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SNAP

SIGNIFICANT NEW ALTERNATIVES POLICY

April 2023

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap

FACT SHEET

Proposed Rule 26 - Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Listing of
Substitutes under the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program
in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration

Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program

Under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), EPA reviews
substitutes in a comparative risk framework. EPA lists these
substitutes as acceptable, acceptable subject to use
conditions, acceptable subject to narrowed use limits, or
unacceptable (prohibited) for specific uses. Section 612
requires EPA to list as acceptable those substitutes that do
not present a significantly greater risk to human health and
the environment as compared with other substitutes that are
currently or potentially available.

Final Rule

As part of the evaluation of overall risk to human health and
the environment, EPA considers many criteria, including the
flammability and toxicity of a substitute, worker and
consumer exposure, and environmental risks such as impacts
on ecosystems, local air quality, and on the global
atmosphere.

Today's Action

Under this proposed rule, 10 refrigerants would be listed as
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in the Refrigeration &

Air Conditioning sector. Consistent with CAA section 612 as it
has historically been interpreted under the SNAP Program,

EPA is proposing to issue these listings and modifications
based on evaluation of the substitutes addressed in this
action using the SNAP criteria for review and considering
other available and potentially available substitutes. EPA is
proposing use conditions that would reflect the Underwriters
Laboratory (UL) Standard 60335-2-89, 2nd Edition, and the

2022 edition of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 15 standard.

What is proposed in the Rule?

•	Lists 10 refrigerants as acceptable, subject
to use conditions

•	Modifies use conditions for R-290
(propane)

•	References latest version of UL 60335-2-
89, ASHRAE 15-2022, and ASHRAE 34-
2022

•	Exempts R-290 in refrigerated food
processing and dispensing equipment
from the CAA section 608 venting
prohibition

Which industrial sectors are included?

•	Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Who would be affected?

•	Chemical producers

•	Equipment manufacturers

•	Commercial and consumer end users of
equipment and products using
refrigerants

•	Service technicians


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AIM Act

The United States is phasing down
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) consistent with the
American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM)
Act's schedule and has recently proposed to
restrict the use of certain higher-global
warming potential (GWP) HFCs in specific
sectors and subsectors (December 15, 2022,
87 FR 76738). These proposed listings support
the transitions from HFCs.

This action also proposes to modify use conditions for the
refrigerant R-290 (propane) in certain refrigeration end uses.
EPA previously listed R-290 acceptable, subject to use
conditions, in new self-contained commercial ice machines
and stand-alone equipment in SNAP Rules 21 (81 FR 86779;
December 1, 2016) and 17 (76 FR 78837; December 20,
2011), respectively. This proposed action would modify
those use conditions to reflect the UL Standard 60335-2-89,
2nd Edition, in place of UL Standards 563 and 471, and would
apply to equipment manufactured after the effective date of
a final rule based on this proposal. In addition to proposing
to list propane as acceptable, subject to use conditions, as a
refrigerant in new refrigerated food processing and
dispensing equipment, EPA is also proposing to exempt propane in that end-use from the venting prohibition under
CAA section 608.

Summary of Proposed Rule

ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES, WITH USE CONDITIONS

End-Use

Substitutes

Conditions1

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Commercial Ice Machines (New)

HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, R-454A, R-454B,
R-454C, R-455A, R-457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Industrial Process Refrigeration (New)

HFC-32,2 HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E),
R-454A,3 R-454B,2 R-454C, R-455A, R-
457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Cold Storage Warehouses (New)

HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), R-454A,4
R-454C, R-455A, R-457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Ice Skating Rinks (New)

HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), R-454C,
R-455A, R-457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Retail Food Refrigeration (New)—Refrigerated Food
Processing and Dispensing Equipment and Stand-alone
Units

HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), R-454C,
R-455A, R-457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Retail Food Refrigeration (New)—Refrigerated Food
Processing and Dispensing Equipment

R-290 (propane)

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Retail Food Refrigeration (New)—Supermarket Systems
and Remote Condensing Units

HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), R-454A,4
R-454C, R-455A, R-457A, R-516A

Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

1	For specific use conditions for substitutes listed as Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions, consult the proposed rule.

2	HFC-32 and R-454B may only be used in chillers for Industrial Process Refrigeration.

3	R-454A may only be used in chillers, in equipment with a refrigerant charge capacity less than 200 pounds, or in the high-temperature
side of a cascade system, for Industrial Process Refrigeration.

4	R-454A may only be used in equipment with a refrigerant charge capacity less than 200 pounds, or in the high-temperature side of a
cascade system for Cold Storage Warehouses and for Retail Food Refrigeration—Supermarket Systems and Remote Condensing Units.

PAGE 2 OF 3


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ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES, WITH MODIFIED USE CONDITIONS

End-Use

Substitutes

Conditions1

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Commercial Ice Machines (New)—Self-contained Units

R-290

Acceptable only for use in new
equipment2 specifically designed for
the refrigerant, including conditions
requiring use consistent with UL
Standard 60335-2-89, 2nd Edition,
including testing, charge sizes,
ventilation, usage space requirements,
and certain hazard warnings and
markings

Retail Food Refrigeration (New)—Stand-alone Units

1	For specific use conditions, consult the proposed rule.

2	Applies to new equipment manufactured after the effective date of a final rule based on this proposal.

PAGE 3 OF 3


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