2017). Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in ocean sediments from the north

pacific to the arctic ocean. Environmental Science and Technology 51:3809-3815.

HERO ID:	3868253

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Sampling methodology was briefly described in the supplemental information, including sampling equipment,
procedures, and storage conditions. The sampling procedures are lacking in detail.

Analytical methods were sufficiently detailed in the main study and supplemental information. MDL reported
in the supplemental.

Study measured parent chemical in sediment sampling.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Canada Basin, and Central Arctic Ocean.
Samples were collected in 2010.

Samples were collected from 5 different sea areas with multiple sites, no replicates.

Oceanic sediments in North Pacific to Arctic Ocean.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Raw data is reported in Table 1.

Key QC reported included use of blanks and recoveries. TPHP specific recovery not reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability of samples was well-described. However, there was only minimal characterization of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 128 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3974754

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Li, P., Jin, J., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Xu, M., Sun, Y., Ma, Y. (2017). Concentrations of organophosphorus, polybromobenzene, and polybrominated diphenyl

ether flame retardants in human serum, and relationships between concentrations and donor ages. Chemosphere 171:654-660.

3974754

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Some information missing such as serum sampling equipment, procedures, storage conditions/duration. Study

site characteristics noted as described within the supplemental information.

Medium	Extraction method and analytical instrumentation. LOD noted provided in supplemental information Table S1.

N/A	Study measured parent chemicals in serum.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples collected in south coast of Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, China.

Low	Sample collection date was not specified, but the study was published in 2017.

Medium	Sample size of 10 age- and gender-specific categories of pooled sampling results. No replicates were reported.

Medium	Serum concentrations of contaminants. Insufficient information on whether serum samples were from individu-

als with relevant/non-relevant exposures.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Only summary statistics including mean (range) concentration data, number of individuals sampled within each

pooled age category, frequency of detection data within text and figures. Raw data not provided.

Medium	Key QA reported including blanks and recovers. Quality control issues identified were minor.ples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was limited discussion of uncertainties and limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 129 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3975066

Study Citation:	Hopple, J. A., Delzer, G. C., Kingsbury, J. A. (2009). Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of selected community water systems that

use groundwater, 2002-05. SIR 2009-5200 :76.

HERO ID:	3975066

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 11 Sampling Methodology	High	Sampling methods for source groundwater and finished drinking water samples prior to distribution were

described in detail.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High	Analytical methods were described and detailed as using USGS approved analytical methods. Laboratory

reporting limits were provided within tables.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Study tested parent chemicals in selected community water systems.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Sampling was conducted across the U.S. (Fig 1).

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Sampling was conducted October 2002 through July 2005.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

High

Sampling was conducted within 12 principal aquifers across the United States within about 15 wells in each



Variability



SWQA study with 221 well samples. Replicate sampling was conducted.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Exposure sources were described for contamination in source water (groundwater) and finished water (drinking

water) across the U.S.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Summary statistic data was provided in Table 5, Appendix 1, and Appendix 3 and included detection fre-

quency, number of samples, maximum concentration in source water (groundwater) and finished water (drink-
ing water). Raw data was not provided.

Metric 9'. Quality Assurance	Medium	Quality assurance was detailed within descriptions of use of field blanks, replicate samples, and recoveries.

Recoveries were generally within acceptable limits for most compounds but actual numbers were not provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10; Variability and Uncertainty	Low	Authors did not provide measures of variance within statistical summary measures of results, but maximum

groundwater concentrations were presented. There was little discussion of limitations, uncertainties, or data
gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 130 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3975074

Study Citation:	Sugeng, E. J., Leonards, P. E. G., van de Bor, M. (2017). Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in body wipes and house dust, and an

estimation of house dust hand-loadings in Dutch toddlers. Environmental Research 158:789-797.

HERO ID:	3975074

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology for hand, mouth, body and accumulation wipes, as well as house dust was outlined
and included sampling equipment and procedures. The length of time of sample storage was not discussed,
but it says the body wipes were frozen within 12 hours. One weakness of the sampling methodology was dust
samples were collected with the vacuum in the home, using special filters, instead of being collected with the
same vacuum in all homes. (A "Duststream dust collector and filter" was attached at the end of all the vacuums,
but the sucking power of the vacuums could have varied, resulting in pulling in different amounts of dust.)

Elements of analytical methodology discussed include instrumentation, extraction, and use of standards. Re-
coveries are not detailed. LOD's are reported as a range for dust and as less than a value for wipes.

Body wipes and house dust were analyzed for parent chemicals.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Sampling was conducted in the Netherlands.

Recruitment and home visits for data collection took place between August and October of 2013.

There were 21 participants. Replicate samples was not conducted. Sampling was conducted on a single home
visit day.

They measured chemicals collected on a body wipe at the start of a home visit and then measured chemicals
on body wipes from toddlers after 30 min of play activity in their homes. These wipes were used on hands,
mouths, and backs. They also collected dust from the homes. These data are representative of a realistic ex-
posure scenario. The researchers also used their data to estimate the total amount of dust that accumulates on
toddlers' hands each day. Microclimate information was not detailed, and there were no exposure control sam-
ples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual samples are not reported. There is a summary table that takes all the wipes of each type together
(those of a particular body part collected upon the researchers' arrival and after 30 min of play). The table
presents median, IQR, and range. The SD is not reported.

Field control samples are not reported. The study doesn't report results of QA measures, but it says the QA/QC
for each series of samples was based on one NIST SRM 2585 dust reference material and one blank. It also
reports on use of a standard. However, recoveries were not reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study reports key limitations, mainly uncertainties. Variability discussed includes differences by age,
gender, and education level of the parents.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 131 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3975118

Study Citation:	Fernie, K. J., Chabot, D., Champoux, L., Brimble, S., Alaee, M., Marteinson, S., Chen, D., Palace, V., Bird, D. M., Letcher, R. J. (2017). Spatiotemporal

patterns and relationships among the diet, biochemistry, and exposure to flame retardants in an apex avian predator, the peregrine falcon. Environmental

Research 158:43-53.

HERO ID:	3975118

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods described in detail.

Analytical methods described in detail and also in SI. LOD reported.
The parent chemical was measured in blood samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected at the Canadian Great Lakes area.

Samples were collected in 2010.

Samples varied from 2-13. No replicates.

Reason for choosing falcon population explained. Source of exposure detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data not presented but summary statistics were very thorough.
QC briefly discussed- recoveries detailed in section 2.2.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Analytical variability quantified briefly but not discussed in depth. No limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 132 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3984272

Study Citation:	Henrfquez-Herndndez, L. A., Carret6n, E., Camacho, M., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Boada, L. D., Bernal Martin, V., Falc6n Cord6n, Y., Falc6n Cord6n,

S., Zumbado, M., Luzardo, O. P. (2017). Potential Role of Pet Cats As a Sentinel Species for Human Exposure to Flame Retardants. Frontiers in
veterinary science 4:79.

HERO ID:	3984272

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methods for cat and human blood were described in detail.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Analytical methods, gas chromatography, and QA/QC were sufficiently described. Limits of quantification
were presented as a range.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Parent chemicals were measured in cat and human serum.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Sampling was conducted in the Canary Islands, Spain.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

Sampling was conducted in between October and December of 2016.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Samples of plasma from 22 cats and 20 humans were collected in a single sample from each subject during
2016. No replicate samples were obtained.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure scenario was described in terms of potential sources of domestic exposure. Use of exposure controls
was not detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Summary statistics included number of samples, mean, median and standard deviations of reported concentra-
tion data. Raw data was not reported.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Analytical QA/QC procedures were described and included laboratory recoveries and reagent blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was a discussion of variability between exposures for humans and cats, however a comprehensive under-
standing of exposure sources is not well characterized.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 133 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 3985267

Study Citation:	Guo, J., Venier, M., Salamova, A., Hites, R. A. (2017). Bioaccumulation of Dechloranes, organophosphate esters, and other flame retardants in Great

Lakes fish. Science of the Total Environment 583:1-9.

HERO ID:	3985267

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

The sampling methodology for fish and air sampling is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with
widely accepted methods/approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed. Samples from fish were
collected following the EPA Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program (GLFMSP) sampling
protocol. Air was sampled according to standard operating procedures of the U.S. Integrated Atmospheric
Deposition Network.

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. Instrument detection limits are reported in Table SI.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in fish and air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Geographic Area
Currency

High
Medium

Fish sampling was conducted within each of the five U.S. Great Lakes with sampling locations shown within
Figure SI. Air was sampled at five United States Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) sites.

Fish samples were collected in 2010, while air sampling was conducted in January, April, July and October of
2013.

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High

Results were reported within Table 1 for n=13 fish samples and n=13 air samples for TCEP.

The exposure scenario was described and focused on bioaccumulation in fishes in the Great Lakes as well as
results of air sampling.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not reported. Summary statistics in Table 1 included the number of samples and geometric mean
concentration levels. Frequency of detection and measures of variation were not detailed.

Quality assurance was detailed within text and included details regarding recoveries, procedural and field
blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability was discussed in terms of spatial distribution. Results were compared with previous studies, how-
ever a robust discussion of potential study limitations was lacking.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 134 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4143122

Study Citation:	Blum, K. M., Andersson, P. L., Renman, G., Ahrens, L., Gros, M., Wiberg, K., Haglund, P. (2017). Non-target screening and prioritization of potentially

persistent, bioaccumulating and toxic domestic wastewater contaminants and their removal in on-site and large-scale sewage treatment plants. Science

of the Total Environment 575:265-275.

HERO ID:	4143122

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Low
N/A

Sampling method was described in details, and lacked a few details about the storage condition and sampling
equipment and specific procedure.

The analytical method was described, but LOD was not reported.

The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Non-target sampling took place in 2013, and target sampling took place in 2015.
Sample size were not directly reported, but can be inferred than it had replicates.

The exposure matrixes were not described in details.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No individual data points were reported either in main article or SI.
Quality assurance measures were explained in details.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study had limited discussion of limitations and variability.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 135 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4161520

Study Citation:	Iqbal, M., Syed, J. H., Breivik, K., Chaudhry, M. J. I., Li, J., Zhang, G., Malik, R. N. (2017). E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The First Evidence

of Environmental and Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City. Environmental Science and Technology 51:13895-13905.

HERO ID:	4161520

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methodologies and equipment, location, storage, distance from facility were identified. The gas/
particulate samples and description profiles are noted in table SI

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methods sufficiently described in supporting information S3.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

No biomarkers were tested.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected at recycling sites in Pakistan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in August 2014

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

There were over 10 samples. There were no replicates mentioned.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure occurred from soil to a relevant general pop relevant, were the recycling e-waste is a occupational
scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Descriptive statistics were provided in the supporting information S5 and S6

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA reported included repeatability and the use of blanks, and spiked blanks. QA/QC requirements are dis-
cussed in the description of the US EPA method 5055 mentioned. There is discussion of MDLs vs IDLs.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was discussion of inter-site variation, uncertainties in Koa, exposure estimates, and limited air samples.
There could have been greater discussion of limitations and uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 136 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4161719

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Hoffman, K., Lorenzo, A., Butt, C. M., Hammel, S. C., Henderson, B. B., Roman, S. A., Scheri, R. P., Stapleton, H. M., Sosa, J. A. (2017). Exposure
to flame retardant chemicals and occurrence and severity of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study. Environment International 107:235-242.
4161719

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Household dust sampled by vacuum in main living area using methodology described within previously pub-

lished methods (Stapleton et al., 2012a). Single vacuum type described as used within all sampling. Insufficient
information on frozen sample storage time prior to sample analysis, performance of vacuum. Unclear if vacu-
uming only on floor.

Low	Household dust samples analyzed for TPP and TCEP using methodology described in previously published

methods (Hoffman et al., 2015; etc.). Extraction methods, analytical instrumentation (GC/ECNI-MS), recovery
TPP described. Insufficient information on instrument calibration, LOD/LOQ, recovery for TCEP.

N/A	Household dust sampling for parent chemicals (serum sampling not conducted for chemicals of interest).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4: Geographic Area
Metric 5: Currency

Metric 6: Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
Low

Medium

Medium

Study inclusion restricted to those individuals living within 50 miles of Duke University Hospital.

Sampling dates not specified, however can be inferred from recruitment dates given as between April 2014 and
January 2016 along with publication date of 2017 such that sampling must be between 2014 and 2017. It is
unclear if sampling started in 2014.

Single dust vacuuming sampling for each household however n=l 16 for total (case and control) samples ana-
lyzed, dust vacuuming limited to home (rather than office, school, etc) and main living room of home, and no
replicate sampling over time. Authors do note that household dust FR concentrations known to be correlated
over several years and average time in household sampled noted as 10 years, yet unknown if single sample rep-
resentative of variability in exposures ultimately necessary for development of cancer outcome.

Dust sampling within the main living room home likely representative of non-occupational exposure. Insuffi-
cient information on use of exposure controls or blanks.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics reported (Fig. 1 box plots) for n=l 16. Insufficient information on whether raw data is

reported in SI, detection frequencies.

Medium	Insufficient information on field and laboratory control, blank samples, and lack of pre-exposure sampling.

Recoveries reported for TPP but not TCEP.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Limited information on variability statistics (box plots in Fig. 1), however authors discussed study limitations

of single home environment sampling as a proxy for personal exposure, lack of dust sampling for other living
environments contributing to exposure, and note average house occupancy of 10 years that may not be repre-
sentative of FR dust exposures relevant to development of outcome.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 137 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4162077

Study Citation:	Zheng, X., Sun, R., Qiao, L., Guo, H., Zheng, J., Mai, B. (2017). Flame retardants on the surface of phones and personal computers. Science of the

Total Environment 609:541-545.

HERO ID:	4162077

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

There was a brief description of wipe sampling. There is no method number or reference provided. The storage
conditions were mentioned and blanks were collected.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Analytical methodology is provided and a reference with the analytical parameters is cited.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Study measured parent chemical only.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Guangzhou, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

Samples were collected in June 2015.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Low

There were 4-13 samples collected per type of phone/PC. No replicated were reported.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Data represents exposure to indoor air.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data were not reported. Several summary statistics were reported, including detection freq, median, and
range provided for data sets of 1) phones and 2) PCs. Fig.l provides a graphical representation of concentration
by brand of phone.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

Key QA reported included use of blanks. Spiked samples were analyzed but results not provided with no issues
being identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Median & range provided but variation not tabulated for data set. No replicated were reported. The limitations
section states that it is a preliminary study with further work to be done.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 138 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4162250

Study Citation:	Cristale, J., Aragao Bel6, T. G., Lacorte, S., Rodrigues de Marchi, M. R. (2018). Occurrence and human exposure to brominated and organophosphorus

flame retardants via indoor dust in a Brazilian city. Environmental Pollution 237:695-703.

HERO ID:	4162250

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling method described in detail including sampling time, and sample handling after collection.

Analytical methods detailed in supplement. Method detection limit reported for each target compound in
supplement.

Parent chemical measured in dust sample.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples collected in Brazil.

No sampling date was provided, but publication date is available.

Collected multiple dust samples from each indoor environment, but only collected dust at one point in time in
each environment.

Concentration in dust samples measured. Limited characterization of building traits and other microenviron-
mental factors.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data reported. Summary statistics provided.

QA/QC discussed including calibration, extraction efficiency, and procedural blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Standard deviations reported and variabilities discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 139 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4164912

Study Citation:	Muenhor, D., Moon, H. B., Lee, S., Goosey, E. (2018). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust from a manual

e-waste dismantling facility and adjacent communities in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances
& Environmental Engineering 53:79-90.

HERO ID:	4164912

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Medium
N/A

Referenced a previously described standardized protocol for their sampling methodology and included a sum-
mary of pertinent information.

Analytical method discussed and LOQ provided. However, instrument calibration not discussed.

Study tested the parent chemicals in floor and road dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected in Thailand.

Data collected in May 2014.

5-10 samples collected per microenvironment and no replicate data.

Study examined exposure to floor and road dust from a manual e-waste dismantling facility and impact to
nearby communities.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary statistics presented such as mean and range. However, raw data not provided.

Pertinent QA/QC info provided, including recoveries and references to previously established protocols.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No discussion of limitations, data gaps, or uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 140 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4165497

Study Citation:	Li, J., Tang, J., Mi, W., Tian, C., Emeis, K. C., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z. (2017). Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of organophosphate esters in

air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Environmental Science and Technology 52:89-97.

HERO ID:	4165497

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling methods were described in cited previously published paper. The details on sample storage prior to
analysis is missing from the text.

Analytical methods were sufficiently detailed. Method detection limits reported in supplement.

Study measured parent chemical in air samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China.

Samples were collected in 2016.

15 samples were collected. There were no replicates mentioned.

Samples collected from the air above the sea off China's coast is not reflective of US general population expo-
sure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics were reported, including mean, median, range, and standard
deviation.

QA/QC techniques were well described and included blanks, MDLs, and recovery rates.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Characterized variability sufficiently. There was a limited discussion of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 141 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4168728

Study Citation:	Zeng, X., Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Gao, S., Yu, Z. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and their

potential health exposure risk. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37:345-352.

HERO ID:	4168728

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

The sampling methodology is briefly discussed. Greater details are included in referenced publication (Liu
2014) instead.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology is sufficiently described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appro-
priate for the chemical and media analyzed. LOD is reported.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The study is testing for the parent chemical in indoor dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Jiang"an and Caidian Districts, Wuhan City, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in 2013.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

There were 53 indoor dust samples. No replicates were reported.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Exposure occurred through indoor dust containing organophosphate ester flame retardants.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data for individual samples are not reported. Summary statistics included median, range, mean, 25th, 50th,
and 75th percentiles, and detection frequency.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA/QC techniques were reported, including blanks and spiked standards, with no quality issues found.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Mentioned many other references for comparison but variability and uncertainty is not clearly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 142 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4178500

Study Citation:	Kim, H., Tanabe, S. I. (2017). Measuring Degree of Contamination by Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC) in Interiors of Korean Homes and

Kindergartens. lournal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 16:661-668.

HERO ID:	4178500

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The paper's sampling procedures and equipment are clearly detailed.

The authors list the limit of detection, matching the criteria.

It is stated that the parent chemical was measured in the environment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

This study was conducted in South Korea.

The dates reported were from 2013 to 2014.

It is reported that samples were collected over multiple days, but it is unclear how many samples were taken.
The source of exposure, floors, is relevant to study, particularly for children.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual data is not reported.

There is no specific section but quality assurance but can be implied.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was variability in media (air and dust), setting (house and kindergarten), and floor material (pvc and
wood). There was also no mention of limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 143 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4181327

Study Citation:	Chen, D., Letcher, R. J., Chu, S. (2012). Determination of non-halogenated, chlorinated and brominated organophosphate flame retardants in herring

gull eggs based on liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1220:169-174.

HERO ID:	4181327

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low

High
N/A

Sampling methodology was described only briefly as part of the annual egg collection in the Environment
Canada's GreatLakes Herring Gull Monitoring Program. A reference (C.E. Hebert, R.J. Norstrom, D.V.C. We-
seloh, Environ. Rev. 7 (1999) 147) was mentioned, but it was unclear if sampling methods would be detailed
within this referenced study and full text was not obtained.

The method limits of quantification were reported in Table 2. Analytical methodology was described in terms
of instrumentation, extraction and recoveries.

Parent chemicals were measured in eggs.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Sampling was conducted for eggs within the Laurentian Great Lakes area.

Sampling was conducted in 2010.

Table 2 shows replicates and n=5 for the homogenate for method validation, but Table 3 shows 13 individual
herring gull eggs samples. A non-statistical sampling methodology was utilized.

Exposure sources were described. Exposure controls were not utilized and microclimate information was not
detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics were only presented in terms of number of samples and raw data concentrations for each
sample.

Quality assurance procedure details included reporting use of procedural blanks and recoveries were reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Summary statistic variability was not presented. Samples were only described as collected in 2010.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 144 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4181598

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Sengupta, A., Lyons, J. M., Smith, D. J., Drewes, J. E., Snyder, S. A., Heil, A., Maruya, K. A. (2014). The occurrence and fate of chemicals of emerging
concern in coastal urban rivers receiving discharge of treated municipal wastewater effluent. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33:350-358.
4181598

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

The water sampling methodology was described in detail.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

The analytical methods were described, including LOD but did not report recoveries.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in 2 effluent-dominated rivers in southern California.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in 2011.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

Two sampling events at multiple locations on each river; 3 surface grabs collected at each station and subdi-
vided into 3 bottles.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to surface water near water reclamation plants in
Southern California.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Low

The authors only reported limited summary statistics. Mean concentrations and std for the 2 sample events
provided (Table 3); in-stream concentration Fig 4A and 5A; more data provided in SI tables.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Low

QA/QC techniques were briefly described, e.g., including the use of field blanks analyzed in parallel with water
samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability (SD). Uncertainties were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 145 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4181703

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Zeng, X., He, L., Cao, S., Ma, S., Yu, Z., Gui, H., Sheng, G., Fu, J. (2014). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers

in wastewater treatment plant sludges from the Pearl River Delta, China. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33:1720-1725.

4181703

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Insufficient details on sampling equipment and procedures. Storage conditions were not reported. Additional

information on site characteristics is referenced as being in the SI.

High	Extraction method, analytical instrumentation, and LOQ/LOD were all reported.

N/A	Study tested for the parent chemical in sludge from wastewater treatment plants.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected from Pearl River Delta, Southern China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

No sampling date is provided, but a publication date is available.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Medium

The authors collected sludge from 19 WWTPs. Only technical replicates but not replicate sampling available.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Sampled concentration in sludge from WWTPs. The authors provided information about the setting of the

study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	High

Individual sample concentrations reported in the article, Table 2. Missing summary statistics by chemical,
though some were provided for the sum of organophosphate retardants.

The authors report all pertinent quality assurance information in the article. There were acceptable recoveries
for TCEP. TCEP was detected above LOD in blanks but were background-subtracted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Low	The authors provide a short discussion about the variability of the sludge concentrations between plants but not

limited measure of variance. They also have very limited discussion on limitations or gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 146 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4182476

Study Citation:	Hu, Y. X., Sun, Y. X., Li, X., Xu, W. H., Zhang, Y., Luo, X. J., Dai, S. H., Xu, X. R., Mai, B. X. (2017). Organophosphorus flame retardants in

mangrove sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Chemosphere 181:433-439.

HERO ID:	4182476

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology fully explained.

The extraction and cleanup procedures for OPFRs in sedimentsamples were described by Tan et al. (2016).
Parent chemical measured in sediment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Study occurred in South China.

Sediment samples were collected November 2015.

Forty-eight surface sediments collected from three mangrove wetlands. No replicate samples were collected.
Samples were collected from mangrove wetlands.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics reported such as range, median, and mean. Individual data points are not reported.
QA/QC discussed including use of blanks and recoveries. No control samples were used.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion of uncertainties/limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 147 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4182528

Study Citation:	Wan, W., Zhang, S., Huang, H., Wu, T. (2016). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus esters in soils and wheat plants in a plastic waste

treatment area in China. Environmental Pollution 214:349-353.

HERO ID:	4182528

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Some sampling methodology was provided (e.g., soil depth, size of sample area, storage conditions, sample
locations in the SI). Sampling equipment was described but lacking some details.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Analytical methodology is adequately described in text and supplemental information. LODs were only pre-
sented as a range for soil and plants.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Analysis was conducted for the chemical in wheat which was grown in areas with soil samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Hubei Province, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

The study took place in 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Low

Four soil samples at each of nine sites (28 soil samples total) were taken, 19 were collected at waste sites, and
9 from nearby farmland. Timing of the collection was not specified. The study only used replicate samples (4)
for whole wheat plants but not soil.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

While local plastic waste and treatment disposal onto surface soils may not apply to the US, this study's other
aim of assessing plant uptake can be relevant, especially with regards to transfer of contaminants into the food
chain.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Mean, range, and frequency of detection (90% ) were reported but no raw data was in text or supplemental
information.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Quality assurance steps listed were listed and external standards were used.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The range was provided on page 350 to characterize variance. There was little discussion of uncertainties,
limitations, or data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 148 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4182703

Study Citation:	Maruya, K. A., Dodder, N. G., Sengupta, A., Smith, D. J., Lyons, J. M., Heil, A. T., Drewes, J. E. (2016). Multimedia screening of contaminants of

emerging concern (CECS) in coastal urban watersheds in southern California (USA). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35:1986-1994.

HERO ID:	4182703

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling methodology for fish, river water and sediment sampling was described in detail: 1L of unfiltered
water samples were collected using stainless steel bucket; sediment samples were collected using hand shovel
and stored in a glass jar; fish samples were collected and wrapped in foil; storage temperature was defined;
Table SI and S2 provide sampling location and dates.

Analytic methodology was described in detail: solid-phase extraction or accelerated solvent extraction was
utilized; LC-MS/MS or GC-NCI/MS was utilized; recoveries were reported; reporting limits were provided in
Tables S3 -S6.

Sampling was conducted in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High
High

Sampling for river water and sediment was conducted in the Santa Clara River watershed in southern Califor-
nia. Fish samples were collected in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor complex.

River water sampling was conducted during 2 low-flow events on 27 July and 15 October of 2013. Bed sedi-
ment was collected on 4 September 2013. Fish samples were collected in August of 2013 and May of 2014.

10 water stations in the river watershed were sampled during 2 low-flow events. Bed sediments collected were
collected in a single event (n=22). Fish tissues n=26 were collected in August of 2013 and May of 2014.

The exposure scenario was described. Concentrations in coastal urban waterways, water, sediment, and fish
tissue samples from effluent-dominated river and multiple embayments were reported.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Raw data was provided in SI.

Quality assurance details were provided and included recoveries and use of procedural and field blanks. Recov-
ery of TCEP-dl2 was variable and less than 10% for 7 of 23 sediment extracts, resulting in higher uncertainty
and likely underestimated concentrations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Some study uncertainties were presented. Results were compared to previous studies. Statistical summary
measures of variability were not presented.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 149 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4182871

Study Citation:	Olofsson, U., Brorstrom-Lund&i, E., Kylin, H., Haglund, P. (2013). Comprehensive mass flow analysis of Swedish sludge contaminants. Chemosphere

90:28-35.

HERO ID:	4182871

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology is discussed in the supplement. The discussion contains most information (site
characters, sampling procedure, storage).

Analytical procedure was performed by other labs. LOD was mentioned to be calculated but not reported in the
document.

The study tested in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The study was conducted in Sweden.

Low	The study took place in Autumn of 2004.

Medium	Sludge samples were collected at seven STPs.

Medium	Sludge was reported as the exposure medium.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The supplement contained the individual data points but still lacked a few important information including

standard deviation.

High	Quality assurance and quality checks was discussed in the supplement. No issues were identified

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 150 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4253347

Study Citation:	Padhye, L. P., Yao, H., Kung'u, F. T., Huang, C. H. (2014). Year-long evaluation on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products,

and endocrine disrupting chemicals in an urban drinking water treatment plant. Water Research 51:266-276.

HERO ID:	4253347

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

N/A

Sampling methodology detailed in text and further detail in SI.

Analytical methodology described with extra details provided in the supplemental file but only range provided
for detection limit.

Parent chemical measured in water.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

Medium

Samples collected from Southeast U.S.

Sampling dates are provided in figure 2 (2009-2010).

Sampled at 5 locations along treatment process but only one river sampled.

Sample collection location was generically described as being a major river in the southeast U.S. representing
an urban water source.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Summary statistics provided including range and median. Raw data provided in supplemental file.
QA/QC provided in the supplemental file and included duplicate samples, blanks, as well as recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variabilities addressed. Limited discussion on uncertainties and study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 151 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4285929

Study Citation:	He, C., Wang, X., Thai, P., Baduel, C., Gallen, C., Banks, A., Bainton, P., English, K., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Organophosphate and brominated flame

retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure. Environmental Pollution 235:670-679.
HERO ID:	4285929

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methodology described in detail for dust and air sampling.

Analytical methods described with additional analytical details provided in SI file. LOQs provided in SI.
Parent chemical measured in indoor dust and air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

Medium

Samples collected from Brisbane and Canberra, Australia.

Sampling took place from January to March 2015.

Dust samples collected from 85 indoor settings and air sampled from 16 houses and 29 offices. Replicate
dust samples collected dust from multiple rooms in each house sampled and continuous air sampling via air
monitoring 48-101 days in each room sampled.

Concentration in indoor dust and air. Limited discussion of building characteristics, but did record products
present at the time of sampling.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics presented such as percentile range and median. Individual data points not reported.
QA/QC included blanks and LOD and LOQ quantification. No mention of sample recovery from analytical
method or extraction efficiency from PUF sampler.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Minimal discussion of study limitations and sources of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 152 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292112

Study Citation:	Li, Y., Yang, C., Zha, D., Wang, L., Lu, G., Sun, Q., Wu, D. (2018). In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative samplers to monitor

organophosphate flame retardants in river water using polyethersulfone membranes with performance reference compounds. Science of the Total

Environment 610-611:1356-1363.

HERO ID:	4292112

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	A limited field test of modified environmental sampling technique was conducted.

High	Performance reference (deuterated) compounds were used. This is likely high confidence as multiple meth-

ods were compared with one another; however, details are in the Supplemental Materials and Haserzon et al.
(2914b).

N/A	The parent chemical is being tested in the environmental media (in situ)

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	he study took place in Nanjing, China, with drinking water sources in the Sancha Estuary.

High	The study was conducted in 2016.

Medium	The collection of field grab samples was co-located with three in situ analytic equipment samples drawn five

times over 21 days (n=15 samples for each sampling/analytic technique) taken at the confluence of two rivers.

Low	The river water not the direct exposure medium.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

The mean and standard deviation are found in the bar graph (Fig. 5) comparing methods, not locations.

The authors compare results from different methods; precision, calibration, recovery, and blanks. Some details
are in the Supplemental Materials.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Analytic method development is provided, examining analytic uncertainties; this is not an analysis of environ-
mental variation, however.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 153 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292121

Study Citation:	Christia, C., Poma, G., Besis, A., Samara, C., Covaci, A. (2018). Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from Greece:

Implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 196:231-239.

HERO ID:	4292121

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methods materials, handling, and storage was provided for dust samples. Car dust samples were
collected using an 1800W vacuum cleaner equipped with a clean paper bag per sample. Car interiors were
sampled according to a modified version of the protocol reported by Harrad et al. (2008).

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methods and QA/QC were described and reported. Equipment included Agilent 6890 GC coupled to
an Agilent 5973 MS operated in electron impact (EI) mode.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Sampling date was not provided. Based on the sample description, sampling occurred after 2015. Samples
come from older and new cars (1997 to 2015).

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Samples were collected in one city, Thessaloniki, Greece. Variability in cars origins and age was discussed.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Car interior exposure scenario is characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Raw data are available in supplemental info.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Analytical QA/QC is described and reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability and uncertainty in the measurements were presented.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 154 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292129

Study Citation:	Deng, W. J., Li, N., Wu, R., Richard, W. K. S., Wang, Z., Ho, W. (2018). Phosphorus flame retardants and Bisphenol A in indoor dust and PM2.5 in

kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong. Environmental Pollution 235:365-371.

HERO ID:	4292129

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The sampling equipment, procedures, storage conditions, and site characteristics are described in the paper and
SI.

Extraction method and analytical instrumentation were described, but limits of detection were only provided as
a range.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Hong Kong.

Samples were collected from June 2015-May 2016.

Two primary schools and nine kindergartens were sampled. No replicate samples were collected.
Children's exposure via indoor dust in kindergartens and primary schools was characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Summary statistics were presented, but no raw data was presented.

Recovery ranges were reported in Section 2.3. No other information on QA/QC was presented.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was some characterization of variance (e.g., range). There was little discussion of limitations, data gaps,
or uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 155 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292130

Study Citation:	Poma, G., Sales, C., Bruyland, B., Christia, C., Goscinny, S., Van Loco, J., Covaci, A. (2018). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants

and plasticizers (PFRs) in Belgian foodstuffs and estimation of the dietary exposure of the adult population. Environmental Science and Technology

52:2331-2338.

HERO ID:	4292130

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sample methodology, including collection, processing, and storage, were described.

Analytical methods were described in detail. Limits of quantification can be found in the supplemental mate-
rial.

This is not applicable as it is the parent chemical detected in foods.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

The study looked at Belgian food stuffs in Belgium.

The study was conducted from 2015 to 2016.

There was a range of 2 to 45 samples per food category.

The study looked at dietary exposures.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

No individual values were provided.

There was no report of recovery for each chemical in extraction.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion on study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 156 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292133

Study Citation:	Persson, J., Wang, T., Hagberg, J. (2018). Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor dust, air and window wipes in newly built

low-energy preschools. Science of the Total Environment 628-629:159-168.

HERO ID:	4292133

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling methods and approaches described. Materials, supplies, and storage.

The chemical analysis was performed by a gas chromatograph (GC;Agilent 7890A) coupled with a mass spec-
trometer (MS; Agilent5975C). Analytical QA/QC was reported in supplemental, including limits of detection.

Parent chemical measured in dust, air, and window wipes samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Samples were collected in 2015 and 2016.

Three preschools, four sampling periods, over 2 years, but only 1 to 2 samples per sample type. No replicates.

Preschool indoor environment. Although this might not be very applicable to USA preschool indoor environ-
ments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Supplementary data may contain raw data, but these are not publicly accessible.
QA discussed in supplementary materials but these are not available to review.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Standard deviation reported but no discussion of limitations

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 157 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4292136

Study Citation:	Larsson, K., de Wit, C. A., Sellstrom, U., Sahlstrom, L., Lindh, C. H., Berglund, M. (2018). Brominated flame retardants and organophosphate esters

in preschool dust and children's hand wipes. Environmental Science and Technology 52:4878-4888.

HERO ID:	4292136

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods and approaches described.

Analytical methods provided, including recoveries and LOD.

The authors analyzed dust and hand wipes for the parent chemical TCEP.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Samples were collected in 2015.

One sample per kid, but 100 kids and samples in total.

The data closely represent preschool environment exposure scenarios in Sweden.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data was not available, only summary statistics (ranges, medians)
Analytical QA/QC reported and summarized.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (ranges only). Uncertainties were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 158 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4330586

Study Citation:	Matamoros, V., Arias, C. A., Nguyen, L. X., Salvad6, V., Brix, H. (2012). Occurrence and behavior of emerging contaminants in surface water and a

restored wetland. Chemosphere 88:1083-1089.

HERO ID:	4330586

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The water sampling methodology was well described.

The analytical methods were described, including recoveries but did not include LOD values.
The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Denmark.

Samples were collected between September to December 2010.
n=29 water samples in total, with replicates.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to TCEP in freshwater in Denmark.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

The authors reported summary statistics only (DF, min, max, and mean provided in Table 1).
QA/QC techniques were briefly described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (range). Uncertainties and limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 159 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4433160

Study Citation:	Kademoglou, K., Xu, F., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Haug, L. S., Covaci, A., Collins, C. D. (2017). Legacy and alternative flame retardants in Norwegian

and UK indoor environment: Implications of human exposure via dust ingestion. Environment International 102:48-56.

HERO ID:	4433160

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Some sampling methods such as sampler calibration and sample storage were not well reported. Samples are

from a cohort study described in another reference.

Some analytical methods such as recovery samples were not reported.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Norway and UK.

Samples were collected in 2013 and 2014.

There were over 10 samples collected, but no replicates were collected.

The exposure scenario characterizes indoor environments. Daily intakes were presented.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data were not reported.
Limited QA was reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Few study gaps and limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 160 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4457234

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Been, F., Bastiaensen, M., Lai, F. Y., van Nuijs, A. L. N., Covaci, A. (2017). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of biomarkers

of exposure to phosphorus flame retardants in wastewater to monitor community-wide exposure. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Analytical

Edition 89:10045-10053.

4457234

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The article reports sufficient information about the sampling procedure, but the sample storage duration is not

mentioned nor information on the autosampler performance.

High	The authors reported that their sample preparation and instrumental analysis were validated based on guidelines

from European Medicines Agency.

N/A	The authors measured TCEP, the parent compound in the wastewater.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The authors described the study area. Samples collected in Flanders, Belgium.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

Authors report samples were collected between 2015-2016.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

The authors report that they collected 24 hr composite samples with sampling intervals of 10 minutes over
a two day period at 4 different wastewater plants. The total number of samples is assumed to be 8 and no
replicate samples are mentioned.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

There is not much information overall about exposure to TCEP in the population studied or a control group

with varying levels of exposure to TCEP.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The authors do not report a standard deviation. The frequency of detection for TCEP was also not reported.

Medium	The authors detailed procedures for recoveries and stability of the biomarkers. The authors reported that there

were some cases of TCEP being measured in procedural blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Low	The authors do not report a standard deviation. They do include a discussion around the limitations of the

study, as they only measured on two days, and the potential for the concentration of TCEP in wastewater to be
from non-human sources such as consumer products.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 161 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4530235

Study Citation:	Scott, B. F., Sverko, E., Maguire, R. J. (1996). Determination of benzothiazole and alkylphosphates in water samples from the Great Lakes drainage

basin by gas chromatography/atomic emission detection. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada31:341-360.

HERO ID:	4530235

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low

Low
N/A

Very limited discussion on sampling methodology. Study cites other papers for sampling methodology of
archived samples.

Detection limits were not reported, but the analytical procedures were outlined.

The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in the Great Lakes
Samples were collected in 1994.

Uncertain if replicate sampling or analysis was conducted. At least 43 samples were collected per site.

Surface water sampling is pertinent to general population exposure but potential sources of exposure was not
well characterized

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data is not reported. Table 2 has summary stats for each site.
The QA/QC does not report recovery or LOD.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No standard deviation or measure of variance is provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 162 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4550202

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Yadav, I. C., Devi, N. L., Li, J., Zhang, G. (2018). Organophosphate ester flame retardants in Nepalese soil: Spatial distribution, source apportionment

and air-soil exchange assessment. Chemosphere 190:114-123.

4550202

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Methods were briefly discussed. Details about sampling location and collection procedure were discussed in a

referenced paper (Yadav et al., 2017b).

Medium	Analytical methods were described in detail. Range of method detection limit (0.51-17.1 ng/g) was given but

individual MDLs for each compound weren't reported.

N/A	The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Nepal.

Medium	Sampling occurred in 2014.

Medium	There was no indication of replicate sampling.

Medium	Sampling of Nepalese soil is not directly pertinent to exposures to the US general population.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	No raw data was reported.

High	QA/QC was discussed and included blanks, recoveries, and method detection limits, although MDL was only

given as a range and not reported for individual compounds.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Potential sources of variability was discussed, but there was limited discussion of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 163 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4574307

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

He, M. J., Lu, J. F., Ma, J. Y., Wang, H., Du, X. F. (2018). Organophosphate esters and phthalate esters in human hair from rural and urban areas,
Chongqing, China: Concentrations, composition profiles and sources in comparison to street dust. Environmental Pollution 237:143-153.

4574307

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology was detailed in terms of equipment, procedures, sample storage conditions, study site

characteristics for hair and dust. Insufficient information was provided on sample storage duration prior to
analysis.

High	Analytical methodology was described in terms of extraction and recovery range and referenced in terms of

analytical instrumentation details within previous study and SI. LOD/LOQ information was presented within
SI.

N/A	The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Chongqing, China.

Sampling was conducted in 2014 for hair and dust.

There was a large sample size for rural (n=154) and urban (n=43) hair samples, but single sampling for each
participant and non-statistical sampling methods. There was a moderate sample size for rural (n=6) and urban
(n=6) dust samples and authors note replicate (three sub-samples) sampling, but location of dust sampling
within the residence was not described within text and non-statistical sampling methodology.

Participant occupations noted as including government officers, salesmen, students and retired people in urban
areas, with agricultural work as the primary occupation of rural participants.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics reported in terms of range, mean (SD), median, number of samples, urban/rural location

and detection frequencies. Insufficient information was provided on raw data for individual participants.
High	Study QA/QC details within text included laboratory control/blanks, recoveries, and blank-correction of lab

results with further information within SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Range of chemical-specific concentrations was reported, and results were compared with previous work. Poten-

tial sources of exposure for sampling media, and limitations in terms of the exogenous and endogenous source
exposures for hair analysis due to unwashed hair sampling and limited sample size for dust sampling was dis-
cussed. Authors acknowledge lack of gender analysis due to limited number of female participants, but do not
discuss this in relation to concentrations related to personal care products in this study, or other potential study
limitations (e.g., possible data gaps).

Overall Quality Determination

High

Page 164 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4659643

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Okeme, J. O., Yang, C., Abdollahi, A., Dhal, S., Harris, S. A., Jantunen, L. M., Tsirlin, D., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Passive air sampling of flame
retardants and plasticizers in Canadian homes using PDMS, XAD-coated PDMS and PUF samplers. Environmental Pollution 239:109-117.

4659643

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The study reports home air sampling and the sample storage.

Low	The analytical procedures were outlined. Section 2.5 discusses how LOD and LOQ are calculated but no values

provided.

N/A	The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in greater Toronto area and Ottawa, Canada.

High	Samples were collected in February and August 2015.

High	Samples were collected in 32 homes in the Toronto area and 19 in Ottawa (homes included apartments, de-

tached homes, semi-detached homes, townhouses and condos); sampled for 3 weeks; duplicate and field blanks
were collected.

Medium	The study focused on home sampling; 5 apartments, 34 detached homes, 7 semi-detached; 3 townhouses and 2

condos; number of residents ranged from 1 to 7.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data is not reported. Section 3.3 reported concentrations (min, max, median, mean, SD) and DF provided

in Table S3d.

Medium	QA/QC reported in Section 2.5; recovery was corrected for individual compounds.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limitations are not reported, variability reported as SD, and comparison between other studies.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 165 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4728476

Study Citation:	Kishi, R., Ketema, R. M., Bamai, Y. A., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Saito, I., Yoshioka, E., Saito, T. (2018). Indoor environmental pollutants and

their association with sick house syndrome among adults and children in elementary school. Building and Environment 136:293-301.

HERO ID:	4728476

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

The sampling methodology is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with widely accepted methods/
approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed. The references for the full sampling description are
provided.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. LOD is reported. The previous studies are referred for analysis method.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The study is testing for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Sapporo, Japan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

The samples were collected in October and November of 2009 and 2010.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

There were 128 samples and no replicates.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Indoor air exposure were measured in the residential house.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Full Raw data are not reported. Only summary statistics were reported.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Quality assurance procedures in sample collection and analysis were reported with most key criteria met.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limitations are well described but variability and uncertainty are not well discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 166 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4728480

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

He, R. W., Li, Y. Z., Xiang, P., Li, C., Cui, X. Y., Ma, L. Q. (2018). Impact of particle size on distribution and human exposure of flame retardants in

indoor dust. Environmental Research 162:166-172.

4728480

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

The study was missing some information on sampling equipment and procedures (e.g., the study reported
some dust samples were "collected from air conditioner (AC) filters," but didn't describe how). Sample storage
duration was not reported.

The study reported a range LODs for the tested organophosphate flame retardants but did not report individual
LODs.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected from indoor environments in Nanjing, China.

Low	No sampling date is provided, but a publication date is available.

Medium	Indoor dust samples were collected from more than 100 car interiors and 26 indoor environments (e.g., offices,

a hotel, a supermarket, etc.). Triplicate samples of each dust were extracted, but it appears that only one sample
per site was collected. Dust samples were sieved into 6 fractions.

Medium	The study does not report information on potential chemical use in the indoor settings that were sampled.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	The main study and SI did not report individual data points and are missing some summary statistics. Mean

concentrations are reported in supplemental materials.

High	The study indicated that all glassware used during sample extraction was washed and heated. Method, proce-

dural, and solvent blanks were included. The study reported that TCEP was detected in procedural blanks, and
that this was "accounted for during data analysis." Recovery efficiency was reported, and was >90% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There is no discussion of uncertainties, limitations, data gaps. There is study in the variation of different dust
sizes.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 167 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4731349

Study Citation:	Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J. (2001). Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment-an inter-laboratory

exposure study. Indoor Air 11:145-149.

HERO ID:	4731349

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A

House dust, indoor air, and building materials samples were collected. Missing information on sampling
methodologies included: sample storage conditions and duration, and study sample site characteristics. In-
door dust sampling location(s) were not specified. The number of building material samples analyzed was not
reported.

This is an inter-laboratory study (3 participating labs), but an outline of the analytical methods used to analyze
dust samples at only one of the laboratories was provided. A brief description of analytical methods for indoor
air samples was also reported. LODs for indoor air and dust analyses were reported. No analytical methods
details were provided for building materials samples.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected from homes in western Germany.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

The sampling period is not reported, but a publication date is available.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Medium

It's unclear whether replicate samples were included even though 983 samples were analyzed.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The study doesn't include information on TCEP use in the sampled homes, and only minimally characterizes

the sample sites. The study indicates that most of the dust samples tested were from clients who were referred
to the laboratories because of health complaints, and it's unclear how/whether this affects the representativeness
of the samples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Low

Individual data points were not reported. Means were reported, but measures of variance were not reported. SD
values were not specified. Raw data or supplementary data are not provided.

The study reports that analyses were performed to ensure good correspondence between the three participat-
ing laboratories. Control analyses were performed to address potential contamination of samples by vacuum
cleaners and filter bags. Also, for indoor air measurements, control analysis of the cartridges were performed to
ensure no contamination. The study does not include information on other quality control measures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10; Variability and Uncertainty	Low	No measures of variance were reported, and there is no discussion of uncertainties, limitations, or data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 168 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4829235

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Ait Bamai, Y., Araki, A., Nomura, T., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Kobayashi, S., Miyashita, C., Takeda, M., Shimizu, H., Kishi, R. (2018). Association of

filaggrin gene mutations and childhood eczema and wheeze with phthalates and phosphorus flame retardants in house dust: The Hokkaido study on

Environment and Children's Health. Environment International 121:102-110.

4829235

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The authors report the microenvironment of the dust collection (living room floor), and the sampling equip-

ment. They also reported the storage conditions but not the storage duration.

Medium	The authors referred to another paper regarding the methods, but they reported the analytical method used and

instrumentation. The authors reported LOQ.

N/A	NA - Dust sample no biomarker needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Hokkaido Japan.

Medium	Samples were collected in 2013.

Medium	The study collected 888 house dust samples, however they did not collect replicate samples.

Medium	The exposure scenario is relevant.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The authors report the detection frequency, min, max, 25 and 75% . They also reported the number of samples

in the data set. No standard deviation was reported, nor individual concentrations.

Medium	The authors refer to another paper regarding their quality control and assurance methods.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

High

The authors address limitations of the study, variance was reported in terms of percentiles.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 169 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4829253

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Fan, G., Xie, J., Yoshino, H., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Li, N., Liu, J., Lv, Y., Zhu, S., Yanagi, U., Hasegawa, K., Kagi, N., Zhang, X., Liu, J. (2018). Common

SVOCs in house dust from urban dwellings with schoolchildren in six typical cities of China and associated non-dietary exposure and health risk

assessment. Environment International 120:431-442.

4829253

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Sampling methodology described in detail.

Medium	Analytical methods were described in detail. Detection limits reported. Missing some information such as

calibration.

N/A	Parent chemical measured in dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected from 6 Chinese cities - Shanghai, Beijing, Changsha, Wuhan, Dalian and Harbin.
Phase 2 (field measurements of indoor environment) conducted during 2013-2014.

68 dwellings sampled in winter and 59 in summer. No replicates were reported.

Dust sampled from apartment houses in urban area that include children.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Table 2 provides summary statistics including detection rate, max, average, min of chemical by winter and by
summer. Concentration statistics by city provided in SI. Individual points not reported.

QA/QC discussed in Section 2.5. Lab-introduced contamination was negligible. Does not discuss recovery.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Paper compared findings to previous studies and discusses variation in different seasons and cities as well as
limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 170 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4829473

Study Citation:	Zhang, H., Zhou, Q., Xie, Z., Zhou, Y., Tu, C., Fu, C., Mi, W., Ebinghaus, R., Christie, P., Luo, Y. (2018). Occurrences of organophosphorus esters

and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China. Science of the Total Environment 616-617:1505-1512.

HERO ID:	4829473

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Some methods not reported such as sample storage conditions. More information provided in other references
stated.

Key analytical methods reported, including extraction methods, analytical instrument, LOD provided in supple-
mentary file.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples collected in China.

Samples collected in 2015.

28 samples collected. No replicates mentioned.

Samples collected from the sand near the sea.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data not reported. Summary statistics such as mean, median, range reported.
Key QA reported. Procedural blanks and high recoveries reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Gaps and limitations not reported. Variation, such as SD, comparison to other studies, and spatial analysis
reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 171 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4829919

Study Citation:	Blum, K. M., Andersson, P. L., Ahrens, L., Wiberg, K., Haglund, P. (2018). Persistence, mobility and bioavailability of emerging organic contaminants

discharged from sewage treatment plants. Science of the Total Environment 612:1532-1542.

HERO ID:	4829919

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methodology described and preparation of samples detailed in SI.

Analytical methodology presented in detail. Both LOD and LOQ presented in Tables S8 and S9.

Parent chemical measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High

Medium
High

Samples collected from River Fyris, affected by STP in Uppsala municipality, Sweden.

Surface water collected in December 2014, March 2015, June 2015 and September 2015; effluent in November
2015; fish June 2014; sediment September 2015.

Fish (n=10) caught close to Site A nd B, surface waters from 4 different sites (A, B, C, and S), and catchment
area sampled over all four seasons. Replicate samples reported. Sediment sampled once.

Study sampled a river affected by small to large-scale sewage treatment plants.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Discussion of results in Section 3 with data presented in Figures 2 and 7 and Table 4. SI provided individual

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

QA/QC discussion in Section 2.8. Detailed recovery information provided in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability and uncertainty not reported in main text. Limited to samples taken during 1 month in each of the
four seasons. Integrative and grab samples results agreed well.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 172 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4832200

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Andresen, J. A., Grundmann, A., Bester,

Environment 332:155-166.

4832200

K. (2004). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticisers in surface waters. Science of the Total

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low	Sampling site described in detail but methodology details are lacking. No sampling description of sampling

equipment or handling.

Medium	Uncertain based on description if samples were analyzed on-site. GC-MS described and LOQ reported.

N/A	The parent chemical was tested in water.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The samples were collected in River Ruhr, Germany.

Low	The samples were collected in 2002.

Medium	>10 locations were sampled along River Ruhr but no replicates were sampled.

High	River Ruhr was characterized as drinking water source.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data not reported but can be extracted from figures.

Medium	QA/QC not explicitly discussed but field blank was analyzed and recovery was measured. Recovery for TCEP

was too variable with high standard deviations so measurements for TCEP were considered indicative and not
"true".

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability addressed but uncertainty not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 173 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4832201

Study Citation:	Barnes, K. K., Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Zaugg, S. D., Meyer, M. T., Barber, L. B. (2008). A national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other

organic wastewater contaminants in the United States-I) groundwater. Science of the Total Environment 402:192-200.

HERO ID:	4832201

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Wastewater sampling methods were described.

Analytical methods and approaches provided. Limits reported, and other Quality assurance/quality control
measures.

Wastewater samples were taken, no biomarker needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

The study was conducted in the United States.

The study was conducted in 2000.

There were 37 to 47 samples. There were no replicates of each sample. One sample was taken per location or
site.

Wastewater can be used related to the general population, environment, and animals exposure scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The study only reported maximum values.

Analytical quality assurance was sufficient, reporting levels were provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

While variability and uncertainty were discussed, only maximum values were provided there is no understand-
ing of distribution.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 174 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4839241

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Li, J., Yu, N., Zhang, B., Jin, L., Li, M., Hu, M., Zhang, X., Wei, S., Yu, H. (2014). Occurrence of organophosphate flame retardants in drinking water

from China. Water Research 54:53-61.

4839241

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low	Sampling sites were well described, however descriptions of sampling methodology, including method of

sampling and equipment description, are missing.

Medium	Detection limits listed however it was not described how they were determined.

N/A	Water sampling was taken thus it is not relevant.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Nanjing, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

The study was conducted in 2012.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

High

39 water samples were taken from 8 cities.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Drinking water and its potential source of contamination was, described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Low	No raw data was given. There were no tables of summary statistics. Concentrations were written in the text

with missing means presented but lacking any other summary stats.

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium	The recovery range was reported but not reported for individual chemicals.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium	There was limited discussion on their limitations.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 175 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4912133

Study Citation:	Buszka, P. M., Yeskis, D. J., Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Zaugg, S. D., Meyer, M. T. (2009). Waste-indicator and pharmaceutical compounds in

landfill-leachate-affected ground water near Elkhart, Indiana, 2000-2002. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 82:653-659.
HERO ID:	4912133

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Some sampling methodology parameters were missing such as sampler calibration and storage conditions.
Samples were "chilled" but did not provide temperature.

Some analytical methodology parameters were missing, such as calibration. Detailed methods were provided in
references listed by the study. LOD reported (Table 3).

Parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

High

The samples were collected in Elkhart, Indiana.

The samples were collected in 2000-2002.

Only 4 wells were sampled. No duplicates were collected.

The exposure scenario represented closely the environment of wells downgradient from a landfill.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
Low

Only individual data but no summary statistics were reported. Data reported in table 2.
The study reported low recoveries (<70% ). Field blanks were reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Comparison of results were made to other studies. No sample variability and key limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 176 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 4931691

Study Citation:	Greaves, A. K., Letcher, R. J. (2014). Comparative body compartment composition and in ovo transfer of organophosphate flame retardants in North

American Great Lakes herring gulls. Environmental Science and Technology 48:7942-7950.

HERO ID:	4931691

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology was briefly described, including the procedure and sample storage.
The analytical methods were described in detail, including recoveries and LOD.

The authors analyzed the presence of parent chemicals in animal tissues.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

Samples were collected in Canada.

Samples were collected during 2010.

n=8 herrings, and their eggs (n=16), without replicate samples.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to flame retardants in herrings that inhabit Lake
Huron, but the small sample size limits the results' generalizability.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (standard error). Uncertainties and limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 177 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5017003

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Moncltis, L., Lopez-Bejar, M., De la Puente, J., Covaci, A., laspers, V. L. B. (2018). First evaluation of the use of down feathers for monitoring
persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate ester flame retardants: A pilot study using nestlings of the endangered cinereous vulture (Aegypius
monachus). Environmental Pollution 238:413-420.

5017003

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Sampling methods and approaches reported. Materials and chemicals included.

High	Analytical methodology discussed. LOQ and average recoveries were reported in text.

N/A	Feathers defined as an ideal biomonitoring medium but this study tests differences in down and contour feath-

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

Low

Samples collected from Spain.

Samples collected in the breeding season of 2016.

Samples taken from 57 nestlings.

Feather samples are ideal environmental biomonitoring solutions but application to human exposure is not
discussed or immediately evident.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not presented but the summary statistics are detailed.
Analytical QA/QC was included.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Standard error is presented but study limitations are not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 178 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5017070

Study Citation:	Kurt-Karakus, P., Alegria, H., Birgul, A., Gungormus, E., Jantunen, L. (2018). Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air

and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkey. Science of the Total Environment 625:555-565.

HERO ID:	5017070

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Most sampling details, such as equipment, procedures, and site characteristics, were provided in the article and
supplemental file. However, storage conditions were missing.

Authors provided a detailed analytical methodology including analytical instrumentation and sample extrac-
tions. LOQ provided in supplemental information Table 2.

Studied tested for parent chemical in air and soil.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples collected in Bursa, Turkey

Samples collected between February and December 2014.

There were 8 sampling sites. No replicates were reported.

Air and soil samples collected in urban, suburban, industrial, rural, and background environments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data and summary statistics available for air samples but not soil.
Robust discussion of QA/QC, including acceptable recovery percentages.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some characterization of variability and limited discussion of uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 179 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5017615

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone rubber) brooch

as a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 208:1002-1007.

5017615

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

Medium	Personal air sampling methodology described within text as incorporating passive polydimethylsiloxane brooch

samplers worn within breathing zone of participants, samples stored in air tight glass jars and frozen pending
analysis, extensive calibration study of passive samplers compared with active sampling pumps conducted prior
to field study described with field study conducted on participants instructed to stay indoors unless going to/
from work. Insufficient information on sample storage time prior to analysis. Sampling methodology within
field study unclear as to distribution/collection times of passive samplers"it is unclear if passive sampling
brooches were collected daily or if single brooches were worn for seven consecutive days.

Medium	Extraction methods and analytical instrumentation as GC-MS/ENCI described with data on detection limits

and recovery samples described within SI and noted to have met criteria from previous references (Saini et al.,
2015; Okeme et al., 2016b). Insufficient information on instrument calibration, although this information may
be provided within SI.

N/A	Personal passive air sampling results with brooch and active sampling pump for parent chemicals of interest.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
High
Low

Medium

Samples were collected in Canada.

Sampling conducted in winter of 2016.

Field study consisted of three volunteers wearing badges for seven days with unclear methodology description
of when/if passive sampling brooches were retrieved and replaced daily or if a single brooch was worn for
24 hours during seven day period. No duplicate/replicate sampling conducted, however 24-hour sampling
conducted.

Participants are office workers who were instructed to remain indoors (work/home) for the period of study
other than transportation to/from work.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	Raw data in terms of passive personal brooch sampling results for each participant reported within Table 1,

with additional data from calibration in SI. Insufficient information on exact sampling dates, although sampling
reported as conducted during "winter of 2016". Insufficient information on summary statistics as only single
brooch concentrations, without range, number of brooches, etc. provided. Frequency of detection information
described as detailed within SI.

Medium	Recovery and QC data described as detailed within SI (S3). Results described as blank and recovery corrected

as appropriate. Pre-exposure sampling not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low	Insufficient information on variability characterization as no range or SD information provided for sampling

results. Limitations of small sample size (n=3 participants for field study) as well as lack of individual activity
data noted. Some uncertainty with effects of humidity on passive sampling brooch while left within bathroom
during shower/bathing activities not noted by authors.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 180 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5039996

Study Citation:	Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Lu, S., Kang, L., Luo, X., Liu, G., Cui, X., Yu, Y. (2019). Organophosphate ester and phthalate ester metabolites in urine from

primiparas in Shenzhen, China: Implications for health risks. Environmental Pollution 247:944-952.

HERO ID:	5039996

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
High

Sampling methodology is adequately described.

LOQ is not stated in the main article, but is reportedly provided in the supplemental materials for this article.
The study evaluates BCEP in urine samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Participants were recruited in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital (China).

Samples were collected between September 2013 and June 2015.

Samples collected from 84 Primiparas but no replicates. First-morning voids were collected as opposed to 24-
hr sampling.

The data represent the population of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics were detailed and complete but individual data points and measures of variance were not
reported.

Recoveries were measured, and blanks were analyzed. Glassware was cleaned and heated to minimize back-
ground contamination. The study reported that trace levels of BCEP were detected in the procedural blanks,
and were subtracted to determine the final concentrations in urine samples. Results were normalized by specific
gravity.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No measure of variance is reported. The study briefly discussed its primary limitation (small sample size).

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 181 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5043334

Study Citation:	Cao, D., Lv, K., Gao, W., Fu, J., Wu, J., Fu, J., Wang, Y., Jiang, G. (2019). Presence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame

retardants (OPEs) in indoor dust and air in Beijing, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 169:383-391.

HERO ID:	5043334

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling procedure was described and further details were reported to be included in a previous study. Sam-
pling storage(-20°C in aluminum foil) was described.

LC-MS/MS was used for analysis. MDLs were reported in the SI.

Parent chemical was measured in environment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

Samples were collected in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected in 2015.

Indoor dust samples (n=101), indoor air samples (n=15), andthree paired dust samples from air filters were
collected.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenario: sources of exposure and temporal variability were
explored. Also, dose intake were estimated based on the measurements.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data points were not provided in the main article or SI. Summary statistics including mean, min,
median, and max were provided in Table 1.

The study reported quality control measures in the SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps have been identified. Variability in toddlers and adults, season
studied."

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 182 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 5043338

Study Citation:	VeMzquez-G6mez, M., Hurtado-Ferndndez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the Barcelona

urban area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.

HERO ID:	5043338

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Medium
N/A

Dust sampling methods were included and described (Vel"zquez-G"mez et al., 2018). Sample collection was
performed by gently collecting the accumulation of the settled dust. In houses, cars and in the public places
where we had access, the samples were collected by scientific staff with a Bosch BKS4 (14.4 V) vacuum
cleaner.

GC-EI-MS/MS analysis. All QA/QC measures reported except reporting limits were not reported in the text.
They did not test for biomarkers; tested for parent chemicals in dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples collected in Spain.

Sampling date was not reported, but publication date is available, 2019.

Authors did not collect replicate samples.

Table 1 presents sample site characteristics, but does not include indoor characteristics such as air flow.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Authors did not calculate standard deviation or other measure of variation (besides IQR).
QA/QC techniques were discussed, but authors did not report sample recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Authors provided limited discussion on key data uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 183 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5043402

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Qi, C„ Yu, G., Zhong, M„ Peng, G„ Huang, J., Wang, B. (2019).

China. Chemosphere 218:836-844.

5043402

Organophosphate flame retardants in leachates from six municipal landfills across

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Details of sampling from 6 landfill leachate sites across China are provided including sample method, sample
storage, matrix details. Additional information is provided in Table S2. However, no information provided on
sampling equipment and procedure.

Sample extraction, analytical equipment, and operating conditions well described. Additional details are pro-
vided in Table S3 and S4 (e.g., LOD/LOQ). Referenced previously published protocol as well.

Study tested parent chemicals in landfill leachates.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

6 landfill sites in China. Details provided in text and in Table S2.

Samples collected in June, 2018.

Raw and final leachates collected from 6 sites in triplicates.

Extensive discussion of characteristics of the landfill sites and relation to the aquatic environment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

The detection frequency, range, mean and median are provided in Table 1. The raw data are not provided.

Extensive discussion of quality assurance and quality control. Additional details provided in Table S4 (e.g.,
recoveries).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of variability and uncertainty. Comparisons with other studies provided.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 184 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5043433

Study Citation:	Fabiariska, M. J., Kozielska, B., Konieczynski, J., Bielaczyc, P. (2019). Occurrence of organic phosphates in particulate matter of the vehicle exhausts

and outdoor environment - A case study. Environmental Pollution 244:351-360.

HERO ID:	5043433

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods and approaches reported.
Analytical methods provided and described.
Chemical measured in soil, and vehicle exhaust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Poland.

Sampling date not provided, publication date 2019.

More than 10 types of each type of vehicle, but only sampled each vehicle once. No replicates reported.
Vehicle exhaust and outdoor/ambient air, although it might not be directly applied to US scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Table 3 contains raw data.

Brief description of QA/QC techniques found in main text and supplemental text.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Uncertainties and variability explained, but more research is needed to confirm assumptions.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 185 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5043520

Study Citation:	Tan, H., Chen, D., Peng, C., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Li, X., Du, R., Wang, B., Guo, Y., Zeng, E. Y. (2018). Novel and Traditional Organophosphate Esters in

House Dust from South China: Association with Hand Wipes and Exposure Estimation. Environmental Science and Technology 52:11017-11026.
HERO ID:	5043520

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling method procedures, equipment, storage, and description of sampling site were described in detail.
SPE with HPLC was implemented to extract and analyze the samples. LOQ was reported.

The study is testing for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples collected in Guangzhou, China.

Samples collected between September 2015 to July 2016.

51 samples for dust and adults' hand wipe, 31 samples for children's hand wipe. No replicates were reported.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenario (indoor dust and hand wipes both reflect relevant expo-
sure).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data points were not provided in the main article or SI. Summary statistics were reported sufficiently.
Quality assurance measures were discussed in the main article briefly and in the SI in more details. No major
concerns were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps have been identified."

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 186 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5079822

Study Citation:	Park, H., Choo, G., Kim, H., Oh, J. E. (2018). Evaluation of the current contamination status of PFASs and OPFRs in South Korean tap water associated

with its origin. Science of the Total Environment 634:1505-1512.

HERO ID:	5079822

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology for river, lake/reservoir and tap water samples was described, however duration of
sample storage prior to analysis was not detailed for tap water samples and storage conditions, duration of
sample storage was not detailed for river and lake/reservoir samples.

Analytical methodology was described, recoveries were listed within the text and MDLs were reported as a
range.

Sampling was conducted within environmental media for the chemicals of interest.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High

High
Medium

High

Sampling was conducted in major metropolitan cities of South Korea, including Seoul, Incheon, Suwon, Dae-
jeon, Gwangju,, Daegu, Andong, and Busan.

Data was collected in 2017.

A total of n=20 river water, n=24 lake/reservoir water, and n=44 tap water samples were obtained. Sampling
areas were selected to represent four representative watershed areas in Korea. Replicate sampling was not
described.

Exposure scenarios were described as the lake/reservoir water was managed within a protected area and had
no direct infput of wastewater. Drinking tap water was described as having potential sources of pollution from
nearby industrial facilities. Exposure controls were not utilized and microclimate information was lacking.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Raw data was reported in Supplemental Table SI. Table 1 presented summary statistics in terms of means,
medians, standard deviations, minimums and maximums, as well as detection frequencies. The number of
samples for each media was reported in the text.

Quality assurance procedures were presented in detail. Baseline, pre-exposure sampling was lacking.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Results were compared with previous studies, however a robust discussion of potential study limitations is
lacking. Variability of concentrations by sampling location is reported in Table SI.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 187 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5083520

Study Citation:	Sha, B., Dahlberg, A. K., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L. (2018). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus

flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments. Environmental

Pollution 241:319-330.

HERO ID:	5083520

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

Medium
Low

N/A

Sampling site was described in detail. Sampler handling and storage after sampling and before analysis were
not explained.

Extraction methods were briefly explained but point to another paper. In the QA/QC section of the paper, the
author stated the extraction method has not been used previously for the compounds of interest and is evident
that methods need to be revised based on low recovery.

Chemicals were measured in indoor air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High
High
Medium

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Samples were collected in September and November 2016.

Replicate samples appeard to be only collected from one of the buildings. "Three pairs of duplicate samples
were collectedin the computer room (CR) in B2, the lecture room (LR3) in B3 andthe dining area (DAI) in
Bl."

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Samples were collected from "three buildings located at the Ultuna campus of the Swedish University of Agri-
cultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden".

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Individual data points were not reported. Summary statistics including arithmetic mean and range for concen-
trations were reported in Table 1.

Section 2.7 QA/QC. Replicate sampling was limited to three sample and result of one duplicate sample showed
a relative standard deviation of 100% between the two TCEP measurements. Low recoveries were also reported
but not used to correct quantitative data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited discussion of limitations were presented in section 3.5 and potential factors affecting the concentra-
tions were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 188 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162697

Study Citation:	Sun, Y., Liu, L. Y., Sverko, E., Li, Y. F., Li, H. L., Huo, C. Y., Ma, W. L., Song, W. W., Zhang, Z. F. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in

college dormitory dust of northern Chinese cities: Occurrence, human exposure and risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment 665:731-738.
HERO ID:	5162697

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methodology briefly described in text, citing a previous study. Further details in SI.
Analytical methods described with further details in SI. LOQs reported in SI.

Parent chemical in dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples from Northern China.

Samples collected in 2014.

>10 samples collected but no replicate sampling.

Indoor air sampled for various building uses.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Summary statistics provided including median, mean and 95th percentile. No raw data provided.
Recovery ranges listed but recovery for individual chemicals not reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of variability. No gaps or limitations reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 189 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162720

Study Citation:	Meyer, J., Bester, K. (2004). Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticisers in wastewater treatment plants, lournal of Environmental Monitoring

6:599-605.

HERO ID:	5162720

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling process and rationale were described, including sampling materials, storage, and collection of 24-hr
samples.

Analytical instrumentation and description of analytical settings were provided. LOD, recovery and other QA
steps were provided in Table 1.

Analytes were measured in water samples; no biomarker was needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Medium

The samples were collected in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.

The samples were collected in 2003.

Four types of water samples (unclear how many replicates or if there were replicates) were collected.

The study represented exposure scenario for surface water for two sewage treatment plants and processes
within the plant: aeration basin, intermediate settling tank, final setting tank, and primary settling tank. This
might not be representative of all plants and their processes.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 provided summary stats for various plant process water.

The study provided some steps that were important for QA and QC like spikes for recoveries. Field blanks and
other analytical blanks were not mentioned.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Elimination of organophosphates in each treatment stage was discussed but some of the variability and uncer-
tainty limitations were not sufficiently supported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 190 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162769

Study Citation:	Greaves, A. K., Letcher, R. J., Chen, D., Mcgoldrick, D. J., Gauthier, L. T., Backus, S. M. (2016). Retrospective analysis of organophosphate flame

retardants in herring gull eggs and relation to the aquatic food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Environmental Research 150:255-
263.

HERO ID:	5162769

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

Sampling methodology was provided, including sampling procedure, location (map of samples), and storage.
Samples were analyzed using LC/MS; only a range of MLOQs was provided.

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

The samples were collected in Laurentian Great Lakes of North America.

Samples were collected from 2010 and earlier.

Sample sizes varied between species (n= 1 to 16).

The exposure scenario closely reflected the environment at the Great Lakes and the species that were affected.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual results were available in the supplemental tables.

Although the study included all necessary information, LOQs were reported in range rather than per chemical.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study discussed variability but some of the conclusions would require more research to confirm.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 191 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162898

Study Citation:	Khairy, M. A., Lohmann, R. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in the indoor and outdoor dust and gas-phase of Alexandria, Egypt. Chemo-

sphere 220:275-285.

HERO ID:	5162898

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	High	Detailed description of the study area, sampling, extraction and cleanup, instrumental analysis were provided in

supplementary information.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High	Analytical methodology was described GC-MS/MS was used. LODs were reported in supplementary informa-

tion.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Analytes were collected in dust samples. No biomarker was needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected from Alexandria in Egypt.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in the winter of 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Indoor dust was collected 1 m above the floor from the living (working) areas in apartments (n = 16) and work-
ing places (n = 14). FD was collected from selected homes (n = 9). For cars, dust (n = 18) was collected from
all the available surfaces. Outdoor dust samples (n = 30) from the same locations as the indoor samples

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The exposure scenario closely represented the indoor and outdoor environment for those who might come into

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics including range, mean, median were reported in the supple-

mentary material.

High	Sampling and analytical QC samples were clearly described in text and supplemental material.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Description of uncertainty and variability was limited, but performed ANOVA and statistical analysis was
described.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 192 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162899

Study Citation:	Niu, Z., Zhang, Z., Li, J., He, J., Zhang, Y. (2019). Threats of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface water to ecological system in Haihe River of

China based on species sensitivity distribution model and assessment factor model. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26:10854-10866.
HERO ID:	5162899

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling procedure and site characteristics well described.

Analytical methodology well described. LODs reported in supplementary file.

Parent chemical in surface water.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples collected from Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River, China.

Samples collected in November 2017.

Twenty-eight water samples and 3 water samples were gathered from Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River
during winter.

Measured concentration in surface water. Setting and potential sources well characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Some summary statistics provided in the text. Raw data not reported.
QA provided including blanks and recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Extensive discussion of uncertainty and data gaps, but minimal characterization of variability.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 193 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5162922

Study Citation:	Hallanger, I. G., Sagerup, K., Evenset, A., Kovacs, K. M., Leonards, P., Fuglei, E., Routti, H., Aars, J., Str0m, H., Lydersen, C., Gabrielsen, G. W.

(2015). Organophosphorous flame retardants in biota from Svalbard, Norway. Marine Pollution Bulletin 101:442-447.

HERO ID:	5162922

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

The sampling methodology is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with widely accepted methods/
approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed.

LODs were defined as 3 times the signal to noise ratio. Values were provided in table 1 when appropriate.
The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Svalbard, Norway.

Samples were collected from 2007 to 2010.

10 samples were taken per endpoint.

The study evaluates the exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants in biota.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data are not reported but the summary data are detailed.

LOD is reported, recovery was used to correct the concentration and the blank was analyzed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study characterizes variability, key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps. LOD and SD are reported.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 194 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163169

Study Citation:	Zhong, M., Tang, J., Mi, L., Li, F., Wang, R., Huang, G., Wu, H. (2017). Occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and

plasticizers in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 121:331-338.

HERO ID:	5163169

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Described, mapped, but details of sampling cruise reported elsewhere. No information about sampling regime
or storage conditions

GC/MS; described calibration curves (8 levels) in report; sample pretreatment described (LOQ and other
details provided in in Supporting information). Extraction methods followed previously published procedure.

Study tested for parent chemical in seawater.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected from Bohai and Yellow Seas in China; Figure 2 shows sampling locations.

Samples were collected in 2015.

50 sampling sites in the two seas; temporal variability not examined. No replicates.

Studied measured chemical concentrations in saltwater, which has implications for exposure in marine biota.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Geometric mean, maximum, and % freq detection provided; isopleths of concentration ranges at surface and
bottom waters provided in Figure 3, panels B1-B2. Raw data in Table S4 of SI.

Described, deuterated surrogates included, with additional details on recoveries, blanks, MDL and LOD avail-
able in the SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Spatial variation mapped. Uncertainty examined by exploring gradients with distance from shore, depth, and
coastal flow patterns. Limited discussion about data gaps and limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 195 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163218

Study Citation:	Liu, X., Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wang, B., Huang, J., Deng, S., Wang, Y. (2017). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants on skin wipes: Insight into

human exposure from dermal absorption. Environment International 98:113-119.

HERO ID:	5163218

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling equipment, procedure, storage was reported.

Extraction was described (ultrasonic with n-hexane/acetone). GC-MS was used for sample analysis. MDL was
reported in the SI.

The authors analyzed hand wipe samples, not biomarkers.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

Samples were collected in Beijing, China.

September to December 2015, and March to May 2016.

36 individuals were selected to provide hand wipe samples. 22 individuals were selected to provide both their
hand wipe and dust sample from their offices.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenario (indoor dust, hand wipe).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual data points were not reported in the main article or SI.

No quality control issues were identified or any identified issues were minor and adequately addressed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps."

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 196 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163353

Study Citation:	Wang, Y., Sun, H., Zhu, H., Yao, Y., Chen, H., Ren, C., Wu, F., Kannan, K. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants

(OPFRs) in soil and outdoor settled dust from a multi-waste recycling area in China. Science of the Total Environment 625:1056-1064.

HERO ID:	5163353

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sample storage after collection was not described. Preparation of sample collection instrumentation not dis-
cussed.

MDL and recoveries were reported in the SI.

Parent chemical was measured in soil and dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Tianjin, China.

No sampling date was provided but the referenced was published in 2018.
No indication of replicate analysis.

Potential source of exposure characterized and relevant to waste sites

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Raw data was available in the SI.

No indication if data was corrected with recovery percentages

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Data variability is presented but limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 197 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163356

Study Citation:	Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Wei, L., Sun, R., Guo, H., Liu, X., Liu, S., Li, Y., Mai, B. (2018). The distribution and accumulation of phosphate flame

retardants (PFRs) in water environment. Science of the Total Environment 630:164-170.

HERO ID:	5163356

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods provided, storage and materials used included.

LOQs are available in Table S3.

Parent chemical measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

Sampling date not stated. Publication date is 2018.

Water, sediments and suspended particulate matter have 11 samples. Fish are 2 to 6 of each type for a total of
26 fish samples

Parent chemical in fish, sediments, and water.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual sample results are not available, mean and range are available on Table 1.
Analytical QA/QC were reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability and uncertainty were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 198 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163370

Study Citation:	Zhong, M., Wu, H., Mi, W., Li, F., Ji, C., Ebinghaus, R., Tang, J., Xie, Z. (2018). Occurrences and distribution characteristics of organophosphate ester

flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Science of the Total Environment 615:1305-1311.

HERO ID:	5163370

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low
Low
N/A

Sampling method missing description of sampling procedures and materials used, sample storage described.
Field blanks were collected but not described or reported.

The analytical method described elsewhere (Ma et al., 2017). LODs or LOQs not reported. MDLs available in
supplemental. Blanks results reported, unclear if it was analytical blanks or field blanks.

Parent chemical measured in sediment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were taken from the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China.
Samples collected in September 2010.

49 surface sediment samples collected. No replicates reported.
Samples collected from two rivers in China.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Individual concentrations per site per chemical provided in supplemental, summary tables in paper.
Section 2.5 discusses quality control and assurance. No control samples reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited discussion on limitations/uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 199 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163441

Salamova, A., Peverly, A. A., Venier, M., Hites, R. A. (2016). Spatial and temporal trends of particle phase organophosphate ester concentrations in

the atmosphere of the great lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 50:13249-13255.

5163441

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Sampling methodology described including site characteristics, equipment, and procedures.

Low	Analytical methodology provided. No detection limits are reported.

N/A	Parent chemical in the atmosphere.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected from the North American Great Lakes.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples collected 2012 to 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

High

359 samples collected. Samples collected over 24 hours every 12 days.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Sampled ambient air in the Great Lakes.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Summary statistics such as percentiles provided. Raw data are not reported.

Medium	Recoveries were over 120% in the 2012 samples, which was corrected in the 2014 samples. Paper indicates

some standard recovery problems.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium	Limited discussion of uncertainties. SI provides correlation, seasonal variation in temporal trends section.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 200 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163442

Study Citation:	Zeng, X., Xu, L., Liu, J., Wu, Y., Yu, Z. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants/plasticizers and synthetic musks in

sediments from source water in the Pearl River Delta, China. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37:975-982.

HERO ID:	5163442

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling methodology briefly discussed, including sampling equipment, procedures, storage conditions, and
site characteristics.

Analytical methodology provided. LODs and LOQs listed in Table S2.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Sampling from the Pearl River in Southern China.

No sampling date provided, but article published 2018 (received 2017).

15 study locations (water sources for 9 cities) with a total of 15 sediment samples. No replicate samples.
Samples from a river that is a drinking water source for surrounding inhabitants, in developed, high-risk region.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Individual data points provided in Table 2. Summary statistics provided in text, including mean and range.
QA/QC provided, including blanks and spiked samples. Recovery not provided for this chemical.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of variation provided.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 201 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163584

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Phillips, A. L., Hammel, S. C., Hoffman, K., Lorenzo, A. M., Chen, A., Webster, T. F., Stapleton, H. M. (2018). Children's residential exposure to
organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers: Investigating exposure pathways in the TESIE study. Environment International 116:176-185.
5163584

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sample methodology was reasonably well-described. For the urine samples, the type of cups urine samples
were collected and stored in was not reported, but it was reported in other papers about the same data set in
which phthalate data was reported. The length of time the samples was stored prior to analysis was not speci-
fied, but once handed over to researchers, samples were stored at -20C (and before that they were stored by the
participants in their freezers). Urine samples were corrected for specific gravity. Methodology for collecting
hand wipe samples and house dust samples was well-described.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology was well-described for dust, urine, and hand wipe samples. They used standards and
calculated recoveries. The MDLs are in Table 1.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

TCEP was measured in hand wipes and dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in North Carolina, USA.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

Samples were collected in 2014-2016.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

There were no sample replicates. They sampled the hands of 202 children and obtained dust from 188 homes.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The researchers collected multiple types of samples and collected information via home visits and question-
naires to gather information about potential exposures to the toddlers sampled. These data would accurately
represent a relevant exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

No raw data were provided in this paper. Table 1 includes descriptive statistics: detection frequency, the 10th
and 90th percentiles, GM, and max detection.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA/QC was well-described. They reference field blanks for the hand wipe samples and laboratory blanks
for the dust and urine samples. They also used standards to improve accuracy. There were no baseline/pre-
exposure studies as the chemicals measured are fairly ubiquitous.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Section 3.7 provides a fairly thorough summary of limitations, including uncertainties, and strengths of this

study. Statistical tests were performed to assess relationships between different variables. However, data points
such as standard deviation would have provided more information about variability.

Overall Quality Determination

High

Page 202 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163600

Study Citation:	He, R., Li, Y., Xiang, P., Li, C., Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Cui, X., Ma, L. Q. (2016). Organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate esters in indoor dust

from different microenvironments: Bioaccessibility and risk assessment. Chemosphere 150:528-535.

HERO ID:	5163600

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling procedure, equipment, and sample storage details were reported. No calibration method was men-
tioned.

The analytical methods were described. LOD was reported for each analyte. Recovery samples was used.
The authors analyzed environmental samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Low

High

Samples were collected in Nanjing, China.

Sampling was conducted between January 2014 and March 2015.

n=33 samples in total. No replicate samples were mentioned.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenario related to flame retardants and phthalate esters in indoor
dust from indoor spaces in Nanjing, China.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Only summary statistics were reported. Individual data points were not reported in the main article or in the SI.
QA/QC techniques were described but only mentioned procedural blanks, not field blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (range). Uncertainties were briefly described.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 203 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163683

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ren, G., Chu, X., Zhang, J., Zheng, K., Zhou, X., Zeng, X., Yu, Z. (2019). Organophosphate esters in the water, sediments, surface soils, and tree bark

surrounding a manufacturing plant in north China. Environmental Pollution 246:374-380.

5163683

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methodology is generally appropriate, however, one or more pieces of sampling information is not

described. The missing information is unlikely to have a substantial impact on results.

Low	Analytical methodology is only briefly discussed. Analytical instrumentation is provided and consistent with

accepted analytical instrumentation/methods. However, most analytical information is missing and likely to
have a substantial impact on results. LOQ, LOD, detection limits, and/or reporting limits not reported.

N/A	Parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High	Geographic location is discussed.

Low	No sampling date is provided; publication date is 2018.

Medium	Sampling approach likely captures variability of environmental contamination in media of interest. Some un-

certainty exist, but it is unlikely to have a substantial impact on results. Moderate sample size and no replicate
samples.

Medium	The data likely represent the relevant exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Supplementary or raw data (i.e., individual data points) are not reported, and therefore summary statistics

cannot be reproduced.

Medium	The study applied and documented quality assurance/quality control measures; however, one or more pieces of

QA/QC information is not described. Missing information is unlikely to have a substantial impact on results.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited characterization of variability in the media studied.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 204 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163693

Study Citation:	Rantakokko, P., Kumar, E., Braber, J., Huang, T., Kiviranta, H., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C. (2019). Concentrations of brominated and phosphorous

flame retardants in Finnish house dust and insights into children's exposure. Chemosphere 223:99-107.

HERO ID:	5163693

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling methodology was described, but the procedure was not detailed and did not include sampling
storage conditions.

The analytical methods were described, including LOQ and mentioning recoveries without reporting values for
the compounds of interest.

The authors analyzed dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

High

The study took place in Finland.

The study was published in 2019.

This study reported n= 40 sampling sites, without replicates.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to TCEP in dust from children's bedrooms in
Kuopio, Finland.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

The authors only reported summary statistics (median, mean, max, LOQ).

QA/QC techniques were described by the authors, including the use of control samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was characterized (range). Uncertainties were discussed by the authors.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 205 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5163827

Study Citation:	Wong, F., De Wit, C. A., Newton, S. R. (2018). Concentrations and variability of organophosphate esters, halogenated flame retardants, and poly-

brominated diphenyl ethers in indoor and outdoor air in Stockholm, Sweden. Environmental Pollution 240:514-522.

HERO ID:	5163827

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

There is no description of how filters were handled after sampling and before being taken to lab for analysis.
The MDLs are provided in the supplementary data.

Air sampling is an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

The geographic location is Stockholm, Sweden.

Sampling ended in May of 2015.

24 urban air samples were collected over time, but there are no replicate samples.
Indoor and outdoor air exposures are relevant to general population exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

The raw data are provided in SI.

Recovery for TPhP was reported in SI to be 187% for PUF and 184 for GFF, but there was no correction in the
data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There is limited discussion of study limitations, particularly no addressing of high recovery rates that were not
used to correct results.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 206 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164207

Study Citation:	Ji, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, Y., Ren, C., Lan, Z., Fang, X., Zhang, K., Sun, W., Alder, A. C., Sun, H. (2019). Occurrence of organophosphate flame retardants

in farmland soils from Northern China: Primary source analysis and risk assessment. Environmental Pollution 247:832-838.

HERO ID:	5164207

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

N/A

Sampling methodology is discussed appropriately.

LOD or LOQ is not reported but the method detectedlimits (MDLs) and recovery is discussed. Blank was
checked.

Chemical is measured in soil.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei core area, Northern China.
Samples were collected from September to November 2016.

98 soil samples were collected, but there were no replicates.

Exposure scenario is not for general population. The scenario is limited to farmers.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data for individual soil samples are not reported.

Some of recoveries are reported, <70% but blank-corrected.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was discussed but uncertainty and limitation was not clearly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 207 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164234

Study Citation:	Zhao, H., Zhao, F., Liu, J., Zhang, S., Mu, D., An, L., Wan, Y., Hu, J. (2018). Trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants in a lake food

web. Environmental Pollution 242:1887-1893.

HERO ID:	5164234

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Site characteristics, types and sample size of species analyzed, and storage conditions were described. How-
ever, insufficient details were provided for sampling equipment and procedures.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

LODs were reported in the supplementary text. Extraction methods and analytical instrumentation are de-
scribed in detail in both the text and SI.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The study tested for parent chemicals in freshwater.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The geographic location is Taihu Lake, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

The samples were collected in 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

6 samples were collected per species, except for carp that had 3 samples. No replicates were taken.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The study evaluated trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants in a lake food web. The lake is
heavily burdened by industrial and agricultural discharges.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data are not reported but summary statistics are detailed.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Pertinent information, such as recovery and blank-corrected values, were provided as part of method validation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variation is characterized, but there is limited discussion of uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 208 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164239

Study Citation:	Zheng, X., Xu, F., Luo, X., Mai, B., Covaci, A. (2016). Phosphate flame retardants and novel brominated flame retardants in home-produced eggs from

an e-waste recycling region in China. Chemosphere 150:545-550.

HERO ID:	5164239

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sample preparation and analysis methods were taken from another reference. Sample descriptions are found in
an alternate reference.

Analytical methodology was described and the LOQ are provided by chemical in table 1.

Researchers tested the parent chemical in eggs of free-range chickens.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The coordinates of the location are provided in section 2.1.Samples were collected in China.

Samples were collected July 2010.

Least sampled site had 8 samples, with each sample analysis being replicated three times.

This exposure scenario may be a good surrogate for human exposure through local gardens or just consumption
of the free range eggs.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

Only ranges and detection frequencies are provided. More data may be available in the supporting information.
Lab and field controls are presented along with recoveries and adequate field sample stability measures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Data ranges are presented and limitations are discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 209 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164308

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Santfn, G., Eljarrat, E., Barcel6, D. (2016). Simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in fish by liquid

chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1441:34-43.

5164308

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	This paper is primarily a methods development paper so sampling methods are very well documented for biota

fish sampling.

High	Instrumental and method LOD, LOQ, and recoveries are reported for each compound.

N/A	Fish samples were freeze dried (assuming whole) and homogenized but were not separated by blood, muscle,

fat, etc. Authors noted that larger samples contained more fat.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Fish samples were collected from the Llobregat River, Spain.

Low	The collection date was not specified in the text, but the acknowledgements section states support from "the

Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups "2014 SGR 418"Water and Soil Quality Unit")."
Therefore, the study is inferred to be no older than 2014.

Low	Only spiked samples were analyzed in triplicate. Real world samples were not identified to have been repli-

cated. A total of 12 fish samples were analyzed in a single space and time.

High	The sample fish used are commonly eaten and highly relevant to dietary exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	All data is presented in table 5, which only reports single concentration levels without summary statistic mea-

sures of variability. Summary data is not reported within text. Frequency of detection can be inferred from
Table 5 from the number of non-detects of each sample for each chemical.

High	Because this study primarily focused on method development QA/QC was very thorough and well docu-

mented.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Sample variability and limitation was not well discussed due to the focus of the paper.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 210 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164389

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Brommer, S., Harrad, S., Van Den Eede, N., Covaci, A. (2012). Concentrations of organophosphate esters and brominated flame retardants in German

indoor dust samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:2482-2487.

5164389

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

The sampling protocol used was not a publicly available standard operating procedure from a trusted or author-
itative source, but the sampling methodology is appropriate (i.e., scientifically sound). However, sample storage
duration is not reported, and while the study sites are generally reported, they are not described in detail. Dust
sample collection is described in page 2483.

The analytical method used was not a publicly available method from a trusted or authoritative source, but the
methodology is clear and appropriate (i.e., scientifically sound). Instrument calibration and recovery samples
were not discussed. Limit of quantification was reported in Table 1.

The study tested for the parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Germany.

Samples were collected between December 2010 and January 2011.

The collection of replicate samples was not reported. Samples were collected from 12 cars, 10 offices in the
same building, and 6 homes.

The data closely represent relevant/realistic exposure scenario (exposure to TCEP from indoor dust in Ger-
many).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics (mean, median, concentration range) were reported in Tables
1, SD1, and SD2.

The use of quality assurance/quality control techniques were described such as the use of a control sample,
a standard reference material standard, and laboratory blanks. However, the results were not discussed and
recovery samples was not reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps have been identified. Variability was reported as range.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 211 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164542

Study Citation:	Yin, H., Wu, D., You, J., Li, S., Deng, X., Luo, Y., Zheng, W. (2019). Occurrence, Distribution, and Exposure Risk of Organophosphate Esters in Street

Dust from Chengdu, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 76:617-629.

HERO ID:	5164542

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling protocol used was not a publicly available SOP from a trusted or authoritative source, but the
sampling methodology is clear, and appropriate. Sampling equipment, procedure, and storage were reported.
Both extraction and analysis methods were described (GC-MS). Recoveries were used. MDL was determined
for each OPE.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Chengdu, China.

Samples were collected in April 2014.

Samples were collected from 31 sites.

The data closely represent the relevant exposure scenario in the general population.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Summary statistics are detailed and complete.

The study applied quality assurance measures; recoveries were reported; background samples were used.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The article has very limited discussion of variability.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 212 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164613

Study Citation:	Wang, Y., Li, W., Martinez-Moral, M. P., Sun, H., Kannan, K. (2019). Metabolites of organophosphate esters in urine from the United States:

Concentrations, temporal variability, and exposure assessment. Environment International 122:213-221.

HERO ID:	5164613

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
High

The sampling methodology was described in detail, including storage conditions.

The analytical methods were described, including recoveries and LOD.

The analyzed metabolite (Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, BCEP) is closely related to the parent chemical

(TCEP).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

Samples were collected in NY, USA.

Samples were collected during 2018.

A total of 213 samples were collected, including replicates, from 19 individuals.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to TCEP metabolites in human urine.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported (percentiles, range, geometric mean, arithmetic mean).
QA/QC techniques were discussed, including the use of blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was characterized (percentiles, range). Uncertainties were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 213 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5164862

Study Citation:	Pang, L., Yuan, Y., He, H., Liang, K., Zhang, H., Zhao, J. (2016). Occurrence, distribution, and potential affecting factors of organophosphate flame

retardants in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in Henan Province, Central China. Chemosphere 152:245-251.

HERO ID:	5164862

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling details were provided including location, matrix characteristics, and storage. Additional details are
provided in Table SI.

Sample extraction, analytical equipment, and operating conditions were well described. Additional details are
provided in Table S2. Previously published protocols are also cited. Limits of detection are available in Table
S3.

The study tested for the parent chemical in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

The study was conducted in waste water treatment plants from 18 cities in Henan province, China.

Samples were collected in March 2015.

24 samples from waste water treatment plants in 18 cities. It appears that replicate samples are only available
for quality control and not actual sampling (Section 2.4).

There is characterization of the location, treatment techniques, discharge, and more details that will be impor-
tant for aquatic assessment. Details are available in text and Table SI.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data are provided. Only the raw data and means are provided with no reported measure of variance.

There is complete analysis and discussion of quality control measures. Additional information is provided in
Table S3. However, for TPP, recovery is <70% from spiked samples but >100% for matrix effect. The authors
noted that the recovery for spiked samples is acceptable though.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There is some characterization of variability in the text and in Figure Si's box and whisker plot. There is
limited discussion of uncertainties, data gaps, and limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 214 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165046

Study Citation:	Gibson, E. A., Stapleton, H. M., Calero, L., Holmes, D., Burke, K., Martinez, R., Cortes, B., Nematollahi, A., Evans, D., Anderson, K. A., Herbstman,

J. B. (2018). Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs. Chemosphere 219:567-573.

HERO ID:	5165046

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling matrix were described (urine and wristband samples). Specific sampling procedure for urine was
reported.

Extraction (solid-phase extraction) and analysis (LC-MS) were reported. MDL was calculated and reported.

TCEP Metabolites were not measured in the participants urine. The authors only measured TCEP in wrist-
bands.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples correspond to a birth cohort in New York.

Data was collected in 2015.

32 mother-child pairs were sampled. For urine samples, spot samples was collected. No replicate samples were
mentioned.

Sources of the exposure were not clear. But the data likely represent the exposure scenario related to TCEP.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Only summary statistics were reported. Individual data were not reported.
Recoveries and blanks were used. Samples were normalized by specific gravity.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (percentiles). Study limitations were briefly described.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 215 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165540

Study Citation:	Kim, J. W., Isobe, T., Sudaryanto, A., Malarvannan, G., Chang, K. H., Muto, M., Prudente, M., Tanabe, S. (2013). Organophosphorus flame retardants

in house dust from the Philippines: occurrence and assessment of human exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20:812-822.
HERO ID:	5165540

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Some criteria are not described, such as performance of the sampler. There are also poor matrix characteristics
and poor sample quality (the sample was not limited to the surface dust).

Calibration, recovery, level of detection, and correlation coefficient were reported. Blank analysis was per-
formed.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High

Medium
Medium

High

The study was conducted in Malate (a residential area) and Payatas (a municipal dumping area) in the Philip-
pines.

Data were collected in August, 2008.

Greater than 10 were collected samples but there are no replicates; house dust samples were collected (n=37).
The scenario was exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants in house dust.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data were provided.

The blank was analyzed. The method detection limit and recovery (>70% ) are reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No limitations were discussed and no standard deviation or variance was reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 216 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165673

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Zhang, T., Bai, X. Y„ Lu, S. Y„ Zhang, B„ Xie, L„ Zheng, H. C„ Jiang, Y. C„ Zhou, M. Z„ Zhou, Z. Q„ Song, S. M„ He, Y„ Gui, M. W„ Ouyang, J. P.,
Huang, H. B., Kannan, K. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants in China: Health risk from tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
(TCEP) exposure. Environment International 121:1363-1371.

5165673

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling procedure and equipment were not explained in details. Study population characters were clearly

explained.

High	LC-MS was used for analysis. LOQ was reported in the SI.

High	Metabolite (BCEP) biomarker derived from exposure to parent chemical of interest, likely reflects external

exposure.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:
Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The 13 cities included in this study were distributedacross the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Southwestern

China.

Low	Date of sampling was not provided. However, the publication year of 2018 is used as a proxy for sampling

year.

Medium	There were in total 323 urine samples. More than 20 samples were obtained at each sample location. However,

urine samples were all morning void samples.

Medium	Urinary specimen population was described in terms of demographic data of gender and age, with no other

information mentioned.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results
Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Supplementary or raw data are not reported, and therefore summary statistics cannot be reproduced."

Medium	Average recoveries were reported to be above 78% . Procedural and instrumental blanks were used. No mea-

sure was mentioned to assure biomarker stability or correction for completeness.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps."

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 217 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165777

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Lazarov, B., Swinnen, R., Spruyt, M., Maes, F., Van Campenhout, K., Goelen, E., Covaci, A., Stranger, M. (2015). Air sampling of flame retardants

based on the use of mixed-bed sorption tubes-a validation study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:18221-18229.

5165777

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

N/A

Air sampling methods are well-described.

The authors characterized variability and discussed uncertainties, focusing on the strengths and limitations of
the novel method they described. The authors indicated that the levels measured in indoor environments in
this study were comparable to those measured in two other studies and commented on potential sources of the
chemicals measured in the indoor environments.

Parent chemicals were measured in air.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Medium

This study took place in Belgium.

The study was published in 2015, but the time period over which it occurred was not specified.

Four indoor environments were sampled, in addition to two "test cells". There were two samples from a living

room analyzed by two different methods and an unspecified number of samples from an office, electronics

workshop, and kitchen (but the lack of a range reported suggests it was one sample from each of the latter

three).

This article is missing details about the population of interest and the specific items found in the electronics
workshop. It seems that all the indoor environments sampled were set up specifically for the experiment and
did not reflect real-life conditions.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	In the settings where two samples were collected, a value with a plus or minus range is listed. Data from the

other indoor environments shows only a single concentration measurement.

Medium	The study described quality assurance/quality control techniques and analyzed recoveries, repeatability (which

was <10% ), and control samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

High	The authors characterized variability and discussed uncertainties, focusing on the strengths and limitations of

the novel method they described. The authors indicated that the levels measured in indoor environments in
this study were comparable to those measured in two other studies and commented on potential sources of the
chemicals measured in the indoor environments.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 218 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165944

Study Citation:	Liu, R., Mabury, S. A. (2019). Organophosphite antioxidants in indoor dust represent an indirect source of organophosphate esters. Environmental

Science and Technology 53:1805-1811.

HERO ID:	5165944

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

There was no description of cotton pad handling after dust collection and before analysis.

Analytical methods were described and further details including method quantification limit were in the SI.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Toronto.

Samples were collected in April 2018.

Two samples were collected only in some homes but in no offices. The replicates were not paired to test for
precision of sampling/analysis.

Indoor dust samples are relevant to general population exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data was reported for 85 samples.

QA/QC methods were described and included recoveries, procedural blanks, and quantification limits.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was some discussion on variability and limited discussion on uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 219 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165945

Study Citation:	Wang, X., Zhong, W., Xiao, B., Liu, Q., Yang, L., Covaci, A., Zhu, L. (2019). Bioavailability and biomagnification of organophosphate esters in the

food web of Taihu Lake, China: Impacts of chemical properties and metabolism. Environment International 125:25-32.

HERO ID:	5165945

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Medium
N/A

Sampling (e.g., equipment, procedure, capture methods, storage conditions) was fully explained in SI. Number
of samples for each type of aquatic organism also provided.

The analytical method & recoveries were sufficiently described; detection limits shown in Table S4.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake, China.

Samples were collected in June 2016.

There were 3 sampling sites within Taihu Lake, with 3-200 samples per type of aquatic organism. No replicate
samples were collected.

Bioavailability and biomagnification in food web (water, sediment and aquatic organisms).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Detailed statistics were provided. Total concentrations by biota, water, and sediment were reported in SI.
Acceptable recoveries, laboratory blanks and validation were discussed. Q/A and Q/C procedures were de-
tailed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Standard deviation provided in Table S5. There was no discussion on limitations, uncertainties, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 220 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5165948

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Romanak, K. A., Wang, S., Stubbings, W. A., Hendryx, M., Venier, M., Salamova, A. (2019). Analysis of brominated and chlorinated flame retardants,

organophosphate esters, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in silicone wristbands used as personal passive samplers. Journal of Chromatography

A 1588:41-47.

5165948

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: B iomarker S election

Medium	Sampling equipment (black silicone wristband passive exposure monitors) and sampling procedures are de-

tailed within text, Figure one, and noted to be within the supplemental information section, Figure S1. Insuffi-
cient information within main text on sample storage duration prior to analysis, as well as calibration of passive
wristband samplers.

High	The extraction methodology, analytical instrumentation (GC/MS), chemical-specific limits of quantification,

recoveries (Table 1), and analytical instrument calibration curves are described within text and supplemental
information.

N/A	This is not applicable because the wristbands conducted passive sampling for parent chemicals.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The study was conducted in Bloomington, IN.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Insufficient information was available on the dates of sampling within the text, which may be within supple-
mental information along with procedures noted to be within Table SI.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

A total of ten participants, with seven participants wearing one wristband personal passive sampler for and
three participants wearing duplicates, two wristband personal passive samplers on different wrists for one
week. Duplicate sampling was averaged for each participant providing duplicate samples.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Data likely represents PECO-relevant, non-occupational exposures, however the occupations and activities of

participants while the wristbands were worn was not detailed. There was insufficient information on the use of
field blanks.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Concentrations and summary statistics for each chemical were reported within Table 2 as concentrations (ng)

were calculated from ng/g wristband, using average wristband weight. The raw data of ng/g wristband concen-
trations were not presented within the text but noted as within Table S4. Summary statistics of the calculated
concentration medians, and range for each chemical, number of samples, and chemical-specific detection fre-
quencies were provided. There was insufficient information regarding sampling locations, dates.

Medium	Information on acceptable recoveries, laboratory blanks and validation for quality assurance/quality control

procedures was detailed. There is insufficient information on use of field blank wristbands.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low	Median, minimum and maximum summary statistics are provided and validation of precision procedures is

detailed. The authors note that data is comparable to wristband personal passive sampling results of previous
studies and offer limited reasoning for higher OPE exposures noted within this study as due to presence of
older foam furniture in participants" homes. Key uncertainties and limitations on wristband passive personal
sampling are the effects on concentrations, and comparability of data with other studies of keeping wristband
on 24 hours/day, while bathing, as well as wristband detection of chemical concentrations within skin were not
discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 221 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166026

Study Citation:	Faiz, Y., Siddique, N., He, H., Sun, C., Waheed, S. (2018). Occurrence and profile of organophosphorus compounds in fine and coarse particulate

matter from two urban areas of China and Pakistan. Environmental Pollution 233:26-34.

HERO ID:	5166026

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium

N/A

Sampling methods were adequately described.

LOD and instrument LOD was described. A reference was provided for methodology and analytical instrumen-
tation.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

Medium

Samples were collected in China & Pakistan.

Samples were collected in summer of 2014 for the site in China and 2012 for the site in Pakistan.
There were 88 samples total; 52 from the Pakistan site and 36 from the China site.

Data represents exposure from urban/industrial pollution.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Table 2 reports summary stats.

QA/QC was described and reference to details was provided. SI contains blanks and other QC sample results.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was discussed in detail.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 222 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166285

Poma, G., Glynn, A., Malarvannan, G., Covaci, A., Darnerud, P. O. (2017). Dietary intake of phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) using Swedish food

market basket estimations. Food and Chemical Toxicology 100:1-7.

5166285

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Sample (food) collection and preparation was well described.

High	Analytical methods were adequately described, and LOQs were reported in SI.

N/A	Parent chemical measured in food.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Uppsala, Sweden.

Samples were collected in 2015.

There was no indication of replicate analysis.

Food and foodstuff exposure scenarios are applicable to the general population.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Both summary statistics (main paper) and raw data (SI) were provided.

Extraction efficiency was not reported for each individual chemical and therefore its use in correction of the
data is unclear. The reported mean recovery range of internal standard was between 53-71% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability and uncertainty were adequately discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 223 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166709

Study Citation:	Liu, X., Cao, Z., Yu, G., Wu, M., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Huang, J. (2018). Estimation of exposure to organic flame retardants via hand wipe,

surface wipe, and dust: Comparability of different assessment strategies. Environmental Science and Technology 52:9946-9953.

HERO ID:	5166709

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling methods and storage conditions are documented. Sieving was conducted.

Analytical methods are well described and limits of quantification are provided. Gas chromatography- mass
spectroscopy was in EI mode.

Wipe samples were taken thus no biomarker is needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Low

This study was conducted in Beijing, China.

Samples were collected in 2016.

Samples were collected from three different jobs for 20 to 25 people per job type. Samples were collected over
6 months in 2016. However, there were no replicates for a few individuals or all.

The scenarios may be considered occupational, but the jobs are in environments that the general population
would also likely be exposed, although for less time (e.g., taxi driver, security guard). Office workers were also
evaluated, but their samples were not analyzed for TCEP or TPP.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Medium, geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, detection frequency, and range were reported. No
point values were provided.

Wipe removal efficiency was 90% on first wipe. For TCEP, recoveries ranged from 52-112 for low level and
83-111 for high level. Most actual values appear to be closer to the high range. TCEP was detected in the field
blank, but samples were blank corrected when a higher contamination level was observed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Geometric standard deviation was provided. Uncertainty and limitations were discussed such as a small sample
size, the relationship between sample types, and factors such as hand washing.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 224 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166846

Study Citation:	Guo, J. H., Simon, K., Romanak, K., Bowerman, W., Venier, M. (2018). Accumulation of flame retardants in paired eggs and plasma of bald eagles.

Environmental Pollution 237:499-507.

HERO ID:	5166846

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

All pertinent sampling procedures are provided in both the article and supplemental information, including
references to other studies and collecting permits.

Analytical methods and instrumentation were described in the text. Table SI lists method the detection limits.
Study tested for parent chemical in eggs and plasma of bald eagles.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The study was based in Michigan, United States.

Samples were collected from 2000 to 2012.

Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 12, there were no replicates.

The study measured flame retardants in bald eagles.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

There was no raw data.

Quality assurance/quality control procedures, such as recoveries and blanks, were reported both in the paper
and supplemental information.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was no characterization of variance or discussion of limitations and uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 225 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166925

Study Citation:	Li, H., Harvey, E., Sheng, G., Liu, H., Fu, J., La Guardia, M. J., Peng, P., Hale, R. C., Mainor, T. M. (2019). Brominated and organophosphate flame

retardants along a sediment transect encompassing the Guiyu, China e-waste recycling zone. Science of the Total Environment 646:58-67.

HERO ID:	5166925

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

The authors reported information on the sampling equipment, procedures, sample storage and study site char-
acteristics.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

The authors referenced two other studies and only summarized their extraction methods. Authors reported their
analytical instrumentation, recovery results, and LOQ (Sec 2.3)

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The analyte was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The geographic area is described in the methods section.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples were collected in 2013.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Authors collected 29 samples along the mainsteam and tributary rivers. However, the samples were collected
over three days, n January 25 and 28 so there was little variation in time.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The authors characterized the types of point source pollution along the river.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data provided in SI. The data for TCEP is reported as a relative percentage in a figure (Figure 3), no
standard deviation, frequency of detection or summary statistics.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

The authors did not report collecting field blanks, but did analyze laboratory blanks and duplicates. They also
reported the results of recovery tests.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No standard deviation is reported in the main article. It may be reported in the supplemental information.
Limited discussion on study limitations

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 226 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5166974

Study Citation:	Carlsson, H., Nilsson, U., Becker, G., Ostman, C. (1997). Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the indoor environment: Analytical

methodology and occurrence. Environmental Science and Technology 31:2931-2936.

HERO ID:	5166974

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Stationary air sampling was performed with a personal sampler. The flow rate was set to 3.0 L/min and samples
were collected for 700 min, yielding a total air volume of 2.1 m3. Sampling at higher flow rates, at 17.5 L/min,
was also performed in order to examine (a) the distribution between the particulate and the semivolatile phase
and (b) how the result, in terms of total concentrations of organophosphates, was affected.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Gas Chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD), GC-AED (atomic emission detector), and
GC-MS (Mass Spectrometer Detector). Sample extraction was also described using a Soxhelet or ultrasonica-
tion to determine efficiencies. Internal standards were added. Missing blanks and LOD/LOQ was reported as
less than 5 pg at three times the noise level. Recoveries were also reported.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The authors analyzed air samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

Critically Deficient

Authors are from Sweden, but study does not report sampling location.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

No sampling date is reported. Publication date is 1997.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

n= 20 samples in total. Four samples at each location, 5 locations: 3 school, 1 daycare, 1 office. Unclear if the
4 are replicates or consecutive samples.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Low

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to indoor environments in schools, daycares, and
offices, but the lack of geographic location details limits the validity of the results.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Low

Limited summary statistics were reported in Table 1, no ranges or raw data.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

Missing some analytical QA/QC parameters, e.g., field and laboratory blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability (coefficient of variation). Uncertainties and limitations were briefly
described.

Overall Quality Determination

Uninformative





Page 227 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5167023

Study Citation:	Stubbings, W. A., Guo, J. H., Simon, K., Romanak, K., Bowerman, W., Venier, M. (2018). Flame retardant metabolites in addled bald eagle eggs from

the Great Lakes region. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5:354-359.

HERO ID:	5167023

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Sampling was described in the methods and in the SI, including the procedure, storage, matrix characteristics.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Methods, equipment, and matrix spike recoveries were reported.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The analyte measured is a metabolite of interest, but in terrestrial species.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Michigan, US.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Timing of sample collection for monitoring data is less consistent with current or recent exposures (>5 to 15
years) may be expected. The data collected is from 2000 to 2012.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

Sample size for the inland breeding area was 11 and sample size for the Great Lakes breeding area was 10.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The data closely represented relevant exposure scenario. It reflected the ecological species which may be
affected.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Individual data points are reported in Table S5 and summary statistics including geometric mean, standard
error, median, and range were reported in Table S4.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

QA included matrix spike recoveries. QA was discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability and uncertainty were not explicitly discussed. Only some discussion around the limitation of the
study finding was provided at the end of the article.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 228 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5176476

Liu, L. Y., He, K., Hites, R. A., Salamova, A. (2016). Hair and nails as noninvasive biomarkers of human exposure to brominated and organophosphate

flame retardants. Environmental Science and Technology 50:3065-3073.

5176476

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	Medium

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A

Sampling procedures for hair/nail and serum collection were summarized clearly. Blood samples were de-
scribed as drawn by trained professional with description of sampling and storage equipment, frozen storage
prior to analysis. Hair sampling was conducted immediately following blood draw, with descriptions of sam-
pling procedures, equipment, frozen storage prior to analysis. Nail sampling was described as conducted by
study participants within two weeks of blood draw with description of sampling equipment, equipment clean-
ing procedures supposed to be followed by participants, and specialized shipment to lab for analysis. Insuf-
ficient data were reported on study sampling site characteristics and frozen storage time prior to analysis for
serum and hair sampling, as well as storage time prior to lab analysis for nail sampling.

Analytical instrumentation methods were described as using method developed by authors for simultaneous
determination of chemical concentrations in hair and nail samples (GC-MS/ECNI). Extraction methods, LOQ
method but not chemical-specific LOQ's, and chemical-specific recoveries for hair and nail samples (chemicals
of interest not detected within serum) were described. Insufficient information on instrument calibration and
chemical-specific LOQ's. However, text notes detailed information can be found within SI.

Exposure sampling for parent chemicals of interest were analyzed in all sampling media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Indiana University, Bloomington campus.

Dates of recruitment, but not dates of actual sampling, were described.

For hair/nails samples, they were from all ten toes so replicate and n=10, but samples were only taken at one
place/time. Authors noted that due to rapid metabolism of OPEs it is unlikely for chemicals of interest trans-
ported through body to reach hair/nails such that concentrations within hair/nails likely represent external
sources such as absorption from air and dust or contact with nail polish. For blood sample, a single blood sam-
ple was collected, no replicate samples were collected.

It was likely that concentrations reported represented non-occupational exposure, however, occupations of
participants were not noted and results from living habits and indoor environment survey were not reported.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	Medium

Insufficient information for all media concerning raw data (not within full text or noted as within SI), and dates
of sampling. Summary statistics of geometric mean, median, range and % detection were provided within
Table 1.

Details for QA/QC procedures and accuracy/precision of methods for all sampling media were described as
outlined within referenced previous publication (Liu et al., 2015). Authors noted that concentrations were
neither recovery-corrected nor blank-corrected. Baseline/pre-exposure sampling was not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Low

Table 1 noted variability in terms of range for all geometric mean concentrations within all media. Nail sam-
pling was conducted within two weeks after serum sampling, however, nail clippings would have been taken
from end of nail and would reflect exposures more than two weeks prior to serum sampling. Authors discussed
similarity of measured concentrations in all media with previous studies. Chemicals of interest were not de-
tected within serum so no relationship between hair/nail concentrations and serum concentrations could be
assessed. Authors noted reasoning for non-detects within serum as possibly due to rapid metabolism of OPEs.
Authors noted TCEP level associations between hair and nail sampling, but not TPHP and discuss reason for
additional sources of exposure for TPHP (nail polish) on nails versus.

Continued on next page ...

Page 229 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5176476

... continued from previous page

Study Citation:	Liu, L. Y., He, K., Hites, R. A., Salamova, A. (2016). Hair and nails as noninvasive biomarkers of human exposure to brominated and organophosphate

flame retardants. Environmental Science and Technology 50:3065-3073.

HERO ID:	5176476

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 230 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5176506

Study Citation:	Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Traffic as a source of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in snow. Environmental

Science and Technology 39:3555-3562.

HERO ID:	5176506

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Adequate detail was not provided.

Adequate detail was not provided.

Parent chemical in environmental media (snow).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

High

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Samples were collected in March 2003.

1-2 snow sample replicates were collected per location. One 1-week background air sample was collected. Wet
and dry deposition was recorded. Various product samples were taken (Table 2).

The exposure scenario can be used in general population, environmental and animal exposure scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

There are no statistics as there was one sample per site.
Recoveries are provided by each reported value.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was no discussion on variability and uncertainties. A few samples were connected to a larger region.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 231 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5184238

Study Citation:	Zhao, L., Jian, K., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Letcher, R. J., Su, G. (2019). Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in Chinese foodstuffs: Dietary intake

estimation via a market basket method, and suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Environment International 128:343-352.
HERO ID:	5184238

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sample storage duration was not reported. The sample extraction process was performed twice, and both

extracts combined.

LOQ and LOD were reported in SI.

Concentrations were measured in food samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

Samples were collected in 2018.

Sample size was reported for each food category but there was no indication of replicate analysis.
Dietary intake for general Chinese population.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Individual sample concentrations were not reported.

There don't appear to be any major quality assurance/quality control issues in the study. Procedural blanks
were included with each extraction to assess lab contamination. Blank concentrations were subtracted from
sample concentrations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study does not include a discussion of limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 232 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5184432

Study Citation:	Tan, H., Yang, L., Yu, Y., Guan, Q., Liu, X., Li, L., Chen, D. (2019). Co-existence of organophosphate di- and tri-esters in house dust from South

China and Midwestern United States: Implications for human exposure. Environmental Science and Technology 53:4784-4793.

HERO ID:	5184432

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methodology is consistent with widely accepted methods/approaches for the chemical and media
being analyzed, scientifically sound), and similar to widely accepted protocols for the chemical and media of
interest. All pertinent sampling information is provided in the data source and companion source.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation. LOQ provided.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

High

Metabolite (BCEP) and parent chemical measured in dust samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Geographic locations are reported and discussed. Samples collected in USA and China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

No sampling date was provided, but a publication date is available.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Replicate samples were not used.Data collected in 47 sites.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The data likely represent the relevant exposure scenario (i.e., population/scenario/media of interest). Exposure
activities not discussed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Supplementary or raw data (i.e., individual data points) are not reported, and therefore summary statistics
cannot be reproduced.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

The study applied quality assurance/quality control measures and all pertinent quality assurance information is
provided in the datasource or companion source.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study characterizes variability in the population studied. Key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps have
been identified and are minimal.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 233 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5298744

Study Citation:	Page, D., Miotlinski, K., Gonzalez, D., Barry, K., Dillon, P., Gallen, C. (2014). Environmental monitoring of selected pesticides and organic chemicals

in urban stormwater recycling systems using passive sampling techniques. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 158:65-77.

HERO ID:	5298744

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

The water sampling methodology was concisely described.

The analytical methods were described, but recoveries and LOD were not reported.

The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

The samples were collected in South Australia.

The samples were collected in 2011 and 2012
n=5 sampling locations with <5 replicates per site.

The data likely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to stormwater in South Australia, but details about
the population of interest were missing.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Limited summary statistics were reported. Individual sample concentrations were not reported.
Limited details about QA/QC techniques were reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties and study limitations were briefly discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 234 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5305891

Study Citation:	Gadelha, J. R., Rocha, A. C., Camacho, C., Eljarrat, E., Peris, A., Aminot, Y., Readman, J. W., Boti, V., Nannou, C., Kapsi, M., Albanis, T., Rocha, F.,

Machado, A., Bordalo, A., Valente, L. M. P., Nunes, M. L., Marques, A., Almeida, C. M. R. (2019). Persistent and emerging pollutants assessment on
aquaculture oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from NW Portuguese coast (Ria De Aveiro). Science of the Total Environment 666:731-742.

HERO ID:	5305891

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling area and procedures were adequately described. Water and sediments were sampled over four sea-
sons and oyster characteristics were measured.

Details on extraction method, LOD, LOQ, % recovery, reproducibility described in Supplementary Materials.
Parent chemical concentration measured in oyster soft tissues.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Low

High

Samples were collected in Portugal.

Samples were collected from 2016 to 2017.

Sampling occurred in 4 seasons. 20 oysters each for chemical analysis were homogenized together and divided
into five lots; one lot was analzyed per chemical group. N = 3 triplicate measures per chemical per season.

The exposure scenario was oysters from aquaculture, which are consumed by people. Water and sediments
from the same location were also evaluated.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Mean and SD was reported for homogenized oysters from each of 4 seasons for each chemical. N = 3, for
water, sediment, and oysters.

QA was discussed generally; details might be provided in Supplementary Materials.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Seasonal variations were discussed and oyster, water, and sediment concentrations were compared. Variation
among individual oysters or between different aquaculture locations was not addressed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 235 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5386424

Study Citation:	Rauert, C., Harner, T., Schuster, J. K., Eng, A., Fillmann, G., Castillo, L. E., Fentanes, O., Villa Ibarra, M., Miglioranza, K. S. B., Moreno Rivadeneira,

I., Pozo, K., Aristizdbal Zuluaga, B. H. (2018). Atmospheric Concentrations of New Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Chemicals of Concern
in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) Region. Environmental Science and Technology 52:7240-7249.

HERO ID:	5386424

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
N/A

Sampling equipment and study sites were discussed. However, sample storage and calibration were not men-
tioned.

Analytical method (GC-MS/MS) was used. And detection limits were mentioned in the SI.

Air samples were collected. No biomarker was needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High

High
Medium

High

The study included 9 sites covering 7 countries: Mexico (n = 2), Costa Rica (n = 1), Colombia (n = 1), Brazil
(n = 2), Bolivia (n = 1), Argentina (n = 1), and Chile (n = 1).

The deployment of sampling equipment was reported to be 2014-2015.

Replicate samples were not mentioned to be provided. Each site had 1 or 2 samplers collecting samples for at
least a quarter of a year.

Air, background mostly. The majority of sites were classified asbackground sites (n = 5), with 3 urban and 1
agricultural site

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Individual data points were reported in the SI.

Quality assurance measures and all pertinent information was provided in the data source or companion source.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited discussion of key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 236 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5412073

Study Citation:	Giovanoulis, G., Nguyen, M. A., Arwidsson, M., Langer, S., Vestergren, R., Lagerqvist, A. (2019). Reduction of hazardous chemicals in Swedish

preschool dust through article substitution actions. Environment International 130:104921.

HERO ID:	5412073

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Reported key sampling details and cited sampling method previously were described in Papadopoulou et al.,
2016 (reference not obtained).

Extraction and analytical methods were well-described; collected replicate samples from each preschool;
reported detection limits in Table 1; analyzed the standard reference material (SRM) 2585 (NIST, USA) each
time in replicate (n=4) to evaluate accuracy of the analytical method.

The analytes were collected as dust samples; biomarker samples were not collected.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

The samples were collected in Stockholm area, Sweden.

Dust sampling took place from January to February 2018.

The study had a sample size of n=20 and replicate samples from each pre-school. The study collected dust
at one point in time (2018), but compared current dust contaminant concentrations to prior concentrations to
examine the impact of implementation of "chemical smart" actions.

The study collected questionnaire data during sampling to capture information on indoor materials, daily
cleaning routines and ventilation function. It also examined association between dust and indoor parameters to
understand product sources of exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data were not reported in main text (does not seem to be reported in SI either, but SI file was not ob-
tained). The standard deviation of summary statistics was not reported in main text.

The study analyzed solvent and field blanks. It reported adequate (>70% ) sample recoveries; results were in
good agreement with previously reported values in the literature.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study accounted for variability between chemicals and floor materials (boxplot distributions presented in
Fig 1). It discussed key limitations and uncertainties, which likely underestimated risk to children specifically.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 237 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5423396

Study Citation:	He, C., Wang, X., Tang, S., Phong Thai, Li, Z., Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Concentrations of Organophosphate Esters and Their Specific

Metabolites in Food in Southeast Queensland, Australia: Is Dietary Exposure an Important Pathway of Organophosphate Esters and Their Metabolites?.
Environmental Science and Technology 52:12765-12773.

HERO ID:	5423396

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
High

General inclusion of sampling information.

MDL provided, method reference cited, general description of methods.

Parent chemical and metabolite (BCEP) measured in food. The urine excretion estimates were based on previ-
ous studies.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples collected in Queensland Australia.

Samples collected during March 2018.

A total of 92 samples were collected (estimated from table S4), 3-5 items per food group.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to food (vegetables) and water for consumption
in Queensland, Australia.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were provided, without raw data.

QA/QC techniques were described, e.g, recoveries, field blanks, supplemental tables showing analytes in field
blanks, duplicate samples for reproducibility of method.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was characterized (percentiles). Uncertainties were briefly described.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 238 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5428395

Study Citation:	Kinney, C. A., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Zaugg, S. D., Burkhardt, M. R., Bossio, J. P., Werner, S. L. (2010). Earthworms: Diagnostic indicators of

wastewater derived anthropogenic organic contaminants in terrestrial environments. ACS Symposium Series Volume 1048 1048:297-317.

HERO ID:	5428395

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The biosolid, soil and earthworm sampling methodology were described in detail.

Low	The analytical methods were described, mentioning recoveries, instrumentation and LOD, but the values for

recoveries and LOD were not reported.

N/A	The authors analyzed environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Data collected in Midwestern U.S.

Medium	The samples were collected in 2005.

Low	11= 1 ii (no replicates), estimated from Table II.

Medium	The data may represent chemical presence in soil and earthworms evaluated in biosolid amended soils and

other soils. The limited sample size limits the results' generalizability.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Table II has raw data for each site (average of 3 replicate composite samples). Summary statistics were re-

ported.

High	QA/QC techniques were described in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability was not characterized. Uncertainties and limitations were not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 239 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5428453

Study Citation:	Gao, Q., Blum, K. M., Gago-Ferrero, P., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L., Andersson, P. L. (2019). Impact of on-site wastewater infiltration systems on organic

contaminants in groundwater and recipient waters. Science of the Total Environment 651:1670-1679.

HERO ID:	5428453

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Groundwater monitoring wells were used by local authority for routine monitoring; grab samples were col-
lected and stored at -20C; the samples were filtered.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Discussion included SPE, GC/HRMS or LC-MS/MS. LOD and LOQs listed in Table S3 and recovery rates in
Table S4 and S7, which were all >40% .

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected in Are municipality (Storlien and Ann) in central Sweden.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

Samples collected from November 2016-August 2017.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

There were 5 sampling seasons (see Table 1), and at 2 sites - Storlien, 4 groundwater sampling points (n=20).
The 4 sampling points are considered replicates. At 2 lakes (n=4) - Ann, 2 groundwater sampling points
(n=10); stream water (n=2) and lake (n=2) sampled in June and August.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The exposure scenario was ground water and surface water in residential Are municipality; more details pro-
vided in Table SI.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Raw data was reported in SI; Fig 2 and Fig 5 depicted concentrations; summary statistics were limited in the
paper but SI may provide additional detail.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

Section 2.4 discussed QA/QC; recovery > 40% ; additional information in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Paper discusses seasonal variation and compares levels to literature and previous studies.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 240 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5428638

Study Citation:	Blum, K. M., Haglund, P., Gao, Q., Ahrens, L., Gros, M., Wiberg, K., Andersson, P. L. (2018). Mass fluxes per capita of organic contaminants from

on-site sewage treatment facilities. Chemosphere 201:864-873.

HERO ID:	5428638

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The water sampling methodology was described in detail and is scientifically sound.
The analytical methods were thoroughly described, including LOD and recoveries.
The authors analyzed water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

The study was conducted in Sweden.

The samples were collected in 2014 and 2015.

There were 20 samples in total from five locations (4 replicates).

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to contaminants of interest in River Fyris, which
receives treated sewage.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Summary statistics and individual sample concentrations were reported.
QA/QC techniques were reported, including the use of control samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was characterized (IQR, range). Uncertainties were discussed by the authors.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 241 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5432871

Study Citation:	Dodson, R. E., Bessonneau, V., Udesky, J. O., Nishioka, M., Mccauley, M., Rudel, R. A. (2019). Passive indoor air sampling for consumer product

chemicals: a field evaluation study. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 29:95-108.

HERO ID:	5432871

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The air sampling methodology was well described and is scientifically sound
The analytical methods were described, including LOD and recoveries.
The authors analyzed air samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Low

High

Data was collected in Boston, USA.

The samples were collected in Oct. 2013-July 2015.

n=37 samples, without replicates.

The data closely represent relevant exposure scenarios related to consumer product chemicals in indoor air in
Boston.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary statistics were reported. Individual sample concentrations were not reported.
QA/QC techniques were described in detail, including the use of control samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability was characterized (range, 95th percentile). Uncertainties and study limitations were discussed in
detail.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 242 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469202

Study Citation:	Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Hou, J., Wang, X., Lu, W., Zheng, H., Xiong, W.,ei, Liu, J., Yuan, J. (2019). Seasonal variations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate

and cytotoxicity of organic extracts in water samples from Wuhan, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 76:299-309.

HERO ID:	5469202

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	High	Sampling raw, finished, and tap water; storage and transport were described.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	High	Solid-phase extraction and GC/MS methodology were modification of Salamova et al. 2016 and described.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	The study is testing for the chemical in an environmental media (drinking water).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Geographic location is reported (China, Wuhan City) and very well described.

Sample collection date were reported: May 2015, August 2015, November 2015 and January 2016.

Sample collected during 4 seasons from 2 drinking water treatment plants with 5 samples from each plant (1
raw, 1 finished, and 3 different tap water). The sample size is 40 samples.

Study provides concentrations at tap.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Raw data is reported (N = 40 samples, Table 1).

The following was described: procedural and solvent blanks; MDL = 3 x SD; recovery % ; calibration curves
by season; replicates not specified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Study described sources of variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 243 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469210

Study Citation:	Valcarcel, Y., Valdehita, A., Becerra, E., Lopez de Alda, M., Gil, A., Gorga, M., Petrovic, M., Barcelo, D., Navas, 1. M. (2018). Determining

the presence of chemicals with suspected endocrine activity in drinking water from the Madrid region (Spain) and assessment of their estrogenic,
androgenic and thyroidal activities. Chemosphere 201:388-398.

HERO ID:	5469210

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

N/A

The location, details of sampling sites, sampling procedures, and sample storage were well described.

LOD, LOQ, and detection limits were reported. The analytical method was briefly described as a detailed
description was provided in a previous publication.

This paper provides the concentrations of endocrine disruptor chemicals monitored, not biomarkers concentra-
tions.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Details of the 4 sampling sites in Spain are provided.

Samples were collected in November 2013.

Samples were collected for 7 days from each of the 4 sites. Samples were collected every 8 hours and samples
were combined for each 24 hour period.

Details of the DWTPs and the populations served were provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The LOD, LOQ, detection frequency, range and total concentration were provided. The raw data was not
provided.

Recovery was reported. Details of the analytical procedure and quality assurance methods are provided in a
previous publication. They were not provided in the current publication.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

A measure of variance was not provided. There was limited discussion on uncertainty. There was some discus-
sion on the differences between the 4 sampling sites.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 244 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469212

Study Citation:	Wang, X., Zhu, L., Zhong, W., Yang, L. (2018). Partition and source identification of organophosphate esters in the water and sediment of Taihu Lake,

China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 360:43-50.

HERO ID:	5469212

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Collection locations, storage, filtration, etc. are described.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

Probably high confidence. The sample pretreatment is described in previous publications and in SI; instrumen-
tation is described briefly and in detail in Ref#6.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The parent chemical is being tested for in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The geographic location is Taihu Lake, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

The sample collection date is 2016.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Spatial: there are 29 water, suspended particulate, and sediment sampling locations in the lake; there are 9
possible source sampling locations. Temporal: there is only one sampling year and season.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Low

This is not a direct source of human exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Low

The presented proportion of all OPEs is measured graphically. The data available in SI are unclear (not yet
examined).

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Calibration, blanks, MDLs, validation standards, and % recovery are reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Spatial variability is examined; temporal variability is not examined. Uncertainties regarding the sources of the
chemical are discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 245 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469213

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Wang, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, Q., Hou, M., Zhao, H., Xie, Q., Du, J., Chen, J. (2017). Organophosphate esters in sediment cores from coastal Laizhou Bay

of the Bohai Sea, China. Science of the Total Environment 607-608:103-108.

5469213

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Details of the collection site and matrix, sampling procedure and storage were reported.

High	Sample extraction and analysis procedures were provided. The LOQ was provided.

N/A	This metric is not applicable.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Details of the location of the sediment cores in 2 locations in China were provided.

High	Samples were collected on September 22-23, 2015.

Medium	The length of the sediment core CA was 60 cm and length of the sediment core CB was 66 cm. Each core was

cut into 3 cm pieces yielding 20-23 samples per core but only one sample for each depth.

Medium	Some discussion of the temporal trends and sources of deposition. Exposure would be relevant to the aquatic

environment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	The only data provided was the temporal trend in each core and the concentration is reported for each depth

measurement of the core providing. The raw data is not provided.

Medium	No QA issues were identified (no blank contamination). The recovery was only e 82.3 =b 27.8% , and recover-

ies were corrected with surrogate recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There is some discussion of the temporal variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 246 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469215

Study Citation:	Wang, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, H., Hou, M., Xie, Q., Chen, J. (2018). Occurrence, distribution, and air-water exchange of organophosphorus

flame retardants in a typical coastal area of China. Chemosphere 211:335-344.

HERO ID:	5469215

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Sampling was described but missing information about the storage during transport and materials used for
collecting water samples

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical instrumentation was described and appropriate. Analysis and QC samples were described and
appropriate. MDLs was calculated and provided in text.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

No biomarker needed because the study used air and water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Dalian, China.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

One water sample per season and one passive air sample per season were collected in 40 day span starting in
Sep 2016 to Jul 2017

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

One water sample per season and one passive air sample per season collected in a 40 day span per location.

This method was appropriate, but replicate or triplicates would've been possible given the sampling methodolo-
gies and materials.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Ambient air and water were monitored.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data is not provided.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Analytical QA/QC was reported and described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Little information was provided about gaps and limitations. Seasonal variability was found but not seasonality,
which is not possible unless study is done in multiple years.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 247 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469238

Study Citation:	Xing, L., Zhang, Q., Sun, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, S., Xu, H. (2018). Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface

water and sediment from a shallow freshwater Lake, China. Science of the Total Environment 636:632-640.

HERO ID:	5469238

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

A previous study is cited for methodology. Sampling methods is briefly described but missing details on collec-
tion equipment and technique.

Analytical methodology is full described. LODs are reported in Table S2.

Chemical is measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

Samples were collected in November 2016.

All samples were collected within one month and there were no replicate analysis.
Site and potential sources are characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Raw data is not reported.

This study applied quality control measures and no issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

This study contains some discussion of variability and limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 248 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469244

Study Citation:	Zhang, B., Lu, S., Huang, M., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zheng, H., Jiang, Y., Bai, X., Zhang, T. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame

retardants in 0-5-year-old children: Potential exposure risk for inpatients and home-stay infants. Environmental Pollution 243:318-325.

HERO ID:	5469244

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
High

Sampling methodology accompanied with questionnaire, morning void samples collected.
Analytical instrumentation details provided in SI, recoveries, LOQ, provided in main text.
Metabolite (BCEP) for parent chemical measured.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China.

Samples were collected from October to November 2016.

Sample replicates were not reported. A total of 227 samples were collected.

The study evaluates infant exposure to OPFRs.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Table 1 reports a summary of statistics including the median, GM, min and max. The raw data is not available.
The study has a QA/QC section describing blanks, internal standards, LOQ, and recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability reported in terms of range, no limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 249 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469253

Study Citation:	Pang, L., Yang, H., Wang, Y.,ue, Luo, X., Liu, S., Xiao, J. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in total suspended particulates from an urban area

of zhengzhou, China: Temporal variations, potential affecting factors, and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 176:204-
210.

HERO ID:	5469253

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling methodology, sample storage, and materials were described.

Analytical methodology, QA/QC samples were provided and reported. MDLs were reported, but not for LODs
or LOQs.

Particulate samples were measured but no biomarker were needed.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Zhengzhou, China.
Samples were collected in June to November 2018.
Thirty samples were collected with no replicates.

Ambient air was monitored.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data is available in supplemental.
Analytical QA/QC was reported and reliable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No study limitations were reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 250 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469263

Study Citation:	Regnery, J., Puttmann, W. (2010). Occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in urban and remote surface waters in

Germany. Water Research 44:4097-4104.

HERO ID:	5469263

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The study sites and matrices, sampling procedures, and sample storage are well described.
The LOD, LOQ, and recovery rates are provided. The analytical method is well described.
Chemical in environmental media is tested.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

Medium

The sampling sites across Germany are well described.

Samples were collected from 2007-2009.

Samples ranged from 2-42 at each site. Duplicate samples were collected.

There is some discussion on exposure to humans and the aquatic environment. There is a range of types of
sampling sites and therefore exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

The LOD, LOQ, median, and 5th and 95th percentiles are reported. The raw data is not included.
No QA issues were identified (no blank contamination and recoveries of TCEP were 95 +/- 2.7% ).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The 5th and 95th percentiles were reported. There is some discussion of uncertainty and comparison to other
studies.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 251 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469274

Study Citation:	Scott, P. D., Bartkow, M., Blockwell, S. J., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J., Lim, R., Mcdonald, J. A., Nice, H., Nugegoda, D., Pettigrove, V., Tremblay,

L. A., Warne, M. S., Leusch, F. D. (2014). A national survey of trace organic contaminants in Australian rivers. Journal of Environmental Quality

43:1702-1712.

HERO ID:	5469274

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods were described in detail. Grab samples were collected from river water at a depth of 20-30
cm.

Methods included solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (SPE, LC-MS/MS).
The LOQ was reported.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Australia.

Samples were collected in 2011 and 2012.

Generally there were more than 10 samples from 5 different land-use scenarios in each of four seasons. How-
ever, raw data was not presented and data was aggregated at high levels.

The exposure scenario was river water near agricultural, industrial, residential, WWTP, and undeveloped areas.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The detection frequency was reported for each of 4 seasons. Single mean, standard error, 50th and 95th per-
centiles, and max value was reported for all 285 samples combined (4 seasons x 73 total locations).

Calibration curves and lab blanks were discussed analysis methods section; SI possibly provides more informa-
tion on QA.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variation was not reported by sampling location. Detection frequency reported by season, but mean, SE, and
distributional statistics reported across all samples only.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 252 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469289

Study Citation:	Laws, B. V., Dickenson, E. R., Johnson, T. A., Snyder, S. A., Drewes, J. E. (2011). Attenuation of contaminants of emerging concern during surface-

spreading aquifer recharge. Science of the Total Environment 409:1087-1094.

HERO ID:	5469289

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Detailed methodology were described, especially for the site characterization.

Analytical methodology were fully explained, including references to standard methods. Method reporting
limits are provided in Table 2.

Study tested the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Los Angeles County, California.

Samples were collected from May-July 2009.

Samples were collected on 4 different collection dates and from 8 different sample locations with no replicate
samples.

Exposure scenario is not fully described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

No raw data are reported.

Study documented only some QA/QC measures, such as blank samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps was described.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 253 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469295

Study Citation:	Mcdonough, C. A., De Silva, A. O., Sun, C., Cabrerizo, A., Adelman, D., Soltwedel, T., Bauerfeind, E., Muir, D. C. G., Lohmann, R. (2018). Dissolved

organophosphate esters and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in remote marine environments: Arctic surface water distributions and net transport through
fram strait. Environmental Science and Technology 52:6208-6216.

HERO ID:	5469295

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
High

N/A

Sampling methodology, including sampling collection, transport, and storage was adequately detailed.

Analytical methodology, including mass spectrometry details was described. Additional details and detection
limits provided in supplemental files.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in the Canadian Arctic.

Samples were collected from 2014-2016.

There were <10 samples for different water sampling types.

There was no clear connection of potential exposure in sampled water body to a population exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No raw data was reported.

QA/QC was described and included recoveries, blanks, and duplicates.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion on study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 254 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469297

Study Citation:	McGoldrick, D. J., Letcher, R. J., Barresi, E., Keir, M. J., Small, J., Clark, M. G., Sverko, E., Backus, S. M. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants

and organosiloxanes in predatory freshwater fish from locations across Canada. Environmental Pollution 193:254-261.

HERO ID:	5469297

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling methods were described in detail.

MLOQs reported in table. Referred to another publication for methods.
Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Canada.

Samples were collected in 2010.

3-10 fish were collected per station.

Paper detailed how regions and exposure population were relevant and chosen.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary stats (median, mean, SD) were reported. Individual points not reported.
QA was described in detail. Blanks and recoveries were described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability and uncertainty not discussed. SD is included.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 255 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469298

Study Citation:	Liu, Y. E., Luo, X. J., Huang, L. Q., Zeng, Y. H., Mai, B. X. (2019). Organophosphorus flame retardants in fish from Rivers in the Pearl River Delta,

South China. Science of the Total Environment 663:125-132.

HERO ID:	5469298

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

The sampling methodology is clear and appropriate. All pertinent sampling information is provided in the data
source or SI.

The analytical procedures were outlined in section 2.2 and 2.3. MDL reported in table S4.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media (biota: fishes).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High

Medium
High

Medium

Geographic location is reported and discussed; major rivers (Dongjiang, Xijiang, Beijiang and Pearl) in the Perl
River Delta region of China.

Samples collected between July and September 2014.

Sampling approach accurately captures variability of environmental contamination in media of interest.

The data likely represent the relevant exposure scenario and the study somewhat describes the setting; the study
states that exposure of fish to PFRs in the Pearl River Delta region is negligible.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Supplementary or raw data (i.e., individual data points) are not reported , and therefore summary statistics
cannot be reproduced.

The study applied quality assurance/quality control measures and all pertinent quality assurance information is
provided in the datasource or supplemental information.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study has limited characterization of variability in the media studied and limited discussion of key uncer-
tainties, limitations, and data gaps.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 256 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469301

Study Citation:	Choo, G., Cho, H. S., Park, K., Lee, J. W., Kim, P., Oh, J. E. (2018). Tissue-specific distribution and bioaccumulation potential of organophosphate

flame retardants in crucian carp. Environmental Pollution 239:161-168.

HERO ID:	5469301

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Fish captured described in SI; gonad, liver, muscle, and blood sampled from each.

Solid phase extraction; GC/MS described, additional details in SI.

The authors analyzed tissue and whole blood of crucian carps for the parent chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in South Korea, Nakdong River.

Data collected between Sept to Nov 2015.

20 fish (7 male, 13 female) from upstream and midstream sampling locations.

Ecological: accumulation in predatory fish. Humans: fish muscle can be consumed by humans.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Range, median, frequency of detection; concentration on wet-weight basis.

Blank contamination described in SI; sample concentration estimated by subtracting blanks; linearity, preci-
sion, and accuracy determined by tissue type; also for water and sediments.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Possible correlates of higher concentrations examined (e.g., body size), spatial variation examined.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 257 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469312

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Fries, E., Puttmann, W. (2001). Occurrence of organophosphate esters in surface water and ground water in Germany. Journal of Environmental

Monitoring 3:621-626.

5469312

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	The study site characteristics, sampling procedure and storage, analytical methods were well described.

High	Sample extraction, analytical equipment, and operating conditions were well described. Detection limit was

reported.

N/A	Parent chemical tested in water samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	The sites in Germany are well described.

Low	Samples were collected in 2000.

Medium	Surface water samples were taken from 6 rivers, groundwater samples were taken from 45 wells, and there was

one rain water and one waste water sample.

Medium	There is some discussion of environmental exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The concentration is provided for the single samples of surface water from each river in March and November,

2000. The range is reported for the groundwater samples. No other data are reported.

High	No QA issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There is a discussion of temporal trends, and limited discussion on uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 258 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469313

Study Citation:	Fries, E., Puttmann, W. (2003). Monitoring of the three organophosphate esters TBP, TCEP and TBEP in river water and ground water (Oder, Germany).

Journal of Environmental Monitoring 5:346-352.

HERO ID:	5469313

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low
Medium
N/A

Sampling equipment and storage are not reported.

Some analytical instrumentation details are not described.
Chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples was collected in Germany.

Samples were collected from March 2000 to July 2001.

Not all scenarios have replicate samples.

Sampling site and potential sources were well characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Raw data are reported.

There was limited discussion of how quality control measures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited characterization of variability and uncertainties was reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 259 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469315

Study Citation:	Gourmelon, M., Caprais, M. P., Mieszkin, S., Marti, R., W6ry, N., Jard6, E., Derrien, M., ladas-H6cart, A., Communal, P. Y., laffrezic, A., Pourcher, A.

M. (2010). Development of microbial and chemical MST tools to identify the origin of the faecal pollution in bathing and shellfish harvesting waters

in France. Water Research 44:4812-4824.

HERO ID:	5469315

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The sampling procedures were outlined.

Low	Analytical methodology including the instrumentation was reported. LOD were reported.

N/A	The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Pays de la Loire, France.

Medium	The study doesn't report a sampling date, but it was published in 2010.

Medium	The study analyzes 5 WWTP effluent during two sampling campaigns; measured in triplicate; then 4 wastewa-

ter and 20 surface water samples from two rivers; 3 samples from river with intense grazing.

Medium	The study evaluates effluent from 5 WWTPs; plants and settings are not described; rivers in agricultural areas

and receiving WWTP discharges.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Medium	Table 4 provides concentration at each WWTP during the two sampling campaigns; Table 7 provides concen-

tration in effluent and rivers. Sample replicates were collected.

Medium	The recoveries for first and second campaigns discussed in 3.1.2; extraction good for first campaign but cor-

rected for second; QA/QC not discussed in detail.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limitations are not reported, variability reported as RSD provided in Table 4.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 260 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469339

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Barnes, K. K., Christenson, S. C., Kolpin, D. W., Focazio, M., Furlong, E. T., Zaugg, S. D., Meyer, M. T., Barber, L. B. (2004). Pharmaceuticals and

other organic waste water contaminants within a leachate plume downgradient of a municipal landfill. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation

24:119-126.

5469339

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	Samples were collected by USGS personnel according to established protocols for obtaining representative

ground water samples.

Medium	Detection limits is reported in table 2. Analytical methods were described for chemical groups but not individ-

ual compounds.

N/A	Study tested parent chemical in groundwater downgradient of a landfill.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected in Norman, Oklahoma.

Low	Samples were collected in 2000.

Medium	Five wells were sampled and there were no replicate samples.

High	Contaminants in groundwater was measured from landfill leacheate.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low	Raw data is provided but no summary statistics were reported.

Low	There is limited discussion of QA/QC. Average recoveries are reported in Table 3 and correction was not

discussed for low recoveries (<60% ). While TCEP was not reported to have a low recovery, our threshold
requires correction is 70% . It is possible that TCEP has a recovery <70% .

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No measure of variance or discussion of uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps is discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 261 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469348

Study Citation:	Cao, S., Zeng, X., Song, H.,an, Li, H., Yu, Z., Sheng, G., Fu, J. (2012). Levels and distributions of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers

in sediment from Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31:1478-1484.

HERO ID:	5469348

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling method is fully explained.
Analytical methodology is fully explained.
Chemical was measured in sediment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Taihu Lake, China.

No sampling date was provided but the publication date was in 2012.

Study reported there were no replicate samples.

Microenvironment information was missing.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No individual data points was reported.

There is a section in the study on quality control and quality assurance.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion of uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 262 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469392

Study Citation:	Bastiaensen, M., Ait Bamai, Y., Araki, A., Van den Eede, N., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Kishi, R., Covaci, A. (2019). Biomonitoring of organophosphate

flame retardants and plasticizers in children: Associations with house dust and housing characteristics in Japan. Environmental Research 172:543-551.
HERO ID:	5469392

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling methodology is discussed, scientifically sound and consistent with widely accepted methods/
approaches for the chemical and media being analyzed.

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. Both LOD and LOQ are reported.

The study measures the parent chemical in urine.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in Japan.

Data was collected in 2008.

The study analyzed a high number of samples (n=128); no replicates reported.

Biomonitoring of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in children exposed to house dust

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not reported. Table 3 reported concentrations (min, max, median, mean, SD, 25th and 75th per-
centile).

Quality control samples and blanks were analyzed, and recoveries are reported.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

SD is reported and the study well characterizes variability, key uncertainties, limitations, and data gaps were
reported.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 263 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469393

Study Citation:	Sala, B., Gim&iez, J., de Stephanis, R., Barcel6, D., Eljarrat, E. (2019). First determination of high levels of organophosphorus flame retardants and

plasticizers in dolphins from Southern European waters. Environmental Research 172:289-295.

HERO ID:	5469393

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low

High
N/A

The study reports an "opportunistic" sampling of dolphins found stranded on coast; sampling methods not
described; frozen after receipt at laboratory.

Methodology described for liquid chromatography. LOD detailed in SI.

Parent chemicals; dolphins considered ecological receptors of concern.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

Low

Samples were collected in Coast of Alboran Sea, Andalusia (Spain).

Samples were collected from dolphins stranded from 2004 to 2010.

Samples from 11 dolphins found stranded; same general location over 6 years. Two to five different tissue
samples per animal (blubber, brain, kidney, liver, muscle).

The study doesn't report the exposure scenario, diet and migration of dolphins prior to stranding unknown.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

The median values reported; SI report individual (raw) data.
The QA/QC is described primarily in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study had biased sample (stranded dolphins). No limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 264 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469421

Study Citation:	Lai, N. L. S., Kwok, K. Y., Wang, X., Yamashita, N., Liu, G., Leung, K. M. Y., Lam, P. K. S., Lam, J. C. W. (2019). Assessment of organophosphorus

flame retardants and plasticizers in aquatic environments of China (Pearl River Delta, South China Sea, Yellow River Estuary) and Japan (Tokyo Bay).

Journal of Hazardous Materials 371:288-294.

HERO ID:	5469421

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

The sampling description is reported in section 2.1.

The analytical procedures are outlined in SI, optimization, processing software. The MDL is reported in the SI.
The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in China and Japan.

Samples were collected in China between 2012 and 2015 and in Japan in 2013.
Replicates were not reported, sample number from 3-11 per site.

The study evaluates surface water exposure for eco receptors.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not reported. The SI has summary stats for each site.

The QA section indicates recoveries 51-130% s, MDL, LOQs, validation details in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limitations are not reported, variability reported as range, and comparison between locations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 265 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469470

Study Citation:	Yasuhara, A. (1995). Chemical components in leachates from hazardous wastes landfills in Japan. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 51:113-

120.

HERO ID:	5469470

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low

Low
N/A

Only the purchasing of sampling samples and study site characteristics (i.e., 4 controlled landfills in central
Japan and one open landfill in northeastern Japan) were discussed. Nothing else about the sampling methodol-
ogy, such as equipment, procedure, storage conditions, was available.

The analytical methodology is discussed in detail and limit of detection is only provided as an approximate
range.

The parent chemical is measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Medium

Samples were collected from landfills in northeastern and central Japan.

No sampling date was provided but the publication year was 1995.

Five samples from 5 locations (one from each location) were collected with no replicates.

The exposure scenario was briefly described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
Low

Individual and raw data was provided with no summary statistics.
QA/QC was not directly discussed but implied.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was no discussion on variability/uncertainty but variability is seen in media studied.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 266 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469544

Study Citation:	Suehring, R., Diamond, M. L., Scheringer, M., Wong, F., Pucko, M., Stern, G., Burt, A., Hung, H., Fellin, P., Li, H., Jantunen, L. M. (2016).

Organophosphate esters in Canadian Arctic air: Occurrence, levels and trends. Environmental Science and Technology 50:7409.

HERO ID:	5469544

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

Information describing how samples were stored is missing.
The instrument detection limits were reported instead of the LOD.
Parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Canadian artic area.

Sampled were collected in 2007-2013.

Large amount of samples are listed in SI table S5, but only few have replicates.

Transport of chemicals are relevant. However, the study doesn't mention how this is relevant to exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Individual points and summary statistics were detailed were detailed in the study and in SI table S5.
Blanks and recoveries were mentioned and detailed in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There were no limitations. There is variation in the areas sampled.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 267 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469582

Study Citation:	Yasuhara, A. (1994). DETERMINATION OF TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE IN LEACHATES FROM LANDFILLS BY CAPILLARY

GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY USING FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION. lournal of Chromatography A 684:366-369.

HERO ID:	5469582

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

Low
High

N/A

Authors only discussed where standards were purchased and sample site characteristics.

Extraction and analytical methods are provided in the Materials and Samples section. Detection limits are
available in Results and Discussion.

Study measured TCEP in leachates form landfills.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Medium

Samples were conducted in Japan.

The date of data collection was not provided. Study was published in 1994
Four samples were collected with no replicates.

Not many details were provided about exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data are presented in Table 1 with no summary statistics.
Recovery and blank results were discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No limitations or characterization of variance were provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 268 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469670

Study Citation:	Luongo, G., Oestman, C. (2016). Organophosphate and phthalate esters in settled dust from apartment buildings in Stockholm. Indoor Air 26:414-425.

HERO ID:	5469670

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 11 Sampling Methodology	Medium	Sampling of indoor dust on tops of shelves and furniture as well as indoor air was described. Some criteria

were not mentioned like sample storage conditions (may be listed in a referenced study, Bergh et al. (2010,
2011a,b, 2012)).

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium	Some analytic methodology criteria details were not mentioned, such as instrument calibration (but may be

described in a referenced study). LOD's were reported.

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	Sampling was conducted for parent chemicals of interest in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

Medium

Sampling was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden
Data was collected in 2008

Indoor dust samples were collected in 2008 from 62 apartments in 19 different buildings in the Stockholm
city area at a height of 0.8 meters from surfaces of furniture and frames of windows and doors. Indoor air
sampling was conducted for 24-hours with duplicate active air samples positioned within a central location in
each apartment on the same day as dust sampling.

Source of exposure and population exposed were detailed. There were no exposure controls used.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data was reported in Table SI. Some summary statistics included 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile,
and range. Detection frequencies were reported.

QC details were described and included laboratory blanks. Standard reference materials were utilized for
quality control samples. Baseline, pre-exposure sampling was not conducted.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

No limitations were described. Variations in toddler and adult exposure was studied.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 269 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469762

Study Citation:	Giorgino, M. J., Rasmussen, R. B., Pfeifle, C. M. (2007). Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in selected surface-water supplies, Triangle

Area of North Carolina, 2002-2005. Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5054 :29.

HERO ID:	5469762

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

USGS study with information on the sampling sites following established protocols and procedures.
Analytical methods reported in the laboratory analysis section, the reporting level is in table 3.
The parent chemical is measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

High

Samples were collected in 8 sites of the Triangle Area, North Carolina, USA.

Samples collected from October 2002 to July 2005.

A total of 42 samples were collected. Sample replicates reported in appendix 2.

The study evaluates the occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in surface-water supplies.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Table 3 reports summary of statistics. Raw data reported in appendix 2.

The study reports the use of laboratory and field QA/QC. The information is reported in the Quality Assurance
section.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability reported in terms of the range, limitations were reported for the number of samples that were ana-
lyzed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 270 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469782

Study Citation:	He, C., Covaci, A., Heffernan, A. L., Baduel, C., Harden, F. A., Mueller, J. F., Toms, L. M. L., Nele Van Den, E., Hobson, P., Thai, P., Wang, X., Li, Y.

(2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters: Concentrations and age trends in Australian children. Environment International 111:124-130.
HERO ID:	5469782

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
High

Sample collection was undertaken using a methodology describedpreviously (Heffernan et al., 2016).

The LOD was provided, and the analytical methods are reported in section 2.4.

The study evaluates BCEP in urine samples. This metric is not applicable for breastmilk, air and dust.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Australia.

Data collection started December 2014 through December 2015.

No replicate samples. Some scenarios have as low as 3 samples.

The study evaluates the concentrations and age trends in Australian children in different media.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data is not provided. Some information reported in a figure.

The study reports a section with QA/QC with internal materials, accuracy and methods blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited information provided on limitations; variability not characterized (no standard deviation or variance
reported).

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 271 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469881

Study Citation:	Aston, L. S., Noda, J., Seiber, J. N., Reece, C. A. (1996). Organophosphate flame retardants in needles of Pinus ponderosa in the Sierra Nevada

foothills. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57:859-866.

HERO ID:	5469881

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling sites and samples were adequately described.
Analytical method was described in detail.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Low

Low

Samples were collected in Sierra Nevada.

Samples were collected from 1993-1994.

There were 4 trees per site.

The exposure scenario of pine needles to receptor of concern was unclear.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

A single value from each composite sample was reported in Table 2.
Recoveries 42 to 74% performed in triplicate, but quality not discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability and uncertainty was not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 272 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5469991

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Wang, D., Wang, P., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhu, C., Sun, H., Matsiko, 1., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Meng, W., Zhang, Q., liang, G. (2019). Temporal variations

of PM2.5-bound organophosphate flame retardants in different microenvironments in Beijing, China, and implications for human exposure. Science of

the Total Environment 666:226-234.

5469991

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Low
N/A

The sampling methodology for indoor and outdoor air sampling is clear, appropriate and similar to widely
accepted protocols for the chemical and media of interest. All pertinent sampling information is provided in the
data source or companion source.

Analytical methodology was reported in detail. Individual LODs were not reported, however LODs were
reported as a range within the text.

The study is testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media (air).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

Medium

Geographic location is reported as Beijing, China.

The sampling period was from March 2016 to February 2017, except January 2017 (holiday).

The sampling approach accurately captures variability of environmental contamination in population/scenario/
media of interest. The study used a large sample size, replicate samples, and sampling occurred over a suffi-
cient period of time (one year) to characterize seasonal trends.

The data likely represent the relevant exposure scenario (i.e., population/scenario/media of interest). One
or more key pieces of information may not be described as for outdoor samples, the study did not describe
the setting (industrial, residential, etc.), but the deficiencies are unlikely to have a substantial impact on the
characterization of the exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Supplementary or raw data (i.e., individual data points) are not reported , and therefore summary statistics of
median, mean, minimum and maximum cannot be reproduced. Frequency of detection was reported in Table 1.
The study applied quality assurance/quality control measures and all pertinent quality assurance information is
provided in the data source or companion source. Baseline pre-exposure sampling was not detailed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability in indoor environment type was reported across sampling within activity rooms, dormitories, homes
and offices. Potential seasonal variation was detailed. Associations of concentrations with indoor environment
furnishing density and air exchange rates were explored. Results were compared with previous studies, but a
robust discussion of potential study limitations is lacking.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 273 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5470119

Study Citation:	Chokwe, T. B., Okonkwo, J. O. (2019). Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers

in sediment samples along the Vaal River catchment, South Africa. Emerging Contaminants 5:173-178.

HERO ID:	5470119

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

The sampling methodology for sediment samples is described in detail and pertinent sampling information is
provided. Duration of sample storage prior to analysis is lacking.

The analytical methodology is described in detail and extraction methods and instrumental analysis were
described. Detailed LOD and LOQ data are presented in Table SI.

The chemicals of interest were measured in sediment samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

Medium

Samples were obtained from the Vaal River catchment, South Africa.

Sediment samples were collected between October and December 2017.

A total of n=16 (Table 2) sediment samples were collected between October and December of 2017 from 16
sites and triplicate samples were obtained at each site with one sample collected in the middle of the river and
two samples from each side of the river banks. Sampling sites were selected as representative of three typical
industrialized and urbanized regions.

Sediment samples were taken from Vaal River catchment, South Africa. Microclimate information for region
was presented in text as average temperature range. Exposure sources from Vaal River tributaries influenc-
ing the pollution of the area were described and included effluents from industrial and domestic wastewater
treatment works, agricultural runoffs, textile manufacturing and mining industries as well as rapid economic
development and urbanization. Use of exposure controls was not detailed.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual raw data points were not reported. Statistical summary measures within Tables 1 and S2 included
mean, median and range of concentrations. Detection frequencies were provided in Table 1.

Quality assurance was documented in Section 2.5 and Table SI and included use of laboratory blanks, stan-
dards and reported recoveries within acceptable ranges for chemicals of interest. Use of baseline, pre-exposure
sampling was not detailed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Results were compared with previously published studies, but there was limited discussion of uncertainties and
potential study limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 274 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5470172

Study Citation:	Chen, Y., Fang, J., Ren, L., Fan, R., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Zhou, L., Chen, D., Yu, Y., Lu, S. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters in

children in South China: Concentrations, profiles and estimated daily intake. Environmental Pollution 235:358-364.

HERO ID:	5470172

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Medium
High

Sampling methodology not described in full, sample storage provided, sample handling after collection de-
scribed.

Instrumentation provided, and analytical settings. LOD were mentioned and assessed but not reported.

The metabolite (BCEP) in urine is known to have an accurate and precise quantitative relationship with the
external exposure.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples collected in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China.

Samples collected in September 2015.

411 samples collected but no replicates. Total of 411 children of various ages and locations.
The study evaluates children's biomonitoring data, urine samples and metabolites.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

The raw data is not available, table 1 reports summary of statistics including median, mean, SD, 5th percentile,
95th percentile and range.

The study reports recovery, field blanks, method blanks and other QC parameters.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limitations are not reported, variability reported as SD, and comparison between locations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 275 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5499542

Study Citation:	Gustavsson, J., Wiberg, K., Ribeli, E., Nguyen, M. A., Josefsson, S., Ahrens, L. (2018). Screening of organic flame retardants in Swedish river water.

Science of the Total Environment 625:1046-1055.

HERO ID:	5499542

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methodology and site characteristics are well described.

Sampling methodology are well described. MDLs are reported in Supporting Information.
Biomarker of exposure was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Low

High

Samples were collected in Sweden.

Sampling was conducted in October 2013.

Spatial variability was well characterized, but all samples were collected at one time point with no replicates.
Study site and potential sources were well characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data and summary statistics are reported in supporting information.
Study applied quality control measures and no issues were identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

There was limited discussion about uncertainty and limitations. There is some variability measured in river
locations and population density.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 276 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5562397

Study Citation:	Bastiaensen, M., Malarvannan, G., Been, F., Yin, S., Yao, Y., Huygh, J., Clotman, K., Schepens, T., Jorens, P. G., Covaci, A. (2019). Metabolites of

phosphate flame retardants and alternative plasticizers in urine from intensive care patients. Chemosphere 233:590-596.

HERO ID:	5562397

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Details in sampling methodology missing such as equipment and storages

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology is described, including analytical instrumentation and scientifically appropriate for the
chemical and media analyzed. LOQ is reported.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The parent chemical was measured in urine.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Belgium.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Timing of sample collection for monitoring data is not reported, discussed, or referenced. However, it is refer-
enced in one of the authors' publication in 2015 (Huygh et al., 2015).

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

18 samples were collected.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Exposure to phosphate flame retardants and alternative plasticizers through various medical devices.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Limited raw data provided for experimental group and no raw data available for control group. Summary of
statistics in table 2.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Low

There is limited information regarding the QA/QC procedures.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Bonferroni correction (p-value) applied to reduce false positive result but SD is not included and limited dis-
cussion on the uncertainly.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 277 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5576453

Study Citation:	Polyakova, O. V., Artaev, V. B., Lebedev, A. T. (2018). Priority and emerging pollutants in the Moscow rain. Science of the Total Environment

645:1126-1134.

HERO ID:	5576453

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

Low
N/A

Sampling methods were described in detail. Sample preparation was carried out according to the US EPA
8270D Method.

Analytical methods were sufficiently described. LOD not reported.

Parent chemical measured in rainwater.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples collected in Moscow.

The samples were collected in the period between April 7 and May 15, 2017.
8 rain samples collected. No replicates mentioned.

Ambient samples of rainwater collected in 2 locations in Moscow.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Raw data reported.

Key QA reported including use of blanks and recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

No limitations or variability mentioned.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 278 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5664394

Study Citation:	Launay, M. A., Dittmer, U., Steinmetz, H. (2016). Organic micropollutants discharged by combined sewer overflows - Characterisation of pollutant

sources and stormwater-related processes. Water Research 104:82-92.

HERO ID:	5664394

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Wastewater collected during dry weather; 24 hr composite samples collected from WWTP influent; grab sam-
ples collected from surface water along the river. Samples are homogenized samples including dissolved and
particulate matter. Fig 1 depicts locations.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Samples analyzed by GC-MS; detailed information about analysis and detection and quantification limits
provided in SI.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected in SW Stuttgart, Germany.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Samples collected in February and July 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Winter and summer samples included 24 hr composite samples at the WWTP influent (n=9); grab samples at 4
river location for 9 days and at 5 locations along river following 4 CSO events.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Exposure source is urban catchment; WWTP and surface water; combined sewer overflow (Section 2.1)

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Fig 2b depicts concentration in WWTP influent and CSO samples; raw data provided in SI.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

Blank samples were analyzed; QA/QC was discussed in SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Compared data to other studies; discussed variability due to rainfall events. Additional info potentially in SI.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 279 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5740077

Study Citation:	Stachel, B., Jantzen, E., Knoth, W., Kruger, F., Lepom, P., Oetken, M., Reincke, H., Sawal, G., Schwartz, R., Uhlig, S. (2005). The Elbe flood in August

2002-organic contaminants in sediment samples taken after the flood even. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous
Substances & Environmental Engineering 40:265-287.

HERO ID:	5740077

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Low
N/A

Fine-grained, aerobic sediments collected from upper sediment layer using bottom grab or a spatula; little flow
activity.

Extraction with acetone, GC-FPD; not discussed further. Min <1 indicated LOQ is 1.0.

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
Medium

High

Samples collected from river Elbe in Central Europe (Czech Republic to Germany).

Samples collected from September 8 - 16, 2002.

Fig 1 depicts sampling sites on the river and mouths of tributaries. There were 37 sampling sites along the
river; 11 in Czech Republic and 26 in Germany.

Sediments from one of the major rivers in central Europe characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Table 1 provides range and median; Fig 6 shows concentrations levels; further summary statistics not provided.
QA/QC was not discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Characterization of variability and uncertainty was absent.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 280 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5743010

Study Citation:	Loraine, G. A., Pettigrov, M. E. (2006). Seasonal Variations in Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Drinking Water and

Reclaimed Wastewater in Southern California. Environmental Science and Technology 40:687-695.

HERO ID:	5743010

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Low
N/A

Detailed sampling methodology is discussed.

The LODs are mentioned but not reported. The recoveries are not reported and the MDLs are reported.
Water was sampled for biomarkers of exposure.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low
High

Medium

Samples were collected in California, USA.

Sampling was conducted in 2001-2002.

Sampling was conducted with 4-5 samples per plant from 4 plants and no replicates.

Data may represent a relevant exposure scenario. The methods provide limited details on exposure assessment
and population of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

The reporting of results included only the summary statistics.
QC/QC issues are only briefly discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Key uncertainties, study limitations and data gaps are not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 281 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5755270

Study Citation:	Dodson, R. E., Udesky, J. O., Colton, M. D., Mccauley, M., Camann, D. E., Yau, A. Y., Adamkiewicz, G., Rudel, R. A. (2017). Chemical exposures in

recently renovated low-income housing: Influence of building materials and occupant activities. Environment International 109:114-127.

HERO ID:	5755270

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling methods are standard SOPs and are detailed in the paper and the SI.
MRLs are tabulated. The paper and SI adequately discuss methodology.
Testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
High

Medium

Samples were collected in Boston, MA.

Samples were collected from 2013-2014.

10 pre-occupancy and > 25 post-occupancy samples were collected. Duplicates were collected.
Information on potential chemical use not discussed beyond describing the measured concentrations.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Summary statistics were reported, but no raw data were reported (unless provided in the SI).
The QAQC discussion was adequate.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

There was sufficient discussion on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 282 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5821282

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Hart, R. J., Taylor, H. E., Antweiler, R. C., Fisk, G. G., Anderson, G. M., Roth, D. A., Flynn, M. E., Peart, D. B., Truini, M., Barber, L. B. (2005).
Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell,
Arizona and Utah. U.S. Geological Survey : 116.

5821282

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

USGS report; bed-material samples from selected beach areas (fig 1); all samples were collected below the
water line (p. 9); 300 g wet sediment collected by inserting an HN03-cleaned 3-cm diameter by 30-cm long
polystyrene tube into the sediment; chilled at less than 5C

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Low

Continuous liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride; GC/MS; p. 11; calibration curves for instrumental
determinations were established; based on Table 12 seems LDL is 0.5 ug/L.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons of Lake Powell in Arizona and Utah.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Samples collected in summers of 2001 and 2002.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

High

More than 10 samples over 4 sampling trips (May 15-17, 2001; September 5-7, 2001; May 20-22, 2002;
September 9-12, 2002); refer to Fig 1 and Table 12.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

2 and 3 million people visit Glen Canyon National Recreation Area each year; high usage; sites selected to
represent camping or other recreational activity use.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Raw data reported in Table 12 (p.1 and 2); no other summary statistics provided.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Medium

Accuracy established by analysis of standard reference materials (primary sediment reference material used
was NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2704 Buffalo River Sediment) (p. 14)

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited reference to level of contaminants in other studies; nothing chemical specific.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 283 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5904178

Study Citation:	Environmental Agency (lapan), (1981). An environmental survey report ol the environmental monitoring ol chemicals. :.

HERO ID:	5904178

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Critically Deficient
Critically Deficient
N/A

Sampling methodology not described.

Analytical methodology not described.

The parent chemical was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Low

Critically Deficient
Medium

Samples were collected in Japan.

Sampling began in 1975
Sample size was not reported.

The study is missing details about the population and microenvironment of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Individual sample concentrations were reported, there is not a summary statistics.
The main QA/QC techniques were not discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study doesn't report a measure of variance or limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Uninformative





Page 284 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 5918412

Study Citation:	Zeng, X., Hu, Q., He, L., Liu, Z., Gao, S., Yu, Z. (2018). Occurrence, distribution and ecological risks of organophosphate esters and synthetic musks

in sediments from the Hun River. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 160:178-183.

HERO ID:	5918412

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
Medium
N/A

The sampling procedures were outlined, but sample storage duration was not reported.
The analytical methods were reported, the LOD was mentioned but not reported.
Parent chemical measured in sediment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Hun River, China.

Samples were collected in July 2010.

40 surface sediment (0"5 cm) samples were collected, but no replicate samples.
Samples taken from Hun River.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

No individual data points reported. Table 1 reports concentration range.
Section 2.4. reports quality assurance and quality control.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion of uncertainties, variability reported in terms of range.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 285 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6813729

Study Citation:	Brits, M., Brandsma, S. H., Rohwer, E. R., De Vos, J., Weiss, J. M., de Boer, J. (2019). Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in South

African indoor dust and cat hair. Environmental Pollution 253:120-129.

HERO ID:	6813729

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Methods including sampling site, equipment, and pretreatment were described.
Analytical methods were described. LOQ was reported in SI.

Parent chemical measured in environment.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Low

High

Samples were collected in Pretoria, South Africa.

Samples were collected in 2018.

Only one sample was collected for V-dust, F-dust, and C-hair for most houses. Some houses don't have F-dust
or C-hair samples.

Data represent exposure to dust and pet hair.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

Some summary statistics reported and individual data reported in in S1.
QC section details recoveries and samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability in exposure estimation between toddlers and adults discussed. There is mention of limitation of
study size.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 286 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6815979

Study Citation:	Li, H. L., Liu, L. Y., Zhang, Z. F., Ma, W. L., Sverko, E., Zhang, Z., Song, W. W., Sun, Y., Li, Y. F. (2019). Semi-volatile organic compounds in infant

homes: Levels, influence factors, partitioning, and implications for human exposure. Environmental Pollution 251:609-618.

HERO ID:	6815979

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methodology were provided and described, including sampling procedure, equipment, storage, and
matrix characteristics.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

Analytical methodology was provided and briefly described. Samples were Soxhlet extracted and analyzed
using GC-MS.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The analyte measured is the TSCA chemical.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

The samples were collected in China.

Metric 5:

Currency

Medium

Data were collected from December 2013 to March 2014.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

25 air samples, 25 dust samples, and 18 window filmsamples were collected. No replicate data were collected.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The samples were collected in indoor environment, which represent the exposure of anyone who comes into
contact with these home environment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics including median, mean, and standard deviation were reported.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

Analytical QA/QC were reported. The recoveries in this study ranged from 64.1% to 132% . All the SVOC
concentrations in real samples were corrected with blanks and recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Some sources of variability and uncertainty were discussed and significance values were reported (p values).

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 287 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6816026

Study Citation:	Maceira, A., Pecikoza, I., Marc6, R. M., Borrull, F. (2020). Multi-residue analysis of several high-production-volume chemicals present in the

particulate matter from outdoor air. A preliminary human exposure estimation. Chemosphere 252:126514.

HERO ID:	6816026

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
High
N/A

Sampling sites are adequately described.

QFF filters are adequately described.

Not applicable for parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

Samples were collected in Catalonia, Spain.

Samples were collected from September 2018 - February 2019.

12 samples were collected at each sampling point (PM10).

Samples collected at two sites influenced by different industrialactivities.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Only summary stats reported, raw data not reported.
QA reported on blanks, standard controls, and repeatability.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Repeatability and reproducibility (inter day and intra day precision) was reported (RSD <11%).

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 288 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6957526

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Araki, A., Bamai, Y. A., Bastiaensen, M., Van den Eede, N., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Miyashita, C., Itoh, S., Goudarzi, H., Konno, S., Covaci, A.,
Kishi, R. (2020). Combined exposure to phthalate esters and phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers and their associations with wheeze and allergy
symptoms among school children. Environmental Research 183:109212.

6957526

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

Medium

Sample storage duration was not reported. The study cites a different published work for full details on sam-
pling methodology.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Low

The study reports little more than the type of instrumentation used and a description of how the LOQ was
calculated. The study cites a different published work for full details on analytical methodology.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

The study evaluates the parent chemical in urine samples.

Domain 2: Representativeness







Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Study was conducted among elementary school children inSapporo, Japan.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

No sampling date is provided, but a publication date is available." Also, the articles indicates (reference pro-
vided) that details on the collection of samples have been reported elsewhere.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

The study is not clear if urine samples were 24 hrs samples collected (vs first morning).

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The study did not discussed product/chemical use in the building or building characteristics. The article often
cites that details on collection of samples were reported in other studies.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

Medium

Individual data points were not reported. Several summary statistics were reported, including min, 25th per-
centile, 50th percentile, 75th percentile, and max.

Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

Low

Urine sample specific gravity and osmolality were not reported. Quality control/quality assurance was not
discussed.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study includes a discussion of its limitations. No measure of variance is reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 289 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6966453

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Schmidt, N., Castro-Jimenez, J., Fauvelle, V., Ourgaud, M., Sempere, R. (2020). Occurrence of organic plastic additives in surface waters of the Rhone

River (France). Environmental Pollution 257:113637.

6966453

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology was well described, including sampling procedure, sampling storage, study site charac-
teristics.

Analytical methodologies were well described. LOQ range was reported in paper, all LODs and LOQs may be
reported in SI.

The analyte was measured in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
High

High

Samples were collected from the Rhone River, France.

Samples were collected fromMay 2017 to April 2018.

Samples were collected in duplicate over the course of a year.

Site and potential sources were well characterized. Data represented exposure to anyone who comes into
contact with these rivers.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Raw data were not reported. Several summary statistics were reported, including min, max, median, mean, and
standard deviation.

The study applied quality assurance measures and no issues were identified. Recovery rates were reported for
individual analytes.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The study characterized variability, fluxes, and other sources to the Rhone River. The study described other
potential sources that might result in underestimation of the concentrations of analytes in the river.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 290 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6968217

Study Citation:	Shin, H., Moschet, C., Young, T. M., Bennett, D. H. (2019). Measured concentrations of consumer product chemicals in California house dust:

Implications for sources, exposure, and toxicity potential. Indoor Air 30:60-75.

HERO ID:	6968217

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium
High
N/A

Method for recruiting the 38 households not explained.

Standard LC and GC protocols were described and LODs were reported.

Testing for the parent chemical in an environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

Medium

Samples were collected in Northern California.
Samples were collected in 2015-2016.
No replicates were reported among 38 samples.

Limited information on chemical use.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics were reported.

No discussion of QA/QC although standard protocols were used. No discussion of recoveries.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some uncertainties and limitations are discussed in the section entitled "Overview and scope of this study".

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 291 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6992056

Study Citation:	Evenset A, abrielsen G. W. (2009). Screening of new contaminants in samples from the Norwegian Arctic: Silver, platinum, sucralose, bisphenol A,

tetrabrombisphenol A, siloxanes, phtalates (DEHP), phosphororganic flame retardants. Akvaplan-niva rapport, no. 4351-1 :.

HERO ID:	6992056

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

The sampling methodology is clear and appropriate. All relevant details are included. Method is described on
pages 15 to 20.

The analytical methodology is clear and appropriate. Limits of detection are provided in each table.

Study is testing parent chemical presence in the muscle of fish, whole fish, and liver of seabirds.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High
Medium
Medium

Low

Samples were taken in the Norwegian Arctic, in the Barents Sea and around Spitsbergen.

Samples were collected in 2004 and 2008.

Number of samples varies by media; however, all scenarios have at least three samples. Sediment, fish and
birds have at least 6 samples for chemicals of interest. Replicates are not reported.

The exposure scenario is not well characterized. Few details on the route of exposure are given.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Low

Raw data is presented in Table 16.

QA/QC measures were not discussed and issues were not identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Characterization of variability is absent. No standard deviations or coefficients of variance were provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 292 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 6994279

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Bohlin-Nizzetto, P., Aas, W., Nikiforov, V. (2019). Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Air and Precipitation, 2018. Report M-1419 :
6994279

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

High	Air samples were collected using high volume air samplers. All important details were reported and the

methodology was scientifically sound.

Low	Samples were spiked with internal standards, extracted, and quantified using UPLC-MSMS. All important

details were reported and the methodology is scientifically sound. However, while LOD and LOQ were refer-
enced throughout the report, the specific values of these limits were not reported.

N/A	This study was testing for the chemical of interest in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Metric 7: Exposure Scenario

High
High
Medium

High

Samples were collected in Norway.

Samples were collected in 2017-2018.

Active air samples were collected over on a weekly basis over the course of a year. The number of samples per
year was reported to be compound and site specific, between 12 and 52, but not explicitly reported for each
compound. Further, use of replicates was not reported.

Air samples were well characterized and highly relevant for possible exposure.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:
Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data were not reported. Summary statistics included detection frequency and mean concentrations.

Medium	Analyses were carried out by N1LU laboratories, which were accredited in accordance with NS-EN1SO/1EC

17025. QC measures included field and lab blank samples, but were not further explained.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Variability was characterized qualitatively over time. There was brief discussion of uncertainty inherent in

the more newly developed procedures for "organic contaminants of emerging concern," but was not further
explained.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 293 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 7002451

Study Citation:

Heimstad, E.

S., Nygard, T., Herzke, D., Bohlin-Nizzetto, P. (2019). Environmental Pollutants in the Terrestrial and Urban Environment, 2018. Report

HERO ID:

M-1402
7002451







Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology

High

Sampling methodology included location, number of samples, date and sampling strategy were reported in
section 2.1 and tables 2,3,4, and 5. Coordinates were reported in Appendix 2.



Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

High

LOD was reported in appendix 1, page 164 for a range of matrices. Analytical methodology for OPFR was
reported in page 36.



Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

Analysis of TCEP was conducted in a range of environmental samples including soil, eggs and biological
media.

Domain 2: Representativeness









Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Data were collected in Norway. Location coordinates were reported in Appendix 2.



Metric 5:

Currency

High

Samples collected in 2018.



Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Number of samples per media were reported in table 2. The number of samples ranged from 5 to 10. Sample
replicates were only reported for analytical methods.



Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

Analysis was conducted for next 20 chemicals in several trophic levels of a terrestrial food web in Norway.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity









Metric 8:

Reporting of Results

High

Individual data points were reported in appendix 1. Summary data of OPFR were reported in table 16 (mean,
min and max). Detection rate was reported in table 6.



Metric 9:

Quality Assurance

High

QA was well described in page 36, the study used SRM, laboratory blanks, procedural blanks, replicates and
field blanks.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty









Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Recommendations for continuing the monitoring program were reported in page 104. Sample variability for
TCEP was not reported since concentrations were 
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 7002468

Study Citation:	Norwegian Environment, Agency (2019). Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Freshwater Ecosystems 2018 - Occurrence and Biomagnifi-

cation. Report M-1411
HERO ID:	7002468

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology
Analytical Methodology

Biomarker Selection

High
Medium

N/A

The sampling methodology, including equipment, location and time, is reported in section 2.1 on page 2

Analytical methodology for PFR is reported on page 24 in section 2.2.6. LOD is reported in appendix A (raw
data for 2018).

Concentrations of TCEP was measured in zooplankton, Mysis, E.smelt, Vendance and Brown trout.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High

High
Medium

High

Samples was collected in Lake Mjosa and Lake Femunden in Norway. Location coordinates isi reported in

table 1 and table 2.

Samples were collected in 2018.

Number of samples ranged from 3-15 and there were no sample replicates.

TBBPA concentrations in a freshwater ecosystems in two large lakes in Norway. One lake had several sources
of contamination including urban, industrial, wastewater treatment plans and agricultural. The other did not
have any important contamination sources.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8:

Metric 9:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
Medium

Raw data is reported in appendix A. Summary of statistics is reported in figure 23 and detection frequency is
reported in table 4.

The study doesn't report clear QA/QC procedures, but it can be implied by the use of standardized methods by
the Norwegian Institute for Water Research.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 10:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Key limitations are not reported and there variability for TCEP are not reported due to the low detection fre-
quency.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 295 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 7002475

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Norwegian Environment, Agency (2019). Environmental contaminants in an urban fjord, 2018. M-1441 :.
7002475



Domain

Metric Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High
Low

N/A

Table 1 gives an overview of the samples collected, matrix, locality, frequency and No. for analysis.

PFR analysis reported in section 2.2.8 page 27. LOD are not reported, but section 2.2.8 describes the method
that was used to calculate the LOD.

TCEP was measured in effluent water and sludge.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Geographic Area
Currency

Spatial and Temporal
Variability
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples collected in Oslofjord, Oslo, Norway. Figure 1 A and B reports the sample location.

High	Sampling was conducted in 2018.

Low	No sample replicates reported, 2 sludge samples and 2 effluent water.

High	Monitoring of the anthropogenic chemicals discharged into a fjord system and the implications on the fjord

ecosystem, including food web, water and sediment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting of Results

Metric 9: Quality Assurance

Low	Raw data is not reported, data reported as the mean of two samples in figure 34. Most of the data for TCEP is

reported as a sum of PFR.

Low	Recoveries are not reported, the laboratories that conducted the study was not accredited for the analysis of

PFRs but followed the QA/QC requirements.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Variability reported in terms of matrices, key limitations not reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 296 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Monitoring	HERO ID: 7296058

Study Citation:	Heimstad, E. S., Nygard, T., Herzke, D., Bohlin-Nizzetto, P. (2018). Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment, 2017. Report

M-1076 :.

HERO ID:	7296058

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

High	All sample collection (air, soil, terrestrial biota) included adherence to a publicly available SOP that is scien-

tifically sound and widely accepted, "Guidelines for field work in connection with environmental monitoring"
(JAMP; OSPAR, 2009).

Low	Samples were analyzed by accredited laboratories (NINA, NIVA, and NILU), so it is assumed that scientifically

sound analytical methods were conducted. Procedures are described on pages 36-39. However, while LOD and
LOQ are referenced throughout the report, the specific values for these limits are not stated.

N/A	The study tested for the parent chemical in environmental media (air, soil, terrestrial biota).

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples were collected in Oslo, Norway.

Metric 5:

Currency

High

The samples were collected in 2017 (June to September).

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal
Variability

Medium

Air, soil, and terrestrial biota samples were collected from up to 10 locations in Oslo, Norway. Number of
samples for each sample type ranged from 3 to 10, and specific sample number and sampling strategy (e.g.,
pooled vs. individual) are reported for each. However, use of replicates was not reported.

Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

This study collected air, soil, and terrestrial biota samples from well documented areas around Oslo, Norway to

characterize concentrations of the chemical of interest in several trophic levels of a terrestrial food web. As a
result, the context of each sample type is well documented and easily extrapolated to other scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Raw data is reported in Appendix 1 pages 196 to 228. Summary statistics were not reported due to low detec-

tion.

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	High	The study applied QA/QC measures" by following international requirements for QA/QC, e.g., recommen-

dations of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the requirements in the European
quality norm EN 17049. Additionally, samples were analyzed by accredited laboratories (NINA, NIVA, and
NILU).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty	Low	Variability is not characterized quantitatively or qualitatively due to low detection levels. Uncertainty is briefly

discussed regarding the application of uptake rates to passive air samplers.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium	

Page 297 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Monitoring

HERO ID: 8683710

Study Citation:	Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in Swedish sewage treatment plants. Environ-

mental Science & Technology 39:7423-7429.

HERO ID:	8683710

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology	High	Sampling methodology is reported including materials, description of sample sites and sampling storage.

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium	Analytical methodology includes sample preparation for both wastewater and sludge, analytical recoveries,

analytical instrumentation, and limits. The limits are only reported as a range for all the chemicals..

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A	The study test parent chemical in environmental media.

Domain 2: Representativeness

Metric 4:

Geographic Area

High

Samples collected in sewage treatment plants of Sweden, the detail location is reported in figure 1 and informa-







tion of each site in table. 1.

Metric 5:

Currency

Low

Samples collected in 2003 as reported in table 1.

Metric 6:

Spatial and Temporal

Low

One weekly composite water sample was collected per site and three composite sludge samples per site.



Variability





Metric 7:

Exposure Scenario

High

The study represents wastewater and sludge from a range of sewage treatment plants of Sweden with a range of

characteristics (table 1).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 8: Reporting Of Results	Medium	Individual data not reported, data reported as the average of two measurements.

Metric 9: Quality Assurance	High	The study follows a high QA/QC including blanks, calibration, reference standards and recoveries..

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty



Metric 10: Variability and Uncertainty

Low Variability is only reported in terms of differences between sites. Limitations of the study reported in terms of



future studies.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 298 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 12782

Study Citation:	Carlsson, H., Nilsson, U., Ostman, C. (2000). Video display units: An emission source of the contact allergenic flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in

the indoor environment. Environmental Science and Technology 34:3885-3889.

HERO ID:	12782

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Low

Medium
N/A

The method was described, and a short-term pilot study was conducted. Some test conditions were docu-
mented. It appears that TCEP was tested but only found in background emissions, so difficult to determine if
all descriptions apply to TCEP.

A description of the extraction methodology and instrumentation was provided. The reporting limit for TCEP
was not specifically mentioned in text but could be same as for other reported analytes.

No biomarker information presented in the study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Testing Scenario

Sample Size and Variability

Temporality

Medium
Medium
Low

The test conditions were fairly well documented and representative of an office environment (computer use &
background), but for a limited set of conditions.

TCEP was reported & discussed for background emissions determinations (n=8). It appears that TCEP was a
target analyte for other parts of study but was not mentioned in results.

Authors used "brand new" computer VDUs, but study was published in the year 2000.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
Medium

The raw data was not provided and there was limited summary statistics.
There was some QA/QC described, but not well-documented.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

CV reported for TCEP in background emissions.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 299 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 1676728

Study Citation:	Fang, M., Webster, T. F., Gooden, D., Cooper, E. M., Mcclean, M. D., Carignan, C., Makey, C., Stapleton, H. M. (2013). Investigating a novel flame

retardant known as V6: measurements in baby products, house dust, and car dust. Environmental Science and Technology 47:4449-4454.

HERO ID:	1676728

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

Low
N/A

Little information on sampling methodology but Stapleton et al 2011 probably includes more details since
samples were collected as part of that study.

Method descriptions for baby products/foam are not as robust as for dust matrix.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Testing Scenario

Sample Size and Variability
Temporality

Medium

Medium
Medium

Representative of baby products in US found to contain TCEP, primarily nursing pillows (subset of larger
sample of products).

There were 12 baby product samples analyzed for TCEP.

Samples are from 2009.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Low

Summary statistics provided without raw data.

QA measures were described for V6 in dust matrix but not for TCEP in baby products and foam.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability was provided as standard deviation for data set of 12 products with detected V6. Not representative
of all 101 products initially sampled.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 300 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 1927630

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Kajiwara, N., Noma, Y., Takigami, H. (2011). Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in selected consumer products on the Japanese market

in 2008. Journal of Hazardous Materials 192:1250-1259.

1927630

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The paper describes the sampling methodology; however, the paper does not provide any information about the

sample storage time or conditions.

Medium	The paper does not provide a reference for the analytical method, but it was described in the text. Percent re-

coveries were provided but the paper does not mention method validation. Verification of extraction efficiency
was done for a different analyte. LODs only given for samples with concentrations 
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 1927779

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Saito, I., Onuki, A., Seto, H. (2007). Indoor organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants in Tokyo. Indoor Air 17:28-36.
1927779

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sample storage not discussed. Passive absorption IPA method was used for the apartment migration test.

Sample analysis was done using GC-FPD and GC-AED. The paper describes LODs, recoveries, as spiking of
samples in the QA section.

A biomarker was not used in the study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:

Testing Scenario
Sample Size and Variability

Temporality

Medium
Medium

Low

Building materials and electronic products are relevant scenarios.

Samples consisted of 7 computer monitors and 8 tv sets. Appears to be 1 sample each for migration rate from
wall coverings and ceiling and 2 for flooring.

The electronics were manufactured between 1989 and 2002. The floors and wall coverings are from 2001.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

The average and range were provided for the electronics.

The study included blanks, recovery studies, breakthrough tests, and duplicates. The duplicates were only for
flooring.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

A standard deviation was provided for recovery study (n=3). The study also provided some discussion of
uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 302 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 2345985

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ionas, A. C., Dirtu, A. C., Anthonissen, T., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2014). Downsides of the recycling process: Harmful organic chemicals in children's

toys. Environment International 65:54-62.

2345985

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Sampling methodology described in detail but no citation provided for publicly available, accepted SOPs or
guidelines.

GCMS methodology discussed in detail, with LOQs provided and recovery samples.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Testing Scenario

Sample Size and Variability

Temporality

High
Medium
Medium

Exposure from toys is a relevant scenario, and the delineation of material type, year of production, and country
of production allow for more nuanced consideration of data.

Sample size varies by chemical group and is divided by sample type (hard plastic, wood, etc.); n=50 for phtha-
lates and n=l 14 for PFRs.

Study published in 2014 but the production year of the toys sampled ranges from 1993 to 2012.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Detection frequency, median, 90th% , and maximum concentration reported by chemical in study; median,
mean, and max reported by exposure time and exposure pathway in supplemental file.

Reference materials used and accuracy and precision results reported for the methods used; full method valida-
tion writeup in supplemental file.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Uncertainty discussed in exposure potential; variability addressed through toy types and correlation considera-
tions by different parameters.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 303 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 2648828

Stapleton, H. M., Klosterhaus, S., Keller, A., Ferguson, P., van Bergen, S., Cooper, E., Webster, T. F., Blum, A. (2011). Identification of Flame

Retardants in Polyurethane Foam Collected from Baby Products. Environmental Science and Technology 45:5323-5331.

2648828

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Low	Sampling included used baby products donated and shipped by volunteers. Appropriate procedures were de-

scribed and appear to have been followed but custody questions raised.

Medium	Brief summary and method reference provided for GC/EI-MS followed by HPLC/HRMS. Samples were also

tested by XRF and compared to GC-MS results to evaluate usefulness of XRF for screening. (XRF results are
considered semi-quantitative and are not considered for evaluation).

N/A	A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario
Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability

Metric 6: Temporality

Low	This study provided a survey of a variety of baby products. The donated products reflect use by self-selected

population. The study wasn't designed to be comprehensive for all products, product age, or conditions.

Medium	There was a total of 101 samples, but no replicates. There were >10 samples for most products (e.g., car seats,

nursing pillows, etc.) and 5 samples for a few products. A single sample from each item was collected and
multiple samples for each product type.

Low	The study tested products dated 2000-2010.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7: Reporting of Results	Medium

Metric 8: Quality Assurance	Low

The study did not provide raw data or individual sample concentrations. The data shows which products and
how many samples had concentrations > 1 mg/g foam, as well as mean concentration and a range. The sup-
plemental information shows product information and shows which analytes were detected in each of the 101
individual product samples (but no concentrations.).

The analytical method was followed with a calibration curve and internal standards, but QC samples were not
mentioned.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 9: Variability and Uncertainty	Low	No discussion of characterization of variability and uncertainty, other than variety of product types built in to

sample design. For XRF states that additional research is needed to use it for reliable screening (so only GC-
MS data evaluated).

Overall Quality Determination	Low

Page 304 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 2648833

Study Citation:	Stapleton, H. M., Sharma, S., Getzinger, G., Ferguson, P., Gabriel, M., Webster, T. F., Blum, A. (2012). Novel and High Volume Use Flame Retardants

in US Couches Reflective of the 2005 PentaBDE Phase Out. Environmental Science and Technology 46:13432-13439.

HERO ID:	2648833

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Low

The sampling protocol and sample information is described and well-documented for foam samples from
donated couches. Would be higher but involvement of many volunteers raises some questions.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Medium

The samples were analyzed using a GC/MS method and the method was briefly described. However, the
method was not cited in the study.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative







Metric 4:

Testing Scenario

Medium

Foam samples from a variety of couches purchased in US. Certain criteria were met, but it's a survey involving
volunteers and may not be representative of entire US population.

Metric 5:

Sample Size and Variability

Low

The overall study has 102 samples, but replicate tests were not performed.

Metric 6:

Temporality

Low

The couches were purchased between 1985 and 2010.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 7:

Reporting of Results

Low

The raw data was not reported. An average of 2 concentrations was reported. Limited extractable concentration
data for TCEP in text. In results table, TCEP concentration is reported as a combined concentration with V6.

Metric 8:

Quality Assurance

Low

Standard analytical procedures were followed but limited discussion of QA/QC samples or results were pro-
vided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study did not provide any measures of variability. There was some discussion of limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 305 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 3012534

Study Citation:	La Guardia, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and polyurethane

foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.

HERO ID:	3012534

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Adequate discussion of sampling of foam blocks from gym pits; some description of composite sample ere-

ation.

Medium	Adequate discussion of approved analytical methods for extraction, purification and analysis using UPLC-

APPI/MS. Multiple media are discussed and additional detail found in a prior publication.

N/A	A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario
Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability

Metric 6: Temporality

Medium	Exposure to foam is highly applicable, however, activity level varies.

Medium	Study had a small sample size. Samples 4a-4e samples were in triplicate and sample 2a was as a composite

sample.

High	This study was published in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	Raw data is provided for the foam block (sample 2a). Triplicate averages are provided for the other samples.

The FR composition between each of the six blocks varied substantially.

Medium	The study included triplicate or composite sampling, low percent RSD, and five-point calibration curves con-

structed from analytical standards. A laboratory blank was analyzed with each sample set. All results were
corrected for surrogate recoveries, except where interferences were encountered.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 9: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Small sample size from two gyms does not allow for in-depth discussion. Analysis notes the FR composition
between each of the six blocks varied substantially.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 306 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 3464010

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming pools.

Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

3464010

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: B iomarker S election

Medium	Sample collection and handling were generally appropriate; however, the authors did not mention sample

storage conditions and duration.

Medium	The experimental procedures did not follow a stated method, but the authors claim that their procedures have

been previously validated. The authors describe good calibration results but do not clarify the recovery levels.
N/A	Biomarkers were not relevant to the experiment.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario

Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability

Metric 6: Temporality

Low	The authors do not clarify the temperatures that applied to the soaking portion of the experiment. The authors

speculate that temperature may affect the amount of the chemical that leaches from the product, so it is unclear
to what extent temperature may have been a factor in the results.

Medium	The authors do not clarify how many swimsuits were tested (i.e., one or more than one). In this experiment, a

total of 1 g for swimsuits and 2 g for kickboards samples used and it is speculated that one swim suit and two
kick boards were used. It is acceptable to have a single sample for testing concentrations in a product. The
investigators included triplicate samples for the experiments.

Medium	The source of the tested items is likely current based on the publication date, March 2016. However, the experi-

ment could've been completed 2016 or before.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7: Reporting of Results

Metric 8: Quality Assurance

Medium	It appears that summary statistics are reported in Figure 1. The authors do not specify the source of the value

for the central dot; it can be presumed to be the mean. Also, it is unclear whether these points represent the
results of triplicate samples from one swimsuit or more than one swimsuit.

Medium	The investigators included blanks in the experiments, and the control samples for the swimsuits did not have

detectable levels of the tested chemicals. The authors mention accounting for incomplete recoveries but do not
present results of the tests.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 9: Variability and Uncertainty

Low	The investigators mention that the small sample size limits the applicability of the results to only indications of

the chemical. The authors also speculate that temperature may have an effect on the amount of tested chemical
that would leach out of the swimsuit material. The authors did not clarify the temperature(s) that applied to
the soaking portion of the experiments, so there is also uncertainty associated with that aspect of the tests that
would limit the utility and comparability of the results.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 307 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 4175610

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Miyake, Y., Tokumura, M., Nakayama, H., Wang, Q., Amagai, T., Ogo, S., Kume, K., Kobayashi, T., Takasu, S., Ogawa, K., Kannan, K. (2017).

Simultaneous determination of brominated and phosphate flame retardants in flame-retarded polyester curtains by a novel extraction method. Science

of the Total Environment 601-602:1333-1339.

4175610

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	Sampling methods and key parameters are detailed but not all conditions are provided.

Medium	Methods and instrumentation described in detail, recoveries of 91 to 121% for BFRs and 82 to 122% for PFRs,

calculation of LOQ given but not LOD.

N/A	Biomarker was not used.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario

Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability
Metric 6: Temporality

Medium	Flame-retarded curtains are a consumer product that could reasonably create an exposure scenario, but the 40

curtains sampled may be specific to the Japanese market.

Low	There were 40 samples taken per chemical (one for each curtain), no replicates.

Medium	Curtains sampled are from those available on the market in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	The supplemental information tile provides raw concentration for curtain samples by chemical but no summary

statistics. Only five compounds were detected in all samples.

Medium	QA/QC discussed and addressed with recovery tests with fortified blank samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some variability discussed in the curtain types and differences between the proposed method and dissolution
method; some uncertainties discussed in the lack of quantifiable data, positing novel compounds.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 308 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 4442465

Study Citation:	Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measurements of parameters controlling the emissions of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor environ-

ments. Environmental Science and Technology 52:5821-5829.

HERO ID:	4442465

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Sampling methodology is scientifically sound and was cited in text.

Analytical methodology is scientifically sound and was fully described.
A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Metric 6:

Testing Scenario
Sample Size and Variability

Temporality

Medium
Medium

High

Chamber study so microenvironment was controlled. Authors included three types of tests to compare results.

Microchamber test was conducted twice; Diffusive Sampling Test - samples were taken at three positions at
various times generating three sets of data.

Tested items appear to be current.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
High

Additional information is reported in the supplemental file, but raw data was not provided.
Paper describes the quality assurance project plan and included duplicate samples.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Paper identifies and describes variability and uncertainty. Uncertainties are unlikely to have substantial impact
on the results.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 309 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 4731349

Study Citation:	Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J. (2001). Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment-an inter-laboratory

exposure study. Indoor Air 11:145-149.

HERO ID:	4731349

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Low

Minimal discussion on the sampling methodology utilized to sample household items suspected of contributing
to household dust concentrations.

Metric 2:

Analytical Methodology

Low

Utilized three different laboratories for analytical testing. A representative procedure previously described in
detail in another publication is only briefly outlined here. Different extraction agents and extraction methods
between the three labs. Table 1 briefly shows 4.6-4.9 LODs.

Metric 3:

Biomarker Selection

N/A

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative







Metric 4:

Testing Scenario

Medium

Relevant exposure scenario but minimally discussed.

Metric 5:

Sample Size and Variability

Low

Because of the corroborating indoor dust monitoring data, and the section on "other materials" on page 146
describing the materials analysis, consider the 'spot check" analysis to be a sample size of 1.

Metric 6:

Temporality

Low

This paper was published in the year 2000.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 7:

Reporting of Results

Low

Table 4 gives maximum concentrations of potential sources of TCEP. The study lacks representative data for
each type of material tested. The highest TCEP concentration found in a given specimen by one of the three
laboratories is shown. The number of samples tested was not reported for each category.

Metric 8:

Quality Assurance

Low

Minimal discussion on quality assurance. Table 1 provides extraction procedures and results of an internal
quality control experiment (mg/kg).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The study provided minimal to no discussion of the housing materials. A brief reference was mentioned to
surface area of materials tested and corresponding air concentrations.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 310 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 5165777

Study Citation:	Lazarov, B., Swinnen, R., Spruyt, M., Maes, F., Van Campenhout, K., Goelen, E., Covaci, A., Stranger, M. (2015). Air sampling of flame retardants

based on the use of mixed-bed sorption tubes-a validation study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:18221-18229.

HERO ID:	5165777

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High

High
N/A

Air sampling methodology was well-described in the data source, including sampling equipment, sampler
performance, storage, and method validation results.

Analytical and extraction methodology was well-described in the data source, including analytical instrumenta-
tion, calibration and method validation results. MDL reported.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Testing Scenario

Sample Size and Variability
Temporality

Medium

Low
Medium

The part of the study relevant to experimental involved field and lab emission chamber (FLEC) testing of
flame-retardant treated insulation for comparison of the method under development and standard XAD-2
method.

Only 2 samples (duplicates) were analyzed for each method (total of 4 samples).

Sources of tested items not reported, but study was published in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low
High

Sample results reported as average but were non-detect (see Table 5). Individual data and summary statistics
not reported.

QA control measures were described for overall method validation effort. High recoveries (>70% ).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

There was some discussion of variability and uncertainty, but mainly for other analytes and indoor air monitor-
ing samples. No limitations reported.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 311 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 5167126

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Wu, Y., Miller, G. Z., Gearhart, J., Romanak, K., Lopez-Avila, V., Venier, M. (2019). Children's car seats contain legacy and novel flame retardants.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters 6:14-20.

5167126

Domain



Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

Medium

High
N/A

Study provides a good description of the sampling methodology. The sampling and product information is
available in the supplemental material.

The study provides detailed analytical method descriptions including the LODs.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Testing Scenario
Sample Size and Variability

Medium
High

A variety of car seats were tested under one set of conditions.

There were 18 car seats, 31 fabric samples (including 16 laminated foam/fabric composites) and 5 foam sam-
ples.

The car seats were manufactured between 2017 and 2018.



Metric 6:

Temporality

High

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

High
High

The number of samples, detection frequencies, minimum, maximum, mean, and median are provided in the
study. The supplemental information file provides raw data for 18 samples and LOD.

Procedural blank concentrations and matrix spike recoveries are provided in the study.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion of uncertainty, but raw data show duplicate samples from same car seats.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 312 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 5176516

Study Citation:	Gomes, G., Ward, P., Lorenzo, A., Hoffman, K., Stapleton, H. M. (2016). Characterizing flame retardant applications and potential human exposure in

backpacking tents. Environmental Science and Technology 50:5338-5345.

HERO ID:	5176516

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Analytical Methodology
Biomarker Selection

High
Medium
N/A

Sampling methodology is clearly described and appropriate, including sampling materials, equipment, con-
ditions, procedures and storage. Reference citations are also provided for wipes (Stapleton et al 2008) and air
(Allen et al 2007).

Analytical methodology, including extraction and instrumentation, is briefly discussed, with reference citations
provided (Stapleton et al 2011 and Keller et al 2014 for tent textiles, Hoffman et al 2014 and Allen et al 2007
for wipes and air analysis). MDL was reported for wipe and air analysis but not for tent textiles.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4:

Metric 5:
Metric 6:

Testing Scenario

Sample Size and Variability
Temporality

High

High
Medium

Representative of US-produced camping tent exposure to flame retardants. Note that "indoor" air samples from
tent are not representative of typical indoor air samples from buildings, but are representative of the exposure
scenario. Pre exposure samples were taken from hand wipes to assess background levels before contacting the
tent.

There were 15 samples (5 tent styles with 3 replicate tests).

Testing was conducted in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:

Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium
Medium

Individual data points for hand wipes and air are shown in Figures 2 and 3 but are difficult to read. Summary
statistics in Tables 1, S3 and S4 include average and standard deviation for textiles, wipes and air, respectively.

QA/QC includes blanks and laboratory recoveries, with correction for concentrations in field blanks. Recovery
reported for TPHP and not specifically for other chemicals.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 9:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Standard deviations were reported for tests with concentrations above detection limit. Uncertainty, data gaps
and limitations were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 313 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 5470041

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Stubbings, W. A., Drage, D. S., Harrad, S. (2016). Chlorinated organophosphate and "legacy" brominated flame retardants in UK waste soft furnishings:

A preliminary study. Emerging Contaminants 2:185-190.

5470041

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology
Metric 3: Biomarker Selection

Medium	The sampling methodology appears scientifically sound but was not from a referenced source.

High	The analytical methods appear scientifically sound and are cited.

N/A	A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario
Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability

Metric 6: Temporality

Medium	The testing scenario was based on soft furnishing that were designated as waste.

Low	The concentrations are reported for 14 products and 8 different offices; however, no replicate tests were per-

formed.

Medium	The approximate age of the sampled materials were provided in the study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Medium	All data appear to be reported but does include detailed summary statistics.

Medium	Supplementary files are included with QA/QC information. This information includes blanks and LOD values.

A potential outline was identified and explained in the text.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 9: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Discussion of uncertainty of TCEP sample appears on page 188.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 314 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Experimental

HERO ID: 5708386

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Gu, J., Wensing, M., Uhde, E., Salthammer, T. (2019). Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted during operation of a desktop 3D

printer. Environment International 123:476-485.

5708386

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology and Con-	Medium
ditions

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology	Medium

Metric 3: Biomarker Selection	N/A

The study consisted of basic thermoplastic filaments used in 3D printing. The filaments were used in a 3D
printer as they would normally, but the 3D printer was placed in a stainless steel chamber to capture emissions
while in use. The sampling procedure was not cited but it was briefly described in the study.

A GC/MS method was used to analyze the samples.

A biomarker was not used in this study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 4: Testing Scenario
Metric 5: Sample Size and Variability
Metric 6: Temporality

Medium	This can potentially be an exposure scenario in DIY settings.

Medium	Adequate sample size per sampling type.

High	The study was published in 2019.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 7:
Metric 8:

Reporting of Results
Quality Assurance

Low	The study did not provide raw sample data nor an LOD or LOQ. The was provided in tabular format (Table 3).

Medium	Adequate discussion; Filter sampling of the chamber blank was taken in a separate test (sampling for 4 h in the

empty chamber).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 9: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Adequate discussion of future research direction based on outcomes. Discussed methods that were not suc-

cessful. Detailed difficulty in obtaining the particle chemical composition due to low concentration and the
limitation of the air sampling volume. Sample flow rate is limited by the chamber size, air exchange rate and a
short printing time.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 315 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Database

HERO ID: 10663361

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

U.S. EPA, U.S.G.S. and National Water Quality Monitoring Council (2022). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (CAS RN: 115-96-8): WQP Output

(NWIS, STEWARDS & STORET), Site data & sample results (physical/chemical metadata). :.

10663361

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology

Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

Medium	Sampling methodology information is provided in columns AF to AJ, including the sampling method code and

the equipment used. No information was provided on transportation or storage conditions for any sample. Note
that for a large portion of the samples the sampling methodology was reported as "UNKNOWN".

High	18 different analytical method codes are reported in column BO and BS. 37 point values do not have an analyt-

ical method. Description of the methods reported in column BQ and detection limit in column BY. A detection
limit was not provided for all samples. While there is heterogeneity in the information provided, the confidence
rating of high is based on the samples with the most complete data.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Geographic Area

Metric 4: Temporal
Metric 5: Exposure Scenario

High

High
Medium

Column X reports the location identifier code. All samples are from the U.S. The station.xlsx file included as
part of the HERO reference provides detailed information on the sites sampled. The information of each code
can be found at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/si

Data reported from 1988 to 2022. The date is reported in column G.

Media are reported in column E and F; location and time are also reported. The station.xlsx file included as part
of the HERO reference provides, for some samples, more detailed information on the sites sampled, such as
sample depth. There is no information provided on sources of chemicals.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metric 7:

Availability of Database and
Supporting Documents
Reporting Results

High	The database is widely accepted and a user guide is available which describes all of the data fields.

Medium	The database does not report summary of statistics, only point values. While the data are well organized,

since the data originates from numerous different entities (states) and monitoring programs, some data may be
difficult to interpret due to the lack of populated data fields or discrepancies between columns.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 8: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Uncertainty is characterized by the inclusion of data qualifier column AR; however, not all rows have a data

qualifier code where expected. Column AS reports the results status identifier that indicates the acceptability of
the result with respect to QA/QC criteria.

Overall Quality Determination

High

Page 316 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Database

HERO ID: 10668533

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

CDC, (2022). Bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (CAS RN: 3040-56-0): NHANES Biomonitoring Data (Urine). :.
10668533

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Sampling Methodology
Metric 2: Analytical Methodology

High	Widely accepted sampling methodology from a source known to use sound approaches. Information on sam-

pling design can be found at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/tutorials/SampleDesign.aspx.

High	Widely accepted analytical methodology, outlined at https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/

data_sources_analysis.html. Additional detail is listed in references listed at https://www.cdc.gov/
exposurereport/biomonitoring_references.html.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Area
Temporal
Exposure Scenario

High	Samples were collected from the US population.

High	Datareported from 2011 to 2018.

Medium	Exposure to flame retardants for the civilian, noninstitutionalized population in the United States based on age,

gender, and race/ethnicity. There is no information provided on sources of exposure to the chemical, amount of
exposure, or microenvironments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Availability of Database and	High

Supporting Documents
Metric 7: Reporting Results	High

The database is widely accepted and well known. There is an abundance of information online about the
database.

The database reports summary statistics (geometric mean, 50th/75th/90th/95th percentiles). The years of
collection and sample size is reported for each row. Raw data can be downloaded from the CDC website https:/
/wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/default.aspx

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 8: Variability and Uncertainty	High	There is no characterization of uncertainty. Variability reported as summary of statistics and the analysis of

data by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. NHANES does not include state-level data. Considerations related to
the data are discussed at https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/data_interpretation.html

Overall Quality Determination	High

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 1336629

Study Citation: Wensing, M., Uhde, E., Salthammer, T. (2005). Plastics additives in the indoor environment - flame retardants and plasticizers. Science of the Total

Environment 339:19-40.

HERO ID: 1336629

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

The technical approach for data collection is well described in the experimental techniques section.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Exposure Scenario

High

The study evaluates the general population exposure to flame retardants and plasticizers from indoor plastic
additives.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3:

Documentation of References

High

The study documents all sources of information in tables and text.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 4:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability is reported in different tables as ranges and percentiles and some uncertainty and limitations identi-
fied.

Overall Quality Determination

High





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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 3809216

Study Citation:	ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. European Chemicals Bureau :213.

HERO ID:	3809216

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	Low

The assessment uses technical approaches generally accepted by the scientific community. Analytical methods
for referenced studies environmental and biological sampling not discussed. Data needs that would reduce the
uncertainties within risk assessment were not discussed.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Exposure Scenario	Medium

Exposure activity assessed likely represents the scenarios of interest, with a wide variety of exposure sampling
scenarios and sampling media reviewed within the literature including for surface water, precipitation (rain,
snow, glacier ice), wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, landfill leachate, sewage sludge, river
sediment, and pine needle samples.Location of sampling generally presented for results from studies conducted
in countries such as the Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, United Kingdom (UK), England, Wales, and the
U.S. Additional details, such as number of samples, number of sampling sites, year of sampling often lacking,
however references provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3: Documentation Of References	Medium	References are available and provided, however some references may not be publicly available or are not from

peer reviewed sources.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 4: Variability and Uncertainty	Low

Study characterization of variability within the population/media concentration data presented (range) for
some results (Table 4.6), but not most. Discussion of uncertainty and variability in exposures lacking, however
general uncertainties in risk assessment presented.

Overall Quality Determination	Low

Page 319 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 5155521

Study Citation: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2016). Flame retardant exposure assessment. :.
HERO ID: 5155521

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

Methodology outlined and assumptions provided.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Exposure Scenario

High

The data closely represent exposure scenarios of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3:

Documentation of References

High

References are available for all reported data, inputs, and defaults; and are publicly available and from peer
reviewed sources.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 4:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Uncertainties discussed for various exposure factors and calculations.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 320 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 5155555

Study Citation:	ECHA, (2018). Screening report: An assessment of whether the use of TCEP, TCPP and TDCP in articles should be restricted. :.

HERO ID:	5155555

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

The assessment uses technical approaches generally accepted by the scientific community, however mathemat-
ical models and equations utilized for estimated exposures and dose not outlined within text. Model inputs and
default assumptions not detailed. Migration data from Danish EPA sources referenced. Literature search briefly
mentioned, however search strategy not in great detail.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure activity assessed likely represents the scenarios of interest as authors note samples were taken from
areas where children would have the most direct contact. However, number of products (seven) utilized for
migration data from Danish EPA estimates noted as not representative of the Danish, EU, UK and Ireland
markets.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3:

Documentation of References

Medium

References are available and provided, however some references may not be publicly available or are not from
peer reviewed sources.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 4:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Study characterization of variability limited in exposure estimates. Uncertainties including limited migration
data as well as childcare article textile barriers to migration detailed.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 321 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 5160070

Study Citation: Environment Canada, (2009). Screening Assessment for the Challenge: Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1) (Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate [TCEP]).:.
HERO ID: 5160070

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

Trusted source that used standard risk assessment methodology for a screening assessment, however, robust
details not provided.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Exposure Scenario

High

Canadian screening assessment applicable general pop and consumers. 2009 assessment.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3:

Documentation of References

High

References cited for all reported data and generally appear to be from publicly available and peer reviewed
sources.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 4:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Uncertainty and confidence adequately discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 322 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Completed Exposure Assessment

HERO ID: 5185320

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment. :.
5185320



Domain

Metric Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 11 Methodology	Medium	The assessment uses technical approaches generally accepted by the scientific community for estimated daily

intake calculations. Mathematical models and equations utilized for estimated exposures and outlined within
text. Model inputs and default assumptions detailed. Review of previously reported concentration data within
various media did not include discussion of sampling and analytical methods, however data sources referenced.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2\ Exposure Scenario	Medium	Exposure activity assessed likely represents the scenarios of interest as multiple exposure routes and sources

reported from Australia within this report noted to likely be representative of those in other countries. Authors
note exposure via other potential sources and routes cited from other agencies may not be representative of the
Australian population. Concentration data reported from multiple media including indoor air, drinking water,
indoor dust, food, human milk and children's products. Data derived from previously published reports from
multiple countries including Denmark, U.S., Japan, Sweden, Canada, Vietnam and the Phillipines.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 3:

Documentation of References

Medium

References are available and provided, however some references may not be publicly available or are not from
peer reviewed sources.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 4:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Study characterization of variability limited in exposure estimates. Uncertainties and assumptions in both
exposure and hazard and risk assessments reported in detail.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 323 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 1927602

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Ali, N., Dirtu, A. C., van den Eede, N., Goosey, E., Harrad, S., Neels, H., 'T Mannetje, A., Coakley, J., Douwes, J., Covaci, A. (2012). Occurrence of
alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment. Chemosphere 88:1276-1282.

1927602

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	No equation provided but citation to another journal article (Jones-Otazo et al 2005) included in description of

methodology.

Low	Jones-Otazo et al 2005 is published and used in many studies, but formality or quality of peer review unclear.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium	Exposure to indoor dust is reasonable, but sampling is from 2012 and New Zealand.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	Citation included with description of intake, but model not clearly described in primary reference.

Medium	Inputs and defaults are provided but cannot fully validate without equation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

High and mean estimates for adults and children provided, with some discussion of uncertainties and assump-
tions.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 324 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2215665

Study Citation:	Shin, H. M., Mckone, T. E., Nishioka, M. G., Fallin, M. D., Croen, L. A., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Newschaffer, C. I., Bennett, D. H. (2014). Determining

source strength of semivolatile organic compounds using measured concentrations in indoor dust. Indoor Air 24:260-271.

HERO ID:	2215665

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Most equations provided in text, with additional equations and figures provided in the supplemental file with
citations. Equations for surface area emission rates, gas/dust concentrations, and saturation concentrations were
also provided.

All equations have peer reviewed citations, estimated emission rates only compared to reported values in two
studies for DEHP.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Estimates and models relevant for plastics and building materials but not personal care products; Whole-house
context, individual product emissions unknown.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
Medium

Equations are all provided and supplemental documentation is available.

Inputs listed in supplemental table 2 and throughout paper after their relevant equations; most of the inputs are
secondary or estimated.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Uncertainty analysis conducted for the input variables (table s2). Additional discussion of variability, uncer-
tainty is provided in the implications /limitations section of the study.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 325 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2345990

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Abdallah, M. A. E., Covaci, A. (2014). Organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from Egypt: Implications for human exposure. Environmental

Science and Technology 48:4782-4789.

2345990

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Equation was referenced and from a peer reviewed source.

Low	There was a comparison of values with other published values. An evaluation was conducted by the author, but

no more formal evaluation was mentioned.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium	Sampling occurred in 2012-2013.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Equation source was found online, free and available to the public.

High	Inputs are described and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Paper mentions high levels of variability and uncertainty in the model inputs used.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 326 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2542290

Study Citation: Tajima, S., Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Ait Bamai, Y., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S., Kishi, R. (2014). Detection and intake assessment

of organophosphate flame retardants in house dust in Japanese dwellings. Science of the Total Environment 478:190-199.

HERO ID: 2542290

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Intake equation given with no citation, while the dust ingestion equation has a citation.

Intake estimates briefly compared to other published studies, but limited discussion was provided.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Low

The concentrations and some of the exposure factors used to estimate intake may be particular to Japanese
children.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Equations can be followed using inputs provided and the results could be replicated.
Inputs described and values cited where relevant.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Median and 95th percentile intakes estimated for toddlers and children for both floor dust and upper surface
dust. A discussion of limitations of school vs home and ingestion vs inhalation of dust was provided. Weak
points and limitations were discussed.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 327 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2662833

Study Citation: Mihajlovic, I., Fries, E. (2012). Atmospheric deposition of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) onto soils. Atmospheric Environment

56:177-183.

HERO ID: 2662833

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Equations are referenced (from other peer reviewed publications).

Equations are referenced from peer reviewed sources - no mention of a more formal evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Low

Sampling was conducted in 2010 and 2011.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Some of the referenced papers are not freely available to the public.
All model inputs are described and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

A discussion was included on variability and uncertainty. The author describes seasonal variability.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 328 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2919497

Study Citation: Marklund, A., Andersson, B., Haglund, P. (2005). Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in air from various indoor environments. Journal

of Environmental Monitoring 7:814-819.

HERO ID: 2919497

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

No equations are provided, but the methodology for estimating indoor air and dust ingestion exposure is de-
scribed. Presumably paper is following basic intake calculations, but calculations cannot be easily followed.
The outputs are briefly compared to dietary intakes and guideline values.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Low

The measured indoor air and dust concentrations represent conditions of a scenario of interest, but the daily
doses estimate do not indicate which scenario is being represented (as the air samples cover many different
locations).

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Low

No equations are provided, and the provided documentation is not easily followed.

It appears most inputs are provided (inhalation and ingestion rates, body weight) but the concentration used is
not identified.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

A range of inhalation and dust ingestion doses are provided, but there is limited discussion on the variability or
uncertainty within the provided minimums and maximums. Data is provided for adults and children.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 329 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2921301

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Kim, J., Isobe, T., Muto, M., Nguyen Minh Tue, Katsura, K., Malarvannan, G., Sudaryanto, A., Chang, K. H., Prudente, M., Pham Hung Viet,

Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S. (2014). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in human breast milk from several Asian countries. Chemosphere

116:91-97.

2921301

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	The daily intake equation was provided, and the equation is sound.

Medium	Concentrations used in DI calculations compared to other published studies, but the DIs were only compared to

RfDs.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

The 2014 concentration data is relatively representative of current conditions, but the DIs represent conditions
in various Asian countries.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	The author described the equation and provided inputs. The method used can be followed.

Medium	Most inputs are provided with citations, though the concentrations are not explicitly identified (i.e., if median

value is used).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Variability exhibited in the range of data, doses calculated for each sampling event, but the data are presented

in a figure. Uncertainties and limitations of the study discussed, particularly around individual chemical and
individual pathway limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 330 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 2938137

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

He, C., Zheng, J., Qiao, L.,in, Chen, S., Yang, J., Yuan, J. G., Yang, Z. Y.,i, Mai, B.,iX (2015). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in

indoor dust in multiple microenvironments of southern China and implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 133:47-52.

2938137

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Equation not provided, but citations and inputs enough to infer that intake calculations were done using mea-

sured concentrations and various exposure factors.

Low	Model not provided, only citations for values, so the level or formality of peer review of the other studies is

unclear.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure via dust ingestion in the four microclimates may be reasonable pathway and route, but the intakes are
based on Chinese sampled data from 2015, limiting relevance to current U.S. scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

Equations not provided for intake calculations.

Some inputs are described with citations, but without the equation, it remains unclear if all inputs were pro-
vided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

House dust ingestion intakes estimate for four microclimates under median and 95th percentile concentrations
for adults and toddlers. Limited discussion of uncertainties and model inputs.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 331 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3010476

Study Citation:	Malarvannan, G., Belpaire, C., Geeraerts, C., Eulaers, I., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2015). Organophosphorus flame retardants in the European eel in

Flanders, Belgium: Occurrence, fate and human health risk. Environmental Research 140:604-610.

HERO ID:	3010476

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Medium

Equation is not provided for daily intakes, but the methodology is generally described with the inputs and
appears sound.

The estimated intake values are discussed in comparison to other studies' results with consideration of how the
models and data sources differ.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

For the scenario of interest, exposure via eel consumption in the Belgian population, the model inputs reflect
relevant conditions, though the data are from 2015 or older.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

Equation not provided.

The body weight and consumption rates are provided with citations, while the concentrations are assumed from
the study. Without the equation, cannot validate that all inputs are provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability exhibited and discussed in the general population compared to the high intake group (fishermen)
and within each (mean, median, range provided). Uncertainties and limitations of the estimates discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 332 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3222316

Study Citation: Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., La Guardia, M. J. (2016). Inhalation

Chemosphere 150:499-504.

HERO ID: 3222316

a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants.

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Mathematical Equations

Low

No equations provided for inhalation or dust exposure. Inputs provided for what is likely a basic intake calcula-

Metric 2:

Model Evaluation

Low

Inhalation estimates briefly compared to one other study, but limited discussion and not specific to TCEP.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Exposure to flame retardants and dust at home is relevant. The data current and based on U.S. homes.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

The equations are not provided and therefore, the values could not be verified.

Some inputs are provided, including inhalation and ingestion rates cited to U.S. EPA, but unclear if all inputs
are provided without an equation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Estimated intakes provided for adults and children based on median and max concentrations in air and dust.
Some discussion of the uncertainties and assumptions used in calculations.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 333 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3222715

Study Citation:	Wu, M.,in, Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wu, D., Liu, K.,ai, Deng, S., Huang, J.,un, Wang, B.,in, Wang, Y. (2016). Characterization and human exposure assessment

of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from several microenvironments of Beijing, China. Chemosphere 150:465-471.

HERO ID:	3222715

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations	High

Metric 2: Model Evaluation	Low

Equation for EDI provided in supplemental file with citation (methodology taken from prior published study)
and appears sound.

Some discussion of results against previous findings but no formal evaluation process beyond assumed peer
review for publication. There were some comparisons to indoor dust ingestion values across countries (China,
New Zealand, Germany, Belgium, Pakistan).

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 31 Exposure Scenario	Medium	Ingestion of dust is a reasonable consumer exposure scenario in the environments where sampled, but relevance

of Beijing homes, offices, and daycares may not be direct parallel to American environments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4: Model and Model	Low	Equation is provided in supplemental file, but it is not freely accessible.

Documentation Availability

Metric 5: Model Inputs and Defaults	Medium	Most inputs detailed with citations or explanations. The inputs include dust ingestion rates, time spent in each

environment, and body weight for toddlers, adults, and the elderly.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

Variability characterized in locations of possible dust exposure, average/high scenarios, and age groups. Some
discussion was provided on the uncertainties (e.g., influence of body weight vs hand-to-mouth behavior for
toddlers).

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 334 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3357642

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Xu, F., Giovanoulis, G., van Waes, S., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Papadopoulou, E., Magn6r, J., Haug, L. S., Neels, H., Covaci, A. (2016). Comprehensive
study of human external exposure to organophosphate flame retardants via air, dust, and hand wipes: The importance of sampling and assessment
strategy. Environmental Science and Technology 50:7752-7760.

3357642

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Equations were provided from existing literature for inhalation exposure, dust ingestion exposure, dermal

absorption via handwipe, and dermal absorption via dust (Section 4. in supplemental tile).

Medium	The equations are cited from previously published literature, so assumption is that there was some evaluation

during peer review and publication. Author provided some evaluation in comparison of individual participant
to general population data.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure via inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption all relevant scenarios, but samples all represent
conditions in Oslo, Norway rather than USA.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	Exposure calculations can be followed with information provided in supplemental tile, but it is not freely and

publicly accessible.

Medium	Inputs to the model are outlined but they are not explicitly cited. A range of references was provided for a

variety of inputs.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium	Exposure estimates include variation by age and sex, surface vs floor dust, and stationary vs personal air. There

was some discussion of uncertainty related to personal air sampling concentrations and lack of data leading to
assumptions for certain chemicals.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 335 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3455908

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Lee, S., Jeong, W., Kannan, K., Moon, H. B. (2016). Occurrence and exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) through the

consumption of drinking water in Korea. Water Research 103:182-188.

3455908

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Intake calculation was described in text as multiplying ingestion rate of drinking water with concentrations of

OPFR measured in the study.

Low	Basic calculation for estimated daily intake is widely accepted but no validation for their scenario, particularly

with assumptions of various water intakes.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Samples collected in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	Insufficient information in data source to verify the model. References are provided for model inputs which

may provide additional documentation.

Medium	Model inputs and defaults are briefly identified and described, with references.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Low	Uncertainties identified may have a substantial impact on the exposure assessment. Estimated daily intake

calculations that are reported cannot be verified for most of the age groups. Results of the intakes are presented
in median and 95th percentile but median drinking water concentrations cannot be easily interpreted.

Overall Quality Determination

Low

Page 336 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3464010

Study Citation:	Teo, T. L., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J. (2016). Presence and select determinants of organophosphate flame retardants in public swimming pools.

Science of the Total Environment 569-570:469-475.

HERO ID:	3464010

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equation based on EnHealth Guidelines from Australian and EPA methods.

Sources are from Australian and US federal regulatory agencies and methods are expected to have undergone
evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The paper was published in 2016.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

All sources are from EnHealth or the US EPA and published materials are available online for free.
Inputs are mostly exposure factors handbook values which are described and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The discussion on variability and uncertainty is included in section 3.3.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 337 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3468265

Study Citation:	Zhang, X., Zou, W., Mu, L., Chen, Y., Ren, C., Hu, X., Zhou, Q. (2016). Rice ingestion is a major pathway for human exposure to organophosphate

flame retardants (OPFRs) in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 318:686-693.

HERO ID:	3468265

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Equation provided for estimated dietary intake with a citation, but is not from a widely known or authoritative
source.

No indication of model evaluation, but assumption that it is valid based on previous peer review publications.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

The model equation represents a relevant exposure scenario of dietary intake but the inputs and scenarios used
with the model in this paper may be particular to only Chinese people and foods.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
Medium

Equation and input data provided, no model guide or program needed.

Model inputs are provided, including consumption rates and concentrations in food samples, but not all are
clearly cited. While the beverage consumption input came from the EPA.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability in food samples and male and female exposure. Some limitations discussed related to regional and
dietary differences.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 338 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3604490

Study Citation: Tokumura, M., Hatayama, R., Tatsu, K., Naito, T., Takeda, T., Raknuzzaman, M., -Al-Mamun, M. H., Masunaga, S. (2017). Organophosphate flame

retardants in the indoor air and dust in cars in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189:48.

HERO ID: 3604490

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Equations are not referenced, but they are based on a scientifically sound approach that is commonly used.
Paper has been peer reviewed and methods are accepted among the scientific and regulatory community.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling conducted in 2013.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

No additional documentation is available.

Inputs are described and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

The paper provides typical and worst case estimates, but key uncertainties and limitations are not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination	Low

Page 339 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3861290

Study Citation:	He, M. J., Yang, T., Yang, Z. H., Li, Q., Wei, S. Q. (2017). Occurrence and Distribution of Organophosphate Esters in Surface Soil and Street Dust

from Chongqing, China: Implications for Human Exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 73:349-361.

HERO ID:	3861290

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Daily intake equation for dust ingestion provided with citation to Guo and Kannan 2011 which is not an author-
itative source but appears scientifically sound.

The outputs were compared to RfDs, and there is an assumption of some evaluation due to previous peer publi-
cation of the equation cited.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure to chemicals in outdoor dust is a relevant scenario of interest, using 2017 data, but the street samples
are from China which may not reflect US conditions.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

The methods can be mostly followed with the given documentation, but the inputs used to develop the per-
centile estimates are not explicitly identified.

Inputs to the DI equation, values and assumptions are are mostly identified and cited. Some descriptions are
left generalized such as listing the percentiles of weight but not including the data points for weight.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability characterized through mean and high dust ingestion rates and body weights.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 340 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3862171

Study Citation: Zheng, X., Qiao, L., Covaci, A., Sun, R., Guo, H., Zheng, J., Luo, X., Xie, Q., Mai, B. (2017). Brominated and phosphate flame retardants (FRs) in

indoor dust from different microenvironments: Implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal contact. Chemosphere 184:185-191.
HERO ID: 3862171

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Ingestion and dermal exposure equations provided and seem sound however, no citation is provided.
No obvious evaluation of the model besides assumption of peer review required for publication.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Ingestion and dermal exposure to dust in different locations and products are scenarios of interest, but the
samples used to estimate exposure were collected in Chinese bedrooms and offices which may not be directly
parallel with American environments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Most of the equations and inputs are provided in the study, but details on the dermal method are not freely
accessible because they are only in the SI file.

Input values provided with citations, some of which are EPA and additional clarification for parameters in the
SI. TCEP had literature value for fraction absorbed, while the average value of TCEP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP was
used for TPHP.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Some variability in locations and limited discussion of the assumptions made and uncertainties in the estimates,
such as contact with bedding while sleeping.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 341 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3862555

Study Citation: Zhou, L., Hiltscher, M., Puttmann, W. (2017). Occurrence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from

various microenvironments of the Rhine/Main region, Germany. Indoor Air 27:1113-1127.

HERO ID: 3862555

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations are provided and referenced in Section 4 of the supplemental material.
Equations are from previously peer reviewed sources and used in a peer-reviewed source.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure based on sampling conducted in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Equations are found in the supplemental material which is not freely available to the public.
Model inputs are all described (section 4) and provided in the supplemental material (table s5).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability and uncertainty are discussed in Section 3.4 and the conclusion.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 342 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3863211

Study Citation: La Guardia, M. J., Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., Hale, R. C. (2017). Human Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants: Influence of

Airborne Particle Size. International lournal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:507.

HERO ID: 3863211

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Equations originate from CDC and ASTDR and are adapted by other peer reviewed methods.
Different equations were used by the authors and the results were then compared to each other.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Paper published in 2017.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

All referenced methods are not available to the public for free.
Model inputs are all described and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The paper demonstrates uncertainties about re-estimating inhalable vs respirable fraction of intakes.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 343 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 3864462

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Castorina, R., Butt, C., Stapleton, H. M., Avery, D., Harley, K. G., Holland, N., Eskenazi, B., Bradman, A. (2017). Flame retardants and their

metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere 179:159-166.

3864462

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Dust ingestion equation from ATSDR and the internal dose equations are provided with citations from other

studies.

Medium	Oral dose model from ASTDR and assumed peer review for internal dose model based on the publication.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium	Non-dietary ingestion of dust is a relevant scenario and this paper is specific to pregnant women.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Most of the model and inputs are outlined.

Medium	Most inputs are detailed and cited. The median, 95th percentile, and max dust concentrations are used.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Some variability in demographics sampling. Some discussion of limitations but primarily related to the sam-
pling rather than the modeling and limited discussion of uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 344 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4161520

Study Citation: Iqbal, M., Syed, J. H., Breivik, K., Chaudhry, M. J. I., Li, J., Zhang, G., Malik, R. N. (2017). E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The First Evidence

of Environmental and Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City. Environmental Science and Technology 51:13895-13905.

HERO ID: 4161520

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations are from the US EPA (exposure factors handbook).

Methods are from the US EPA and are expected to have undergone evaluation (exposure factors handbook).

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling conducted in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

References for the equations are available to the public.
Inputs are provided in the supplemental material.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion is included on the variability and uncertainty of the paper.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 345 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4162250

Study Citation: Cristale, J., Aragao Bel6, T. G., Lacorte, S., Rodrigues de Marchi, M. R. (2018). Occurrence and human exposure to brominated and organophosphorus

flame retardants via indoor dust in a Brazilian city. Environmental Pollution 237:695-703.

HERO ID: 4162250

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Estimated daily intakes are cited and from a peer reviewed source.

Estimated Daily Intake equations are accepted among the scientific community.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Paper is published in 2017.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Reference for the dose equation is not available to the public for free (Ale et al 2013).
All model inputs are described, values provided, and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 346 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4164912

Study Citation:	Muenhor, D., Moon, H. B., Lee, S., Goosey, E. (2018). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust from a manual

e-waste dismantling facility and adjacent communities in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances
& Environmental Engineering 53:79-90.

HERO ID:	4164912

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Exposure equation not provided but inputs and assumptions are described to follow procedures for standard
dust ingestion exposure.

Exposure estimates are compared to RfDs and the concentrations used in the estimates are compared against
other studies.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Data on floor and road dust are from 2018 and represent exposures to e-waste.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Low

Equation for exposure is not provided.

Various inputs are identified, described, and cited (body weight, exposure time, ingestion rate) but cannot
validate that all inputs have been provided without the equation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited discussion on the uncertainties in the data or limitations of the study.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 347 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4168728

Study Citation:	Zeng, X., Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Gao, S., Yu, Z. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and their

potential health exposure risk. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37:345-352.

HERO ID:	4168728

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Exposure equation provided, with citations, relating concentration, daily intake of dust, ingestion rate, and
body weight.

No indication of evaluation but the methodology is cited from published studies. Concentration values used in
the model were compared to other studies.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Indoor dust ingestion is a relevant exposure scenario.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

Analyses were run in SPSS, which is not free to the public.

Most inputs are cited except assumptions of default dust intake values (average and high for children and
adults).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of limitations, such as additional exposure routes and the relation between the Chinese find-
ings and those in other countries.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 348 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4285929

Study Citation: He, C., Wang, X., Thai, P., Baduel, C., Gallen, C., Banks, A., Bainton, P., English, K., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Organophosphate and brominated flame
retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure. Environmental Pollution 235:670-679.
HERO ID: 4285929

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

All equations are referenced and based on scientifically sound approaches.
Equations are referenced and are from peer-reviewed journals.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling was done in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

All reference sources were not freely available to the public (Tajima et al 2014).
All model inputs were defined and provided in section 3.5.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The authors discuss inhalation vs dermal and compare the values among children and adults. There is a brief
mention of aggregation with ingestion rates that may lead to more concern.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 349 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4292121

Study Citation: Christia, C., Poma, G., Besis, A., Samara, C., Covaci, A. (2018).

Implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 196:231-239.
HERO ID: 4292121

Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from Greece:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Dose equations are referenced and from an EPA source.

Dose equations are referenced and are from an EPA source which implies they have undergone evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Paper was published in 2017.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Besis et al 2017 is not publicly available for free.

Model inputs are explained and values used are provided and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited discussion included on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 350 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4292129

Study Citation: Deng, W. J., Li, N., Wu, R., Richard, W. K. S., Wang, Z., Ho, W. (2018). Phosphorus flame retardants and Bisphenol A in indoor dust and PM2.5 in

kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong. Environmental Pollution 235:365-371.

HERO ID: 4292129

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations are provided in the supplemental information and are cited from US EPA sources.
Equations are from US EPA sources, it is assumed they have undergone evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling conducted between 2015-2016.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

All equations are from sources that are free to the public (EPA source).

Inputs which are mostly exposure factors handbook values are described and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion about non-dietary vs dietary intake from various schools.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 351 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4292130

Study Citation:	Poma, G., Sales, C., Bruyland, B., Christia, C., Goscinny, S., Van Loco, J., Covaci, A. (2018). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants

and plasticizers (PFRs) in Belgian foodstuffs and estimation of the dietary exposure of the adult population. Environmental Science and Technology

52:2331-2338.

HERO ID:	4292130

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Calculation of dietary intake is described in Section 2.4, along with description of inputs with reference.

Medium	Commonly used simple intake model was described in Section 2.4. Sample calculation check agreed with

reported data. Results for total PFRs were compared with Swedish study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium	Samples collected 2015-2016 and based on a Belgian diet.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High

Simple intake model described in data source; additional information may be provided in reference (WIV-ISP
2016).

Medium	Model inputs generally identified, referenced and described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

High

Dietary intake results determined using upper, medium and lower-bound basis are reported in Table S6.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 352 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4292136

Study Citation: Larsson, K., de Wit, C. A., Sellstrom, U., Sahlstrom, L., Lindh, C. H., Berglund, M. (2018). Brominated flame retardants and organophosphate esters

in preschool dust and children's hand wipes. Environmental Science and Technology 52:4878-4888.

HERO ID: 4292136

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Dose equations were referenced and are from EPA sources.

Dose equations were referenced and are from EPA sources, it is assumed they have undergone evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling was conducted in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

While references on equations were free and publicly available, the concentrations were found using STATA, a
statistical software that is not free/publicly available.

Model inputs are described and values are provided and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 353 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4433160

Study Citation: Kademoglou, K., Xu, F., Padilla-Sanchez, J. A., Haug, L. S., Covaci, A., Collins, C. D. (2017). Legacy and alternative flame retardants in Norwegian

and UK indoor environment: Implications of human exposure via dust ingestion. Environment International 102:48-56.

HERO ID: 4433160

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Eqn. 1 for daily exposure via dust ingestion is from USEPA Exposure Factors Handbook (1997).
Model from USEPA is assumed to be fully validated.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Samples collected 2011-2013; residential and office exposure scenarios for Europe.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Model and documentation are publicly available.

Key model inputs are provided in data source (Tables SI-9, 11,13 and 14).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Summary statistics for input concentrations (SI Tables 9,11, 13) include standard deviation. Discussion of
uncertainty mentions that sample size is relatively low: 10 homes each for Norway and UK, 6 office samples
UK and 6 store samples UK.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 354 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4442465

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measurements of parameters controlling the emissions of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor environ-
ments. Environmental Science and Technology 52:5821-5829.

4442465

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Equations provided throughout the paper with citations if needed. Also includes mass balance equations for

concentrations in chamber and on the surface.

Medium	Estimated values compared to measured or previously published values for concentrations and surface/air

partition coefficient.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

High

Indoor exposure to building and consumer materials (PVC floor, textiles, etc) is a relevant scenario and the
tested foam was made in America.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	All equations provided, but equations solved using MATLAB, not free or open to the public.

Medium	Inputs are all provided with values from test measurements or from citations. Some inputs were estimated

using PARAMS (EPA). However, not all inputs are provided for every chemical (some only given for TCPP,
not TCEP).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

High

Not all values are varied in the same way, but most are estimated for a variety of materials. Limitations for the
given equations are outlined, such as relevance to SVOCs with low volatility or to pervious materials.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 355 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4678306

Study Citation:	Liang, Y., Liu, X., Allen, M. R. (2018). Measuring and modeling surface sorption dynamics of organophosphate flame retardants on impervious

surfaces. Chemosphere 193:754-762.

HERO ID:	4678306

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations	Medium

Metric 2: Model Evaluation	Medium

Multiple equations provided relating concentration to volume and chemical parameters (e.g. gas and material
coefficients), including sorption on stainless steel and emissions from foam. Two model fits proposed, Lang-
muir and Freundlich.

Langmuir and Freundlich models fitted to measured chamber data.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario	Medium

Emissions to indoor air and sorption to surfaces represent exposure scenarios of interest, but the study's rel-
evance to real world situations is limited in its assumptions and failure to exactly fit the measured data. 2018
study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	The equations and inputs are provided, but the data were tit to the models using MATLAB, which is not freely

accessible.

High	All inputs clearly identified for each model and test with citations or equations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Two models evaluated with a discussion on the limitations of the study and each model.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 356 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4728480

Study Citation: He, R. W„ Li, Y. Z„ Xiang, P., Li, C„ Cui, X. Y„ Ma, L. Q. (2018).

indoor dust. Environmental Research 162:166-172.

HERO ID: 4728480

Impact of particle size on distribution and human exposure of flame retardants in

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Equation provided for average daily dose vs dust ingestion however this is not cited to an authoritative source
but appears scientifically sound.

The ADD values briefly discussed and compared against other published data. Most of the evaluation related to
concentrations and particle size.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Dust samples collected in 2018 from various locations in China and represent relevant exposure scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Equation, inputs and outputs are all provided.

Ingestion rate, BW provided with citations and chemical concentrations presented in the SI.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion on the uncertainties in the assessment and variability in the data across locations (office,
public environment, car) and particle sizes.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 357 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 4731349

Study Citation:	Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J. (2001). Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment-an inter-laboratory

exposure study. Indoor Air 11:145-149.

HERO ID:	4731349

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Equation not provided for oral and inhalation exposure estimates, but inputs and outputs are described. Back
calculation is possible.

Assumption of some evaluation during peer review, but evaluation not directly discussed.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Low

Exposure to chemicals in dust and indoor air is a scenario of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Low

Equation is not provided in the paper.

Daily uptake of dust and concentrations in dust provided to estimate oral exposure and inhalation rate and
indoor air concentrations provided to estimate daily inhalation intakes. Citations not provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited discussion on the uncertainties of the estimates based on assumptions and lack of data. Variability is
also not characterized outside of a provided range.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 358 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5017615

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone rubber) brooch

as a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 208:1002-1007.

5017615

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Low	Simple calculation to determine inhalation exposure was described in data source but no equation was pro-

vided.

Medium	TCEP inhalation exposure values were evaluated against exposure results from a different study using a differ-

ent sampling method (Schreder et al 2016).

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

High

Canadian study was published in 2018.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	There is limited description of the simple inhalation exposure model but there may be additional information in

the reference for inhalation rate (USEPA 2011, Exposure Factors Handbook).

Medium	Model inputs and defaults are generally identified, described and referenced.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The study characterizes and discusses variability in the personal air concentration inputs and sampling rates
used in the exposure calculation. Uncertainty and data limitations are also discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 359 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5039996

Study Citation: Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Lu, S., Kang, L., Luo, X., Liu, G., Cui, X., Yu, Y. (2019). Organophosphate ester and phthalate ester metabolites in urine from

primiparas in Shenzhen, China: Implications for health risks. Environmental Pollution 247:944-952.

HERO ID: 5039996

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Estimated daily intake equation was referenced and based on a scientifically sound approach.
Intake equation was referenced from peer reviewed sources; no mention of a more formal review.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling was conducted 2013 to 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Equation references are not free to the public (e.g., Guo et al 2011a).

All model inputs are defined, values provided, and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion was included on variability and uncertainty. Page 950 discusses uncertainty of using Fraction
urinary excretion.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 360 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5043334

Study Citation: Cao, D., Lv, K., Gao, W., Fu, J., Wu, J., Fu, J., Wang, Y., Jiang, G. (2019). Presence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame

retardants (OPEs) in indoor dust and air in Beijing, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 169:383-391.

HERO ID: 5043334

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Equations were not referenced but were based on known widely accepted methods.
Exposure estimates were compared by the authors to previously published literature.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling conducted in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

No additional information provided on equations and some of the references for inputs are not freely available
to the public.

Inputs defined and values were referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 361 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Modeling	HERO ID: 5043338

Study Citation: VeMzquez-G6mez, M., Hurtado-Ferndndez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the Barcelona

urban area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.

HERO ID: 5043338

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Total daily intake equation provided, explained, and cited.
Exposure levels compared to other published studies for similarity.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Dust exposure is a relevant scenario, but the concentrations used in the exposure calculations may not be trans-
ferable to US as they are from Spanish monitoring studies. Additionally, the time of collection is not specified,
but refers to a previous sampling study.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Equations are given and references included. Exposure estimation methods based on Cristale et al 2018 and
Gevao et al 2006.

Key inputs (dust ingestion rates) are from Ali et al 2012 and Jones-Otazo et al 2005 for mean and high expo-
sure situations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Not much discussion included about uncertainty and variability. Median and high scenarios based on concen-
trations from multiple locations. Toddlers and teenagers considered separately from adults as 'staff" at the key
locations.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 362 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5079822

Study Citation: Park, H., Choo, G., Kim, H., Oh, J. E. (2018). Evaluation of the current contamination status of PFASs and OPFRs in South Korean tap water associated

with its origin. Science of the Total Environment 634:1505-1512.

HERO ID: 5079822

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Daily intake via drinking water equation provided and cited to US EPA 2011.
US EPA equation accepted among scientific and regulatory communities.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Daily intakes estimated for water consumption via tap water using data that represents a current scenario of
interest, though the concentrations and exposure factors used are representative of Korea.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
Low

Equations and inputs are provided to follow methodology.

Inputs are described but text indicates summary in Table S4, which does not appear in the SI file. Citation is
provided to original data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Daily intakes provided for four age groups (toddlers, children, teenagers, adults) and one value reported for
each. Uncertainties discussed in total OPFR terms rather than per chemical.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 363 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5083520

Study Citation:

HERO ID:

Sha, B., Dahlberg, A. K., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L. (2018). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus

flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments. Environmental

Pollution 241:319-330.

5083520

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations

Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Daily exposure dose (DED) equation provided and described, described, and scientifically sound with a 1989

EPA citation. Air concentration equation also provided for relationship to disk samples, sampling duration, and
sampling/uptake rate.

Medium	Model is cited from EPA indicating acceptance in scientific/regulatory community, but limited comparison of

DED values against other studies for the specific scenario(s) of the study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

2018 study estimating exposure via inhalation in homes and offices, but all samples are from Sweden, poten-
tially limiting the relevance to US scenarios.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Model equations and inputs are all provided and can be followed and/or replicated as needed.

Inputs all described and values provided, either via sampling, questionnaire, or secondary data source.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Limited variability in sampling, with some discussion of uncertainties and gaps in the results, including a
discussion of the limitations of the exposure estimates.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 364 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5162697

Study Citation: Sun, Y., Liu, L. Y., Sverko, E., Li, Y. F., Li, H. L., Huo, C. Y., Ma, W. L., Song, W. W., Zhang, Z. F. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in

college dormitory dust of northern Chinese cities: Occurrence, human exposure and risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment 665:731-738.
HERO ID: 5162697

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations were provided and referenced from a peer-reviewed source in the supplemental material (S2.1).
Equations are from a peer-reviewed source and are based on concepts accepted by the scientific community.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposures are based on samples taken in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Model equations are provided in the supplemental material, which is not available for free to the public.
All model inputs are described and provided in the supplemental material (S2.1 and S8).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty in Section 3: Results and Discussion. The authors include
comparisons with different concentration values. Section 3.3.1 has some description on data gaps (college
dorm dust).

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 365 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5162898

Study Citation:	Khairy, M. A., Lohmann, R. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in the indoor and outdoor dust and gas-phase of Alexandria, Egypt. Chemo-

sphere 220:275-285.

HERO ID:	5162898

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations for daily dose via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact are reported and cited to the US EPA risk
assessment guidelines.

US EPA models accepted in scientific and regulatory communities.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Relevant models and current data reflect conditions of exposure to dust and gas in homes, workplaces, cars, and
outdoors, but concentrations represent the environment in Egypt.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Model equations, inputs, and outputs are provided.

All model inputs are identified, described, and have values with citations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Variability characterized in the best and worst case ingestion scenarios for working and non-working females
and toddlers. Uncertainties in the physicochemical parameters of chemicals were identified and tested.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 366 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5163218

Study Citation: Liu, X., Yu, G., Cao, Z., Wang, B., Huang, J., Deng, S., Wang, Y. (2017). Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants on skin wipes: Insight into

human exposure from dermal absorption. Environment International 98:113-119.

HERO ID: 5163218

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

One dermal dose equation adapted from an EPA source and the other from a peer reviewed literature source.
Authors compared values with other values in published peer reviewed literature.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling was conducted in 2016.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

All references for equations are not freely available to the public.

The model inputs are described and values are referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

The authors repeated samples for the same individual over four months and discussed uncertainties of modeled
methods.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 367 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5163353

Study Citation: Wang, Y., Sun, H., Zhu, H., Yao, Y., Chen, H., Ren, C., Wu, F., Kannan, K. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants

(OPFRs) in soil and outdoor settled dust from a multi-waste recycling area in China. Science of the Total Environment 625:1056-1064.

HERO ID: 5163353

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Estimated daily intake (EDI) equation cited to the United States EPA 2011 guidelines.
Estimated daily intake (EDI) equation cited to EPA 2011 guidelines.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure to outdoor settled dust as "uppermost surface layer of soil" and "particles that have settled onto
outdoor objects and surfaces" are pathways identified by the EPA.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Equations and input values are given and are sufficient enough to repeat the process.

Concentrations given from soil samples; input values and citations given for ingestion rates (EPA citation),
exposure duration, body weight, and absorption rate.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The authors provide some discussion on uncertainties related to particle size. The 5th, 95th percentiles and
median EDI values are given for average and high ingestion scenarios.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 368 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5163600

Study Citation: He, R., Li, Y., Xiang, P., Li, C., Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Cui, X., Ma, L. Q. (2016). Organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate esters in indoor dust

from different microenvironments: Bioaccessibility and risk assessment. Chemosphere 150:528-535.

HERO ID: 5163600

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Dose equation is referenced and is from a peer reviewed source.
The authors compared values to previous studies on in vitro methods.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling conducted between 2014-2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

All references for equations are not freely available to the public.
Inputs are defined, and values are referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty. Defined the use of different microenvironments, adult and
infant measurements, in vitro and in vivo comparisons and limitations with bio-accessibility values.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 369 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5163693

Study Citation:	Rantakokko, P., Kumar, E., Braber, J., Huang, T., Kiviranta, H., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C. (2019). Concentrations of brominated and phosphorous

flame retardants in Finnish house dust and insights into children's exposure. Chemosphere 223:99-107.

HERO ID:	5163693

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations	High

Metric 2: Model Evaluation	High

Model equations and references are provided, with robust descriptions.

Model evaluation of the exposure intake estimates involved analysis using input parameter values from various
sources and comparison of exposure intakes found in other studies.Model evaluation of the dust-air partition
model (for determining predicted concentrations) was performed by comparison of ratios of measured dust
concentration/predicted air concentration from this study to ratios of measured dust/measured air concentration
from a relevant monitoring study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario	Medium	The paper was published in 2019, but the model was validated based on a Norwegian study and the scenario in

this study applies to Finnish households.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4: Model and Model	High

Documentation Availability
Metric 5: Model Inputs and Defaults	High

Documentation and model descriptions are available in the study and companion documents (Weschler and
Nazaroff 2010, Little et al 2012, and Abdallah et al 2016).

Key model inputs and defaults are identified, referenced and clearly described. Parameters such as air and dust
concentration, partition coefficients, inhalation rate, ingestion rate, exposure duration, body weight, etc. are
provided in the text and Table S5.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

The study has extensive discussion of limitations and uncertainties. It provides a comparison of data with
other studies and discusses reasons for possible over estimation of calculated values. In addition, QA/QC
measures associated with the monitoring data (such as use of SRMs) were rigorous. However, characterization
of variance among modeled/predict data was limited.

Overall Quality Determination	High

Page 370 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5164389

Study Citation: Brommer, S., Harrad, S., Van Den Eede, N., Covaci, A. (2012). Concentrations of organophosphate esters and brominated flame retardants in German

indoor dust samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:2482-2487.

HERO ID: 5164389

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Critically Deficient
Critically Deficient

Methods and parameters are described for the ingestion model, but the model or equation itself is not given.
Since the model or equation is not given, it cannot be evaluated.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

This is a relatively recent study, but based on data from Germany rather than the US.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Low

The model is not provided in this document.

Some model inputs and parameters are given, but as the model itself is not, it cannot be determined whether the
given inputs and parameters are sufficient.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability is discussed. No particular discussion of uncertainty or limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Uninformative



Page 371 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5164542

Study Citation: Yin, H., Wu, D., You, J., Li, S., Deng, X., Luo, Y., Zheng, W. (2019). Occurrence, Distribution, and Exposure Risk of Organophosphate Esters in Street

Dust from Chengdu, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 76:617-629.

HERO ID: 5164542

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

Equations are from an EPA source.

Equations are from an EPA source and assumed to have undergone evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampling was conducted in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

The references for equations are all available to the public for free.

Model inputs are defined and values are provided along with references when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of variability and uncertainty including the effect of particulates on varying cities.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 372 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5164613

Study Citation:	Wang, Y., Li, W., Martinez-Moral, M. P., Sun, H., Kannan, K. (2019). Metabolites of organophosphate esters in urine from the United States:

Concentrations, temporal variability, and exposure assessment. Environment International 122:213-221.

HERO ID:	5164613

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
Medium

Exposure dose equation (Eq 1) is referenced from a peer reviewed journal and follows a scientifically sound
approach.

Equation is from a peer reviewed source and no formal evaluation described.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Samples were collected in 2018.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Equation is referenced, but some of the referenced papers are not free to the public (e.g., Chen et al 2018).
All inputs are described, values provided, and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion was included on variability and uncertainty, which included temporal variability analysis.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 373 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5165540

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Kim, J. W., Isobe, T., Sudaryanto, A., Malarvannan, G., Chang, K. H., Muto, M., Prudente, M., Tanabe, S. (2013). Organophosphorus flame retardants
in house dust from the Philippines: occurrence and assessment of human exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20:812-822.
5165540

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Basic intake equation provided with limited discussion and sources. Final values are divided by body weight

which is described in text rather than the equation.

Low	Assumption of peer review based on publication, but limited discussion of values in comparison to other pub-

lished studies.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

House dust ingestion is an exposure scenario of concern, but the sampled concentrations and resulting intakes
represent homes in Philippines that may not parallel the US.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Equations and inputs are outlined in the paper.

Medium	Inputs are all outlined, with only primary data being the measured concentrations. Absorption into body, dust

ingestion, body weight are all secondary data with citations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability in the high/median scenarios for adults and toddlers and concentrations based on two locations
(Malate and Payatas). There is limited discussion on uncertainty behind dust ingestion data.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 374 of 396

-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5165673

Study Citation:	Zhang, T., Bai, X. Y., Lu, S. Y., Zhang, B., Xie, L., Zheng, H. C., Jiang, Y. C., Zhou, M. Z., Zhou, Z. Q., Song, S. M., He, Y., Gui, M. W., Ouyang, J. P.,

Huang, H. B., Kannan, K. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants in China: Health risk from tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
(TCEP) exposure. Environment International 121:1363-1371.

HERO ID:	5165673

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

Total daily intake equation provided (in SI) and cited to peer reviewed studies (Fromme et al 2014, Hoffman et
al 2017, Chen et al 2018).

Some discussion comparing the doses to data published in other studies and assumption of evaluation based on
peer review.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Data are recent and inputs are sound, but doses represent Chinese populations rather than US.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Model equations, inputs, and outputs are provided.
Model inputs are described, tabulated, and cited.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of uncertainties in the molar fractions of metabolite to parents, but limited variability charac-
terized in the data. Single doses provided.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 375 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5166285

Study Citation: Poma, G., Glynn, A., Malarvannan, G., Covaci, A., Darnerud, P. O. (2017). Dietary intake of phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) using Swedish food

market basket estimations. Food and Chemical Toxicology 100:1-7.

HERO ID: 5166285

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Low

Method for estimating per capita intake is described in text with citations for inputs and theories.
Some comparison of exposure data to modeled data from other studies.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Data are relevant and accurately reflect dietary exposures in Sweden.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
High

Methods are described and inputs are provided.
Inputs are described and provided with citations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability characterized in food groups and lower and upper bound investigations. Uncertainties discussed and
the gap related to animal products ("food of animal origin") identified.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 376 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5166709

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Liu, X., Cao, Z., Yu, G., Wu, M., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Huang, J. (2018). Estimation of exposure to organic flame retardants via hand wipe,

surface wipe, and dust: Comparability of different assessment strategies. Environmental Science and Technology 52:9946-9953.

5166709

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	Daily uptake estimation equations given on page S13 of supplemental material appear reasonable, though basis

for these equations is not specifically cited.

Low	Uptake estimation equations appear to be of a standard type, but no specific discussion of evaluation or suitabil-

ity for the scenarios being modeled.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Study was published in 2018 but is based on occupational data from China, which may limit applicability for
modeling US populations.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Equations and variables are given on page S13 of the supplemental material.

Medium	Table S10 in supplemental material gives most model inputs (which generally seem to cite known sources) but

some are based on questionnaire responses, where the methodology is not specifically described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The last several paragraphs of the paper discuss some uncertainties and limitations of the results, such as the
differences from the various sampling methods used.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 377 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5176516

Study Citation:	Gomes, G., Ward, P., Lorenzo, A., Hoffman, K., Stapleton, H. M. (2016). Characterizing flame retardant applications and potential human exposure in

backpacking tents. Environmental Science and Technology 50:5338-5345.

HERO ID:	5176516

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Equation for exposure via inhalation not provided but assumptions and inputs are described and appear stan-
dard and scientifically sound.

No direct evaluation of exposure estimates but assumption of peer review during publication.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Published in 2016 and represents a reasonable scenario of interest.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

Equations are not provided.

Inputs to the exposure assessment are described and values are provided, cited to the EPA Exposure Factors
Handbook, but the completeness cannot be validated without the equation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Ranges (min and max) of inhalation exposures provided for adults and children 6-11. There is some discussion
around the variability between ages, but limited characterization of uncertainties.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 378 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5184238

Study Citation:	Zhao, L., Jian, K., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Letcher, R. J., Su, G. (2019). Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in Chinese foodstuffs: Dietary intake

estimation via a market basket method, and suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Environment International 128:343-352.
HERO ID:	5184238

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Mathematical Equations

High

The relevant equations are provided in section 2.5 and are cited to a previously published source.

Metric 2:

Model Evaluation

Medium

No specific discussion of evaluation, but the modeling equation appears to be drawn from previous peer-
reviewed works.

Domain 2: Representative







Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Paper was published in 2019 but based on food consumption and demographic data from China that may not be
applicable to the US population.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 4:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability

High

Section 2.5 provides sufficient information for estimated dietary intake equation.

Metric 5:

Model Inputs and Defaults

High

Sources are provided for per capita daily consumption values (Table 1) and average body weight used in mod-
eling EDI calculations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion of how regional factors in diet or food preparation may be responsible for variability.

Overall Quality Determination

High





Page 379 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5412073

Giovanoulis, G., Nguyen, M. A., Arwidsson, M., Langer, S., Vestergren, R., Lagerqvist, A. (2019). Reduction of hazardous chemicals in Swedish

preschool dust through article substitution actions. Environment International 130:104921.

5412073

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Daily intake equation provided and described. No source or citation for the equation but appears scientifically

sound.

Low	No discussion of model evaluation in the study, but assumption of some evaluation during peer review process.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Dust exposure in preschools is realistic scenario, but preschools sampled are in Sweden, potentially limiting the
comparative value to the US.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Equation provided to follow calculations of daily intakes.

Medium	All inputs provided. BW cited to EPA and concentration of dust in the monitoring samples, but ingestion rates

not cited.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium	Intermediate and high ingestion rates considered, and daily intakes presented for median, mean, and 95th

percentile concentrations. Correlation considerations provided in supplemental tile. Limited discussion of
uncertainties related to monitoring samples used in model.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 380 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5423396

Study Citation:	He, C., Wang, X., Tang, S., Phong Thai, Li, Z., Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F. (2018). Concentrations of Organophosphate Esters and Their Specific

Metabolites in Food in Southeast Queensland, Australia: Is Dietary Exposure an Important Pathway of Organophosphate Esters and Their Metabolites?.
Environmental Science and Technology 52:12765-12773.

HERO ID:	5423396

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

Equation for estimated daily intake via ingestion provided with a citation to a peer reviewed study.
Assumption of peer review based on publication of model in a previous study.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Daily intakes estimated may be reflective of Australian dietary exposure, but the EDIs are based on Australian
consumption patterns and concentrations.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
Medium

The equation, inputs, and outputs that are provided in this study are sufficient.

Inputs to the total EDI equation are provided and cited when needed, but intermediate values are not provided
(such as the daily intake for each food group, e.g. cereals).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Only average intake value provided, but strengths and limitations of the study and results are discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 381 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469238

Study Citation:	Xing, L., Zhang, Q., Sun, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, S., Xu, H. (2018). Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface

water and sediment from a shallow freshwater Lake, China. Science of the Total Environment 636:632-640.

HERO ID:	5469238

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Equation 3 for ADD is clearly described with 2 citations provided.

Medium	Basic dose calculation with 2 references cited. ADD is used in risk assessment which is more thoroughly

evaluated.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Sampled in 2016 in China.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Citations are provided and published in scientific journals. Model is a basic dose calculation.

Medium	Model inputs are identified, referenced and described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Primary concentration data used for input are from one area in China, secondary data for comparison are also
from China. Geographic trends affecting occurrence & distribution are discussed.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 382 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469244

Study Citation:	Zhang, B., Lu, S., Huang, M., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zheng, H., Jiang, Y., Bai, X., Zhang, T. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame

retardants in 0-5-year-old children: Potential exposure risk for inpatients and home-stay infants. Environmental Pollution 243:318-325.

HERO ID:	5469244

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	Estimated daily intake (EDI) equation provided and appears scientifically sound, though no source or citation.

Low	No discussion of model evaluation but assumption of a degree of evaluation during the peer review process.

EDI equation appears to follow standard intake estimate methodology.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure risk to flame retardants is a reasonable scenario and data are recent (2018), but the urinary samples
are for Chinese children and may not translate to exposure levels in US.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High	Model equation provided with description of methodology and required inputs.

High	Inputs are provided with citations where necessary or from sampled data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Some discussion on the limitations of the study, such as lack of contaminant source identification. Two urinary
excrete molar fractions considered in EDI calculations for comparison.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 383 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469253

Study Citation:	Pang, L., Yang, H., Wang, Y.,ue, Luo, X., Liu, S., Xiao, J. (2019). Organophosphate flame retardants in total suspended particulates from an urban area

of zhengzhou, China: Temporal variations, potential affecting factors, and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 176:204-
210.

HERO ID:	5469253

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

Equation was referenced and is from a peer reviewed source.

Standard equations conducted by authors and then compared values to other published values.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Sampling conducted in 2018.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Referenced sources for the equation are not available to the public for free.
Model inputs are all described and values are referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

The paper discusses seasonal variations, proximity to sampling sites and compares intake values with other
studies.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 384 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469298

Study Citation: Liu, Y. E„ Luo, X. J., Huang, L. Q„ Zeng, Y. H„ Mai, B. X. (2019).

South China. Science of the Total Environment 663:125-132.

HERO ID: 5469298

Organophosphorus flame retardants in fish from Rivers in the Pearl River Delta,

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

The equation is present but does not provide more detail.

Dose equations are accepted by the scientific community. No mention of a more formal evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Samples taken in 2014.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
Medium

Input reference is not freely available to the public.

All inputs are defined. Values are provided for most inputs (DC value is not provided).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion on the variability and uncertainty was included.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium



Page 385 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469614

Study Citation:	Pawar, G., Abdallah, M. A.,e, De S£a, E. V., Harrad, S. (2017). Dermal bioaccessibility of flame retardants from indoor dust and the influence of

topically applied cosmetics. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27:100-105.

HERO ID:	5469614

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Low
Low

Bioaccessibility and dose equation did not included references, but are considered acceptable based on scientif-
ically sound approaches.

Bioaccessibility and dose equation did not included references, but are considered acceptable based on scientif-
ically sound approaches.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Publication is from 2016.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Model documentation is not available (equations are not referenced).
Key model inputs are identified, described, and referenced when applicable.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Some discussion on variability and uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination

Low





Page 386 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469670

Study Citation:	Luongo, G., Oestman, C. (2016). Organophosphate and phthalate esters in settled dust from apartment buildings in Stockholm. Indoor Air 26:414-425.

HERO ID:	5469670

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

Medium
Medium

No equation is provided but model is described in words and assumed to be: household dust contribution to
daily dust intake, as fraction x [(dust ingestion rate x concentration in indoor dust)/bw]. Determinations made
using various inputs and defaults for average and high intake scenarios with adults and toddlers agreed with
Table 6 reported values.

Study monitoring data used as inputs were compared with literature values. General calculations for intake
values widely used but no validation for their specific scenario.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

This study was conducted in 2008 in Sweden.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

High
Medium

There appears to be sufficient documentation in data source and/or possibly references.
Model inputs & defaults are generally identified, referenced and described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Average and high estimated daily dust exposures were determined for adults and toddlers with some discussion
of uncertainty and limitations.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium





Page 387 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469782

Study Citation:
HERO ID:

He, C., Covaci, A., Heffernan, A. L., Baduel, C., Harden, F. A., Mueller, J. F., Toms, L. M. L., Nele Van Den, E., Hobson, P., Thai, P., Wang, X., Li, Y.
(2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters: Concentrations and age trends in Australian children. Environment International 111:124-130.
5469782

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

Medium	The EDI equation for daily intake of breast milk was provided. The equation was not cited, but it is considered

scientifically sound.

Low	Model evaluated in discussion by author and there is no information provided regarding model peer review in

journal publication.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium	Model inputs reflect conditions for exposure via breastfeeding in Australia, but may not reflect US conditions.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	Model equation and inputs are sufficient, but the model and documentation are not available.

High	Concentrations, intake, and body weight are provided and cited.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Variability across sexes discussed in concentrations. There was some discussion of limitations, such as not
considering other sources of exposure besides breastfeeding.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 388 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5469991

Study Citation: Wang, D., Wang, P., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhu, C., Sun, H., Matsiko, J., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Meng, W., Zhang, Q., Jiang, G. (2019). Temporal variations

of PM2.5-bound organophosphate flame retardants in different microenvironments in Beijing, China, and implications for human exposure. Science of

the Total Environment 666:226-234.

HERO ID: 5469991

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:
Metric 2:

Mathematical Equations
Model Evaluation

High
High

US EPA equation was cited.

US EPA equation was cited and expected to have undergone evaluation.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

High

Sampling conducted 2016 - 2017.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low
High

Cited equation reference is available to the public for free but supplemental information is not.

All inputs are described and referenced when applicable; most inputs are from the Chinese Exposure Factors
Handbook.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

High

Discussion included on variability and uncertainty. Included daily intake estimates for different seasons and
compared to other studies.

Overall Quality Determination

High



Page 389 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 5470172

Study Citation:	Chen, Y., Fang, J., Ren, L., Fan, R., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Zhou, L., Chen, D., Yu, Y., Lu, S. (2018). Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters in

children in South China: Concentrations, profiles and estimated daily intake. Environmental Pollution 235:358-364.

HERO ID:	5470172

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations
Metric 2: Model Evaluation

High	The EDI equation is based on a previous study which is referenced and based on a scientifically sound method.

Medium	The model has acceptance among the scientific community (accepted in peer reviewed articles), but it is un-

known if the equation has been evaluated using other models or monitoring data.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario

Medium

Samples were taken in 2015.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability
Model Inputs and Defaults

Low	The EDI equation is based on Fromme et al 2014 - this paper is not publicly available for free.

Medium	Inputs to the EDI equations are all defined, explained, and referenced when applicable; but all values for each

chemical are not reported. Paper just states to use molecular weight instead of listing those values.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty

Low

Limited discussion of variability and uncertainty are included with respect the EDI.

Overall Quality Determination

Medium

Page 390 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 6813729

Study Citation: Brits, M., Brandsma, S. H., Rohwer, E. R., De Vos, J., Weiss, J. M., de Boer, J. (2019). Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in South

African indoor dust and cat hair. Environmental Pollution 253:120-129.
HERO ID: 6813729

Domain

Metric

Rating

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability







Metric 1:

Mathematical Equations

Medium

No equation provided; simple intake calculation can be assumed with inputs and outputs provided.

Metric 2:

Model Evaluation

Low

Outputs compared to other studies, but no direct evaluation without the equation.

Domain 2: Representative







Metric 3:

Exposure Scenario

Medium

Exposure to indoor dust is a relevant scenario, but the data may be particular to South African environments.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 4:

Model and Model
Documentation Availability

Low

Without an equation, the calculations cannot be immediately followed or validated.

Metric 5:

Model Inputs and Defaults

Medium

Inputs are provided in the human exposure estimation description, with many exposure factors cited to U.S.
EPA. Without the equation, cannot validate all inputs are provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 6:

Variability and Uncertainty

Medium

Uncertainty addressed in the median and high concentrations used in the estimates, and estimates provided for
toddlers and adults under a mean and high ingestion scenario.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 391 of 396

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Modeling

HERO ID: 6815979

Study Citation:	Li, H. L., Liu, L. Y., Zhang, Z. F., Ma, W. L., Sverko, E., Zhang, Z., Song, W. W., Sun, Y., Li, Y. F. (2019). Semi-volatile organic compounds in infant

homes: Levels, influence factors, partitioning, and implications for human exposure. Environmental Pollution 251:609-618.

HERO ID:	6815979

Domain	Metric	Rating	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Mathematical Equations	High

Metric 2: Model Evaluation	Medium

Equations provided in supplemental document for EDI via air inhalation, air dermal absorption, dust non-
dietary ingestion, dust dermal absorption. All equations are described in detail and have citations, some US
EPA.

Model evaluation not directly conducted by author, but models are secondary. Assumed peer review and some
evaluation during initial publication.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 3: Exposure Scenario	Medium	Model inputs seem appropriate for estimating total daily intakes for infants via dust and air; not all intermediate

values provided for each route and the population is limited to the region in China.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 4: Model and Model	High	Model equations and inputs are sufficient.

Documentation Availability

Metric 5: Model Inputs and Defaults	Medium	Inputs are described and values provided with citations. Data quality criteria not discussed but values appear

appropriate.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 6: Variability and Uncertainty	Medium

The study characterizes the variability in intakes across chemicals but for a single population (infants) and in
one scenario (combined air and dust); correlation analysis conducted to identify major routes and influence of
each chemical.

Overall Quality Determination	Medium

Page 392 of 396

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TCEP

Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

Table 368: Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

Term

Definition

ABS

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

AM

Arithmetic Mean

ASA

Acrylonitrile Styrene Aery late

ASD

Arithmetic Standard Deviation

AQ

Antarctica

AR

Argentina

AT

Austria

AU

Australia

BCEP

Bis(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate

BE

Belgium

BO

Bolivia

BR

Brazil

CHAMACOS

Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas

CA

Canada

CA, US

California, United States

CH

Switzerland

CL

Chile

CN

China

CO

Colombia

CO, us

Colorado, United States

CR

Costa Rica

cws

Community Water System

cv

Coefficient of Variation

cz

Czech Republic

DCEP

Di-(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate

DE

Germany

DF

Detection Frequency

DK

Denmark

DWTP

Drinking Water Treatment Plant

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

ES

Spain

FI

Finland

FL

Florida

FR

Faroe Islands

GB

Great Britain

GM

Geometric Mean

GR

Greece

HIPS

High Impact Polystyrene

HK

Hong Kong

Continued on next page ...
Page 393 of 396

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TCEP

Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

Table 368 ... continued from previous page

Term

Definition

IL

Illinois

IN

Indiana

IR

Iran

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

IT

Italy

JP

Japan

KR

Republic of Korea

LOD

Limit of Detection

LOQ

Limit of Quantification

m

meter

MA

Massachusetts

MD

Maryland

MDL

Method Detection Limit

MRL

Method Reporting Limit

MR

Madrid Region

mg/day

milligrams per day

mg/g

milligrams per gram

mg/kg

milligrams per kilograms

mg/kg/day

milligrams per kilograms per day

mg/L

milligrams per liter

mg/mL

milligrams per millileter

MI

Michigan

MX

Mexico

n

Sample Size

ng

nanograms

ng/day

nanograms per day

ng/g

nanograms per gram

ng/g/d

nanograms per gram per day

ng/kg

nanograms per kilogram

ng/kg bw/day

nanograms per kilograms bodyweight per day

ng/L

nanograms per liter

ng/mL

nanograms per millileter

ng/m2

nanograms per square meter

ng/m3

nanograms per cubic meter

ng/POCIS

nanograms per polar organic chemical integrative sampler

ng/PDMS

nanograms per polydimethylsiloxane rubber composites

ng/SPMD

nanograms per semipermeable membrane device

NC

North Carolina

ND

Non-Detect

NL

Netherlands

nmol/g

nanomole per gram

NO

Norway

Continued on next page ...
Page 394 of 396

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TCEP

Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

Table 368 ... continued from previous page

Term

Definition

NR

Not Reported

NSW

New South Wales

NY

New York

NZ

New Zealand

OFR

Organophosphate Flame Retardants

OH

Ohio

OR

Oregon

OQD

Overall Quality Determination

PA

Pennsylvania

PC

Printed Circuit

PCABS

Polycarbonate Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

PETG

Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol

pg/kg BW/day

picograms per kilograms per bodyweight per day

pg/m3

picograms per meters cubed

Pg/,uL

picograms per microliter

PH

Philippines

PL

Poland

PM

Particulate Matter

ppbv

parts per billion volume

PR

Puerto Rico

PT

Portugal

PUF-PAS

Polyurethane foam-passive air samplers

RO

Romania

RSD

Relative Standard Deviation

SE

Sweden

STP

Sewage Treatment Plant

SVOC

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound

SWHT

Storm water holding tank

TH

Thailand

TR

Turkey

TX

Texas

M g/ft2

micrograms per feet squared

Mg/g

micrograms per gram

Mg/kg

micrograms per kilogram

,ug/kg/day

micrograms per kilogram per day

Mg/L

micrograms per liter

,ug/m2/h

micrograms square meter per hour

jUg/m3

micrograms per cubic meter

UK

United Kingdom

US or USA

United States of America

VDU

Visual Display Unit

VA

Virginia

Continued on next page ...
Page 395 of 396

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TCEP

Glossary of Select Terms for Data Extraction Tables

Table 368 ... continued from previous page

Term

Definition

VEAS

VN

WA

Vestfjorden Avl0psselskap

Vietnam

Washington

Page 396 of 396

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