Fast Facts National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory 3% Fluorinated Gases 6% Nitrous Oxide (N O) 9% Methane (CH.) Carbon Dioxide (CO,) I Electricity Transportation Industry Agriculture Commercial Residential 2012 1990 to 2012 i Total Emissions COaFrom Fossil Fuel Combustion 4.7% * | 6/526 million metric tons CO, equivalent 3.4%^ from 2011 levels 78%> of total emissions 3.8%^ from 2011 levels Total emissions 5.4% t Total COj emissions 6.9% t Commissions from fossil fuel combustion 10.8% + Methane emissions Download the Inventory at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html May 2014 EPA 430-F-l 4-014 ------- U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas ¦ B U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks by Chapter/IPCC Sector Note Relatively small amounts of GWP-weighted emissions are also emitted from me Solvent and Other Product Use sectors U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT C02 Equivalents) Gas/Source 1990 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 co2 5,108.7 6.112.2 5,936.9 5,506.1 5,722.3 5,592.2 5,383.2 Fossil Fuel Combustion 4.745.1 5.752.9 5.5934 5.225.7 5.404,9 5.271 1 5,072 3 Electricity Generation 1,820.8 2,402.1 2,360.9 2,146,4 2,259.2 2,158,5 2,022.7 Transportation 1,494 0 1,891 7 1,816.5 1.747,7 1.765,0 1.747,9 1,739.5 Industrial 845.1 827.6 804.1 727.5 775.6 768.7 774.2 Residential 3383 357 9 346 2 336 4 334.8 324.9 288.9 Commercial 219.0 223.5 224.7 223.9 220.7 221.5 197.4 U S Territories 27 9 50 0 41 0 43 8 49 6 49 6 49 6 Non-Energy Use of Fuels 120.8 141.0 128,0 108.1 120.8 117.3 110.3 Natural Gas Systems 37 7 300 32 7 32 2 32 4 35 1 35 2 Cement Production 33.3 45.9 41,2 29.4 31.3 32.0 35.1 Lime Production 11 4 14 0 14 0 10.9 128 13 5 13.3 Other Process Uses of Carbonates 4.9 6.3 5,9 7.6 9.6 9.3 8.0 Glass Production 1.5 1.9 1,5 1.0 1 5 1.3 1.2 Soda Ash Production and Consumption 2.7 2,9 2,9 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 Carbon Dioxide Consumption 1 4 13 1,8 1.8 2 3 1,8 1.8 Incineration of Waste 8.0 12.5 11,9 11.7 12.0 12.1 12.2 Titanium Dioxide Production 1.2 1 8 1.8 1.6 1 8 1.7 1.7 Aluminum Production 6.8 4.1 4.5 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.4 Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production 99 8 66 7 66 8 43 0 55 7 60 0 54.3 Ferroalloy Production 2.2 1,4 1.6 1,5 1.7 1.7 1.7 Ammonia Production 13.0 92 84 8.5 9,2 94 9.4 Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes 3.8 3.7 4,1 3,4 4.7 4.0 5.2 Phosphoric Acid Production 1.6 1 4 1.2 1,0 1.1 1.2 u Petrochemical Production 3.4 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.5 3,5 3.5 Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption 04 02 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Lead Production 0.5 0.6 0.5 0,5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Zinc Production 0.6 1,0 1,2 09 1 2 1 3 1.4 ------- 2012 U.S.CO2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector Note Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0 5 Ig C03 Eq from geotherrnoi- Dased electricity generation Cropland Remaining Cropland Wetlonds Remoining Wetlands Petroleum Systems Land Use. Land-Use Change, and Forestry (Sinkf International Bunker Fuels11 Wood Biomoss and Ethonol Consumption- ch4 Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Coal Mining Abandoned Underground Coal Mines Natural Gas Systems Petroleum Systems Petrochemical Production Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production Ferroalloy Production Enteric Fermentation U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allocated to Economic Sectors 7.1 1 0 0.4 (831 1) 103.5 2186 635.7 7.5 4.6 81.1 6.0 156 4 35.8 2 3 + 1 0 + 137.9 7.9 1.1 0.3 0.030 7) 113.1 2286 585.7 66 2.4 53.6 5.5 152 0 28.8 3 1 + 07 + 142 5 8.6 1 0 0.3 (981 0) 114.3 253 7 606.0 66 1.9 63 5 5.3 151 6 28.8 2 9 + 06 + 147 0 7.2 1 1 0.3 (961 6) 106.4 249 5 596.5 66 1.8 67.1 5.1 142 9 29.1 2 9 + 0.4 + 146 1 8.6 10 0.3 (968 0) 117.0 264.0 585.5 64 1.8 69.2 5.0 134 7 29.5 3.1 + 0.5 + 144 9 7.9 09 0.3 (980 3) 111.7 267 0 578.3 63 1.7 59 8 4.8 133.2 30.5 3.1 + 06 + 143.0 7.4 0.8 0.4 (979 3) 105.8 266.9 567.3 5.7 1.7 558 4.7 129 9 31.7 3.1 + 06 + 141.0 ------- ¦ Electric Powei industry H Transportation ¦ industry 8,000 H M Agriculture ¦ Commercial ¦ Residential ' : 5.000 ¦¦¦" inmiu O'-CNcOViflONaDO-Q^CM^V^ONCOQ'Qi-CN o-oo-o-a-ooo-o-oQSoogooooo — — — O-O-OO-O-OOO-5-O-OpOOOOOOOOOOO Note Does noi include U S territories U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions With Electricity Distributed to Economic Sectors ¦ Agriculture ¦ Commercial H Residential „ ¦ Itansportatlon H Industry 8,000 ~| iiiniiim l.OOOn 0_1 . . . I- - - - 1 O *— CM o ^ coo-o — CNO 1 i/) -o ^ ® & o •— CM &&&&&&£&&£:888888838Sooo r— r- r- — OMCNCMCSJCNCNCNI (NCMCNCN C\ CN Note Does not include U S territories + Does not exceed 0.05 MMT C02 Eq. 0 Sinks are only included in net emissions total. " Emissions from International Bunker Fuels are not included in totals. c Emissions from Wood Biomass and Ethanol Consumption are not included specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes in biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry d Small amounts of PFC emissions also result from this source. Note:Totals may not sum due to independent rounding. Manure Management 31.5 ' 47.6 51.5 50.5 51.8 52.0 52.9 Rice Cultivation 7.7 7,5 7,8 7,9 9.3 7 1 7.4 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land 2,5 8 1 8.7 5.8 4.7 14.0 15,3 Landfills 147.8 112.1 114.3 115.3 W.9 107.4 102,8 Wastewater Treatment 13,2 13.3 13,3 13,1 13.0 12 8 128 Composting 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 Incineration of Waste + + + + + + + International Bunker Fuels? 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 N,0 398.6 415.8 423.3 412.2 409.3 417.2 410.1 Stationary Combustion 12.3 20.6 21.1 20.8 22.5 21.6 22.0 Mobile Combustion 44 0 369 255 22.7 20 7 185 16 5 AdipicAcid Production 15.8 7.4 2.6 2.8 4.4 10.6 5.8 Nitric Acid Production 182 169 16.9 140 16.7 15.8 15.3 Manure Management 14.4 17.1 17.8 17.7 17.8 18.0 18.0 Agricultural Soil Management 282 1 297 3 3190 316 4 310.1 307 8 3066 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wastewater Treatment 3.5 4 5 4 8 48 49 5.0 5.0 Nj0 from Product Uses 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4,4 4.4 Incineration of Waste 05 0.4 0.4 04 04 0.4 0.4 Settlements Remaining Settlements 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land 2 1 7.0 7.5 5 1 4 2 11 8 12.8 Composting 0.4 1.7 ' 1,9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 Wetlands Remaining Wetlonds + + + + + + + International Bunker Fuels' 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 HFCs, PFCs, and SF4 90.2 140.0 151.8 148.0 157.6 165.3 165.0 HFCs 36.9 119.8 136.0 135.1 144.0 148.6 151.2 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances 0.3 103.8 122.2 129.6 137.5 141.5 146.8 HCFC-22 Production 36 4 158 136 54 6.4 6.9 43 Semiconductor Manufacture 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 PFCS 20.6 5.6 5.1 3.3 3.8 6.0 5.4 Aluminum Production 18 4 3.0 2.7 1.6 1.6 2 9 2.5 Semiconductor Manufacture 2.2 2.6 2.4 1.7 2.2 3.0 2.9 sf6 32.6 14.7 10.7 9.6 9.8 10.8 8.4 Electrical Transmission and Distribution 26.7 11.0 8.4 7.5 7.2 7.2 6.0 Semiconductor Manufacture 05 07 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 Magnesium Production and Processing 5.4 2.9 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.9 1.7 Total 6,233.2 | 7,253,8 7,118.1 6.662.9 6,874.7 6,753.0 6.525.6 Net Emission (Sources and Sinks) 5,402.1 wsm 5,772.7 5,546.3 ------- Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time Horizon) Gas GWP CO, 1 CH/ 21 NjQ 310 HFC-23 11,700 HFC-32 650 HFC-125 2,800 HFC-134a 1,300 HFC-143a 3,800 HFC-152a 140 HFC-227ea 2,900 HFC-236 fa 6,300 HFC-4310mee 1,300 6,500 c,f# 9,200 7,000 C/u 7,400 SF 23,900 Global warming potential (GWP) is defined as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a reference gas.The GWP-weighted emissions of direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (CO,), using units of million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMT CO, Eq). Conversion: 1 million metric Ions = 104 metric tons = 109 kg The molecular weight of carbon is 12, and the molecular weight of oxygen is' 16; therefore, the molecular weight of CO, is 44 (i.e., 12 + [16 x 2]), as compared to 12 for carbon alone.Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is 12/44 Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents: MMT CO Eq. = ( ) x (GW) x L-^—) 2 \ of gas / ; \1,000 Gg J Source: IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) "The CH, GWP includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of troposphere ozone and stratospheric water vapor.The indirect effect due to the production of CO, is not included Unit Conversions Guide to Metric Unit Prefixes 1 pound = 0 454 kilograms = 16 ounces 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds = 35.27 ounces 1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons = 2,000 pounds 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meters = 28.3168 liters 1 cubic meter = 35.315 cubic feet = 1,000 liters 1 U.S. gallon = 3.78541 liters = 0.03175 barrels 1 liter 1 barrel 1 barrel petroleum 1 mile 1 kilometer 1 square mile 1 square kilometer 1 acre = 0.2642 U.S. gallons = 31.5 U.S. gallons = 42 U.S. gallons = 1.609 kilometers = 0.6214 miles = 2.590 square kilometers = 0.386 square miles = 43,560 square feet „ = 0.0084 barrels = 119 liters = 159 liters = 5,280 feet = 3,280.84 feet = 640 acres = 100 hectares = 0.4047 hectares = 0.02381 barrels petroleum = 0.0063 barrels petroleum = 0.75 barrels petroleum = 4.047 square meters Prefix/Symbol Tera (T) Giga (G) Mega (M) Factor o12- 1,000,000,000,000 0s 1,000,000,000 000,000 0s Kilo (k) 1,000 Hecto (h) 10? 100 Deca (da) 10' 10 — 10° w = Deci (d) 10' .1 Centi (c) 107 .01 Milli (m) 10-3 Micro (p) .000001 Nano (n) 109 .000000001 Pico (p) 10'l? .000000000001 Carbon Information Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type ThS values in this table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents.These factors can be used as default factors, if local data die not available. Carbon (C) Carbon Dioxide Fuel Type Heat Content Content Coefficients (C02) per Physical Unit Solid Fuels Million Biti/Metric Ton kg C/Miliion Btu kg CO,/Metric Ton Anthracite Coal 24.88 28.28 2,579.9 Bituminous Coal 26.33 25.44 2,456.6 Sub-bituminous Coal 1889 26.50 1,835.9 Lignite 14.18 26.65 1,385.6 Coke 27.56 31.00 3.131.9 Unspecified Coal 27.56 25.34 2,560.0 Gas Fuels Btu/Cubic Foot kg C/Million Btu kg CO,/Cubic Foot Natural Gas 1.026 14.46 0.0544 Liquid Fuels Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel kg C/Million Btu kg CO,/Petroleum Barrel Motor Gasoline 5.22 19.46 372.2 Distillate Fuel Oil 5,83 20.17 430.8 Residual Fuel Oil 6.29 20.48 472.1 Jet Fuel 567 19,70 409.5 Aviation Gasoline 5.05 18.86 349.0 LPG 3.55 16.83 219.3 Kerosene 5.67 19.96 415.1 Still Gas 6.00 18.20 400.3 Petroleum Coke 6.02 27.85 615.1 Pentones Plus 4.62 19.10 3.23.6 Unfinished Oils 5.83 20.31 433.8 Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 2009 U.S. average values.All factors are presented in gross calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). LPG = liquefied petroleum gases. Miscellaneous products includes all finished products not otherwise classified (e.g., aromatic extracts and tars, absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, synthetic natural gas, naptha-type jet fuel, and specialty oils). Energy Units Btu British thermal unit 1 Btu MBtu Thousand Btu 1 x 103 Btu MM Btu Million Btu 1 x 106 Btu BBtu Billion Btu 1 x 10'Btu TBtu Trillion Btu 1 x 1012 Btu QBtu Quadrillion Btu fx !C" Btu For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID at http://Www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid. For other related information, see http://www.epa.gov/climatechange and http://unfccc.int. ------- |