TyHm^arM OpHyyzj ^axb HYM
333MHIHJITHHH Xyyjlb ECHbl 60JI0H
3oxHU,yyjiajiTbiH CTaTyc
Mohtoji ^axb LUhh^bsp Taprarn HapT SopnyjicaH Tohm
2014 OHbi 7 cap
U.S. EPA
Coalbed Methane 1. /Global
IV
,, , OUTREACH PROGRAM
Methane Initiative
-------
Xapnyiyiara Yji XyJi33x IVte^iypji
9hb maun an a AMepuKUUH Hazdcan Y/icbiH Sauza/lb Op^Hbiz XaMzaanax AzeHm/iazm (AHYEOXA)
30pUy/10H 63/1171238. 9H3XYY dyH LUUHMU/lZ33hld O/IOH HUUI713d H33/1I71I713U 63/13H M3d33flflUU2 yypXOUH
6o/ioh 3ac2UUH 2a3pbiH azeHm/iazuuH a/i6aH myuuaa/imHyydaac luyyd aecciH Madaa/ia/imau xcuvim
60/ioecpyy/iM 63/1171238. AHYEOXA hb dapaax YYP3S xapuyu,/iaza xy/i33X2YU. YyHd:
(~) xyeuuH e/vmuuH apxuuz xeHde/izyuzssp, 3H3xyy mau/iaH unmzand H33H xapyy/icaH anueaa
npou,ecc, apza apzawan, annapam xapazc/iuuz aiuuznax, myyHW3H unmzan maunaHd
azyynazdam 6auzaa MadaannuuH napuue^nan, 6yp3H 6ym3H 6audan, aiuuzmau 3C3xuuh
ma/iaap me/iee/iceH maHunu,yynza, Madazdan xuux, 6ama/izaa zapzax;
(~) 3H3xyy mau/iaH u/imz3/id H33H xapyy/icaH a/iueaa npou,ecc, apza apzawan, annapam
X3p3zc3/i, M3d33/i/iuuz aujuznaxmau xon6oomou, 3C83/1 aujuz/iacHaac yydsH zapax za/vima/i
cozoz, caama/i dozo/id/ibiH ma/iaap xapuyu/iaza xynaax; 6o/ioh
(e) Shbxyy u/imza/i maunaHd dypbdcaH npou,ecc, 6yma3zdaxyyH, mexHonozuuH xanzan
Huunyynaz^uuH ma/iaap 6ama/izaa Homo/izoo zapzax 3apaz 6o/iho.
ii
-------
rapnnr
Xapnyu/iara Y/i Xy/issx M3,o,3r,a,3/i ii
fluarpaM iv
XycHsiT iv
Tobmm/icoh YrcuMH >Karcaa/iT v
Ta/iapxa/i vii
EpeHXkm tomm viii
1. YHfl3C/13/l 1
1.1. TeXHMKMMH YHA3C/13/1 2
H3M3/1T M3,0,33/13/1: 4
2. Mohto/ia HYM-biH /lmi,eH3>KYY/i3/iT3i-i,£],TaBm",£],ax Ulaapfl/iaryyAbiH Ta/iaapx OfloornMH OM/iro/iT ...4
3. O/ioh Y/icbiH Heeu, 933mlu/immh Boamt Cyfla/iraaHyyfl 5
3.1. AMepuKkiMH HsrflcSH Y/ic 7
fla/ifl HyyPchmm YypxaMH HYM Tec/ikiMH Boamt Cyfla/iraa 9
3epM/ikiMH 3oxnu,yy/ia/iT Xkmrflsx Bye (33B) 10
HyypcHMM Bye YypxaMHyyflbiH Boamt Cyfla/iraa: Batfowim-ir flaxb Tpohmmh YypxaMHyyfl 12
HYM-h Bofl/ioro 6a YpaMLuyy/ia/i 13
Tepeec Y3yy/i3x YpaMLuyy/i/iyyA 16
H3M3/1T M 3,0,33/13/1 17
3.2. XflTafl 18
HYM 6o/ioh HflM-H 933MLUM/i 18
HYM-h Bofl/ioro 19
H3M3/1T M 3,0,33/13/1 20
3.3. MeKCHK 21
Bofl/ioro 6a YpaMLuyy/ia/i 21
H3M3/1T M3,0,33/13/1 22
3.4. YKpaMH 22
H3M3/1T M 3,0,33/13/1 23
3.5. ABcrpa/iki 23
KBMMHC/iaHfl 24
Hbro CayT Bsm/ic 25
YpaMLuyy/ia/i 6a Bofl/ioro 25
H3M3/1T M3A33/13/1 26
3.6. KaHafl 26
A/i6epTa 26
iii
-------
BpnTaHkiMH Ko/iyivi6 27
HoBa Ckotma 27
YpaMLuyy/ia/iyyA 6a Bofl/ioro 28
H3M3/1T 28
3.7. TepMaH 29
YpaMLuyy/ia/i 6a Bofl/ioro 29
H3M3/1T M3,fl,33/13/1 29
3.8. O/ioh y/ic flaxb HYM-biH 933mlu/iyya 6a Bofl/ioryyA 30
4. MoHro/ibiH Xyy/ib ToirooMHKkmH 6yroy 3oxnu,yy/ia/iTbiH Bo/ioMHKyyfl: Hyypctsm Xo/i6ootom MeTaHbi
Heeu, Bo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbir XflHax, 3opny/iar,£],caH 32
4.1. 933MLU/1MMH Bo/iOMHKyyfl 32
4.2. Bofl/iorbiH Bo/ioM^yyA 32
CaHXYYrnMH YpaMLuyy/i/iyya, 33
CsprssrAsx 6yroy A/ibTepHaTMB Baru,biH CraHflapTyyA 33
Msfl/isr, M3,d,33/13/i Co/im/iu,ox Y/ic OpHyyfl 33
Aujur/iacaH MaTepna/i 35
XaBcpa/iT 1: 3epM/ikiMH 3oxnu,yy/ia/iTbiH BycyyA3A 3opny/icaH rMT-biH 3aaBapMki/iraa 40
/],HarpaM
fluarpaM 1: 2010 OHbi 6aM,fl/iaap HYM a/irapa/i as/ixmmh xsmhosha (Hmmt 160.5 MMTCE) 3
fluarpaM 2: AHY-h Xo/i6ooHbi ra3pyy,fl, 8
XycH3rT
XYCHsrT 1: HYM-biH Tece/i Bo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTafl Opo/iu,ox Bo/iom>ktom I~o/i I~o/i Ta/iyyfl ix
XYCHsrT 2: TYHLU/ism OpHyyflflaxb HYM-h 333mlum/it, Bofl/iorbiH XypaaHryfi xi
XYCHsrT 3: HYM-biH Tece/i Bo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTafl Opo/iu,ox To/i To/i Ta/iyyfl 5
Xych3it4: TYHLU/ism OpHyyfl flaxb HYM-h 333mlum/it, Bofl/iorbiH XypaaHryfi 30
iv
-------
Tobmm/icoh YrcMMH HKarcaasiT
Aba ABcrpa/in flo/i/iap
A3XBC A/ibTepHaTMB Spnmvi Xyhhmm BarL^biH CraHflapT (AHY, neHHCM/iBaH)
A3XBC A/ibTepHaTMB Spnmvi Xyhhmm BarL^biH CraHflapT (AHY, Oxaeo)
Am fl AHY-bm flo/i/iap
AM/1X Aiumr Ma/iTivia/ibiH /lm^eH3MMH Xyy/ib (AHY)
AMX3r Aiumr Ma/iTivia/ibiH Xspsr 3px/isx Ta3ap (MoHro/i)
AHC3XBC A/ibTepHaTMB 6o/ioh HexeH Csprssrflsx Spnmvi Xyhhmm BarL^biH CraHflapT (AHY, BecT
Bmp>kmh)
AHY AiviepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y/ic
AHYBOXA AiviepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y/icwh Bafira/ib OpnuH Xaiviraa/iax AreHT/iar
AHYOX AiviepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y/icwh Om Xaiviraa/iax A/i6a
Bkm Boflm Ky6 MeTp
BkcJ) Boflm Ky6 (Jjmt
BXr BYT33rfl3XYYH XyBaax Tspss
TMC r7io6a/i MeTaH CaHaaKivieHTMMH Xopoo (AHY)
THT Ta3ap 6a HeeL^MMH Tobhoo (XnTafl)
l~Hfl Ta3ap 6a HeeL^MMH flaivi
TPC TpuMH PuBepbiH CaB ra3ap (BafioivmH, AHY)
TX3fl3 ra3pbiH Xspsr 3px/isx floToofl 3eB/ie/i (AHY)
flXX flOTOOfl XsprMMH X3/1T3C (AHY)
33B 3epK/iMMH 3opn/iTyyflafl Ty/iryyp/iacaH Yhaschmm U,ori4 Xer>K/iMMH CrpaTerM
YL|XC
HBC HyypcTeperHMMH BaTa/iraawcaH CraHflapT (AHY)
HflM HyypcHMM flaBxaprbiH MeTaH (CBM)
H0AT Hswiyy 0pTrMMH A/i6aH TaTBap
HCB Hbio CayT Bsfi/ic
HC3XC HexeH Csprssrflsx Spnmvi Xyhhmm CepTucfjMKaT
HC3X3YA 2004 OHbi HexeH Csprssrflsx Spnmvi Xyhhmm 3x YycBspuMH Xyy/ib (repiviaH)
v
-------
HYM
Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH (CMM)
HYBXX
HYE-bm Xer>«yiMMH XeTe/i6ep
HYEL|Y0EK
HYE-bm L|ar YypbiH 0epH/ie/iTMMH Ta/iaapx EpeHXMM KoHBemj
HXK
Het()Tb 6a Xmmh Kommcc ( KaHafl, EpmaHMMH Ko/iyM6)
npcr
nayflep PuBepuMH CaB Ta3ap (AHY, BafioMMH 6o/ioh MoHTaHa)
ppp
Psmbh Pm>k Pecypc KoivinaHM
PEMEX
neTpO^eOC MeKCMKaHOC (MeKCMKMMH TOpMMH 333MUJ/1MMH ra3pblH TOCHbl KOIVinaHM
CaMHO neK
HaMHa rieTpo-XuMMMH KopnopaL^n
C02e
HYYPCTepemMMH flaBxap Mc/immh 3KBMBa/ieHT
TH/1E
TaHnrflcaH HaTpuMH /lm^eH3MMH Eye (AHY)
THCHHE
TaHnrflcaH HexeH Csprssrflsx HyypcHMM HeeL^MMH Eye (AHY)
T3AY
TepMMH 333MLU/1MMH A>K YM/lflB3p (XflTafl)
WAMX
Yy/i Yypxafi, Aiumr Ma/iTMa/ibiH Xyy/ib (KaHafl, A/i6epTa)
YYfl
Yy/i YypxaMH flaM (MoHro/i)
YY3X3K
YKpaMHbi YHflscHMM 3pHMM Xyn 3oxMLjyy/iax Kommcc (YKpaMH)
XaM.Xspsrw
XaiviTapcaH XspsD+cyy/is/iT
XEE
Xanrfl^biH EaTa/iraawcaH Eyypa/iT
XX
Xy/13M>KMMH XMM
XX EX
Xy/i3ivi>KMMH Xmmt Eyypyy/iax XeTe/i6ep (ABCTpa/in)
xxrK
Xy/i3ivi>KMMH Xmmh ryfiljstts/immh Kpeflm (KaHafl, A/i6epTa)
L|AX
L|3B3p AraapbiH Xyy/ib (AHY)
u,ye3rxK
L|ar YypbiH 0epH/ie/iTMMH Ta/iaapx 3acmMH Ta3ap XoopoHflbiH Kommcc
L|YTH
L|ar YypbiH Te/ieex HeeLj (AHY)
L|XM
L|3B3p Xer>«yiMMH MexaHM3M
axyyfl
3pnnM Xyn, Yy/i YypxaMH flaM (KaHafl, EpmaHMMH Ko/iyM6)
3Xfl
3pHMM Xyn HUM flaM (M0HI"0/l)
IOA3
(OTa AMepuKaH 3Hep>KM
-------
Tajiapxaji
3h3 MaTepna/ibir AMepuKkiMH HsrflcsH Y/icbiH Bawra/ib OpMkiH XaMraa/iax AreHT/iarbiH (AHYBOXA)
XYC3/iT33p, ,/1,3/ixmmh MeTaHbi CaHaaM/iarbiH ASMHK/isrreMrsap (flMC) 63/iTraB. HyyPchmm flaBxaprbiH
MeTaHbir fls/irspYY-^x XeTe/i6epT3M (HflMflX) xaMTpaH Psmbh Pm>k Pecypcec HHKopnopsMTSfl (Raven
Ridge Resources, lncorporated)-H 6arnMH tmluyya 6o/iox Hap/in A. Borep, PeMMOHfl C, riki/mep, >KeMMC
C. Mapwa/i, KaHfluc/l.M. Te/i/ino Hap o/ioh hmmtsa hss/ittsm msass/is/ia yhA3c/13>k shs TaM/iaHr rapraB.
vii
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EpeHXHH TOHM
Mohto/i y/ic 12 rapyfi T3p6yM MeTp tohh hyyPchmm 6aT/iar,fl,caH Heeu,T3M, hyypcssp 6aa/iar opoH 6eree,fl,
YYH33C m m/iyy nx x3M>t«3Hkm H33r,fl,33rYM Heeu, 6mm. Cyy^hmh >km/iyyA3A, MoHro/ibiH 3acmMH Ta3ap
6o/ioh HYYPCHkm ca/i6ap hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaH, hyyPcsh A^BxaprbiH MeTaHbir (HflM) o/i6op/io>K,
aujur/iax Ta/iaap mxssxsh an xo/i6or,fl,o/i em sxs/icsh. HYM Hb HYYPCTepemMMH flaBxap mc/issc 25 flaxMH
xymtsm XY/i3M>KkmH xmm (XX) iom 1. MeTaH Hb 6aMra/iMMH xmmt 6ypaYY/13™ YhAC3h xscsr, awMr/ia>K
60/ioxyMU, spMMM xymmha xyBkipra>K 6o/i,fl,roopoo 6ycaa XX-c a/iraaTaM. Mmmssc MeTaH xaarflaxbir
6yypyy/iax Hb XX-r 6yypyy/iax 3ap,fl,a/i 6araTaM apra 6eree,fl„ spMMM xyhhmm HafiflBapTaM 6aM,fl,a/i, spy\v\h
3acrnMH ece/iTkmr HSMsrAYY-^x, araapbiH MaHap, xefle/iMepMMH aioy/irYM 6aM,fl/ibir caM>xpyy/iHa.
2008 OHbi 3-p capbiH 27-ha, Mohto/i Y/icbiH 3acmMH Ta3ap Hb ,0,3/ixmmh MeTaHbi CaHaaMki/irbiH (flMC) 24
flax rmuYYH 6o/icoh. flMC 60/1 as/ixmmh MeTaHbi a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax, 6yypa/iTbir TYprscrsHK, yhb u,3H3
6yxmm u,3B3p spMMM xyhhmm ax YYCB3P 6o/iroH o/i6op/iox, aujur/iax 3opM/iroTOM o/ioH-Ta/ibiH opo/iu,oo
6yxmm caMH AYPt>iH 6aMryy/i/iara kdm.
Mohto/i Ta/ibiH a/i6aH Tywaa/iTHyyfl,, yypxaMHyyft moh 6yca,fl, 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl, Mohto/ia HYM toc/iyyahmt
x3psr>KYY^3X3A A3M>K/i3r \/3\/\/A3x, xeHreBM/iexefl Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o,fl/ioro 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, Tyc/iax
YYAH33C A3/1XMM flaxuHbi HYM-Hbi xyy/iMMH 6o/ioh 30xnu,yy/ia/iTbiH Ta/iaap cohmpxohk 6yfiraa
M/13pXMM/lC3H. HYM-TaM XO/l6oOTOM MOHTO/lblH OflOOrMMH Xyy/IMMH OpMMH 60/lOH 30XMU,yy/ia/lTblH
Ta/iaap flyp^a^ AMepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y/ic (AHY) 6o/ioh 6yca,fl, ro/i opHyyAafl 6opy\i >kmlu33h A33P
TaM/i6ap/iaHa. 3u,3ct Hb, shsxyy MaTepna/i m>k 6ypbh HYM-Hbi 6o,fl/ioro 60/10Bcpyy/iaxafl xspsirsM xsfl
x3,o,3H 6o/iom>k, Hexu,e/iYYAH^r TaHki/iu,yy/iax 6o/iho.
HYM o/i6op/io/iT, aLunr/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom tbxhmkmmh M3,fl,33/i/iMMr Xscsr 1.2-biH TexHMKMMH
Yh,d,3c/13/133c xapHa yy.
MoHroji flaxb 0HeerHHH Hexu,eji EaHflaji
MoHro/ibiH aujkirT Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu, Hb y/icbiH M3fl/ikiMHX 6a Yy/i YypxaMH flaM (YYfl) 30xnu,yy/iAar. Wfl-
Hbi xapbaa x3psr>KYY^3rM areHT/iaryyfl 6o/iox Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Xspsr 3px/isx Ta3ap (AMXr) 6o/ioh
HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/isx Ta3ap Hb spflsc 6aa/iar, HecJmiMH Heeu,MMH /inu,eH3>KYY^3^T, xo/i6orflox
3aa/iTyyAt>iH xspsrHKki/iTkmr xapnyu,Aar. 2006 OHbi arnurT Ma/iTMa/ibiH xyy/ikiMH A^ryy AMXr Hb spflsc
6aa/iar TyxaM/i6a/i hyypctsm xo/i6ootom acyyfl/ibir xapnyu,Aar 60/1 Hec()TMMH Xspsr 3px/i3x Ta3ap Hb 1991
OHbi Hec()TMMH xyy/iMMH A^ryy lumhtsh, xmmt rnflpoKap6oHbi y^Abbp/ib/ia 30Xkiu,yy/ia/iT xmm>k 6aMHa.
OfloornMH 6aMfl/iaap HflM, HYM-Taki xo/i6ootom AMap H3r apn/i>Kaa 6akixrYM 6o/iobm Ctopm KaT
3Hep>Kki 6o/ioh Hec()TMMH Xspsr 3px/isx Ta3ap 2004 oha HflM-biH xafiryy/i, BYT33rfl3XYYH XyBaax rspss
(BXr) xmm>k 6aMcaH. XapnH eHeer xypts/i 3eBxeH HYM rs>K aHrn/iarflax Heeu,efl 3opny/icaH xakiryy/i, BXr
flpnrfla>K 6aMraarYM m AMXr-H M3fl33/icH33p hyyPchmm /ikiu,eH3 sssmlumtmha eepcflkiMH /imj,eH3MMH
XYP33HA 36BX6H hyyPchmm YH3/ir33 rapraafl 3orcoxrYM hyypc 6o/ioh xypss/ish 6yn flaBxaprbiH MeTaHbi
Heeu,efl YH3/ir33 xmmx Luaapfl/iaraTaM 3aa/iTyyfl 6aMflar 6aMHa.
Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH xyy/ib 6o/ioh HecfmiMH xyy/inkir a/ib a/ikiHbir Hb flaxnH lumh3mm/i>k 6aMHa. Alumit
Ma/lTMa/lblH Xyy/lklMH LUMH3MM/1C3H XyBM/l6ap 2012 OHbi 12 capfl X3B/13rflC3H. yyjl Hec()TMMH Xyy/lklMH
LUMH3MM/1C3H HaMpyy/ira 6yxmm iecnv\w 2013 OHbi 6 capbiH 27 HAyMX-ATaHki/iu,yy/icaH.
1100 >km/immh xyraL^aaHfl as/ixmmh fly^aap^biH Te^eB 6awfla^. 2007 L|y03rXK flepeB flYrssp YHS^rssHMM Taw^aH
(AR4), x 212.
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wgl/ar4-wgl-chapter2.pdf
viii
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HYM-TaM xo/i6ootom 9MH9X acyyA/iyyflbir Wfl-Hbi HecfmiMH Xspsr 3px/isx Ta3ap xapnyu,a>K 6aMcaH m,
3pMMM Xymhmm flaM (3Xfl) MeTaHbi Heeu,MMH LiJMH>KM/ir33, xafiryy/i xmmx 30BLueepe/i o/irox spxkifir
333MLUMH3 rsflsr. 3Xfl-Hbi TsprYYH 3opn/iT Hb spMMM xyMHMM xaHrawiw, Tyr33/iT 6eree,£], HflM-Hbl
6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT, cy,fl,a/iraa LiJMH>KM/ir33T3M xo/i6ootom acyyAa/ifl opo/iu„£],or HecJmiMH Bofl/iorbiH
By/isirsM. 3h3 6y/i3r Hb HflM-biH xaMryy/ifl 3Xfl-c 30BLueepe/i aBax ecTOM rs>K ysAsr.
Ojioh yjicbiH Heeu, 333muijihhh Bo^ht Cy^ajiraaHyy/i,
HYM aryy/icaH awmT Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,kmr XflTafl, YKpafiH, MeKCMK, TepMaH 33psr opHyyflaA 3acrnMH
ra3ap 333mlum>k, ABCTpa/infl My>K y/ic/afiiviar Hb 333MLU,fl,3r 60/1 xapnH AMepuKkiMH HsrflcsH Y/ic, KaHaflafl
XO/l6oOHbl 60/lOH XyBMMH 0MM/10/ieep 333ML1JMH3. AlUMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH HeeU,MMH 90 XyBb Hb XO/l6oOHbl
6aM,a,ar KaHafl rax mst y/icbiH xyBbfl aLumr Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH 30xnu,yy/ia/iTbir xo/i6ooHbi
3CB3/1 My>K y/lCblH/My>KMMH TyBLUUHfl flByy/l>K 60/lOX 60/lOBM xyy/lb 60/lOH /lMU,eH3MMr My>KMMH TyBLUMHA
30xmj,yy/i,£],ar.
Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH /imj,eH3, /imi,eH3MMH Te/i6ep xypaax YYP3r xy/issflsr xo/i6ooHbi 6o/ioh y/icbiH
6aMryy/i/iara TyxaM/i6a/i aaiviHaac ra,fl,Ha o/ioh TOOHbi 6yca,fl, opo/iu,orM Ta/iyyfl 6aM,fl,ar. XyCHarT 1-p HYM-
biH Tece/1 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, opo/iu„£],or Ta/iyyflbir >Karcaa>K \/3\/\/A3B.
XycHarT 1: HYM-bm Tece/i Eo/iOBcpyy/ia/iTafl Opo/mox Eo/iom>ktom fo/i fo/i Ta/iyyfl
TaiiyyA
3acrHHH ra3pbiH Tyboihh
ryHL],3Tr3x Yypsr
3pHHM Xyn, He(J)Tb,
ra3pbiH
MeHe>KMeHTHHH HaM/1,
T3X M3T
Y/lCblH 3CB3/1 My>Ky/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
X0/l600Hbl 3CB3/1 My>K y/lCblH/My>KMMH
333MLU/1MMH a WHIT Ma/lTMa/lblH H00I4MMH
/lM14eH3, H0X0H C3pr33^T3flTaBMrflaX
Luaapfl/iaryyfl
3pHHM XyHHHH
3oxHuyyjiarHH/i,
Y/lCblH 3CB3/1 My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
Eafira/iMMH xmmh xoo^oMHyyflbiH 30Biu00p0^
6a M3pr3>«yiMMH xnHa^T, L^axn^raaHbi flsfl
6yt3U
BanrajiHHH Heeu,HHH
X3JIT3CYYA
y/lCblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH,
HyTrnMH
0p0Mfl^0rTTaBnrflax luaapfl^aryyfl,
30BLU00p0/l 6a H0X0H C3pr33^T3flTaBMrflaX
luaapfl^aryyfl, o^6op^o^TbiH Taw^aH,
yypxaw 6a Het()Tb & xmmh o/i6op/io/iTOfl
TaBurflax xflHa^T
Xyp33^I3H 6yft OpMHbl
X3JIT3CYYA
Y/lCblH 3CB3/1 My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
Bawra^b opnuHfl coproop He^ee^ex
YHS^rssr raprax
Baflrayib opMHH,
Saflrayib opMHbi
xaMraayiyibiH aaM/i,
3CB37I areHTiiaryy/i,
Y/lCblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH,
HyTrnMH
Araap ycHbi naHapbiH eapuMT^axflYPWYYfl
6a 36Biueep^YYfl/ XYP33/i3H 6yw opHHbi
He^ee^e^fl aHa^M3 xmmx flYP^YYfl 6o^oh
YH3/1T33, XOpT MaTepMa^blH AYP3wiz H0X6H
c3pr33/iT3fl TaBurflax luaapfl^ara,
HYYPCTepemMMH flYP3W|/aw|/ia/1T/6YPTr3/1
U,axHiiraaH TyrssrH
Y/lCblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH,
HyiTMMH, 3CB3/1 XyBMMH
Yfi/iflB3p/i3C3H L^axn^raaHfl xo^6ox,
L^axn^raaH xyfla^fla>K aBax
YHJIHHJIT33HHH XOpOO,
YHJTHHJIT33
30XHU,yyjiax xopoo,
HHHTHHH
YH^IHHJir33HHH XOpOO
Y/lCblH 3CB3/1 My>Ky/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
YH3TapM(t), HMMTMMH YM/lHM^r33r
30xm^yy^ax, csprssrflsx/a^bTepHaTMB
6arL^biH CTaHflapT
ix
-------
TaiiyyA
3acrHHH ra3pbiH Tyboihh
rYHU,3TT3X YYp3r
H)Myy HHHTHHH
YH/IHH/ir33HHH XOpOO
yypxaftH aioyjiryH
Saft/yibiH aaM/i, 6yioy
yAHP/yiara
y^CblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
yypxaMH aioy/iryw a>KM/i/iaraa, spYY^
MSHflMMH CTaHflapTyyflbiH hum 143/1, araap
flaxb MeTaHbi xypmvrr/ia/i 6o/ioh
araap>Kyy/ia/iTbiH Te/ieB/ie/iTMMr 6aTa/i>K,
XflHa/lT T3BMX
Xe^e/iMep
xaMraayiyibiH Syca/i,
xaHajiTyy/i,
y^CblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH
Xefle/iiviep xaiviraa/ia/ifl TaBurflax
luaapfl/iaryyflbir xspsrwYY^w, xnHa/iT TaBMHa
IJsijsp/isrT
xyp33iT3HrYYA Sojioh
tyyxhhh ^ypcra/iT
ra3pbiH X3JIT3CYYA
y^CblH, My>Ky/lCblH/lViy>KMMH,
HyTrnMH
Tyyxmmh flypcra/iT ra3pyyfl 6o/ioh xobop
HaHflMH o/iflBopyyflbir xaflra/iw
xaiviraa/iaxafl XHHa/iT TaBMHa
XyBHHH vm ra3ap
333MUIHrHHfl
XyBMMH
TyxaMH ra3apT HSBTpsx 36Biueepe/i erHe
XyBHHH arnnrT
Ma/ITMa/IbIH 3px
333MUIHrHHfl
XyBMMH
AlUMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH 3pXMMrTYP33C/lYY^13X
HYYPCHHH yypxaftHyyA
Y/lCblH, My>K y/lCblH/lViy>KMMH, 3CB3/1
XyBMMH
Tece/i 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT, yypxaMH ra3apT
H3BT3PH epeiVlfl/ierMMH a>KM/l 30XM0H
6afiryy/iax
XHHH/1, JIHU,eH3
ojirorHH/i,
XyBMMH
/lni4eH3MMH XYYr xs/is/iljsx , Tece/ifl xaiwrpaH
opo/n^ox, epeivifl/ierMMH a>KM/i 30xmoh
6afiryy/iax
XYP33^I3H 6yft OpHHbl
Sy/iryy/],
XyBMMH
/lni4eH3MMH YHS/irssr raprax, xo/i6orflox
flYPWYYflu^1" 6apnMTa/i>K 6afiraa scsxsfl
YH3/13/1T erex, XYP33/i3H 6yfi opHHbi
acyyfl/iyyflbir o/ioh hmmtsa OM/iryy/iax.
HYM-brn T6c/iYYA3A o/ioh TOOHbi Ta/iyyfl opo/iu,o>K 6afiraa Ty/i 3epMM/i Mapra/iflaaH YYC3X33C csprkm/iw
AYP3M 6aT/iax,fl,aa spx MSfl/ikmr Tycraap/iax Hb Myxa/i. Tece/i 60/10Bcpyy/iax yyAhbbc xapBa/i HYM-biH
HeeU,MMr 333ML1JMX Hb T0C/1MMH CaHaaHaaC 3X/133,£], X3p3l">KM/lT XYPT3/1X epreH XYP33T3M ywn flBU,blH 3eBXeH
H3r Ta/i rsflrnMr OM/irox Hb Myxa/i 6eree,£], HYM-brn Tec/ikmr xspsrwYY-^xsA aroy/irYM a>KM/i/iaraa 6o/ioh
XYP33/13H 6yi>i opMHbi AYP3M >KypaM 33psr 6ycaa aBM Y33X ecTOM acyyfl/iyyflbir toou,oo/icoh 6afix ecTOM.
XyCHarT 2 -oop HYM-brn 333mlu/immh xyy/ib, 3H3 TaM/iaHfl flypflarflcaH y/ic opHyyflaA HYM-brn Tece/i
6o/ioBcpyy/icaH 6o,fl/ioro, ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH Ta/iaap xypaaHryki/iaH ybyY-™33-
x
-------
XycHarT 2: TyHiiJ/iam OpHyyA flaxb HYM-h 933mujm/it, BoA/iorbiH XypaaHryft
ync
HYM 333MUIHJI
HYM Eo/yioro/ypaMmyyjiJiyy,fl,
ahy
BapyyH xscrssp xo/i6ooHbi 333mujm/i 30hxm/iho;
3YYH X3C3IT XyBMMH
HyYPCSHfl aryy/iarflflarryM
X3flMM H IBLA-MMH UJMMflBSpSSp HYYPCHMM
/ini4eH3 333MLUMrH xspsB xycbs/i HYM aiunma>K
60/lHO
HYM-bm a/irapa/i Hb 30XMLjyy/ia/iTaap
xfl3raap^arflaxrYM; tsbh xy/ismwmmh xmmh
Taft/iaH rapraxbir waapflflar 6a 3apmvi
TOXMO/iflo/ifl 30Biueepe/i xspsrrsfi; xy/ismwmmh
xmm 6yypyy/iax xeTe/i6epT caMH flypaapaa
opo/ii40>K 6o/ioxooc raflHa xy/ismwmmh xmmh
fl33fl xfl3raap, tyyhmmt xyfla/iflaa/iax Ka/int|)opH
iviywy/icbiH 3aM/iiurYM iviepflex xeTe/i6epT
OpO^L^OHO; X3fl X3fl3H My>K y/1 Cbl H 6ai"LJblH
craHflapTafl HYM-bir a/ibTepHaTMB spnmvi
xyhhmm 3x yycb3P 6o/iro>K opyy/icaH
XaTa/i,
Y/icwh 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
Hyypc 6a HflM-fl Tycafl Hb /iMLjeH3 o/iroflor,
M6H XaMTafl Hb H 60/lHO; M/l 0/l6op/10/lTblH
eiviHe HflM copyy/iaxafl /iMLjeH3 (Het()Tb 6o/ioh
6afira/iMMH xmm rs>K 30Xkmyy/ia/iT xmmcsh)
xspsrrsfi; VAM-h H6X6H csprss/iT, yypxafi-flOTop
luaBxcaH, xoocoh ny/iyy/iraac luaBxcaH HYM -p,
HflM-bm /ini4eH3 ujaapfl^araryM
Copyy/icaH HYM-h 30%-c m/iyY1" aiumviax loiviyy
luaTaax ecTofi; HYM aiumviaxafl Ky6 MeTpT0.2
loaHMMH TaTaac erfler 60/1 HflM/HYM-p
a>KM/i/iaflar LjaxM/iraaH CTaHL^afl 0.25
KiaHb/KBT.L^ TaTaac o/iroflor; xawryy^biH 6o^oh
/ini4eH3MMH xypaaivi>Kaac ne/iee/iHe, tohot
Texeepeivi>Kfl33p H0AT-aac ne^ee^He
MeKCHK
Y/icwh 333MiuM^fl 6afiflar
Hyypchmm yypxafir rspssrssp aujumarn
(KOHL^eccnoHep) Hb HflM/HYM o/i6op/io>K
Tyxamh ra3apTaa xspsmsx (on-site) loiviyy scbs/i
3acrMMH ra3pblH 333MUJ/1MMH XMMH KOMnaHMfl
xmm 6op/iyy/iaxbir 36BiueepHe
2014 OHOOC 3X/13H Het()T3Hfl HYYPCXYH/IMMH XMMH
TaTBap OHorflyy^Ha rs>KY33>K6aMraa.
MeKCMKMMH 30xmoh 6awryy^caH L|XM
Tec^YYflM^H XBB Hb TaTBapaac 3aw^cxMMX3fl
aujnmarfla>K 6o^30iurYM.
ynpaHH
LUmhs yypxaMHyyflafl HYM-h /ini4eH3MMr
3acrnMH ra3paac erex 6o/iom>ktom; Ofloo
6afiraa yypxaMHyyfl HYM-h xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT
flByy/iax 30Biueepe/i aBax luaapfl/iaraTafi;
YypxaMHyyfl eepcflMMH HYM o/i6op/iox spxss
3ap>K 6o/iho
HYM-bm Tec/iMMH op^orooc TaTBap aBaxrYM;
YypxaMHyyfl HYM-bm n^rapa^Tafl xn3raap TaBnx
ujaapfl/iaraTaw; CanxHbi TaTBapbiH xyy^MMH
eepn^e^Teep y/iaivi>K/ia/iT 6yc xmm, Tyxaw^6a^
HYM YM/iAB3p/i3X3fl TaTBap Hoorflyy/icaH Hb
HYM Tec/iMMr sflMMH 3acrnMH aiunrrYM
6o^tocoh
ABCTpailH
TepuMH 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
KBMMHC^aHfl: YypxaMHyyfl HYM-binyxaMH
ra3apTaa aiumviaxbir 30BiueepHe, TyxaMH
ra3paac raflyypx 6op/iyy/ia/iTafl HecfjTMMH
/ini4eH3 ujaapfl/iaraTaw
Hbio CayT Bsm/ic: TyxaMH Ta/i6afiH Hb hec()TMmh
/lM14eH33fl a/lb XSflMMH OpOOryM 60/I HYYPCHMM
/lM14eH3 333MLUW"H Hb yypxaMH /lMLjeH33fl Hec()Tb
3CB3/1 6afira/iMMH xmm opyy/iw erexnwr xyccsH
eprefle/i rapraw 6o/iho
KBMMHC^aHfl: HYM-bir xyfla^flaaHbi scbs/i
TexHMKMMH apraap aiunmax 6o/iom>ktom
6awxafl HYM-bir luaTaaxbirxopumoHO
Hbio CayT Bsm/ic: Hyypchmm o^6op^o^ttom
xo^6ooTOMroop rapra>KaBcaH ivieTaHbir
/ini4eH3MMH Te^6epeec ne^ee^He (Het()TMMH
Xyy/ib-p /ini4eH3/i3rflC3H HflM-fl /ini4eH3MMH
T0^6ep T0/1H0)
HYYPCT0p0mnMH TaTBap Hb >kn/ifl 25 000
tohhooc m^yY C02e n^rapyy^flar (tssbsp,
X0fl00 a>K axyfi) 6aMryy^^arbir HYYPCTopomMMH
xi
-------
ync
HYM 933MUIHJI
HYM Eo/yioro/ypaMmyyjiJiyy,fl,
xaarfla/i raprax 3eBiueep/iee 6yL^aaH erexnwr
luaapflflar. 3hs TaTBap Hb yypxafiraac a/irapflar
xmmh xaarfla/ifl wish xawiaaTafi
KaHa/i,
AlUMTT Ma/lTMa/lblH ~90% Hb X0/l600Hbl
333MUJM/lfl XaMaapHa, 6yCMMH X3M>K33Hfl
30Xkmyy/ia/iT xmmhs
A/i6epTa: Hyypchmm /iMLjeH3 333Mium"H Hb
aioy/iryw 6aMfl/ibiH YYflH33C loiviyy 6afira/ib
xaiviraa/iax waapfl/iaraap 60n 3acmMH ra3paac
3eBiueepe/i aBH HYM-r o/i6op/io>K 6o/iho; sc
6ereec HYM/HflM-r 6afira/iMMH xmm rs>K Y3H3
BprnaHMMH Ko/iyivi6: Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-bm
333Miu^YYfl flaBxapfla>K 6o/iho; 3acrnMH ra3ap
3epHM^fleeHMMr 6aracrax a>K/ibiH 3aaBap
6o/ioBcpyy/icaH
HoBa CKOTna: Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-bm
^m^eH3YYflflaBxapflax Marafl/ia/iTafi; 3acmMH
ra3ap flaBxapflcaH spx o/iroxbiH eiviHe ofloornMH
spx 333MUJm"Hfl3fl M3fl3rfl3X 6a aiumr
Ma/iTMa/ibiH o/i6op/io/iTbir cafiwpyy/iaxbiH Ty/ifl
ofloornMH /ini4eH3MMr eepn/iex 6o/iom>ktom
A/i6epTa: 2007 OHbi 7-p capbiH 1-hmm 6aMfl/iaap,
>Kn/ifl 100,000 tohh C02e a/irapyy/iflar aw axyw
H3r>KYYflHMr xy/13m>kmmh xmmh xaflrfl^aa 12
xyBnap 6yypyy/iaxwr Xy/13m>kmmh Xmm
Byypyy^ax XeTe^6ep luaapflcaH
EpmaHMMH Ko^yivi6: HYYPCTeperHMMH TaTBapT
HYM xaiviaapaxrYM
TepMaH
X0/1600HW 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
3acrnMH Ta3ap hyypc o/i6op/iox /iMLjeH3 Hb
flyyciviarLj 6afira/iMMH xmmh /iMLjeH3 o/irox
COHrO/lTTOMrOOp HYYPCHMM /lM14eH3MMH
Yprs/iw/isx xyraL^aaraap hyypchmm KoivinaHMfl
HYM-blH SpXMMf UJM^>KYY^H3
2004 OHbi Csprssrflsx spHMivi yhhmm x ycbspmmh
yy/immh Aaryy L^axn^raaH YYcr3X3fl aiunmacaH
HYM-brn TapntJjbir yHsryM 6o^tocoh
MoHrojibiH XyyjiHHH 6yioy Xyyjib TorrooM>KHHH BojioMJKyy/i,
flssp TaM/i6ap/iacHbi A^ryy, Mohto/i y/ic oflooroop Alumit Ma/iTMa/ibiH 6o/ioh Ta3pbiH TOCHbi xyy/inyflbir
a/ib a/ikiHbir Hb lumh3m/13>k 6afiraa/ Mgh ofloornMH 6aM,fl/iaap Wfl-Hbi HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/i3x ra3ap,
3pMMM Xymhmm flaM (3Xfl) a/ib a/ib Hb HYM, HflM-biH 30BLueepe/i 6o/ioh /inu,eH3T3M xo/i6ootom
acyyfl/ibir xapnyu,Ha rsflsr. Mohto/i Ta/ibiH a/i6aH Tywaa/iTHyyfl, yypxaMHyyfl, mgh 6yca,fl, 6aMryy/i/iaryy,£],
Mohto/ia HYM Tec/iyYAH^r x3psr>KYY^3X3A A3M>K/i3r \/3\/\/A3x, xeHreBM/iexefl Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o,fl/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,£], ,£],3M>K/i3r ysYY-^13* YYAH33C as/ixmm flaxm-ibi HYM-Hbi xyy/ib 6o/ioh 30xnu,yy/ia/iTbiH
Ta/iaap coHkipxc»K 6yfiraa M/ispxuM/icsH.
floop flypflarflax xscrYYASA 333mlu/immh MapraaH yYC3X33C csprkm/isx, Tece/i ryMU^TrBP-i HapT ynnpM
6o/i30LurYM xyy/ikiMH spcfl/iYYAHfir 6aracrax, mgh HYM-bm o/i6op/io/iTbir a3m>kmx xyy/ib, 6o,fl,/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,£], aBM ysbx acyyA/iyyA, 6o/iom>kmt coHro/iTyyflbir x3/i3/iu,3H3. Sflrssp coHro/iTyyflbir HYM
o/i6op/io>K 6yi>i ro/i opHyyflaA aM>Kki/iTTaM x3psr>KC3H xyy/ib 6o/ioh 6o,q/ioryyAaA YHA3c/i3B.
xii
-------
333MUIJIHHH BOJIOMJKyy/1,
flssp TaM/i6ap/iacHbi A^ryy, Mohto/i y/ic oflooroop Alumit Ma/iTMa/ibiH 6o/ioh Ta3pbiH TOCHbi xyy/inyflbir
a/ib a/iMHbir Hb lumh3m/13>k 6aMraa. Mgh ofloornMH 6aM,fl/iaap YYfl-Hbi HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/i3x ra3ap,
3pMMM Xymhmm flaM (3Xfl) a/ib a/ib Hb HYM, HflM-biH 30BLueepe/i 6o/ioh /iMU,eH3T3M xo/i6ootom
acyyfl/ibir xapnyu,Ha rsflsr. Mohto/i Ta/ibiH a/i6aH Tyujaa/iTHyyfl, yypxaMHyyft mgh 6yca,fl, 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl,
Mohto/ia HYM toc/iyyahmt x3psr>KYY^3X3A A3M>K/i3r \/3YYA3X> xoHroBM/ioxofl Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o,fl,/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, ,£],3M>K/i3r ysYY-^13* YYAH33C as/ixmm flaxMHbi HYM-Hbi xyy/ib 6o/ioh 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH
Ta/iaap coHnpxo>K 6yMraa M/ispxMM/icsH.
floop flypflarflax xscrYYA3A 333mlu/immh MapraaH yYC3X33C csprMM/isx, Tece/i rYMLi,3Tr3m HapT ynnpM
6o/i30LurYM xyy/ikiMH spcfl/iYYAH^r 6aracrax, mgh HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iTbir a3m>kmx xyy/ib, 6o,fl,/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, aBM ysbx acyyA/iyyA, 6o/iom>kmt coHro/rryyflbir x3/i3/iu,3H3. Sflrssp coHro/iTyyflbir HYM
o/i6op/io>K 6yi>i ro/i opHyyflafl aMHKM/nraM xspsrwcsH xyy/ib 6o/ioh 6o,fl,/ioryy1£],a1£], yhA3c/13b.
Eo,zyiorbiH BojioMJKyy/i,
HYM-biH o/i6op/io/rr, aujur/ia/iTbir a3m>kmx 6o,fl/iorbiH o/ioh 6o/ioMHKM/nraM x3psr>KM>K MpcsH 6aMxa,a, TaTBapbm 3©pmm/it3m
6o,fl/ioro TyxaM/i6a/i YKpaMHA ep,fl,MMH 6yc xmmha Hoor,fl,yy/icaH caaxHbi TaTBap Hb HYM toc/immt sammh
3acrMMH YP aniMrrYM 6o/iro,fl,or. HYM 33psr a/ibTepHaTMB ax YYCB3P 6o/i>k ©prefer csprssrAsx spMMM
xymhmm 6aru,biH CTaHflapT Hb HYM cyypbTaM spMMM xymmmt hsmstpwnsxsfx yp eree>Kee em 6aMHa.
Bofl/ioro 60/10Bcpyy/iaxafl aHxaapax Myxa/i xscsr Hb aroy/irYM 6aM,fl,/ibiH soxMu.yy/ia/rryy.fl.a.fl, TsprYYH
33prMMH an xo/i6or,fl,o/i em, aroy/rraM y^ a>KM/i/iaraar yry6o/iroxo,fl, xaHa/iT TaBMX ABfla/i kdm. HYM
o/i6op/io>K, aLUMr/iaxafl xspsirsM 6o1fl,/ioro1£i, a/iaHryaa KOHU,eHTpau,biH TOflopxoM ororflcoH xa3raap 3aax
Hb TyxaM/i6a/i XflTaflafl 30 xyBMac asslu MeTaHbi KOHU,eHTpau,TaM, ApeHaw CMCTeMTSM HYM-brn
onepaTopbir MeTaHaa awMr/iax roMyy LuaTaaxbir Luaapflflar Hb mmm onepaTopyyflbir npaKTMkt
Lua/irapcaH apra, aroy/irYMH CTaHflapTyyflbir yMapTaH xmmh KOHU,eHTpau,aa LUMHrs/iw 30 xyBMac aoolu
tyblumha 6apMxaa XYprsw 6o/i30LurYM.
Hyypc o/i6op/iox ABU, 3X/13X33C 6MH6 yypxaMH xmmt copyy/iax a>K/ibir AByy/i6a/i xmm xypMMT/iyy/iax
CMCTeMfl ra3pbiH xefle/ireeH caafl 6o/ioxrYM 6aMX Ta/rraM 6a, xspsB hoxu,o/i Hb 6ypabb/i mxsbm/ish
xapbu,aHryM eHflep 33p3iT3M xmmt o/i6op/iox 6o/iom>ktom 6aM,fl,ar. 60 xyBb 6o/ioh tyyhssc asslu MeTaHbi
KOHU,eHTpau,bir hyypc o/i6op/io/iTooc omhox inaBxa/iTbiH apryyfl auiMr/iaH rapraH aBM 6o/iox 6a
MHrscHssp Tscpsx xfl3raapaac xaMaaryM xo/i xmmt rapraH aBHa (UNECE, 2010). Hyypc o/i6op/io/iTooc
9MH9 xmm LuaBxax 3H3 aprbir xmmtym>kyy^3x 6ycaa apraac M/iYYT33r33p aLUMir Ma/iTMa/i auiMr/iacHbi
Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT 33psr ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH MexaHM3Maap 30XMU,yy/i>K 6o/iho. AHY-h riayflep PMBepbiH
caB ra3apT m/i yypxaM auiMr/iaxaac ©mho xmmt LuaBxaxafl aniMTT Ma/iTMa/i auiMr/iacHbi to/i6opmmh
xohto/io/it ybyY-^^h Hb ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH aM>KM/nraM x3/i63p 6o/icoh 6aMHa.
C3pr33r,£],3X apMMM XYHHMM TapMcf) Hb 3PMMM XYMHMM 3aX 333/1,0, a/lbTepH3TMB apraap Y^-^ABSp/lSCSH
spMMM xymmha m/iyy ©Hflop yh3 To/iox 3aMaap HYM toc/immt fl3M>KMH3. XflTaflafl HYM aLUMr/iax 6o/ioh
HflM/HYM-TY/iLU.33p spMMM xym YYcr3X3A o/irox TaTaac Hb HYM cyypbTaM spMMM xymhmm craHU, a>KM/i/iax
6o/iom>k o/iroH, HYM toc/immt m/iyy bah^h 3acrMMH YP aLUMiraM 6o/iroflor.
TaTBapaac mo/ioo/iox Hb HYM toc/iyyah^t x3psr>KYY^3X3A ty/ixsu, 6o/i>k 6o/iho. XflTaflbiH HYM-biH
Toco/ifl aLUMr/iarflax tohot ToxoopoM^YYAH^r H0AT-aac mo/ioo/icoh 6aMflar.
xiii
-------
Msfl/isr, M3fl33/i3/i Tyrss/iT caMH 60/1 T3p x3M>K33r33p HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iT, aujur/ia/iTafl Myxa/i YYP3r
rYMU,3Tr3H3. XflTaft 9h3tx3I", Opoc y/icyyflaA HYM msass/i/immh ayh wnH>KM/ir33HMM ra3ap, msass/i/immh
tgbyya 6aMflar. TMC, O/ioh Y/icbiH 3pMMM Xymhmm Aremviar, HsrflcsH Yhaschmm Eafiryy/i/iarbiH EBponbiH
3py\v\H 3acrnMH Kommcc (UNECE) mgh AHYBOXA 33psr o/ioh 6aMryy/i/iaryy,£], TexHMK msass/i/immh
Myy/iraH, 6apmviT, 6ara>K 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT moh o/ioh y/icbiH xsmhoshmm y^ a>Kki/i/iaraa (USEPA, 2009c)
33pr33p ,fl,aM>Kyy/iaH HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iT, awmvia/iTbiH Tyxafi m 3,0,33/1/1 km r masbxtsmtssp TYr33>K 6aMHa.
xiv
-------
1. Yh,ZJ3C/I3/I
Mohto/i y/ic 60/1 xer>KM>K 6yki opoH 6eree,£], XX a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax xyhmh MapMaM/rraapaa o/ioh
y/icaflTaHkirflcaH 6a as/ixmmh yyp aMbcra/ibiH eepM/ie/miMr caapyy/iax Mkir/is/issp x3psr>KYY^>t< 6yfi o/ioh
y/icbiH MaHapTaM caHaaMM/iryyflbir Tacpa/nrYMrssp spmmmtsm a3m>km>k 6aMraaraa xapyy/icaH y/ic kdm.
Mohto/i y/icbiH MflHraHbi Xer>K/iMMH SopM/rryyAafl- Ty/iryyp/iacaH Yhaschmm U,oru, Xer>K/iMMH CrpaTerkmr
(MX3 Ty/iryyp/iacaH YU.XC) 2010 oha 6aTa/i>K, "M3,£]/i3rT-Ty/iryyp/iacaH spy\v\h 3acrkmr u,oru,/iooxbiH Ty/iA
A3BLUM/1T3T TeXHO/lOrMfl YHA3C/13>K CTpaTerMMH aM XO/l6or,£],0/lTOM 3p,£],CMMH opflyyflbir 333ML1JMX, 3py\V\H
3acrnMH xer>K/iMMr spmmmhkyy-^x, spy\v\h 3acmMH ceKTopyyflbiH 6ytu,mmt caM>xpyy/i>K, caHXYYrnMH
MaflaBX, KannTa/ibiH xypmvnvia/i YYcr3X" xspsirsMr toaopxom/icoh. MX3 Ty/iryyp/iacaH YU.XC "u,ar araapbiH
eepM/ie/iTefl flacaH 30xmu,ox MaflBap 6o/ioh aBax apra xsmhoshyyahmt masbxhkyy^w, xer>K/iMMH
TorTBopTOM opMMH 6ypaYY/13X> opHbi SKOcucTeMMMH T3HU,B3pT 6yc 6aM,fl/ibir 3orcoo>K, xaMraa/ia/rrafl
aBax" xspsrrefir moh TorToocoH. MX3 Ty/iryyp/iacaH YU,XC-,£], moh yyp aMbcra/ibiH eepM/ie/iT 6o/ioh
~.e/iNKM/rrefl flacaH 30xmu,ox MaflBapbir HSMsrAYY^^^ArBspuMH ceper He/iee/i/iMMr 6yypyy/iax
CrpaTernMH 3opM/iTyyAt>ir 6arTaacaH 6aMHa. Yyp aMbcra/ibiH eepM/ie/iTTBM xo/i6ootom xyhaps/iyyahmt
apu/irax 3opn/iroop, Mohto/i y/ic yyp aMbcra/ibiH 0epM/ie/iTMMH 3cpsr Yhaschmm Apra Xsmhoshmm
XeTe/i6epnMr 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K, yr xeTe/i6epMMr 2000 oha Y/icbiH Mx Xyp/iaap 6aT/iyy/iaH, 2011 oha
LUMH3MM/1C3H 6aMHa.
Mohto/i y/ic 12 rapyfi T3p6yM MeTp tohh hyypchmm 6aT/iar,fl,caH Heeu,T3M, hyypcssp 6aa/iar opoH 6eree,£],
YYH33C m m/iyy nx xsmhoshmm H33r,fl,33rYM Heeu, 6mm. Cyy^hmh >km/iyyA3A, MoHro/ibiH 3acmMH Ta3ap
6o/ioh hyyPchmm ca/i6ap hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaH, hyypcsh flaBxaprbiH MeTaHbir (HflM) o/i6op/io>K,
awMr/iax Ta/iaap mxssxsh an xo/i6or,fl,o/i em sxs/icsh. HYM Hb HYYPCTepemMMH flaBxap nc/issc 25 flaxMH
xymtsm xy/13m>kmmh xmm kdm22. MeTaH Hb 6aMra/iMMH xmmt 6ypaYY/13™ YhAC3h xscsr, awMr/ia>K 60/lOXyMU,
spMMM XYHMHfl xyBkipra>K 6o/i,fl,roopoo 6yca,fl,XX-c a/iraaTaM. Mmmssc MeTaH xaarflaxbir 6yypyy/iax HbXX-r
6yypyy/iax 3ap,a,a/i 6araTaM apra 6eree,£]„ spMMM xyhhmm HaMflBapTafi 6aM,fl,a/i, spy\v\h 3acrnMH ece/miMr
HBMsrAYY^13^ araapbiH MaHap, xefle/iMepMMH aioy/irYM 6aM,fl/ibir caM>xpyy/iHa.
2008 OHbi 3-p capbiH 27-ha, Mohto/i Y/icbiH 3acrnMH Ta3ap Hb,/],3/ixmmh MeTaHbi CaHaaMM/irbiH (flMC) 24
,o,3x rmuYYH 6o/icoh. flMC 60/1 as/ixmmh MeTaHbi a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax, 6yypa/iTbir TYprscrsHK, yhb u,3H3
6yxmm u,3B3p spMMM xymhmm sx YYCB3P 6o/iroH o/i6op/iox, aujur/iax 3opn/iroTOM o/ioH-Ta/ibiH opo/iu,oo
6yxmm caMH AYPt>iH 6aMryy/i/iara kdm. TYHLU/ism opHyyAafl MeTaHbir xyBkiprax o/i6op/io/iTbiH Tece/i
x3psr>KYY^3X3A toxmo/iaox caafl 63pxLU33/iYYAH^r apu/irax, xapn/iu,aaHbi Ma,fl,aBX, CTpaTern 6o/ioh 3ax
333/1 6mm 6o/iroxbiH Ty/iA TMC TYHLU/isrM opHyyflbiH 3acrMMH ra3ap, xyBMMH xsblu/immh tmluyyA;
xer>K/iMMH 6aHKyy,fl„ mx A33A cypryy/iMyfl moh 3acrMMH ra3pbiH 6yc 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl,TaM o/ioh y/icbiH
cy/i>k33 YYcr3>K a>KM/i/iaflar. Mohto/i y/icbiH 3acrMMH ra3ap MeTaH o/i6op/iox, aLUMr/iaxbir fl3M>KMX
YYAH33C caHXYYrMMH 6o/ioo,fl,TexHMKMMH Tyc/ia/iu,aa ybyy^Asi".
AHY-h Bakira/ib OpMMH XaMraa/iax AreHT/iaraac (AHYBOXA) rapra>K 6yM 3H3 MaTepMa/i Hb Mohto/i y/icbiH
3acrMMH ra3ap 6o/ioh TMC-h xaMTbiH a>KM/i/iaraaHbi xypssHfl sx/iyy^csh a>K/ibir yprs/i^/iYY^^ 6aMraa
kdm. MEOK-TaM 6aMryy/icaH xoep x3/i3/iu,33pMMH xypssHfl AHYBOXA-h Hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH MeTaHbir
fls/irspYY-^sx XeTe/i6ep (HflMflX) Hb Ha/iaMXbiH Hyypchmm YypxaMfl MeTaH 0/i6op/iox, ALUMr/iax T33Y
cy,fl,a/iraa 6o/ioh Mohto/ia HYM H00U, YH3/ir33, Xy/ibm>kmmh Xmmh BYPTrs/i Eo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbir
caHXYY>tkm/immh xyraL^aaHfl as^xmmh fly^aap^biH Te^eB 6awfla^. 2007 L|Y03rXK flepeB flYrssp YHS^rasHMM Tafi/iaH
(AR4), x 212.
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wgl/ar4-wgl-chapter2.pdf
1
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Aujur/iax T33Y, Ha/iakixbiH Hyypchmm YypxaMfl MeTaH 0/i6op/iox, Aujur/iax T33Y cyfla/iraaHyyflbir xmm>k
Ayycraafl 6aMHa. Tyyhm/ish Tyc xeTe/i6ep Hb Mohto/i y/icafl HYM o/i6op/io/iT, aLUMr/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom
Ma,fl,aM>Kbir 6mm 6o/irox yYAHbbc 2008, 2010 OHyyAafl ceiviMHap 30xmoh 6aMryy/icaH. AHYBOXA-bm
Mohto/i flaxb y &J\ a>KM/i/iaraaHbi fls/irspsHrYM M3,fl,33/i/iMMr HflMflX-H u,axMM xyy,fl,ac 6yroy
http://epa.gov/cmop/international/mongolia.html 6o/ioh flMC-biH u,axMM xyyflacHaac ymiiMHa yy
https://www.globalmethane.org/partners/mongolia.aspx
HYM-brn o/i6op/io/rr, aniMr/ia/iTTaM xo/i6ootom oflooroop 63/ish 6yM cy,a,a/iraa 6o/ioh a>K/ibiH xscrYYAHMr
YP AYHT3^r33P xeLUYYP3rA3>K, 6o,£],mt Tece/i 6o/iroxbiH Ty/ifl, HYM-biH 333mlum/i, awMr/ia/iT moh Mohto/i
Aaxb 6op/iyy/ia/iT tompcoh 6o,fl/ioro, xyy/iMMH Torro/iu,oor om/itox Hb Myxa/i. Mohto/ia 30xmoh
6aMryy/iar,fl,caH ceMMHap, yy/i3a/iTyyA, moh MeTaH 3ik33hmm flapaa Mohto/i Ta/ibiH a/i6aH Tywaa/iTHyyA, yypxaMHyyfl, moh 6yca,fl, 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl,
Mohto/ia HYM Tec/iYYAH^r x3psr>KYY^3X3A A3M>K/i3r xeHreBM/iexefl Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o,fl/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,£], xspsrrsM yyAhbbc as/ixmm flaxMHbi HYM-Hbi xyy/iMMH 60/100,0, 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH Ta/iaap
coHMpxo>K 6yMraa M/ispxMM/icsH. 3hs MaTepMa/iaap HYM-TaM xo/i6ootom MoHro/ibiH ofloorMMH xyy/iMMH
opMMH 6o/ioh 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH Ta/iaap flyp^a^ 3H3 Ta/iaapx >KMLU33r AMepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y/ic (AHY)
6o/ioh 6ycaa ro/i opHyyAafl 60AMT >kmlu33h A33P TaM/i6ap/iaHa. 3u,3ct Hb, shsxyy MaTepMa/i m>k 6ypbh
HYM-Hbi 6o,fl/ioro 60/10Bcpyy/iaxafl xspsrrsM xsfl xaflSH 6o/iom>k, Hexu,e/iYYAHMr TaHM/iu,yy/iax 6o/iho.
1.1. TeXHHKHHH Yh,3,3CJI3JI
HYM rsflsr Hb yypxaMH y^ a>KM/i/iaraaHbi Y^sp hyypc 6o/ioh sprsH TOMpHbi My/iyy/iar flaBxapraac
a/irapax MeTaHbir xs/ihs. 3hs Hb xspBss araapT a/irapBa/i yyp aMbcra/ibiH eepM/ie/iTefl He/iee/iex
Ma,fl,a/iTaM xy/ibmhkmmh xmm kdm. I~a3ap floopx yypxaMH a^M/iMMflafl HYM Hb TscspM ,£],3/i63p3x spcfls/i
YYcrsflsr Ty/i tyyhmmt xypMMT/iarflaxaac csprMM/iw araap>xyy/iax xoo/ioMroop ra^arm/iyy/i^ar. 3apMM
toxmo/iao/ia xmmt ra^arm/iyy/iax hsms/it CMCTeM 6yxmm u,ooHor, xmmh xoo/iomh cy/ixos Luaapfl/iaraTaM.
XaarflcaH 6o/ioh m/i yypxaMfl MeTaH Hb ra3pbiH aH u,aB 6o/ioh 6yca,a, 3aMaap araapT flsrAflsr. XspBss
HYM-bir aroy/irYMrssp o/i6op/io>K, ty/ilu 6o/itoh awMr/iaBa/i 6aMra/ib opMMHfl 33/itsm, yh3 u,3H3 6yxmm
TY/1LUHMM HeeLJ, KDM.
,/1,3/ixmmh xsmhosha hyypc o/i6op/iom ro/i opHyyfl Hb HYM a/irapa/ibiH 3x YYCB3P 6o/iflor. MeTaH Hb
araap MaHfla/ifl caMTap xo/im/iacoh xmm 6eree,£], as/ixmmh a/ib H3r xscsrr tyyhmm a/irapa/ibir 6yypyy/iax Hb
A3/1XMMH X3M>K33H,£], HYM fl/irapa/iaac yyAS-^tsm acyyA/iyyflbir 6aracrax Myxa/i He/ieeTSM. flMarpaivi l-f\
HYM a/irapyy/iam ro/i opHyyflbiH a/irapa/i ppjixmmh hmmtxsmmosha 33/isx 6aM,fl/ibir xapyy/i>K 6aMHa.
2
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XoMfl Co/iOHroc yicpa^H
fluarpaivi 1: 2010 OHbi 6aiiA/iaap HYM n/irapa/i a3/ixmmh x3m>k33ha (Hmmt 160.5 MMTCE).
3x cypBa/i>K: USEPA (2012a)
HyyPchmm yypxafiraac 6aMra/iMMH xmmh ro/i 6yp3/ia3XYYh 6o/iox MeTaHbir o/i6op/iox TexHO/iom Hb 63/ish
6aMHa. HYM-bir 3u,cmmh 6YT33r,fl,3XYYH 6o/iroH awMr/iax Hb xmmh Mainap 6yroy hsh a/iaHryaa MeTaHbi
KOHU,eHTpau,, 6yca,fl, x3p3ru,33rYM 6o,fl,MCbiH aryy/iaM>Kaac xawiaapflar.
,/1,3/ixmm flaxuHfl HYM-bir mxsbm/ish u,axki/iraaH Y^ABsp/isx, ayYP™mh xa/iaa/iT, xa/iaaryypbiH ty/ilu
6o/irox 3CB3/1 axyMH x3p3ru,33HMM ra3 6o/iroH awMr/iaxaac raflHa 6aMra/iMMH xmmh xoo/iomh CMcreMfl
HMM/iYY-^Asr.
HYM-bir 6ycaa o/ioh 3aMaap awMr/iax 6o/iom>ktom:
• HyyPC xaTaax
• YypxaMH araap>Kyy/ia/iTbiH CMCTeMMMH fly/iaaHbi sx yycb3P
• YypXaMH 60M/iepT H3M3/1TTY/1LU
• KoMnpecce/icsH roiviyy lumhtspyy/icsh 6aMra/iMMH xmm (LNG) 6aM,fl/iaap tssbpmmh xspsrcs/iMMH
ty/ilu 6o/irox
• Ym/iabspmmh tyyxh^ 3A
• Ty/iluhmm 3/ieM3HT3,o, (fuel cell) ty/ilu 6o/irox
Mohto/i y/icbiH HYM a/irapyy/ia/iT Hb 2006 OHbi 6aM,fl,/iaap 7 MflHraH MeTp tohh C02 3KBMBa/ieHT raw
Toou,or,£],coH. Hyypc o/i6op/io/iT H3M3r,fl,3x X3p33p HYM a/irapa/iT mxscm 6aMraa 6eree,£], tyyhmmt
caM>xpyy/iax apra xsmhos xmmi",£],3>k 6aMHa. OfloomMH 6aM,fl,/iaap MoHro/ibiH hyypchmm hmmt o/i6op/io/iT
3
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Hb a>KM/i/iaraaTaM 6afiraa 30 rapyfi m/i yypxaMfl a Barman Mohto/ia HYM 6o/ioBcpyy/iax 6o/iom>k Hb
ro/iM/ioH ki/i yypxaMH o/i6op/io/iT sx/isxssc eMHe copyy/iaH aBax kdm; rsxflss yypxaMHyyfl ryHkm Heeu,kmr
o/i6op/ioxoop a>Kki/i/ia>K 6yfi Ty/i upssAY^A ra3ap floopx o/i6op/io/iT ABarflax 6o/io/iu,ootom.
H3M3JIT M3,0,33JI3JI:
AHYBOXA-biH Mohto/i flaxb yM/i a>KM/i/iaraaHbi Ta/iaap flapaax u,axmvi xyyflcaHfl 30mm/iho yy:
http://epa.gov/cmop/international/mongolia.html
HYM o/i6op/io/iT, aLunr/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom msass/is/i:
• HyyPchmm yypxaMH MeTaHbir YP aiumraM o/i6op/iox, awkir/iax Lun/iflsr Typw/iara,
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/se/pdfs/cmm/pub/BestPractGuide MethDrain
es31.pdf
• HyypcHMM YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/io/iT: Sx/iyy/ism, http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm primer.pdf
Tepe/i 6ypnMH 3u,cmmh 6yT33r,£],3XYYH 6o/iroH awkir/iax Ta/iaap flapaax xo/i6oocoop opHO yy:
http://epa.gov/cmop/resources/enduse tech.html
M/i yypxaMfl HYM a/irapa/iT, toc/immh 6o/ioM>Kyy1£],biH Ta/iaap:
• M/i yypxaMH HYM a/irapa/iT, toc/immh 6o/iom>k,
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/events coal 101411 tech marshall.pdf
Bycafl apra xspsrcs/i, ax cypBa/i>K:
• AHYBOXA-biH HyypcHMM YypxaMH MeTaH Toc/immh MeHreHkm Ypcra/i 3arBapbiH BeTa XyBM/i6ap
Hb TOflopxoM ra3apT HaMMaH Tep/ikiMH apraap HYM o/i6op/iox, yp aLUkirraM awkir/iaxbiH spy\v\h
3acrnMH 6o/ioM>Kbir yhs/isx 6o/io/iu,oo o/iroHO,
http://epa.gov/cmop/resources/cashflow model.html
• O/ioh Y/icbiH HyypcHMM YypxaMH MeTaH Toc/immh M 3,0,33/1/1 mm h CaH,
http://projects.erg.com/cmm/
• MoHro/ibiH HyypcHMM YypxaMH MeTaH Tece/i Bo/ioBcpyy/iax CeiviMHap (2010),
https://www.globalmethane.org/news-events/event detailsBvEventld.aspx?eventld=294
2. MoHro^A HYM-wh 7lHU,eH3MCYY-;i3-;iT3HA TaBHiyjax LUaapAJiaryyAbiH
Tajiaapx O^oorHHH OftjirojiT
MoHro/ibiH aLUkirT Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu, Hb y/icbiH m31di/immhx 6a Yy/i YypxaMH flaM (YYfl) 30xmj,yy/i,fl,ar. YYfl-
Hbi xapbaa xspsrwyy/ism aremviaryyA 6o/iox Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Xspsr 3px/isx I~a3ap (AMXr) 6o/ioh
HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/isx I~a3ap Hb awMrr Ma/rnvia/i, HecJmiMH Heeu,MMH /iMU,eH3>tk 6aMHa.
OfloornMH 6aM,fl/iaap HflM, HYM-TaM xo/i6ootom aiviap H3r apM/iwaa 6aMxryM 6o/iobm Ctopm KaT
3Hep>Kki 6o/ioh HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/isx I~a3ap 2004 oha HflM-biH xafiryy/i, ByT33r,£],3XYYH XyBaax I~3p33
(BXr) xmm>k 6aMcaH. Ctopm KaT 3Hep>KM Y/iaaH6aaTapbiH OMpo/iu,oo (U,aM,£],aMbiH 6/iok Ta/i6aM) moh
ofloornMH HapuMH CyxaMTbiH HyypcHMM m/i yypxaMH (SEC, 2005) OMpo/iu,oox 0MHeroBMMH 6yc3a a/ib
a/inHfl Hb HflM-biH xafiryy/i xmmhos. Tmmmssc HYM raw aHrn/iarflax Heeu,e,£], 3opny/icaH xafiryy/i 6yroy
BXf flpnr,£],a>K 6aMraaryM xsflkm m AMX3I~-h MSAsrACSHsap HyypcHMM /inu,eH3 333MLUnrMM,£], eepcflkiMH
4
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/inu,eH3 flOTopx hyypchmm Ta/i6aM,fl, 39BX9H YH3/ir33 raprax 6yc xapnH hyypc 6o/ioh xypbb/ibh 6yfi
AaBxapra flaxb MeTaHbi Heeu,e,£], YH3/ir33 xmmx Luaapfl/iaraTaM rscsH 3aa/iTyy,fl,bir opcoH 6aMHa.
Spflsc 6afl/irnMH xyy/ib 6o/ioh HecJmiMH xyy/ikmr a/ib a/ikiHbir Hb flaxnH lumh3mm/i>k 6aMHa. 3p,fl,3c
6afl/irnMH xyy/ikiMH lumhsmm/icsh xyBM/i6ap 2012 OHbi 12 capfl x3B/i3r,fl,c3H. Wfl HecJmiMH xyy/ikiMH
LUMH3MM/1C3H Hafipyy/ira 6yxmm xyy/ikiMH Tec/ikmr 2013 OHbi 7 capbiH 27-ha Mx Xypa/ifl TaHM/iu,yy/icaH.
HYM-TaM xo/i6ootom 9MH9X acyyA/iyyflbir Wfl-Hbi HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/i3x Ta3ap xapnyu,a>K 6aMcaH m,
3pMMM Xymhmm flaM (3Xfl) MeTaHbi Heeu,MMH LUMH>KM/ir33, xafiryy/i xmmx 30BLueepe/i o/irox spxkmr
333MLUMH3 rsflsr. 3Xfl-Hbi TsprYYH 3opn/iT Hb spMMM xynhmm xaHraM>K, Tyr33/iT 6eree,£], HflM-Hbl
6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT, cy,fl,a/iraa LUHH>KM/ir33T3M xo/i6ootom acyyAa/ifl opo/iu„£],or HecJmiMH Bofl/iorbiH
By/13it3m. 3h3 6y/i3r Hb HflM-biH xaMryy/ifl 3Xfl-c 30BLueepe/i aBax ecTOM raw ysAsr. 2009 oha sxs/icsh
apua X3/13/1 ij,33hmm 2010 oha KopnaH Ta3 (Korean Gas) KOMnaHki 3Xfl-Tafi xaMTpaH Mohto/ia
HflM-biH xafiryy/i, 60/10Bcpyy/ia/iT xmmx xaMTbiH cyfla/iraaHbi "Co/iohtoc MoHro/ibiH Xmmh Tyhlu/is/i" rsx
rspssr 6aMryy/i>K33. 3hs rspss Hb Co/ioHrocbiH xmmh cy,fl,a/iraa, Bo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbiH xs/itsc 6o/ioh
Co/10hrocbiH ra3ap 3yM, bpabct awmr Ma/iTMa/ibiH XYP33/i3HrnMH (KOGAS, 2010) aBM xspsrwYY-^x HflM-
biH xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iTbiH 6YT33r,£],3XYYH33p y/iaaH6aaTapbir MeTaHaap xaHrax 3opn/iroTOM.
3. 0/ioh y^cbiH Heeu, 333mui^hhh Eoaht Cy^ajiraaHyyA
flapaax xscsrT hyypc o/i6op/io,£],or ro/i ro/i opHyyflbiH HYM-biH 333mlu/immh Ta/iaap moh HYM-biH Tece/i
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,£], He/iee/iex 6o,fl/ioro, 30XMU,yy/ia/iTyy,£],bir TaM/i6ap/iaB. HYM aryy/icaH aLumr
Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,kiMr XflTafl, YKpafiH, MeKCMK, TepMaH 33psr opHyyAafl 3acrnMH ra3ap 333mlum>k,
ABCTpa/infl My>K y/ic/afiiviar Hb 333MLU,fl,3r 60/1 xapnH AMepuKkiMH HsrflcsH Y/ic, KaHaflafl xo/i6ooHbi
60/lOH XyBMMH OMM/ie/ieep 333ML1JMH3. AlUMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH HeeU,MMH 90 XyBb Hb XO/l6oOHbl
KaHafl rsx mst y/icbiH xyBbfl awmT Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH 30xnu,yy/ia/iTbir xo/i6ooHbi scbs/i My>K
y/lCblH/My>KMMH TYBLUHHfl flByy/l>K 60/lOX 60/lOBM xyy/lb 60/lOH /lMU,eH3MMr My>KMMH TYBLUMHA
30xmj,yy/i,£],ar.
Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH /imj,eH3, /imj,eH3kiMH Te/i6ep xypaax YYP3r xy/issflsr xo/i6ooHbi 6o/ioh y/icbiH
6aMryy/i/iara TyxaM/i6a/i aaiviHaac ra,fl,Ha o/ioh TOOHbi 6yca,fl, opo/iu,orM Ta/iyyfl 6aM,fl,ar. XyCHarT 3-p HYM-
biH Tece/i 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, opo/iu„£],or Ta/iyyflbir >Karcaa>K \/3\/\/A3B.
XycHarT 3: HYM-biH Tece/i Eo/iOBcpyy/ia/iTaA Opo/mox To/i fo/i Ta/iyyA
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5
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TaiiyyA
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6
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areHT/iar xo/i6ooHbi 333mlu/immh ra3apT 30xnu,yy/ia/iT xmmhs:
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Yhaschmm om MOA, 63/iM33pnMH ra3ap flaxb o/ioh hmmtmmh ra^apra ra3pbir xapnyu,Ha.
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U13u,3p/i3rT XYP33/13HTMMH 401 LUkipxsr XYpss/isHr xapnyu,Ha.
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AMbTflbiH Hyy£/ihmh 6yc asx 61 can aKp ra3pbir xaHaflar.
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MeHe>KMeHTMMH Tobmoo Hb ra^apra ra3ap moh hyypc, 6aMra/iMMH xmm 33psr ra3ap floopx
Heeu,YYA3A xaHa/iT TaBMHa.
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MeHe>KMeHTMMH Tobmoo 100 can reKTap ra^apra ra3pbir xap>K xaMraa/iax 6a 283 can reKTap ra3pbiH
Aoopx awmr Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMr 3 (Gorte 6o/ioh 6yca,fl„ 2012) xapnyu„£],ar. M/i ra3ap xyBMMH
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6o/ioh ra3pbiH floopx 333MLU/iYYAH^r ybyy^136-
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3acrnMH ra3ap xflHa^TTaBMHa.
7
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TMT Hb TepMMH M3fl3/iT3M 3PA3C 6afl/iarnMH 3A3/i6ap ra3ap
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8
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xmmx /imi,eH3MMr 6aTa/i>K, o/irox 6o/iobm HyMs-t>ir (Bassett 6o/ioh 6yca,fl„ 2009) /iMU,eH3/i3x xycs/itmmt
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yypxaiiH HYMTec/iMMH Boamt Cyfla/iraa yz).
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CoMepceTkiMH TaHkirflcaH Hoxoh CsprssrAsx Hyypchmm Heeu,MMH Eye (THCHHB) rscsH 6ycmmt Torroo>K,
xo/i6or,fl,ox hyypchmm yesc (Mesa Verde xscrMMH hyypchmm B-Ye) asslumx cy/i xepc 3,500 4>mt33c (1,066
MeTp) (Taylor 6a Dyer, 2006) 6ara 6afiraa hyypcmmt 3X3/i>k o/i6op/ioho tscsh 3aa/iTbir 6mm 6o/irocoH.
THCHHB-mmh OHU,roM (BLM, 2012) mhtshk 3aa>K33:
Xauzyyn acea/i 6onoecpyynanm fteyynaxaap axcunnaxc 6yu Hecfimb 6o/ioh dauzanuun
xuuh onepamopyyd xon6ozdox Hyypc on6opnoz4 onepamopyydmau 3eeiuunu,eM,
neyynax yun amunnazaazaa 30xuu,yynax Hb 3yum3u. Hecfimb 6o/ioh 6auzanuuH xuuh
onepamopyyd caHan 6o/izocoh Hecfimb, 6auzanuuH xuuh xauzyyn acea/i
6onoecpyynanm xuux man daap Hyypc ondopnozv onepamopyydmau moxuponu,ooHd
xypy 3c yadean, rMT-Hooc moMunozdcoH 3eeiueepezdceH an6aH myuiaanmaH
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6amnaxzyu.
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3Hep>KM Kopnopau,M (Gunnison Energy Corporation), Becce/ic Key/i I~a3 (Vessels Coal Gas) 33psr
KOMnaHMyflTaM xaMTpaH Ko/iopa,fl,o My>KbiH 3/ik KpMK (Elk Creek) hyypchmm yypxaMfl HYM TY/iwssp
u,axM/iraaH YYcr3X toc/immt aM>KM/nraM x3psr>KYY^C3H 6aMHa. 2012 oha 3 MBt xymmh Ma,fl,a/iTaM
u,axM/iraaH YYcrYYPM^H toc/immt Guascor 6p3H,fl,MMH xmmh LuaTa/nraM u,axM/iraaH reHepaTopyyflbir (Aspen
Skiing Company, 2012) awMr/ia>K sx/iyy-^csh 6aMHa. TyxaMH 6yc HyTar flaxb hyypc 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh 31DI/i3H ra3pyy,fl, a/ib a/ib Hb xo/i6ooHbi 6o/ioh xyBMMH 333MLU/1MMH 6aru, raspyy^aA xapbfla/iar,fl,a>K
6aMB. OKc6ay hyypchmm spxMMr AM/1X 6o/ioh xyBMMH rspssrssp ,fl,aM>Kyy/iaH xo/i6ooHbi /iMU,eH3 aBcaH
6aMHa. Becce/ic Key/i I~a3, OKc6ay Hap 6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMU,eH3MMr flyHflaa t3hu,yy xyBaa>K (COGCC,
2011), xyBMMH 333MLU/1MMH 6aMTa/lMMH XMMT X3C3rM/13H aBaB. OKc6ay-blH OXMH KOMnaHM 60/lOX fyHHMCOH
6 Hyypchmm YypxafiH MeTaH (HYM) Hb hyypc 6o^oh xyp33/13h 6yw ny^yy^rnMH flaBxapryyflaac yypxaMH \/v\r\
a>KM^^araaHbi AYHfl n/irapcaH MeTaH kdivi. yypxaMHyyflafl 3H3 Hb Tscpsx aKiy^Taw Ty^ tyyhmmt
araap>Kyy^a^TbiH xoo^om, 3apmvi Toxno^flo^fl luaBxax cucTeivissp raflariu^yy^flar. OpxurflcoH 6o^oh m/i
yypxaMHyyflafl MeTaH Hb ra3pbiH xarapa/i 6ycafl capHMX xscrYYflssp araap iviaHfla^fl raflanun^>K 6o^30iurYM
6awflar. HflM-Tafi hstsh aflM^aap, HYM Hb hyypchmm YeYA3A toxmo^aox MeTaHbi H3rfl3^ 6o/iobh 3eBxeH
o/i6op/io/iTbiH flaBxaprafl (Tyxaw^6a^ o/i6op/io/iTbiH 6ycyyA3A) toxmo^aox MeTaHbir xaivipyy^flar, xapnH HflM-aap
epeHXMMflee X3333 h o/i6op/iorfloxrYM hyypchmm YeYfl fl3X MeTaHbir xs/ihs. 0^6op^o^T sx^sxssc eiviHe m/i
L^ooHoryyflaac luaBxcaH MeTaHbir 36BX6H LJsbsp Xer>«yiMMH MexaHM3Mfl "HflM" rs>K Hsp/isHS Consolidated
methodology for coal bed methane, coal mine methane and ventilation air methane capture and use for power
(electrical or motive) and heat and/or destruction through flaring orflameless oxidation (ACM0008).
-------
3Hep>KM Kopnopau,n AM/lX-biH A^ryy (BLM, 2001) 20017 OHbi sxssp TyxaMH Ta/i6afiA o/iror,fl,coH
XO/l6oOHbl 333MLU/1MMH 6aMra/lMMH XMMT ypbfl Hb /lMU,eH33/l>K 6aMCaH 6aMHa. HYYPC 60/lOH 6aMra/lMMH
xmmh a/ib a/im-ibix Hb spxT3M 6o/ichoop, OiK u,axn/iraaH YYcr3X> u,aaLU/iaaAXY/i3M>KkmH
xmmh a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iaxbiH Ty/iA LuaTaam 3yyx awkir/iaH MeTaH mcs/iayY'13* 6o/iom>ktom 6o/iob.
XsflkiMrssp TMT eMHe Hb xo/i6ooHbi HyTraac rapcaH 6yx MeTaHbi xmmt AM/lX-biH A^ryy o/irocoH
xo/i6ooHbi xmmh /inu,eH33A hmmu,yy^3h raprax ecTOM rscsH 3aa/iTbir 6apnMTa/i>K 6akicaH m, 2008 oha
rapracaH Vessels Coal Gas, Inc-H 175 I.B.L.A. 8, 9-10 toot LUkiMflBspssp shsxyy CTaHflapTbir eepMM/i>K
MaflcaH. (OTa AMepuKaH 3Hep>KM (Utah American Energy) (IOA3) KOMnaHMMH a>KM/i/iyy/iAar (OTarnMH
A6epAMMH X3M33X Aa^A hyyPchmm yypxafi xo/i6ooHbi hyyPchmm /inu,eH3kmH rspssrss YypxaMH Aroy/irYM
A>KM/i/iaraa, XeAQ/iMop XaMraa/i/ibiH (YAAXX) AYPMYYA3A hmmu,yy^>k naAcaH Ty/i MeTaH xmmt araap
MaHAa/iA fl/irapyy/icaH.
0HA0P KOHU,eHTpau,TaM MeTaHbi ax YYCB3PM^r YP aiumraM awkir/iax 3opn/iroop IOA3 KOMnaHki a/irapcaH
MeTaHbir o/i6op/iox Tece/i A33P Tece/i 60/10Bcpyy/iam Oco 3Hep>Kki (Oso Energy) KOMnaHMTafi
xaMTapcaH. KDA3 6o/ioh Oco 3Hep>Kki Hap AM/lX-biH A^ryy cohtoh Lua/irapyy/ia/iT LuaapAcaH 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh /inu,eH3kmr rMT-ooc aBax xycs/it rapracaH 6aMHa. Yyhmm 3u,3ct "A6epAMMHbi Hyypchmm
yypxafiraac a/irapcaH xmm 6yroy yypxaMH araap>Kyy/ia/iTaap a/irapcaH xmmt ra3pbiH raAapraac tottooh
aBax OHU,roM spx" rscsH /inu,eH3kmr Oso-a o/iro>t«3. /lmj,eH3MMH 3aa/iTyyAaA A^paax xopur/iocoH
3aa/iTbir opyy/iHos: "3hsxyy /inu,eH333p sha AYPA^rAcaH ra3pyyA A^xb 6yx Hec()Tb 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH
xmmr epeMAQX, o/i6op/iox, raprax, raAarw/iyy/iax spxkmr o/irooryM 6o/iho." TypaBAarM Ta/i 6o/iox
Becce/ic Key/i Ta3 3H3 3aa/iT Hb Oso-rooc eep flMap m KOMnaHkmr /inu,eH3kmH TeHAepT a/iax 6o/ioM>KrYM
6o/iro>K 6aMHa xsmssh MapracaH. YAaaH Yprs/i>KM/ic3H 3aprbiH 3u,3ct, Ta3pbiH Xspsr Spxs/icsH floTOOA
3eB/ie/i (TXSflB) HYYPC o/i6op/iom onepaTop YypxaMH Aroy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraa, XeAQ/iMop XaMraa/i/ibiH
(YAAXX) AYPMkl^H A^ryy yypxaMMAbiH aroy/irYM 6aMA^t>ir xaHraxaap epeMAceH raAarw/iyy/iax
u,ooHoryyAaac XYP33/13H 6yn opmmha fl/irapcaH yypxaMH MeTaH Hb (Haderlie, 2010; Bassett 6o/ioh 6ycaA,
2009) AM/IX-ha 3aarAcaH Hec()Tb 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH xmmh "opA"-biH Tepe/iA xaMaapaxryM t3>ky3C3h.
MHT3CH33P, 3H3 LUMMAB3P Hb XO/l6oOHbl Hec()Tb 60/lOH 6aMra/lMMH XMMH /lMU,eH3MMH T3p33 6aMXryM H
Ko/iopaAornMH Bsct 3/ikmmh a^A hyypchmm yypxaMH HYM rapraw, awkir/iaxbir 30BLueepceH 3acBap
opyy/iax 6o/ioM>Kkmr TMT-HA o/itocoh. Xsammtssp /inu,eH33A opyy/icaH 3acBap Hb Bsct 3/ik-mmt MeTaH
TorTOOH aBaxbir 30BLueepM 6akiraa m 3aaBa/i 6mu kdm. Bsct 3/ik, ApM Koy/i onepaTopyyA MeTaH raprax
3CB3/1 LuaTaax a>K/ibiH 3ammh 3acrnMH yHA3c/i3/iYYAH^r cyAa/i>K Y333A m apra Hb sammh 3acrnMH
(Webb, 2010) xyBbA x3psr>KMX 6o/ioM>KrYM r3>K Tafi/iamacaH 6aMHa.
3epHJiHHH 3oxHi;yyjiajiT Xhht^x Bye (33E)
flssp AYP^AcaHbi A^ryy, AM/1X Hb HflM-biH Heeu,kiMr o/i6op/iox, 6o/ioBcpyy/iax /imj,eH3MMr o/iro>K
6aTa/iAar. TyxaMH xscsr ra3pbir Tyc TycAaa ca/iaHrnA /inu,eH333p o/ioh TOOHbi arnurT Ma/iTMa/ibiH
3opny/ia/iTaap aujnr/iyy/i>K 6o/iho. BaMOMkiHrnMH llayAep PkiBepbiH CaB Ta3ap (llPCr) 60/1 epreH yyA^M
HyTrnkir xaMapcaH hyypc, HflM-biH Heeu,kiMH e/iruM kdm. IIPCr-biH hyypchmm Ta/i6aMH 90 rapyM xyBb Hb
xo/i6ooHbi 333MLUM/1A 6amx 6a AMepuKkiMH tom x3m>k33hmm M/i yypxaMHyyAbiH HMMT 0/l6op/10/lTblH
rypaBHbi H3r xyBkmr 6ypaYY/1H3- nPCr a^x^ Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh (HflM-r opo/iu,yy/iaaA)
OMpO/lU,OOrOp 45 xyBb Hb XO/l6oOHbl 333MLUM/1A 6aMHa.
7 COC 65117, API # 05-051-06050 (COGCC, 2002; BLM, 2001)
-------
1/1/1 ra3pblH 333MLUMm Hb Ta3pblH flOOpX aLUMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH 3pXMMT 333MLUMXrYM 6aM>K 60/lOX Ty/1
HYYPCHMM /lMU,eH3 333MLUMm 60/lOH Hec()Tb & 6aMTa/lMMH XMM Y^^ABSp/lSrMflMMH XOOpOHfl 30PMM/1
YYcr3>K, epeHXMMflee llPCr asx 333mlum/i Hb "flyHflbiH 3,fl/i3H ra3ap"-biH acyy,fl,a/i 6o/iho. 3hs caB ra3ap
Aaxb aujkirT Ma/iTMa/ibiH mxshxmmt TMT 333mlumx 6a xyBMMH KOMnaHkiyflafl /iMU,eH33/iH3. llPCr flaxb
XO/l6oOHbl MX3HX Hec()Tb & 6aMTa/lMMH XMMH /lMU,eH3YYA HYYPCHMM /lMU,eH333C 0MH0 Hb O/irOTflCOH yMkip
xaa/iT 6o/i,fl,or. Moh /iMU,eH3 flaBxapflaH o/irox yep, HflM-biH 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT epreH xypssHfl xmmtashs
rs>K Toou,oo/ioorYM 6aMcaH. 0HrepceH xyrau,aaH,£], y/iaM>K/ia/iT Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmm mgh hyypchmm
3epMki/i,£],eeHYYA mxsbm/ish hyyPchssc m/iyy tyhmm pe3epByapT aryy/iarflax Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmma
Toxkio/i.fl.fl.or 6akicaH Hb hyypcmmt Hec})Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh acyyfla/rraM opoou,o/i,£],o/irYMr33p o/i6op/iox
6o/ioM>KMMr o/iro,£],or 6aM>K33. HflM Hb hyypchmm ye flaBxapra A°"rop xawkirflcaH 6afix Ty/i yhs u,3H3
6yxmm hyypcsh ty/iluhmm H3r xscsr rsxssc m/iyytsm HYYPCH33C ra,fl,arLiJM/i>K a/ira 60/iAor xspsrrYM xmm rs>K
Y333p,, HYYPCHkm KOMnaHnyfl >KkipnMH 6aM,fl,/iaap yr xmmt araapT a/irapyy/iflar 6aMcaH 6aMHa. XapnH
lumh3 TexHO/iorn, Heeu,MMH Ta/iaapx m/iyy caMH om/ii"o/it moh spmmm xyhhmm xspsr/issHMM eceH H3M3r,fl,3>K
6yfi sps/iT x3p3ru,33HMM YP AYHr33P 6mm 6o/icoh HflM-biH xafiryy/i, 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT xmmx aLUMr coHMpxo/i
ra3ap aBM 6yM Hb XO/l6oOHbl /lMU,eH3T3M XO/160OTOM aiHMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH 30PMM/1T3M H0XU,e/l 6aM,£]/lbir 6mm
6o/iro>K33.
HyyPC, HflM-biH o/i6op/io/iTbir xo/i6ooHbi ra3ap HyTryyAafl 3ym 30xmctom AByy/iaxbiH Ty/ifl TMT
3epM/iMMH 3oxMU,yy/ia/iTbiH Eye (33B) 6mm 6o/irocoH 6eree,£], 3H3 Hb hyypc o/i6op/ioxooc gmhg xmm
o/i6op/iox, MHrscHssp M/i yypxafi aLUMr/iax y^mmh MeTaHbi a/iflarfl/ibir 6yypyy/iaxbir Hecfrrb, 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh KOMnaHMyflafl ,£],3M>K/i3r YSYY-^Asr. 33B epeHXMMflee nPCr-fl HflM-biH 60/10Bcpyy/ia/iT, hyyPchmm
m/i yypxaMH a>KM/i/iaraa xoopoHfl 3epMM/i YYC3X x3mtmmh mx Marafl/ia/rraM rs>K TMT Y3C3H 6yroy IIPCr-H
ofloorMMH hyypchmm m/i yypxaMHyyflbiH 6apyyH Ta/i, caB ra3apT 6aMp/iax 6ycyyammt 6arraaHa. 33B Hb
AapaarMMH 10 wm/ia hyypc o/i6op/iox m/i yypxaMHyyfl 6o/ioh HflM-biH 60/10Bcpyy/ia/iT xmmtasx scbs/i
XMMr,fl,3X33p Te/ieB/ier,£],ceH yypxaMHyyfl 6yxmm 6ycyyammt 6arraaHa. 33B Tyc 6ypmmt >km/i 6yp xaHaH xm/i
xfl3raapbir lumhsm/ish toitooho. TMT floopx 30XMU,yy/ia/iTyy,£],bir xmmxmmh Ty/ifl 33B-r 6mm 6o/ii"ocoh:
• MpssAYMA /iMU,eH33/i>K 6o/iox hyypchmm opflyyAafl 3epMM/i YYC3X33C csprMM/isx;
• /lMU,eH33/i>K 6o/iox hyypchmm opflyyAafl mpssayma rapax 3epM/iMMr LUMMABsp/iaxsA xaHra/irraM
u,ar o/iroxbiH Ty/ifl hyypc, H^M-h KOMnaHMyflbir o/i6op/io/iT xmmx, o/i6op/io/iTbiH Te/ieB/ieree
rapraxaac omho Hb m3,0,3171,3/1 raprax; moh
• Xo/i6ooHbi hyypc 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH xmmh auiwnam, o/i6op/io/iTbir OHOBMTOMroop AByy/iax.
33B-MMT TOflopxoM/iMoru, HflM /iMU,eH3/i3rM 6o/ioh onepaTopyyflafl xaHflaH ts^hmm Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH
XMMH /lMU,eH3 Hb 33B-fl OpCOH 60/lOH Mp33flYMH 0/l6op/10/lTblH a>K/lblH Ta/iaap M3A33/1H3. TMI-Hbl 3Yr33C
/iMU,eH3 erceH Heeu,eA 39B 30xmctom, u,araa o/icoh auiMr/ia/iT AByy/iax, xor xaarfla/irYM a>KM/i/iax moh
u,ooHoryyflbir 39B 30XMCTOMroop xaax, YYHkl^r A3m>kc3h ypaMLuyy/ia/i, TyxaM/i6a/i aniMTT Ma/iTMa/i
auiMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT 33prMMr Luaapflflar. 33B-mmt h3T3ht TOflopxoM/icoH 6on, TMT flapaax
apra x3m>k33hyyammt aBHa:
• HflM-biH 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iTafl 3opMy/i>K, 33B-mmh flOTopx 6yx Hec})Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMU,eH3MMH
CTaTycbir xaHax;
• Heeu,MMH 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom 3aaBap erex
• M/i hyypchmm yypxaM 6o/ioh HflM-biH auiMr/ia/iTbiH xoopoHflbiH 3epM/iMMr 3ee/ipYY^3x; moh
• 0/lOH HMMTMMH SpYY-^ MSHfl, XYP33/13H 6yM OpMHbl aKDy/lTYM 6aMfla/lfl XflHa/lT TaBMX.
TMT Hec()Tb 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH xmmh o/i6op/iorMflOfl aiumr ManTMan aiuMmacHbi Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT
caHa/i 6o/iro>K, 40 aKp toba u,ooHor epeMflexMMr 30BLueepHe. IIPCr-biH Ta/i6aMfl HflM-Hfl epeMflex
U,OOHOr XOOpOHflblH MX3HX 3aM 80 aKp T0B. MHT3CH33P M/IYY 6oTMHO XyraU,aaHfl M/IYY MX XMM LUaBXaX
11
-------
6o/ioM>Kkmr 6mm 6o/iroHO. TMT shsxyy ypaMLuyy/i/ibir HflM-Hbi onepaTopyyAafl o/iroxfloo yypxaMH
o/i6op/io/iT 3X/13X33C 9MH9X xyrau,aaH,£], 3m>km>k a/ib 6o/iox mx xsmhoshmm HflM-bir rapraH aBax,
hyypchmm yypxaMH a>KM/i/iaraar Taca/iflyy/iaxryM AByy/iaxbir 3opb,fl,or. XapMH shsxyy 335 6o,fl/ioro Hb
ryHMM 6yc33c o/i6op/io/iT AByy/iax Hecfrrb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh u.ooHoryy.a.a.fl, xawiaapaxryM. Alumit ManTMan
aLUMmacHbi Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT sfl/isx 60/13/ibir xaHraxbiH Ty/ifl, Hecfrrb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh Typ33c/i3rM
floopx 3YM/1CMMT xy/i33H 3eBLueepex eCTOM:
• U,ooHor xaax ecTOM xyrau,aaHaac gmhg Heeu,MMH rapa/iTbir xaMrMMH Mxssp HSMarflYY-^x apraap
HflM o/i6op/io/iTbir xypflacrax;
• TMT-Hbl XYC3/1T33P yypxaMH aLUMr/ia/lT 3X/13X33C 0MH0 XMM 0/l6op/10/lTbir 3orcoo>K, HflM-biH
u,ooHoryy,£],biH xyflryyflbir xaax; mgh
• U,ooHor xaarflax ecTOM xyrau,aaHaac Haafl 3ax Hb 180 xohotmmh gmhg Hec})Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
onepaTopyyAafl TMT MSflsrflSHS.
flssp flypbflcaH 6o/i3/iyy,fl,bir xy/ibbh 39BLueepceH, 33B-A xo/i6ooHbi Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh eivm/ie/iA
6aMp/iax /iMU,eH3 6yxmm HflM-biH /iMU,eH3/i3rMM,£], u,ooHor Tyc 6ypt HflM o/i6op/io/iTbiH aLUMir Ma/iTMa/i
aLUMr/iacaH Te/i6epMMH ,fl,YHr33C 50 xyBMMH xeHre/ie/iT sas/ihs. Alumit Ma/iTMa/i aLUMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH
xeHre/ie/nTYMrssp 33B-A yhb u,3H3 6yxmm HflM-biH o/i6op/io/iT 6ypsh xsmhosha ABarflax 6o/ioM>KrYM
TMT toaopxom/icoh 6aMHa8.
HyyPchhh Bye yypxaHHyyAbiH Eoaht CyAajiraa: BaftoMHHr Aaxb Tpohhhh YypxaHHyyA
TpOH 6o/l XMMM LUMH>K MaHapblH XyBbfl H3TpMMH 3aBCpblH Kap6oHaT T3>K TOflOpXOM/lOrAflpr, 6aMTa/lb
Asspx spAsc kdm. Ka/ib>Kyy/icaH coa, 6yroy coammh 6MKap6oHaTbir mxsbm/ish TpoHbiH opflyyflaac o/iflox
TpoHa 6o/ioh HaKO/iMTbir 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K rapra>K aBflar. 2009 oha BaMOMMHTMMH tpohmmh yypxaMHyyfl
AHY-brn Ka/ib>Kyy/icaH coflbiH 95 xyBb, as/ixmmh Ka/ib>Kyy/icaH coflbiH 24 xyBMMr o/i6op/iocoH 6aMHa.
lOTa My>K XYPT3/1 TapXCaH BaMOMMHTMMH TpMMH PMBepblH ASprSASX TpOHblH opfl Hb XaMTMMH C3MH
MBflsrflcsH Heeu, 6eree,fl, sha flepBeH yypxaMraac hkm/ia OMpo/iu,ooroop 17 can TOHHbir o/i6op/io,fl,or.
BaMOMMHTMMH TpOHblH 6apar 50 XyBb Hb (BLM, 2011) My>KblH 333MLUM/1,0, . TpMMH PMBep 6YC ,£],3X
TpOHblH OpflyyflblH 6aMpLU/lbir TMT TpMMH PMBepblH CaBblH (TPC) TaHMrflCaH HaTpMMH /lMU,eH3MMH Bye
(TH/1B) rs>K H3p/i3C3H 6eree,fl, 3y3aaHaapaa 4 4>mt33c (1.2 MeTp) flaBax TpoHbiH Heeu, 6yxmm 700,000 aKp
ra3pbir xaMapHa.
1993 oha, TMT Hb TH/1B -mmh A°Top MexaHMK Apraap TpoH 0/i6op/iox Bycmmt (MATOB) toitoo>k, caB
ra3pbiH flOTopx TH/IB-h ra3ap floopx TpoHbiH yypxaMHyyflafl oc/ibiH Hypa/iT, yep, xmmh luyyPs^t 6o/ioh
opxMrflcoH HecJjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh u,oohoit 63X3/ir33HMM xyflar cyy/ira>K 6yM yypxaMMflafl aroy/iT Hexu,e/i
6aMfla/i Ty/irapM 6o/i30LurYMT3M xo/i6ooTOMroop Tyxamh y^mmh Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMU,eH3MMr typ
3orcoocoH (Gearino, 2004). KeMMepep flaxb rMT-Hbi a/i6aH ecHbi ra3ap 6o/iox KeMMepepbiH rMT-Hbi
XsspMMH OcJjcJjmc 2008 OHbi Heeu,MMH MeHewivieHT Te/ieB/ie/iTMMH LUmmabspmmh BYPTr3/ifl33 "MATOB
A3X ofloorMMH HecJjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMU,eH3YYAH^r typ 3orcoo>K 6aMHa. MATOB fla/ifl yypxaMH
yypxaMMflbiH aroy/irYM 6aMfl/ibir xaHraH Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmt o/i6op/ioflor 6o/iox xypts/i lumhs lumhtsh
aniMiT Ma/iTMa/ibiH /iMU,eH3 erex 6o/ioM>KrYM" (BLM, 2010) rs>K flypfl>K33.
8 3h3 xeTe/i6epnMH fls^rspsHrYMr TMT-Hbi 3epH^MMH 3oxm^yy^a^TbiH Eycmmh Ta^aapx 3aaBap Bmhthmh XaBcpa^T
1-fl xaBcaprarflcaH TMT-Hbi 3aaBpbiH Bmhut, 2006 OHbi 5 capbiH 18, AVaaP 2006-153-c Y3H3 yy (BLM, 2006).
12
-------
Hec})Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmm aryy/icaH 3aHap TpuMH PkiBepbiH Heeu, ra3pbiH TpoHbm My/iyy/iar 6ypnMH flop
TOXMO/lflOHO. THTB-H MX3HX XSCrMMT TMT 60/lOH XyBMMH aLLIWT Ma/lTMa/1 333MLUMm Hap Hecf)Tb,
6aMra/ikiMH xmm o/i6op/iox 3opn/iroop /inu,eH333p aujnr/ia>K 6aMcaH 6aMHa. 1990-33A oha, Tyxamh 6ycT
yfi/i a>Kki/i/iaraa flByy/iam 6yx Ta/iyyflbiH kommccooc 6ypAC3H xaMTbiH kommcc ra3pbiH floopx TpoHbm
Heeu,MMr 6o/ioBcpyy/iax 6o/ioh Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh y/iaM>K/ia/iT epeMfl/iernMH a>KM/i/iaraa xoepbiH
AyHA YYC3>K 6o/iox 3epM/ikiMr cy,fl,a/i>K y3C3H 6aMHa (Bassett 6o/ioh 6yca,fl„ 2009). Xsflkmrssp 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh /inu,eH3 6aMxryM h Co/iBeM KeMMKa/ic KoMnaHki (Solvay Chemicals, lnc.,)-H BafioMkiHr flaxb TpuMH
PkiBepuMH TpoHbm Yypxafi yypxaMMflbiH aroy/iryM 6aM,fl/ibir xaHraxbiH Ty/ifl MeTaH aryy/icaH HecJmiMH
3aHapbiH yeT flaBxapryyAafl yyccsH MeTaHbir o/i6op/io>K, awkir/iax Tece/i x3psr>KYY/ic3H 6aMHa. Co/iBeM
KeMMKa/ic xo/i6ooHbi TpoHbm /im_i,eH3,0,33 yypxaMH a>Kki/i/iaraaTaM xo/i6ooTOMroop MeTaH o/i6op/io>K,
aujur/iaxbir (ycTraxbir) 39BLueepceH 3aa/iT hsm>k erexkifir eprefl/ikiMr rMT-fl rapracaH. 3H3xyy xycs/iTMMH
YHfl3c/i3/i Hb A33P AYP^AcaH BecT 3/ikmmh yypxaMfl rMT-Hbi 6aTa/icaH hsms/it 3aa/iTYYA 6aficaH kdm
(Bassett 6o/ioh 6ycafl, 2009). Yyhmm A^ryy TMT MeTaH awmviaxbir 6aTa/i>K, yrTece/i 2010 oha x3psr>KM>K
3X3/1C3H 6aMHa (Refsdal 6a Dean, 2012).
HYM-h BoA^ioro 6a YpaMmyyjiaji
AHY-biH /Jaad LUyyxuuH LUuudeap: XyjiaMJtcuuH XuuHyyd 6oji Eoxupdyysiaanud
AHY-brn xy/13m>kmmh xmmt3m xo/i6ootom xo/i6ooHbi 30xmi,yy/ia/iTbir fl33A LUYYX 6aTa/iflar Massachusetts
v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007). 3hs toxmo/iao/ia xy/ism>kmmh xmmh o/ioh hmmt 6o/ioh hmmtsma yMpyy/i>K 6yfi
aroy/iTaki xo/i6ootom eprefle/i, caHa/ifl AHYBOXA xapny erex Luaapfl/iaraTaM scsxkmr fl33A LUYYX aBM
X3/13/1LJ,C3H.
Xy/13m>kmmh xmm Hb U,3B3p AraapbiH Xyy/ibfl (U.AX)9 3aacaHM/iaH 6oxnpflyy/iarM 6ereeA motopt lumhs
T33BpnMH xspsrcs/issc a/irapq 6yfi xy/ibmhkmmh xmm 6aMra/ib opMMHr 6oxnp,£],yy/iax 3CB3/1 6oxnpAyy/iaxafl
He/iee/i>K 6afiraa 6ereeA 3H3 Hb "hmmtmmh spYY-^i msha, hmmtsma aroy/i ynpyy/iax Marafl/ia/iTaM scsx"10,
3CB3/1 yhA3c/13/it3m LUMMflBsp rapraxafl lumh>k/13x yxaaHbi M3,fl,/i3r TOflopxoM 6yc 6afiraa scsxkmr
AHYBOXA TOflopxoM/iox ecTOM raw fl33A LUYYX Y3C3H-
AwyAbiH xoji6oomou/lyzHajim
MOTOpT LUMH3 T33BpMMH X3p3rC3/l, Xefl0/irYYP33C fl/irapM 6yM XY/13MHKMMH XMMT3M XO/l6oOTOMrOOp U,AX-
mmh A^ryy "aroy/i" 6o/ioh "wa/nraaH roMyy He/iee/ie/ikiMH" AYrH3/1T3HA AHYBOXA-biH yflkipfl/iara 2009
OHbi 4-p capbiH 17-ha rapbiH ycsr 3ypcaH. Tyc areHT/iar Hb 60 eflpuMH Typm o/ioh hmmtmmh caHa/i
6ofl/ibir cohcox xyrau,aa o/irocoH 6ereeA o/ioh hmmtmmh 3Yr33c 380 000 rapyfi caHa/i xy/issh aBcaH. 2009
OHbi 12 capbiH 7-ha AHYBOXA xy/ism>kmmh xmmh Ta/iaap xoep Tyc^aa AYrH3/1T3HA rapbiH ycsr 3ypcaH:
9 L|3B3p AraapbiH Xyy^b (L|AX) Hb AiviepMKMMH HsrflcsH Y^cbiH xo^6ooHbi xyy/ib 6ereefl YHfl3CHM^ x3ivi>K33Hfl
araapbiH 6oxnpflo/ibir xnHaxafl 3opny^arflcaH. 3hs xyy^b Hb AHYBOXA-bir xyhmm spyY^i ivi3Hfl3fl aioy/iTafi Hb
M3fl3rflC3H araap 6oxnpflyy^arHMflaac o/ioh hmmthmt xaiviraa/iaxafl Hnr/i3C3H apra xsmhos aBax, iviepflYY^3^
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxbir luaapflflar. 3hs xyy/ib TorTooivi>KbiH 1963 OHbi xyBM/i6ap Hb cyfla/iraaHbi xeTe/i6ep 6mm 6o/irocoH
6a 1967 OHfl L^ap xypss Hb H3ivi3rflC3H. AraapbiH 6oxnpflo/iTbir xnHaxbir luaapflcaH ro/i hsms/it eepn/ie/iTYYfl Hb
1970,1977,1990 OHyyflafl 6aT/iarflcaH.
10 L|3B3p Araap Xyy/iMMH xscsr 202(a)(1), 42 (JSC 7521(a)(1).
13
-------
Aroy/ibiH ,Z],YrH3/iT: AHYBOXA Hb araapT caMTap xo/im/iacoh 3ypraaH ro/i Tep/ikiMH xy/ismhkmmh xmm
6yroy hyypcxyh/immh xmm (C02), MeTaH (CH4) a30TbiH kics/i (N20), rn,£],poct)TopKap6oHyy1£], (HFC),
nep4)TopKap6oHyy,£], (PFC), xyxpuMH reKcac^TopuflUMH (SF6) ofloornMH 6o/ioo,fl, kipssflYMA
TaaMar/ia>K 6yfi KOHU,eHTpau, Hb ofloo 6o/ioh mpssaymh o/ioh hmmtmmh spyyn M3H,£]„ hmmtsma aroy/i
yMpyy/i>K 6aMHa rs>K AYmsB.
LLIa/iTraaH roMyy He/iee/ie/ikiMH ,Z],YrH3/iT: Motopt lumhs tssbpmmh xspsrcs/i 6o/ioh motopt lumhs
T33BPMMH X3p3rC3/lMMH X0,£],e/irYYP33C fl/irapM 6yM 3,£],r33p CaMTap XO/lM/lflCOH XY/13M>KMMH HMMTXMM
Hb O/IOH HMMTMMH SpYY-^ M3H,£]„ HMMTSMfl aKDy/l yMpyy/l>K 6yM XY/13MHKMMH XMMHMM TOflOpXOM XyBMMT
33/13>k 6aMHa r3>K Tyc areHT/iarbiH yflkipfl/iara AYmscsH (USEPA, 2013a).
flsspx aroy/ibiH AYrHS/rr Hb awiap H3r ca/i6ap scbs/i xsh HsrsHfl Luaapfl/iara TaBkiarYM.
TaaepuuH Xapazca/iuuH Xy/iaMJfcuuH Xuuh CmaHdapm
Motopt T33BPMMH LUMH3 X3p3rC3/133C fl/irapM 6yM XY/13M>KMMH XMMH fl/irapa/1 Hb O/IOH HMMTMMH SpYY-^
MBHfl, HkiMrsMfl aioy/i yMpyy/iaxafl He/iee/i>K 6afiraa TyxaM AHYBOXA-biH ^ms/iT Hb TYC areHT/iarbir U,AX-
mmh XYP33HA 3,o,r33p xy/ibmhkmmh xmmt 30Xkiu,yy/iaxaap TOflopxoM Luaapfl/iaryyA rapraxafl XYprscsH.
Yhaschmm 3aMbiH Xefle/ireeHkm Aroy/irYM BaMfl/ibiH yflnpflax Ta3apTaM (NHTSA) xaivnpaH AHYBOXA 6ara
xymmh Mafla/rraM tssbpmmh xspsrcs/iMMH (2012-2016 OHbi 3arBap) ty/iluhmm aLUkirr y^hmh craHflapTbir
2010 OHbi 5 capA, xapnH eHflep xymmh Ma,fl,a/iTaM tssbpmmh X3p3rc3/1MMH(2014-2018 OHbi 3arBap)
ty/iluhmm aujkirT ywnwwH CTaHflapTbir 2011 OHbi 8 capfl 3u,3c/i3H rapracaH (USEPA, 2013a). AHY-h
EpeHXkiM/ierMkiMH 3Yr33c flsspx 6aMryy/i/iaryy,£],a1£], xaHflaH flapaaMbiH LuaTaHfl aYHA 6o/ioh xyha flaau^iH
T33BPMMH X3p3rC3/lMMH TY/1LUHMM aLUMTT Y^ XY/13M>KMMH XMMH CTaHflapTblT 2016 OHbi 3 Cap T3X3,£],
6o/ioBcpyy/iax Ta/iaap mmms/i erceH kdm. 3hs xyrau,aaH,fl, s^rssp areHT/iaryyfl 2015 OHbi 3 cap rsxafl
CaHa/i Bo/iro>K Byfi .Dypmhmh MsAarfls/i 6o/ioBcpyy/iaH raprax Marafl/ia/rraM (White House, 2014).
Xy/i3M3fcuuh Xuuh Tau/ian
AHYBOXA-biH Xy/13m>kmmh Xmmh TaM/iaHrnMH XeTe/i6epn 2010 ohooc sx/ish Tepe/i 6ypmmh ca/i6apbiH
TOMOOXOH X3MH03HMM 3X YYCB3P> HMM/lYY^SrHMfl OepCflMMH XY/13M>KMMH XMMH fl/irapyy/ia/lTblT XflHaX,
Tafi/iamaxbir LuaapAaw sxs/icsh. 3hsxyy TaM/iaHrnMH XeTe/i6epnMH A^ryy mkm/ia 36,500,000 6k4> (6k4>12)
(1,033,056 6km MeTaH scbs/i tyyhssc m/iyy xsmhostsmt a/ira pyy/iflar) MeTaH (CH4) scbs/i 100,000
6k4> (2,832 6KM-TaM t3hu,yy) MeTaH (CH4) oaspt a/irapyy/iflar hyyPchmm yypxaMH 333,0, 6o/ioh
onepaTopyyfl xy/ism>kmmh xmmh Tafi/iaH raprax ecTOM. TaM/iaHrnMH 3H3 ayPM3HA 3axnparflax ecTOM AHY-
h hyyPchmm yypxaMHyyfl Hb eepcflkiMH xy/ism>kmmh xmmh a/irapa/ibir 2011 ohooc sx/ish xaHax 6a
2012 oha Tatf/iamax ecTOM. BaMryy/iaM>KyyAbiH TyxaM msass/i/immt AHYBOXA-biH u,axnM xyyflcaHfl >km/i
60/irOH X3B/13fl3r.
11 http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/index.html
Aiunma^TbiH TeivinepaTyp 6o/ioh flapa^Tflaxb xmmh 33^3xyyhmm x3m>kyyp
14
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EpeHxuu/ie2H 06aMd2UUH L(az YypbiH Oepyjie/imed Xapazjfcyy/iax Te/iee/iezee
2013 OHbi 6 capbiH 25-ha EpeHXkm/iem 06aMa HYYPCTepemkiMH 6oxnp,£],o/i 6yypyy/iax, yyp aMbcra/ibiH
eepM/ie/iTMMH He/ieeHfl AHY-bir 63/i,fl,3x, as/ixmmh u,ar yypbiH eepM/ie/iTefl aHxaapa/i xaHflyy/iax o/ioh
y/icbiH xyMMH MapMaM/rrafl T3pryY/13X 33p3rT3M opo/iu,oxo,fl, mmmscsh xsfl xsash asc flapaaTafi apra
x3M>K33r 3ap/iacaH. U,ar YypbiH 0epM/ie/iTe,£], XspsrwYY-^x Te/ieB/iereeHkm13 xypbbha EpeHXkm/iem
06aMa spMkiM xymhmm ca/i6apT HYYPCTeperMMMH 6oxnp,£],o/ibiH craHflapTbir TyprsH 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K flyycrax
Mkir/13/i 6yxmm EpeHXkiM/ierMkiMH MeMopaHflyMbir AHYBOXA-t rap,fl,yy/icaH (USEPA, 2014a). 2013 OHbi 9
capbiH 20-ha AHYBOXA mpssay^A HYYPcasp a>KM/i/iax spMMM xyhhmm craHU, 6apnr,£],axa1£], 3opny/icaH
rYMU,3Tr3/ikiMH CTaHflapTbir caHa/i 6o/irocoH14. U,axn/iraaHbi lumhs CTaHU,afl 3opny/icaH 3H3 caHa/i Hb
mPssay^h u,axM/iraaH CTaHU,yy,£], HYYPCTepemeep 6oxnp,£],yy/i>K 6o/iox xsMHoar 3aacaH yhaschmm aHXHbi
XA3raap/ia/iT kdm. Tyyhh/ish Tyc areHT/iar Hb 6aMra/iMMH xkmrssp a>KM/i/iax Typ6kiH 6o/ioh hyypcbh
ra/i/iaraaTafi h3t>kyyA3A TYcaA Hb craHflapT 60/10Bcpyy/iaxbir caHa/i 6o/irocoH. AHYBOXA wypMbiH A^ryy
o/ioh HMMT33C caHa/i aBax xyrau,aaH,£], o/ioh TOOHbi caHa/i, c3Tr3r,fl,3/i xy/issh aBcaH 6eree,£], T3,fl,r33pT3M
TaHM/iu,ax, 6o/ioBcpyy/iax, xapny/iax LuaTaHfl ab>k 6afiraa.
2014 OHbi 6 capbiH 2-ha AHYBOXA ofloo 6afiraa u,axn/iraaH CTaHu.yy.a.a.fl, rYMU,3Tr3/iMMH craHflapT caHa/i
6o/irocoH15. 3h3 caHa/i Hb yaH xaTaH 6eree,£], eep eep MywyyflbiH Tyc 6ypmmh xspsru^sr TycracaH.
>KypMbiH A^ryy oflooroop caHa/i 6o/iro>K 6yfi 3H3 CTaHTapTbir 3u,3c/i3H 6aT/iaxaac omho caHa/i aBax,
cohcox ywn abu, flBar,fl,a>K 6aMHa.
Lfaz YypbiH OepHAeAmed Xapazjtcyy/iax Te/iee/iezee - MemaHbi fljizapcuibtz Eyypyy/iax Cmpamezu
2014 OHbi 3 capbiH 28-ha U,araaH OpflOH-c "MeTaHbi fl/irapa/ibir Byypyy/iax CTpaTem" rapracaH16. 3hs
Te/ieB/iereeHfl 6y/iar,fl,Ma/i xor, hyypchmm yypxafi, xeflee a>K axyfi, ra3pbiH toc, xmmh cncreM33c a/irapM
6yn MeTaHbi a/irapa/ibir epTer 6araTaM, caMH AYPt>iH apraap y/iaM 6aracrax a/ixaMyyflbir LuaT flapaaTaM
TaHki/iu,yy/icaH. Hyypchmm yypxaMH ca/i6apbiH xyBbfl shsxyy crpaTem Hb AHYBOXA-h HyyPchmm
flaBxaprbiH MeTaH fls/irspYY-^x XeTe/i6epeep ,fl,aM>Kyy/icaH caMH AYPt>iH apra xsmhos 6o/ioh floToofl
xsprnMH flenapTaivieHTkiMH Ta3pbiH MeHe>KMeHTkmH ToBMOOHbi y^ a>KM/i/iaraaHbi A^ryy xo/i6ooHbi
ra3ap HyTarr aBax 30xnu,yy/irbiH apra xsmhoshyyahmt TycracaH 6yp3/ia3XYYh xscrYYAHfir a/ib a/ikiHkmr Hb
6arraacaH. 2014 OHbi 4 capfl TMT Hb xo/i6ooHbi 3acmMH ra3paac typ33c/13C3h raspyy^aA yypxaMH
xaarfla/i MeTaH17 a/irapyy/iax scbs/i o/i6op/iox, xyfla/iflaa/iaxTaM xo/i6ootom xeTe/i6ep 6o/ioBcpyy/iax
Ta/iaap o/ioh hmmtmmh caHaa, 6o,fl/ibir Tycrax YYAH33C CaHa/i Bo/ito>k Byfi AyPmh^h YpbAMki/icaH
Ma^ar^s/i (ANPRM) rapracaH (Utech, 2014; BLM, 2014). TMT Hb 2014 OHbi 3ypraaH capbiH Typrn flsspx
ypbflMki/icaH M31fl,3r,£]13/iMMH Ta/iaap o/ioh hmmtmmh caHa/i xy/ibbh aBM 6aMHa.
CaHH YypbiH XeTeji6epYYA
1993 ohooc 3X/13H HyyPcsh flaBxaprbiH MeTaH fls/irspYY^BX XeTe/i6ep hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaHbir YP
a hi ki rTa m aujur/iaxbir ,£],3m>kmx YYAH33C hyypchmm yypxaMH ca/i6apbiHxaH 6o/ioh yyht3^ xo/i6ootom 6yca,fl,
Ta/iyy,fl,TaM caMH flypaap xaMTpaH a>Kki/i/ia>K upcsH. Tyc xeTe/i6ep Hb HYM o/i6op/iox Lun/iflsr Typw/iarbir
xyBaa/iu,axa,£], xaparTSM apra xspsrcs/i, TexHMKHMH msass/is/i, ayh LUHH>KM/ir33r33p xaHraflar. 1994 oha
3H3XYY X0T0/l6ep 3X/13CH33C XOMLU HMMT 140 Cafl MeTp TOHH HYYPCXYH/IMMH flaBXap MC/1MMH 3KBMBa/ieHT
6yypyy/iaaA 6aMHa.
13 http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf
14 http://www2.epa.gov/carbon-pollution-standards/2013-proposed-carbon-pollution-standard-new-power-plants
15 http://www2.epa.gov/carbon-pollution-standards/clean-power-plan-proposed-rule
16 http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/strategy_to_reduce_methane_emissions_2014-03-28_final.pdf
17 TMT-Hbi xspsmsflsr xs^^sr 6ereefl HYM 6yioy hyypchmm yypxawraac n^rapflar MeTaHbir xs^hs
15
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Xy/13m>kmmh xmmh a/irapa/iTbir caMH flypaap 6yypyy/iax xsfl xsash xeTe/i6epT HYM-bir 6arraacaH 6aMHa.
>Kmu33 Hb U,ar YypbiH Te/ieex Heeu, (U,yTH) 6eree,£], U,YTH Hb xsfl xsash ceKTopbm caMH AYPt>m 3ax
333/1YYA3A 3opny/iaH Tece/i 6o/ioBcpyy/iax, HYYPCTepemMMr 6aparflyy/iax KpeflMTYYA^MH too xsMHoar
TOflopxoM/iox npoTOKO/i 6o/ioBcpyy/icaH 6aMHa. U,yTH-eec AHY 6o/ioh tyyhmm ra3ap HyTar flaxb
masbxtsm, a^-^A hyyPchmm yypxafi, III 33p3r/i3/i-MMH xmmtsm TpoHMMH yypxaMHyyflaac araap MaHfla/ifl
a/irapax 6aMcaH MeTaHbir ycrraxTaM xo/i6ootom craHflapT toitoohk, a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax tooh xsiviHosr
TOflopxoM/iox YYP3r 6yxmm Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaHbi Toc/immh llpoTOKO/i 6aTa/icaH.
HYYPCTeperMMMH BaTa/iraa>KcaH CraHflapT (HBC) Hb HYYPCTepemMMH xaarfla/i 6apar,fl,yy/iax caMH AYPt>iH
6ac H3r xeTe/i6ep 6eree,£], Tece/i 6o/ioBcpyy/iarM,£],aac caHa/i 6o/irocoH U,3B3p Xer>K/iMMH MexaHM3MbiH
(U,XM) apryyfl 6o/ioh 6yca,a, lumhs apryyflbir awMr/iax 6o/iom>k o/iroflor. HBC-fl oflooroop m/i yypxafi,
opxurflcoH yypxafi, moh a^A yypxaMH toc/iyya u,aaLU/iaa,£], HyypcaH flaexapabiH MemaHaac LUyyP3h
Xamdax Memanbia Tozmoon Aeax, Ycmax Apza, xyeu/i6ap 1.0 TexHO/iomop 60/10Bcpyy/icaH toc/iyya
6arTaa>K 6aMHa.
Tepeec Y3YY^3X ypaMuiyy^iyiyy/i,
Xsfl xsash My>K y/icyyfl hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaHbir opo/iu,yy/icaH hoxoh csprssr^sx nopTc()o/iMO
CTaHflapTbir 6mm 60/irooA 6aMraa 6a Ka/iMc()opH My>KbiH xyBbfl xy/ibmhkmmh xmmh A33A xa3raap,
apM/i>Kaa/iax xeTe/i6ep 6aTa/icaH. Tyc My>KbiH 3H3 xeTe/i6epT hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaH toc/iyyahmt
XY/13M>KMMH XMMH H0XB0pMMH 3X YYCB3P T3>K Y3A3T-
2006 oha Ka/iMc()opHM My>K y/ic ,0,3/ixmmh fly/iaap/ibiH LUmmas/i rax Acceivi6/ieMH Xyy/iMMH Toco/i 32-r
6aTa/icaH 6a 3H3 Hb xo>kmm 2011 oha xy/ism>kmmh xmm xyfla/iflaa/iax wypMbir xy/issh aBaxafl cyypb 6o/i>k
erceH. Yr wypaMA u,3B3pluyy^3x y^Abbp, u,axM/iraaH craHU,, y^Abbpmmh ra3ap, tssbpmmh ty/ilu 33psr
Ka/iMc()opHM My>KbiH xy/13m>kmmh xmm a/irapyy/iax yhacbh bx yycb3PYYA 6arrcaH 6aMHa. Xy/ibmhkmmh xmm
xyfla/iflaa/iax xeTe/i6ep Hb u,ar xyrau,aaHbi Typw 6aracax ecTOM xaarfl/ibiH xa3raapbir 6arTaa,£],ar.
Ka/iMcfjopHMfl masbxtsm hyypchmm yypxafi 6aMxrYM Ty/i HYM-biH a/irap/ibiH A33A xsMHoar
xfl3raap/ia,fl,aiTYM h AraapbiH Heeu,MMH Xopoo 3eBLueeper,fl,ex xa3raapbiH KpeflMT 6mm 6o/iroxbiH Ty/ifl
HYM-biH T6c/iYYA3A 3opMy/icaH npoTOKO/i 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K, 6aT/ia>K 6aMraa a>K. YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/iox
npoTOKO/i Hb a>KM/i/iaraaTaM a^A yypxaMraac a/irapax MeTaHbi aHXflam xoep sx yycbbpmmt TOflOTrox 6a
YYHa: araap>Kyy/iax u,ooHorooc flsr^sx MeTaH, ApeHaw CMCTeMssc a/irapax MeTaH 6arTaHa. 3hs npoTOKO/i
Hb moh xaarflcaH a^-^A yypxaMraac 6o/ioh a>KM/i/iaraaTaM m/i yypxaMH MeTaH a/irapa/ibir xaMap^ar.
BoBLUooporAox 3©pyyhmm KpeflMT Hb 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH Lua/iryypT hmmu,c3h xy/13m>kmmh xmmh 6yypa/iT
60r00,fl, AMap H3r 6aMryy/i/iara xy/ism>kmmh xmm xyfla/iflaa/iax x0T0/i6opmmh xypssha rypBaH >KV\nf\
6yypyy/iax ecTOM xy/ibm>kmmh xmmh HaMMaH xyBb xypts/ix x3m>k33h,£], aLUMr/iax 6o/iom>ktom. Tyyhh/ish Tyc
npoTOKO/i Ka/iMc()opHMMH A33A XA3raap-6a-apM/i>Kaa/iax xeTe/i6epMMH xypssHfl Om>km/it, Xot
CyypMHTMMH Om>km/it, Ma/i A>k AxyM, O30H YcTrarM BoflMCbiH npoTOKO/iTOM H3r,fl,3H3 (ARB, 2014).
2004 oha rieHHCM/iBaHM My>K A/ibTepHaTMB 3pMMM Xymhmm Baru,biH CTaHflapTflaa (A3XBC) HYM-bir
spMMM xymhmm Ty/nu 6o/iro>K opyy/icaH aHXHbi My>K y/ic 6o/icoh. A3XBC-aap >KM>KMr/i3HrMMH xyfla/iflaH
aBarM HapT 3apcaH 6yx u,axM/iraaH spMMM xyhhmm 3apMM xyBMMr a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm sx
YYCB3pYYA33C rapraH aBcaH 6aMXbir LuaapAqar. lilaapflarflax a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm tyblumh apBaH
TaBaH >km/immh xyBaapMMH A^ryy aa>KMaap H3M3r,£],3>K, Tyblumh I Heeu,e,£], 0.5 xyBMMH HapHbi 3Hepm
6yxmm >KMiiiMr yTra 8 xyBb, 2020 oh rsxsfl HYM 6arrcaH Tyblumh II Heeu,e,£], >kmlumt yTra 10 xyBb 6aMXbir
LuaapflaHa (PUC, nd).
OxaMorMMH xyy/iMap u,axM/iraaH TYrssx 6o/ioh u,axM/iraaHbi y^^h-^11"33 YSYY-^Asr KOMnaHMyflbir
YM/lAB3p/13>K 6yM 3PMMM XYMHMM TOflOpXOM XSCrMMT a/lbTepH3TMB 3pMMM XYMHMM 3X YYCB3P33C SSaXblT
LuaapAAar. 2025 oha tsxsa OxaMO flaxb u,axM/iraaH TYrssx, u,axM/iraaHbi YSYY-^Asr
16
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KOMnaHkiyflbiH 6op/iyy/icaH u,axM/iraaHbi 25 xyBMMr a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm sx yycb3P33C aBcaH 6afix
ecTOM. Mgh Haafl 3ax Hb 12.5 xyBMMr HexeH csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm Heeu,eec YYcr3C3H 6afix ecroM 6a
3H3 Hb "opxurflcoH hyyPchmm yypxafiraac a/irapyy/icaH MeTaHbi XMM"-r 6arraacaH (OxaMO HXK,
OxaMornMH Xyy/iMMH Toitoomhk, 49-p TapMur, 4928-p By/isr).
EapyyH Bmphkmhma My>K 2009 OHbi 6-p capA A/ibTepHaTMB 6o/ioh CsprssrAsx 3pMMM Xyhhmm Baru,biH
CTaHflapTbir (AHC3XBC) 6aTa/icaH 6orooA 3H3 Hb 30,000-aac asslu oplumh cyym xspsr/iamTSM xopoHro-
opyy/iarMMMH 333mlum/i 6yxmm u,axM/iraaHbi KOMnaHkiyflbir 2025 oh rsxsA >KM>KMr/i3Hr33p 6op/iyy/iax
u,axn/iraaHbi 25 xyBMMr xy/ibbh soBwooporACOH a/ibTepHaTMB, hoxoh csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm sx
YYCB3p33c rapraw, xaHraxbir LuaapflaHa. 3hs Hb 2015 OHbi 1-p capaac sx/ish x3psr>KM>K sx/isx y^A
u,axn/iraaH ym/iabbp/ibm, TYrssAsr 6aMryy/i/iaryyA eMHex >km/ia 3apcaH u,axM/iraaHbi xyBbTaM t3hu,3x
x3M>t«3Hkm a/ibTepHaTMB, HexeH csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm KpeAMTMMr u,yr/iyy/icaH 6afix LuaapA/iaraTaM
6o/iox kdm. KpeAMTYYAH^r a/ibTepHaTMB 6o/ioh csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm sx YYCB3PYYA33C xyAa/iAan aBM
3CB3/1 YYcr3>K 6o/iho. AHC3XBC -aap H0X0H csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm sx yycb3P33C aBax xaMTMMH 6ara
xyBMMr TorrooroorYM 6a "a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm hooli," rsAsr Hap TOMbeor awMr/iaAar. 3hsxyy nap
TOMbeo Hb 6ycaA My>K y/icyyAaA xspsr/isAsr "a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xym" rsAsr Hap TOMbeoHooc m/iyy
0pr0H yTra M/ispxMM/iAsr. A/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm h00u,oa HflM 6o/ioh "LuaTaaw, yhc 6o/iro>K,
xaarAa/i 6o/iro>K scbs/i raAanu/iyy/i>K 6o/iox xaarAa/i xmm, xaarAa/i ty/ilu bcbs/i 3Heprn raprax 6ycaA
top/immh 6oAncyyA" 33psr HYM-Tatf aAM/i a^xmh 6o/ioBcpyy/icaH spMMM xyhhmm sx YYCB3PYYA 6arTaHa.
AHC3XBC -a 2009 OHbi 11-p capA 3acBap opyy/i>K, H0X0H csprssrAsx ho0u,mmh LuaapA/iararYMrssp
6aru,biH CTaHAapTbir 30BX0H a/ibTepHaTMB spMMM xyhhmm hoouyyasA hmmlwy-^x 6o/iom>ktom 6o/irocoH
(DSIRE, 2012; WV Legislature, 2009).
2008 OHbi 3-p capA, KDTa My>K "3pMMM Xyhhmm Hooli, 6a HYYPCTopomMMH XaarAa/i Byypyy/iax
CaHaaMki/irbiH Xyy/ib "-aap csprssrAsx SHepmMH 6aru,biH CTaHAapTbir 6mm 6o/irocoH 6a 3H3 Hb 6ycaA
My>KyyAbiH csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm 6aru,biH craHAapTyyATaM toctsm 6aMB. 3hs xyy/immh A^ryy opTrMMH
XyBbA X3MH3/1TT3M 6o/l XOpOHTO-Opyy/iarMMMH 333MLUM/1 6YXMM U,aXM/iraaH 3pMMM XYMHMM KOMnaHMyA
opoH HyiTMMH KOMnaHMyA, moh xaMTapcaH KOMnaHMyA 2025 OHbi 30XMU,yy/ia/iT xmmtacbh
>KM>KMr/i3HrMMH u,axM/iraaH 6op/iyy/ia/iTbiH 20 xyBMMr xy/ibbh 30BLU00p0rAC0H hoxoh csprssrABX
BHeprMMH sx YYCB3P33C aBM aniMr/iax ecTOM. 3pMMM xymhmm KOMnaHMyA 3H3 3opM/iroA xypbxmmh Ty/iA
30BLueeperAceH csprssrABX spMMM xyhhmm sx yycb3P33C u,axM/iraaH ym/iassP^sx bcbs/i hoxoh csprssrAsx
spMMM xymhmm cepTMc()MKaT (HC3XC) xyAa/iAan aBM 6o/iho. 2010 oha KDTa My>K H.B. 192 "CsprssrAsx
3pMMM Xym - MeTaH Xmm" rscsH xyy/ib 6aTa/icaH 6a 3H3 Hb "csprssrABX spMMM xymhmm sx yycb3P" rsAsr
TOAOpXOM/lO/lTOH A "opXMTACOH HYYPCHMM yypXaMH MeTaH XMM 6yroy y/lCblH SOBLUOOpe/lTSMrOOp
yypxaMraac xmm fl/irapyy/iax"-bir hsm>k opyy/icaH. MHrscHssp TorTOOH 6apbcaH roMyy o/i6op/iocoH
xaarAa/i xmm 6o/ioh xaarAa/i AY-^aaHbir spMMM xym y^^AssP-^sx 6aMryy/iaM>KyyAaA bpmmm xymhmm sx
YYCBsp 6o/iroH aLUMr/ia>K 6o/iox kdm. Yr 3acBap Hb 2010 OHbi 5-p capbiH ll-ssp (KDTa My>K y/icbiH TopMMH
Xyy/ib Torroox BaMryy/i/iara, 2010) xyhmh Toro/iAop 6o/icoh.
H3M3JIT M3,3,33iI3iI
flapaax xo/i6oocyyA Hb hsms/it m3A33/13/i emo:
MeTaH xmmt o/i6op/ioxroM xo/i6ootom AHY-h xyy/ib, 6oA/ioryyA (Holland & Hart LLP):
http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference sept09/02bassett white paper.pdf
HYYPCToporMMMH HoxBopMMH 3ax 333/1, Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH (Point Carbon):
http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference octlO/Felt.pdf
17
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HyyPchmm YypxaMH MeTaH: Wmhxshs Y/iaM>K/ia/iT Bye Xmm, Xy/ismhkmmh Xmm Byypyy/iax Toco/itsm
Xo/i6or,fl,coH 933MLUM/1, XflHa/iT, Bo/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbiH Acyy,fl,a/i Xohacoh Cy,fl,a/iraa:
http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference octlO/Kennedv.pdf
U,ar YypbiH 0epM/ie/iTMMH Bofl/ioro flaxb Yfi/i FIbli,:
http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference octlO/Kruger.pdf
Xy/i3M>KMMH Xmmh KpeflMT, Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH Tece/ifl Hoxoh CsprssrAsx 3pMMM Xyhhmm
YpaMLuyy/ia/i: http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference octll/Cote.pdf
AHY-h HyyPchmm YypxaMH MeTaH Toc/iyyahmh Bo/iom>k 6o/ioh Ty/iraM,fl,a>K Byfi AcyyA/iyyAafl Xmmcsh
flYH LUnH>KM/ir33: http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference sep!2/02 Kennedy.pdf
flMC flaxb AHY-h M3,0,33/13/1:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch36.pdf
3.2. XflTa,zj
HYM 6ojioh H/1.M-H 333MUIHJI
XflTaflbiH aLUkirT Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu, TepuMH 333mlum/ia 6aMHa. Xawryy/ibiH scbs/i o/i6op/io/iTbiH spx
aBaxbiH Ty/ifl 6yx xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iTbiH a>KM/i/iaraar I~a3ap 6a Heeu,kiMH flaM (THH) scbs/i opoH HyTrnMH
ra3ap 6a Heeu,MMH tobmooaoop (THT) 30BLueepYY^3x ecTOM. 100 can MeTp tohh Heeu,eec flaBcaH
Heeu,T3M tom HYYPCHkm yypxaMHyyfl l~Hfl-aap flaM>Kyy/i>K /inu,eH3 aBax ecTOM 6aMflar m hkhhkht
yypxaMHyyfl 1970-fl OHbi cyy^33P A^xhh LUMHSM/isrflcsH 3acrnMH ra3pbiH rapracaH lummabspmmh A^ryy
opoH HyTrnMH rHT-Ayyflaap ,fl,aM>Kyy/iaH 39BLueepe/i aBM 6o/iho. HyyPchmm ca/i6apTaM h3T3h a^n/iaap
T6B 3acrnMH ra3ap opoH HyTrnMH tyblumha MeHe>KMeHTkmH spx M3fl3/i o/iroflorrYM Ty/i Hec()Tb 6o/ioh
6aMra/iMMH xmmh y^ a>KM/i/iaraa AByy/iaxafl THA-fl 6YPTrYY^C3H 6afix ecTOM 6aMflar. XflTaflbiH aLUkirr
Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,kiMH xyy/ib 1986 oha 6aT/iarflcaH 6ereeA 1996 oha hsms/it eepM/ie/iT opyy/iax xypts/i
HflM-bir flaHraap opyy/iaarYM 6aMcaH. 3hs Hb HflM-bir xaTaflbiH 34 aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,kiMH H3r rs>K
opyy/icaHTaki xo/i6ootom. HflM-biH xawryy/i o/i6op/io/iTbir y/iaM>K/ia/iT Hec()Tb 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
xafiryy/i o/i6op/io/ittom a^n/iaap opyy/icaH 6a 1998 ohooc xomlu HaMHa (OHaMTafl KeY/i6efl XXK (China
United Coalbed Methane), HaMHa HeuiH/i rieTpo/inyM Kopnopau,n (China National Petroleum
Corporation), HaMHa rieTpo/inyM (China Petroleum), Ken/mxa/i Kopnopau,n (Chemical Corporation) 33psr
TepuMH xflHa/nraM y/icbiH 9MMMMH rypBaH 6aMryy/i/iara hmmt HflM-biH 6/ioKyyflbiH xaracaac asslu 6yxmm
OMpo/iu,ooroop 65,000 MeTp kb HflM-biH 6/ioKyyflafl xawryy/i xmmx spxkmr aBCHaap 6YPTr3rflC3H 60/1
HaMHa rieTpo-KeMkiKa/i Kopnopau,n (China Petro-Chemical Corporation (SinoPec) 33psr 6ycafl TepuMH
9MMMMH 6aMryy/i/iaryyfl m/iyy 6ara xyBkifir aBcaH raw 6YPTr3rflC3H 6aMHa (Lin, 2011).
HflM-biH /inu,eH3MMr rHfl-Hbi A33A 3axnpraa o/iroflor 6aMxafl o/iohx yypxaMHyya, 6ycafl /inu,eH333 opoH
HyTrnMH tyblumha aBflar ynup hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-biH /inu,eH3YYAH^H xoopoHfl mxssxsh xsmhoshmm
flaBXU,a/l TOXMO/lflO>K 6aMHa. 2007 OHbl CYY^33P; HMMT 98 HflM-blH 0/l6op/10/lTblH /lMU,eH333C 86 Hb
AaBxapflcaH /inu,eH3MMH acyy^a/iTaM 6akicaH, 3H3 86 HflM-biH /inu,eH3 Hb 12,534 km/kb Ta/i6afir
xaMapcaH 1406 hyypc o/i6op/io/iTbiH /inu,eH3T3M flaBxapflcaH 6aMHa. 3hs Hb tomooxoh xsm>k33hmm
30pMki/ifl XYprs>K a/iaHryaa 2003 oha lilaHLUki my>kmmh >KkiHMeHfl o/i6op/io/iT AByy/icaH CaMHO lleK
(SinoPec) KOMnaHki >KkiHMeH Koy/i Tpynn (>KkiHMeH Key/i rpynn)-biH oxmh KOMnaHki 6o/iox KkiHLuyM
/laHkiaH CBM (Qinshui Lanyan CBM) KOMnaHMMH MeTaH o/i6op/io/iTooc YYA3H hyypchmm /inu,eH3
333MLUkirMMMH scpsr roMflo/i rapracaH 6aMHa. foMfl/ibir aaMflbiH xaMTapcaH LUMH>KM/ir33HMM 6ar
18
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Lua/iraxafl xypn, >KkiHMeH Key/i Tpynn "xyy/ib 6yc xmmh inaBxa/iT" xmmcsh rscsH AyrHS/iT rapracaH.
>KkiHMeH Key/i Tpynn yypxaMMflbiH aioy/iryM 6aM,fl/ibir xaHrax, u,aaLU/iaa,fl, "Tepeec HflM, cy,fl,a/i, HyypcHMM
LuaBap, M9H Ma3yTbir m>k 6ypH33p awmviax Hyypc yM/i1£i,B3p/i3rM1£],31£], ,£],3M>K/i3r y3yy/iH3" tscsh XflTaflbiH
HyypcHMM Xyy/ikiMH 35-p 6y/irMMH 3aa/iTbiH A^ryy MeTaHbir o/i6op/iox xspsrrsM 6aMcaH raw MapracaH.
XapnH yr acyy,fl,a/i LUMMABsp/isrAssryM 6eree,£], Y/icbiH fl33A 3eB/ie/i lumhs xafiryy/ibiH /iMU,eH3, HflM moh
HyypcHMM Heeu,MMr xaMraa/iax, yHS/iraa raprax, moh T3,fl,r33pMMH Heeu,YYAHMr toitoox ecroM xsmssh
3aacaH "HflM-biH 0/i6op/io/iT, AwMr/ia/iTbir Xyp^acrax CaHa/i"-bir (TepMMH 3eB/ie/iMMH EpeHXMM Ocfjcfjuc
[2006] flyraap 47) TaHM/iu,yy/icaH. XspsB hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH tohh TyTaMfl aryy/iar,fl,ax xmmh hatt Hb
toaopxom/icoh CTaHflapTafl 3aacHaac n/iyy 6eree,fl, 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT AByy/iaxafl toxmpomhktom 60/1 HflM
6o/ioh Hyypc 6o/ioBcpyy/iax Te/ieB/iereer rapraw, Hyypc o/i6op/iox a>K/ibir HYM LuaBxax CMCTeMryMrssp
AByy/iaxbir xopur/ioHO (Lin, 2011; IEA, 2009). Yr 6o1fl/ioro1fl, moh hyypchmm yypxaMHyyfl HYM-biH xsm>km/it
xmmhk, XAHa/iTTaBkix a>Kki/i/iaraar x3psr>KYY/i3x ecroM raw 3aacaH.
0ep H3r LUMH>KM/ir33HMM 6ar >KkiHMeH Key/i Tpynn-r "xyy/ib 6yc xmmh inaBxa/iT" xmmcsh raw
toaopxom/icoh xsflkiM m Tyc KOMnaHMfl Topryy/ib xy/i33/ir33ryM 6a 2007 OHbi 4-p capbiH 6aM,fl/iaap
AaBxapflcaH /iMU,eH3yYAHMr x3/i3/iu,33p33p 30XMU,yy/iHa rs>K THH Ma^ar^s/i rapracaH "Notice on
Strengthening Coal and CBM Comprehensive Prospecting and Mining Management" (MLR [2006]96)
(Lin, 2011).
XflTaflbiH xyy/inHfl HflM 6o/ioh HYM-h xyy/iMMH Hap TOMbeor a/iraH aBM y3,£],3rrYM h m/i yypxaMH
o/i6op/io/iTbiH 9MH9X LuaBxa/iTaap rapracaH MeTaHbir epeHXMMfl Hb HflM, xapnH ra3pbiH ryHfl
o/i6op/iocoH MeTaHbir HYM raw Y3A3r. HyYpc 6o/ioh HflM/HYM-H /iMU,eH3MMH flaBxapfl/ibiH yep,
aujur/iax apra 6yxkm A33P AYP^AcaH M3A3rfl3/iA (THH [2006]96) THH Hb HflM-r HYM-c Tycafl Hb aBM
Y3C3H:
On6opnonmbiH 6yc domop un LuaexanmbiH apzaap HflM-bia uuaexax 60/1 Hyypc
on6opnonmbiH nuu,eH3 333mluu2v hb HflM-biH /iuu,eH3 aeax xapaamau; xapuH za3ap
doopxxuuz (HYM) zapzaxad HflM uuaexaxnuu,eH3 luaapdnazazyu.
Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-biH nuu,eH3yyd daexapdcan moxuondond, myxauH nuu,eH3
333Mvuuzmjd "HflM-biz 3X3/1 m Luaexana, Hyypc on6opnonmbiz dapaa Hb neyy/iHa" zscsh
3apyu/vid yHd3c/i3M xa/vimpaH axcunnax 6ytoy 6ym33zd3xyyH on6opnox X3n3nu,33p
xuuh3, UHZ3CH33p Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-biH um 6yp3H xauzyyn, on6opnonm neyy/iHa.
X3p38 xoep man anb anb Hb moxuponu,ooHd xypy yadaxzyu 6on, rHfl 3yy^nan xuux33p
opo/inoHO. X3p38 xoep man anb anb Hb 30xuu,yynanmbiz xyn33H 3eeiueepeen hsz man
Hezee mandaa Heeufed xepeHze opyyncHbi nexen onzoeop onzoHO. X3p3e 3yyvnan
aMJKunmzyu 6oneon, za3ap 6onoH 6auzanuuH Heeu,uuH moe^oo 'xuuh Luaexanm, Hyypc
on6opnonm 6a mecnuuH mandau daxb Hyypc yunde3pn3zy KOMnaHU 6yp3H X3MM33HUU
xauzyyn xuux, HflM-Hbi hoou, on6opnoxbiz Ssmmux H3zmz3C3H 3apyuM'-d Huuu,yyn3H
apza X3MM33 aeHa. (Lin, 2011)
HYM-h Eo,zyioro
XflTaflbiH Eafira/ib OpMkiH XaMraa/iax JlaM 2008 oha hyypchmm lumhs yypxaMHyyfl 6o/ioh maBxa/iTbiH
cncTeMYYA3A 3opny/i>K HflM/HYM-bm Xaarfl/ibiH CTaHflapT 6mm 6o/irocoH. 3hs CTaHflapTaap 30 xyBMac
A33LU MeTaHbi KOHU,eHTpau, 6yxMM HYM LuaBxax cmctcmtsm onepaTopyyflbir Tyxamh xmmt aujMr/iax lOMyy
LuaTaaxbir Luaapflflar. 2012 OHbi a/i6aH 6yc 6apMMTaap 3H3 6o,fl/ioro Hb 3apMM 6ycYYA3A xmmh
KOHTU,eHTpau,bir LLiMHr3/i>K 30 xyBMac aoolu 6o/irox, 6aT/iar,fl,caH npaKTMK, aioy/iryMH CTaH,fl,apTyyAt>ir
3epMMxe,£],XYpr3x ceper He/ieeTSMr xapyy/icaH (USEPA, 2012).
19
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XflTaflbiH 3acrnMH ra3pbiH ApBaH Hsr asx TaBaH >Km/immh Te/ieB/iereeHfl HflM/HYM-biH
6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbir 2010 oh rsxafl yhabchmm hmmt xsmhosha 10 T3p6yivi Ky6 MeTp 6o/irox 3opn/iT opcoH.
Yr Te/ieB/iereeHfl xoTbiH ,fl,aM>Kyy/iax xoo/ioMroop T33B3p/i3r,fl,3x HYM-h yhmmh 30XMU,yy/ia/iT, HYM-p
YYcrsrflcsH u,axM/iraaH LuyraM cy/ixoshmm TaTaac 6yxmm yh3HA xo/i6orflo/i m/iyy erex, TyxaMH
o/i6op/io/iTbm 6o/ioh hmmtmmh opoH cyyu,a,£], awMr/iax, xmmmmh tyyxmmh spy\v\h awMr/ia/iTaHfl
caHXYYrnMH ,£],3M>K/i3r Y3YY/13X Tyxafi TycrarflcaH. (Franklin, 2010).
HflM/HYM Hb 3acrnMH ra3pbiH ApBaH Xoep flaxb TaBaH->KM/iMMH Te/ieB/iereeHMM 6aMra/iMMH xmm
6o/ioBcpyy/iax xscsrr Myxa/i 6yp3/ia3XYYh 6o/i>k opcoH. Yr Te/ieB/iereereep 2010-aac 2015 OHbi xoopoHfl
cyypnH xspsr/isrMAMMr OMpo/iu,ooroop xoep flaxMH ecre>K, OMpo/iu,ooroop 3.3 can afi/i rspTss HYM-bir
Yhacsh ty/ilu 6o/iroH awMr/iyy/iax, moh HYM-biH hmmt awMr/ia/iT OMpo/iu,ooroop 5.5 T3p6yivi Ky6 MeTpssp
H3M3r,fl,3x Ty/i u,axM/iraaH YYcrYYPM^H ^afl/ibir flepBOH flaxMH Mxscrsw 2850 MBt 6o/iroxbir ypna/icaH
6aMHa (USEPA, 2012). Yr Te/ieB/iereereep 2015 oh rsxsfl HYM-biH hmmt rapu,bir 30 T3p6yivi Ky6 MeTp
6o/iroxbir ypna/icaH (Huang, 2012).
HYM-Tatf xo/i6ootom eep o/ioh Tep/iMMH 6o,fl,/ioro HYM-bir o/i6op/iox, awMr/iaxbir asm^mxsa
Mkir/i3r,£]1£],3r. 3acmMH I~a3ap HYM-biH awMr/ia/iTafl Ky6/MeTpT 0.2 roaHMMH xeHre/ie/iT sfl/iYY-nw,
HflM/HYM-TY/iLUTSM u,axM/iraaH YYcrYYPT kBt-a 0.25 roaHMMH xeHre/ie/iT o/iro>K 6aMraa Hb 6noMaccbiH
u,axn/iraaH YYcrYYPT YSYY-^w 6yMTafi m>km/i xeHre/ie/iT kdm. 2007 ohooc xomlu, tob 3acmMH ra3ap
HflM/HYM-bm 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbir a3m>km>k, 9.195 T3p6yivi Ky6 MeTpssp (Huang, 2012) Toou,or,£],ox 1.839
T3p6yM roaHMMH xeHre/ie/iTeep ypaMLuyy/ia/i \/3\/\/nc3H 6aMHa.
Tyyhh/ish, yypxaMH KOMnaHkiyfl HflM 60/10Bcpyy/ia/iT flaxb xafiryy/i, /iMU,eH3MMH xypaaM>Kaac
Me/iee/ierAex 6a 2020 OHbir xypts/i HflM-fl OHorflox awMrr Ma/iTMa/i awMr/iacHbi Te/i6ep Te/iexrYM.
HflM/HYM o/i6op/io>K, awMr/ia>K 6yfi hyypchmm yypxaMHyyflaac u,yr/iyy/icaH Hsmyy ©pTrMMH A/i6aH
TaTBapbir (HGAT)-r HYYPC o/i6op/iom KOMnaHkiyflafl 6yu,aaH o/iro>K, HYM o/i6op/iox, awMr/iaxafl
3opny/icaH TexHO/iorn 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K 6yfi Y^ABSPYYASA op/iorbiH a/i6aH TaTBap Horflyy/iflarrYM. HYM-
biH xafiryy/i, 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT, awMr/ia/iT AByy/iaxafl 3opny/icaH MMnoprroM xo/i6ootom TaTBap, HGAT-bir
moh Me/iee/iceH. 333/1 3CB3/1 eepMMH xepeHreep HYM-biH T6c/iYYA3A KariMTa/ibiH xepeHre opyy/ia/iT
xmm>k 6yi>i hyypchmm yypxafi 333MLUnrMM,£], op/iorbiH a/i6aH TaTBapbiH hoxo/it 6o/iro>K yr KannTa/ibiH
Yhmmh 40 xyBkmr 6yu,aaH aBM 6o/iho. (Huang, 2012; IEA, 2009).
T3X,0,33 fl33px 6o,fl,/10rO Hb HYM-biH T0C/1MMT X3p3r>KYY^3X3A 6oflMT ,£],3M>K/13r 6o/1>K 6yM M AypbflCaH
xeHre/ie/iTYYA TaTBapbiH Me/iee/ie/iTYYA3A xaiviparflaxbiH Ty/ifl Tyxamh KOMnaHM 30XMX tyblumha xycs/it
rapra>K tyyhmmxss xomhooc TorTMO/i xeeu,e/i,£],ex xspsrrsMr TSMflsr/iYYLUTSM.
KnoTornMH llpoTOKO/ibiH XaBcpa/iTbiH Bye I X3cr33c xapBa/i, XflTafl y/ic omho Hb hmmt 6YPTr3r,fl,c3H 79
HYM-biH Tece/iT3Mreep (UNFCCC, 2013) U,XM ca/i6apT HYM-aap Tspryyn 6aMpaH,fl, 6aficaH 6aMHa. 2010
OHbi 7-p capfl, LLIeH3eHMM spy\v\h 3acrnMH 6yc, HoHTKMHr, B33>kmh, LLIaHxaM, TnaH>KMH xoTyyfl, TyaHflOH
,Xy6eki My>K rax mst spy\v\h 3acrnMH TycraM 6ycmmt Yhaschmm Xer>KM/i, LLImhsm/is/itmmh XopooHooc
XflTaflbiH aHXHbi HYYPCTeperM 6ara xspsr/isrM ra3pyy,fl, rs>K H3p/i3C3H 6aMHa. Yyhmm flapaa XflTaflbiH
Xy/13m>kmmh Xmmh Bnp>K 6mm 6o/i>k, aHXHbi xyfla/iflaa Hb 2013 OHbi 6 capfl lileH3eH,£], 6o/icoh 6aMHa
(China Daily, 2013).
H3M3JIT M3,3,33iI3iI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy,fl, Hb hsms/it msass/is/i erHe:
XflTaflbiH 3pMMM Xyhhmm 3ax 333/i: AHxyM, HoHrMMHr, XeHaH, 0Bep Mohto/i, TyaH>Ky My^yyfl:
http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/2012ChinaEnergyMarket.pdf
20
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XflTafl flaxb Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH: fls/irspsx Eo/iom>ktom Haxna/i>K Eyfi XepeHre (O/ioh Y/icbiH
3pMMM Xymhmm AreHT/iar):
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/china cmm report.pdf
AHY-h HyyPchmm YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/iox Tece/ifl CaHXYYrnMH 6o/ioh 3oxMU,yy/ia/iTbiH YpaMLuyy/ia/i
(xyyflac 15): http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm-financial-regulatorv-incentives.pclf
flMC flaxb XflTafl Y/icbiH M3,o,33/i3/i:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch7.pdf
3.3. MeKCHK
1917 OHbi MeKCMKMMH Yh^csh Xyy/iMMH 27-p 6aMra/ikiMH 6yx Heeu,, yyh A°Top rM,fl,poKap6oH Hb
Yhaschmm 9MM t3>k 3aa>K33. Tyyhh/ish, yy/i yypxaMH xyy/ib 3H3 3aa/iTbir 30XMU,yy/iax 6a yr xyy/iMMH 4-p
sssmsfx "eepMMH 6yx Tep/ieep 6aMraa awMrr Ma/iTMa/ibiH hyypc 6o/ioh TyxaMH opatom xo/i6ootom xmm"
Hb "cyfla/i, flaBxapra, My/iyy/iar 6yroy yhacsh My/iyy/iar flaxb Heeu,MMr 6ypaYY/1>k 6yM, ra3pbiH xepcHeec
eep aLUkirT Ma/iTMa/i roiviyy cy6craHU," kdm rsHos (Mexico Mining Law, 2006). TepMMH ommmt lleTpo/iMoc
MeKCMKaHoc (Petroleos Mexicanos) 6yroy PEMEX rsx ra3pbiH TOCHbi KOMnaHM Hec()Tb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
xafiryy/i xmmx, 6o/ioBcpyy/iax, 6op/iyy/iax OHU,roM spxMMr 333mlum>k upcsH tyyxtbm 6a YYHA Hb hyypchmm
AaBxaprbiH 6o/ioh hyypchmm yypxaMH MeTaH opHO. MeKCMKMMH hmmtmmmh caMH caMXHbi Te/iee spy\v\h
3acrnMH yh3 U.3H3 6mm 6o/irox, 6aMra/ib opMMH, spMMM xymhmm aroy/irYM 6aM,fl/ibir HSMsrAYY^1^
3opM/iroTOM MeKCMKMMH 3acmMH Ta3pbiH rYMU,3Tr3/iMMH Xapbaa Ca/i6ap Hb PEMEX-h yflMp^ax
39B/ie/iMMr TOMM/iflor (APEC, 2012).
2006 OHbi 2 capfl llacTa fle Kohmoc (Pasta De Conchos) yypxaMfl MeTaHTaM xo/i6ootom ,£],3/i63p3/iT
6o/ichooc xomlu, MeKCMKMMH KoHrpecc 6o/ioh CeHaT yy/i yypxaMH xyy/iMHfl 3acBap opyy/i>K, HflM/HYM-
r Tyxamh ra3apT Hb o/i6op/iox, awMr/iax spxMMr hyypc o/^op/iorMflOA o/irox 6yroy PEMEX-t xmm
6op/iyy/iax spxMMr o/irocoH (Kelefant, 2011). Yh^csh Xyy/iMMH 27-p 6aMcaH aHXHbi xyBM/i6apaap
PEMEX Hb 6yx TM,£],poKap6oHbi xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/rr, 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iT moh 6op/iyy/ia/iT xmmx OHU,roM
3pxT3M 6aMcaH yMMp hyypchmm yypxaMHyyfl xyy/iMMH A^ryy HYM-bir 6op/iyy/iax, u,axM/iraaH, fly/iaaH
YYcrsxssp Tyxamh ra3apT Hb awMr/iax 6o/ioM>tK, awMr/iaafl
3orcoxrYM tyyhmmtss xs^MMrssp 3eBxeH PEMEX-t m tscsh^ss rspssHMM A^ryy xyfla/iflax 6o/iom>ktom
6o/icoh (Wallace, 2008). 2011 oha 3pmmm Xymhmm flaM (SENER) HflM-biH 30BLueepe/i o/iroxofl Lua/iryyp
H3M3X 3aa/iT 6o/ioBcpyy/icaH. Sflrssp eepM/ie/iTYYA33P HflM-biH o/i6op/io/rr AByy/iax 30BLueepe/i aBaxbiH
Ty/ifl yy/i yypxaMH KOMnaHMyflbiH raprax eprefle/ifl hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH MeTaHbi o/i6op/iox, xsm>km/it
xmmx, aLUMr/iaxafl 3opMy/icaH toc/immh 6o/ioh MaTepMa/i/iar 6aa3biH u,ap xypss u,aaLU/iaafl MeTaHbir
TOOU.OO/1COH 30pMy/ia/lTaap (eepMMH X3p3rU,33Hfl 3CB3/1 PEMEX -T HMM/1YY^3X SCBS/l a/lb a/lb Hb opHO)
aniMr/iax ysYY^13-^™^1" 6arTaax ecTOM rs>K 3aacaH. Tyyhm/ish shs eepM/ie/iTeep toc/immh AYHA
o/i6op/iocoH xmmt PEMEX-t hmm/iyy^3x toxmo/iao/ia, toc/immt x3psr>KMX 6o/ioM>KrYM rs>K yssx bcbs/i
Tec/iMMH fl3fl 6yt3u, hmm/iyy-^/itmmh u,3iT Luaapflarflax TexHMKMMH 6o/ioh MaHapbiH Luaapfl/iaryyflbir
xaHraxryM rs>K ysbs/i aaiviHaac TOflopxoM YHA3c/i3/i33p 30BLueepe/i o/iroxooc TaTra/i3aHa rs^rMMr moh
3aa>K33 (Lopez-Velarde 6a Almaraz, 2011).
Eo,zyioro 6a YpaMmj^yjiaji
MeKCMK y/ic oflooroop ra3pbiH TOCHbi xspsr/issHfl HYYPCTeperMMMH TaTBap Horflyy/iax xyy/ib 6aT/iax
LuaTaHfl 6aMraa. HYYPCTeperMMMH TaTBap Hb Mckcmkmmh xy/ibm>kmmh xmmh a/irap/ibir 2020 oh rsxsfl 30
21
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xyBb, 2050 oh rsxafl 50 xyBkiap 6yypyy/iax 3opn/iT 6ne/i3X3,£], xyBb Hsivipss opyy/iax yMkipTafi. Yr xyy/inap
2014 ohooc 3X/13H KOMnaHkiyflbiH a/irapyy/i>K 6yfi HyYPCTeperMMMH flaBxap mc/immh MeTp tohh TyTaMfl 5
Am a Te/i6ep OHor,fl,yy/iax roiviyy MeKCMKHMH U,XM Tec/ieec TOflopxoM H3r>K BaTa/iraa>KcaH Xy/ibmhkmmh
Xmmh Byypa/iT (BXXB) xacyy/iax ecroM. Mkmepa/ikic MoHK/ioBa (Minerales Monclova) xsmssx yy/i
yypxaMH KOMnaHki TaTBapaac 3aM/icxkmxnMH Ty/ifl HYM toc/immh BXXB-r awkir/iaxaap Te/ieB/ie>K 6afiraa
(Point Carbon, 2013).
H3M3JIT M3,0,33JI3JI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy,fl, Hb hsms/it msass/is/i erHe:
flMC flaxb MeKCHK Y/icbiH Msass/is/i:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch21.pdf
3.4. YKpaiiH
HyyPchmm yypxafi, hyypchmm Heeu,kmr epeHXHMflee YKpaMHbi Tep s3smlumx 6o/iobm aM>Kki/iTTaM ABaa
o/ioh yypxafi xyBbM/iarflcaH roMyy /inu,eH3TSM 6aM,fl,ar (USEPA, 2010). 2012 OHbi 6aM,fl/iaap, YKpaMHfl 155
yypxafi aujur/ia/iTaHfl 6aMraaraac 110 Hb TepuMH ommmt, 45 Hb xyBkiapaa o/i6op/io/iT xmmhk 6yfi
yypxaMHyyfl 6aMB (Yashchenko, 2013). YKpaMHbi spflsc 6afl/iarnMH Heeu,MMH xyy/iba 3aacHbi A^ryy HYM
Hb yhA3chmm X3M>K33HA soxkiu.yy/iar.fl.fl.ar aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/ibiH h66u,mmh aHm/ia/ifl 6arTflar (USEPA,
2009c).
2009 OHbi sxssp, YKpaMHbi nap/iaMeHT hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH xmmh (MeTaH) xyy/ikiMH aHXHbi xyBM/i6apbir
6aTa/icaH. 2009 OHbi 6 capfl YKpaMHbi EpeHXkm/iem Bmktop (OweHKO YKpaMHbi 3acrnMH ra3ap yy/i
yypxaMH onepaTopyyAafl hyyPchmm lumhs yypxaMH /inu,eH3kmr HYM-biH /inu,eH3TSM erex rspss 6aMryy/iax
xyy/inHfl rapbiH YC3r 3ypcaH. Ofloo 6afiraa yypxaMHyyfl HYM-biH xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT AByy/iaxafl
30BLueepe/i aBax Luaapfl/iaraTaM. 3hs Hb moh eepT 6afiraa HYM-biH /inu,eH3ss xyfla/iflax spxkifir
hyyPchmm yypxaMHyyAaA o/iro>K 6afiraa 6o/iobm Tsrsxkifir 3aaBa/i LuaapflaxrYM a>K (USEPA, 2009b; Evans,
2009; Maciw 6o/ioh 6yca,fl„ 2009). 3hs xyy/inHfl o/i6op/iocoH xmm Hb xmm ,fl,aM>Kyy/iax cucTeMMMH
Luaapfl/iara xaHra>K 6aMBa/i HYM s3SMLUnrMM,£], eepcflkiMH xmmtss 6op/iyy/i>K 6o/iox 6eree,£], YKpaMHbi
HYM-biH T6c/iYYA3A TaTBapaac Me/iee/ier,£],eHe rsflrkmr TOflopxoM 3aa>Kss (USEPA, 2009a). 2010 ohooc
sx/ish 2020 OHbi 1 capbir XYPT3/1, YKpaMHbi a>K axyfi hsthkmmh o/i6op/iocoH, awkir/iacaH HYM-c arnrnMH
TaTBap aBaxryM. Yyhssc ra,fl,Ha xspsB o/i6op/io/iTbir Tepeec caHXYY^YY-^c^ 6o/i MeTaHbi yh3A xa3raap
toitoox 30BLueep/iMMr YKpaMHbi Yhaschmm 3pMMM Xym 3oxnu,yy/iax Kommcct (YY3X3K) o/irocoH 6aMHa.
3u,sct Hb hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH xmmh xyy/ib Hb yypxaMHyyflbir HYM xaarfl/iaa HopMbiH A^ryy
xfl3raap/iaxbir LuaapAaw, 3epMBe/i Topryy/ib XY/iss/irsHS. HYM Tece/i HYYPCTeperMMMH yhs (Xy/ismhkmmh
Xmm Byypa/iTbiH Hsr>t<18) 6yypaxaac omho XaMTapcaH XspsrHKYY-ns/rr (XaM.X3p3r>K) 33psr HYYPCTeperM
6yypyy/iax xeTe/i6epT H3M3r,fl,3>K 6akiraa Hb omho Hb acyy,a,a/i YYcr3>K 6aMcaH. YKpaMHbi o/ioh TOOHbi
HYM-biH Tec/iYYAH^r x3psr>KYY^3X3A XaM.Xspsrw x0T0/i6op Myxa/i YYP3rT3^ 6akicaH (Evans, 2009; Evans,
2010; Evans, 2013).
18 Xy/13m>kmmh Xmm Byypa^TbiH Hsrw (XXBH) 6on KnoTornMH ripoTOKO/ibiH hsx^mmh Aaryy XaMTapcaH
X3psr>KYY^3^TTeC/lMMH XY/13M>KMMH XMMH XaflTfl^blH H3T>K K3IV1. XXBH Hb XaMTapcaH X3p3r>KYY^3^T MexaHM3IVlblH
Yesp H3r tohh C02 6yypcaH xsmhostsm tshl^yy-
22
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YKpaMH y/ic HYM Tece/ifl cepreep He/iee/iex xsfl xs^sh 6o,fl/ioro xspsr>KYY-n33A 6aMHa. 2012 oha Tyc
y/icbiH nap/iaMeHT TaTBapbm >KypMbir lumhsm/ishk, HYM rax mst epflkiMH 6yc 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
YM/iABsp/is/iA o/i6op/io/iTbm TaTBap Hor,fl,yy/iax 6o/icoh Hb HYM-biH Tec/iYYAnfir xaivirkmH 6ara aLUkirraM
6o/irocoH. 3hs acyyfl/ibir WMMflBsp/isx 6o/iom>ktom xsa xs^sh xyy/ikiMH Tece/i nap/iaMeHTaap
xs/is/i u,3r,£],3>K 6afiraa.
2008 OHbi 9 capbiH 25-ha YKpaMHbi nap/iaMeHT HorooH Tapkic^biH Xyy/ib-r 6aTa/icaH 6eree,£], yr xyy/ib
2009 OHbi 4 capbiH 22-ha xymmh Tere/iflep 6o/icoh. Yr xyy/inap a/ibTepHaTMB sx yycb3P TyxaM/i6a/i HYM-c
u,axn/iraaH Y^ABsp/isxkmr ypaMLuyy/iax 6aMcaH m ofloornMH xyy/ib Hb HYM-c YYcr3C3H u,axn/iraaHbir
6arraaraarYM. Mgh Tyc xyy/inHfl HYM-aap a>Kki/i/iax 6aMryy/iaM>tkss
h3btpyy^3x 6o/ioM>KMMr u,aaLU/iaa,£], u,axn/iraaHbi 6eeHkm AyHflaw yhmmt flepBeep yp^yy^103^3^ tshu,sx
YH33p 20 hkm/immh xyrau,aaH,£], HYM-fl HexeH csprssr^sx spMmvi xymhmm Tapucf) tottoox 6aMcaH. Hotooh
Tapnc})biH Xyy/iMmr 6aTa/icHbi fxspss, YYU,3K shs xyy/ikiMH A^ryy KOMnaHkiyfl /inu,eH3 aBax epre,fl,e/i
rapra>K 6o/iho rscsH AYP3M rapracHaap 3aca,£],KO hyypchmm yypxafi HYM-bir opo/iu,yy/iaarYM ofloornMH
xyy/inac eMHe /inu,eH3 xyccsh epre,fl,e/i rapra>K 6aMcaH 6aMHa.
YKpaMHbi 6o,fl,/iorbir EBponbiH HexeH csprssr^sx spMmvi xymhmm 6o,fl/ioro1£], hmmuyy^sxhmh Ty/iA YKpaMH
y/ic 36BX6H H0X0H CSprSSrflSX SpMMM XYMHMM Mkir/lS/lMMr 6apb>K, a/lbTepHaTMB SpMMM XYMHMM aHTM/1/lbir
6akixrYM 6o/irox xyy/ib TorrooM>Kkmr cy,fl,a/i>K 6aMHa, kmrscHssp HYM-Tatf xo/i6ootom Tec/iYYA3A
3opny/icaH TaTBapbiH A^Byy Ta/iyyfl xfl3raap/iar,fl,ax kdm (USEPA, 2009a; Evans, 2010; CoMeth, 2012;
Evans, 2013).
H3M3JIT M3,0,33JI3JI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy,fl, Hb hsms/it msass/is/i erHe:
YKpaMH flaxb Ym/i flbu, 6a Bofl/ioro 3oxnu,yy/ia/iTbiH "Hlki/iAsr Typw/iara" (Homxoh fla/iaMH BapyyH Xoma
Yhaschmm /la6opaTopn): https://www.globalmethane.org/expo-docs/indialO/postexpo/coal evans.pdf
YKpaMHbi Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaHbi Yfi/i A>KM/i/iaraa (Homxoh fla/iaMH BapyyH Xoma Yhaschmm
/la6opaTopn): http://epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm conference sept09/16evans.pdf
YKpaMHfl Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/iox, Awkir/iaxTaM xo/i6or,fl,coH TepuMH Bofl/ioro (YKpaMHbi
3pMMM Xyhhmm flaM 6a YKpaMHbi HyyPchmm A>k YM/iflBsp/is/i):
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/se/pp/coal/cmm/8cmm nov2013/7 Ukraine e.pdf
flMC flaxb YKpaMHbi Msass/is/i:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch34.pdf
3.5. ABCTpajiH
ABCTpa/ikifl Heeu, 6aa/irnMr My>K 6o/ioh opoH HyrmMH 3acrnMH ra3pyy,fl, 30xnu,yy/iHa. My>kmmh 3acrnMH
ra3pyy,fl, flOTOoflbiH 6yx Heeu, 6aa/irnMr eepcflkiMH spx msa/immh xypssha s3smlum>k, sflrsspkmr aLUkirr
Ma/iTMa/i/HYYPC, Hecfrrb/ 6aMra/iMMH xmmh xawryy/i xmmx 3eBLueepe/i, o/i6op/io/iTbiH /inu,eH3ssp
xakiryy/ibiH 6o/ioh yy/i yypxaMH KOMnaHMyflaflTYpssc/iYY^HS. Tspss xs/is/iu,ssp Hb My>K 6ypssp xapn/iu,aH
afln/irYM 6afix 6o/iobm hyyPchmm yypxaMH onepaTopyyfl HYYPC o/i6op/io/iTbiH (HYM) Hsr xscsr 6o/iro>K
23
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MeTaH 0/l6op/10XOOC 6yca,£], TOXMO/lflO/lfl MX3BM/13H He(J)Tb/xMMH /lMU,eH3 333MLLIMrLIM1£], HflM-bir
333MLUMH3. ABcrpa/iMfl Hec()Tb 6o/ioh hyypchmm /imj,eH3MMH flaBxapflcaH /lMU,eH3YYAHMr 30XMU,yy/iaX
o/ioh TOOHbi AYP3M wypaM, ,0,3c flapaa/ia/i 6yxmm 3aa/rryyA 6mm. (Karas, 2006). HYM-biH toc/iyya
MX3BM/13H KBMMHC/iaHfl 60/lOH HblO CayT B3M/1CT TOXMO/lflOHO (HCB) (GMI, 2013).
KBHHHcnaHA
2002 OHbi 11 capfl, KBMMHC/iaHflbiH 3acrMMH ra3ap H3r 6yc HyTarr o/iror,fl,coH eep eep 333mlum/i 6yxmm
HflM 6o/ioh hyypchmm xaMryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT AByy/iax acyyfla/iA xaHflcaH 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH lumhs >KypaM
rapracaH 6aMHa. Yr wypivibir a/i6aH ecoop x3psr>KYY^3XMMH Ty/ifl, 1923 OHbi HecJmiMH Xyy/iMMr 2004 oha
6aTa/icaH Hec()Tb 6o/ioh BaMra/iMMH Xmmh (0/i6op/io/iT 6a Aroy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraa) lumhs xyy/iMap op/iyy/iaH
co/ibcoH. Yyhmm Aapaa> hyypchmm /iMU,eH3 30XMU,yy/iflar 6aMcaH 1989 OHbi Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH
Xyy/ibfl H3M3/1T eepM/ie/iT, 3acBap opyy/i>K, hyypc 6o/ioh xmmh Heeu,MMr 30XMU,yy/iax o/ioh 3aa/iTyyflbir
TOflOpXOM 6o/irOCOH. KBMMHC/iaHflafl HYYPC 0/l6op/10X /lMU,eH333p HYM 333MLUMX TOflOpXOM X3MHK33HMM
3px flaBxap o/irorflflor 6o/iobm epeHXMMflee HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iTbir 2004 OHbi Hec()Tb 6o/ioh BaMra/iMMH
Xmmh (0/i6op/io/iT 6a Aroy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraa) lumhs xyy/iMap 30XMU,yy/iax 6o/icoh 6a H3r 6ycmmt xaiviapM
6yM yypxaMH /iMU,eH3MMH rspssTSM 33p3ru,3H x3psr>KMX o/i6op/io/iTbiH /iMU,eH3 Luaapflflar (GMI, 2011).
1989 OHbi Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH Xyy/iMap xspsB 1) hyypcmmt 3aM/ii±irYM o/i6op/iox Luaapfl/iaraTaM,
2) yypxaMH a>K/ibiH opMHbi aroy/irYM 6aMfl/ibir xaHrax 3aM/ii±irYM Luaapfl/iaraTaM, 3) hyypc o/i6op/iox yep,
a/iflarfla/i MeTaHbi a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax 3aM/ii±irYM Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o/i hyypchmm yypxaMH /iMU,eH3
333MLUMrM HYM-bir o/i6op/io>K, Y^^AB3p/i3>K, ra,fl,arLiJ/iyy/i>K scbs/i xaarfla/i 6o/iro>K 6o/iho rs>K 3aacaH
6aMflar. Hyypc o/i6op/iox /iMU,eH3 333MLUMTM Hb 39BX9H Tyxamh 6aMp/ia/ifl aLUMr/iax u,axM/iraaH scbs/i
Ay/iaaH YYcrYYPM^H 3opMy/ia/iTaap xmmt yp awMrraMraap aLUMr/ia>K 6o/iho. HYM-bir yypxaMH /iMU,eH3MMH
Ta/i6aMraac ra^Ha 6op/iyy/iax, 60/10 Bcpyy/iax, xyfla/iflaaHbi 3opM/iroop u,axM/iraaH YYcr3X3A aLUMr/iax
3CB3/1 yypxaMraac ra^arm tssbsp/isxmmt xopMr/ioHO. XspsB hyypc o/i6op/iox /iMU,eH3 333MLUMm HYM-bir
6op/iyy/iax 33pr33p yypxaMH x3p3ru,33HMM 6yc 3opMy/ia/iTaap awMr/iaxbir xycbs/i, 2004 OHbi Hec()Tb 6o/ioh
BaMra/iMMH Xmmh (0/i6op/io/iT 6a Aioy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraa) Xyy/iMMH A^ryy ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH3MMH
eprefle/i rapra>K 6o/iho. Tsxflss TyxaMH o/i6op/io/iTbiH Ta/i6aM Hb ofloomMH ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH3MMH
Ta/i6aMTaM flaBxu,axrYM 6aMHa rs>K 3aacaH (1989 OHbi KBMMHC/iaHflbiH Alumit Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH
Xyy/ib, By/isr 8, C18CM, C18CN. XspsB hyypchmm yypxaMH /iMU,eH3 333MLUMm HYM-bir eepMMH
x3p3ru,33Hfl 3opMy/iaH aniMr/iax xycs/irYM 6eree,fl, yr yypxaMH Ta/i6aM Hb ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH3MMH
Ta/i6aMTaM flaBxu,a>K 6aMBa/i, Tyxamh yypxaM ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH3 sssmlumthma xaHflaH HYM 6mm tscsh
M3fl3rfl/lMMr 6MMT33P em 60/lHO. XapMH ra3pblH TOCHbi /lMU,eH3 333MLUMrM Hb TyxaMH M3fl3rfl/lMMr 3>K/lblH
20 xoHorT 6arraaH xy/issh aBHa. 3ha "erex" rsflsr yr Hb Te/i6ep xy/ibbh aBaxryM rscsH yTraTaM iom. XspsB
ra3pblH TOCHbi /lMU,eH3 333MLUMrM XMMT aBaX XYC3/irYM 60/1, yypxaMH /lMU,eH3 333MLUMm Hb ererflCOH
Luaapfl/iaryyflaA hmmu,yy^3h xmmt LuaTaax scbs/i raflarLU/iyy/i>K 6o/iho.
Alumit Ma/rnvia/ibiH Heeu,MMH Xyy/ib HYM-bir LuaTaax 6o/ioh raflaruj/iyy/iaxraM xo/i6ootom
XA3raap/ia/iTyyA TaBMHa. YypxaMH /iMU,eH3MMH A^ryy A33P AYP^Acan yypxaMH x3p3ru,33Hfl HYM-bir YP
awMrraMraap aujMr/iax s^mmh 3acrMMH 6o/iooa tcxhmkmmh 6o/iom>ktom 6aMX scbs/i Tyxamh yypxaM
ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH3 aBaH eep 3opM/iroop aujMr/iax 6o/iom>ktom 6aMX iom 60/1 HYM-bir LuaTaaH ycTrax
Hb xopMOTOM. Xmmt o/i6op/io/iTbiH 3opM/iroop aujMr/iax scbs/i LuaTaaxafl aioy/iTaM 6yioy tcxhmkmmh xyBbfl
x3psr>KYY^3x 6o/ioM>KrYM 60/1 HYM-bir araapT raflaruj/iyy/iaxbir 36BLueepHe. XspsB HYM-bir xy/13m>kmmh
24
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xmm 6yypyy/iax cxeMMMH19 xypbbha aujnr/ia>K 6aMBa/i araapT moh a/irapyy/i>K 6o/iox 6a MHrssrYM
Toxno/iflo/ifl TyxaMH xeTe/i6epnMH wyyA 6a wyyA 6yc awkir Hb yypxaMH /inu,eH3 333MLUkirMA3A 6yypHa.
(1989 OHbi KBMMHC/iaHflbiH Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH Xyy/ib, By/isr 8, C18CO).
Hecjrrb 6o/ioh Bafira/ikmH Xmmh (0/i6op/io/iT 6a Aroy/iryM A>KM/i/iaraa) Xyy/ikiMH 30xnu,yy/iax lumhs >KypaM
M9H Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH Xyy/ibA opyy/icaH eepM/ie/iT, 3acBapyy,fl,bir y/i xapra/i3aH, KBMMHC/iaHA
2016 oha rsxsA O/ioh Hmmtmmh Heeu,MMH Xyy/ib rscsH raHU, xyy/inap My>KMMH ofloornMH TaBaH xyy/ikifir
op/iyy/iax, co/imx 6afip cyypbTaki 6aMHa. Yr xyy/ib a 3eBxeH Tyxa m h Heeu,eA xawiaaTafi Tepe/i 6ypnMH
3aa/iT 6arTax 6a Alumit Ma/iTMa/ibiH Xyy/ib, Hec()Tb 6o/ioh Bafira/ikmH Xmmh Xyy/ib, HecJmiMH Xyy/ib,
Xy/i3M>KMMH Xmm XaAra/ia/iTbiH Xyy/ib, ra3pbiH ryHMM spMMM xymhmm xyy/ib 33prkmr xaMpyy/iHa (Smith 6a
Cansdale, 2013).
Hbio CayT B3hjic
1992 OHbi Yy/i YypxaMH Xyy/ib Hb HCB-t aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/ibiH xafiryy/i AByy/iax yhacbh xyy/ib toitoomhk
6o/i>k erAer. 3hs xyy/ikiMH A^ryy hyypchmm /inu,eH3 333MLUkirM Hb yypxaMH /imj,eH3MMH Ta/i6aMA Hec|>Tb
3CB3/1 xmm o/i6op/iox spxkmr xycsmhkm/ihk epreAQ/i rapraHa. XspsB TyxaMH ra3apT HecJmiMH xafiryy/ibiH
/inu,eH3 o/irorACOH scbs/i HCB-h HecfmiMH xyy/ib 6o/iox 1991 OHbi HecfmiMH Xyy/ikiMH (floTOOAbiH) A^ryy
Hec()Tb o/i6op/iox /inu,eH3 o/irorACOH 6o/i xycsm>km/ic3h epreAQ/i Hflu,aarAa>K 6o/iho (NSW Mining Act of
1992, Part 5, Div 4, Section 78). 3hs xyy/ikiHA /inu,eH3A33 Hec()Tb o/i6op/ioxbir hsm>k opyy/i>K MaAcaH
hyypchmm yypxafi Hb o/i6op/iocoH ra3pbiH tocohaoo aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/i awmviacHbi Te/i6ep Te/iex ecTOM
rs>K 3aacaH (NSW Mining Act of 1992, Part 14, Div 3, Section 286). OAOoroop xyhmhfym 6o/irocoH 1982
OHbi HyyPchmm YypxaMHyyAbiH .DyPmh^h Xyy/ib Hb aHxaHAaa hyypc o/i6op/ioxroM xo/i6ooTOMroop
hyypchmm A^Bxapraac MeTaH o/i6op/ioxbir yypxaMH onepaTopT 30BLueepAer 6akicaH xsamm m YYHkl^
Aapaa rapcaH 2002 OHbi Hyypchmm YypxaMH XeAQ/iwiep Xaiviraa/ia/i, Aroy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraaHbi Xyy/ib
6o/ioh 2006 OHbi Hyypchmm YypxaMH XeAQ/iwiep Xaiviraa/ia/i, Aioy/irYM A>KM/i/iaraaHbi i/],yP3MA shs Ta/iaap
toy m AYPbAaarYM. 1992 OHbi Yy/i YypxaMH Xyy/ib moh 1991 OHbi HecJmiMH Xyy/ib (floTOOAbm) a/ib a/ib Hb
hyypchmm yypxaMH /ikiu,eH333p o/i6op/iocoH ra3pbiH tocoha ohooaot aLumr Ma/iTMa/i awkir/iacHbi
Te/i6ep Hb hyypchmm yypxaMH yfin a>KM/i/iaraaTaM xo/i6ooTOMroop o/i6op/iorACOH MeTaHA xaiviaapaxrYM
rs>K ohu,o/icoh Hb HCB-a HYM Hb aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/i awkir/iacHbi Te/i6epeec Me/iee/ierAQHe tscsh yr. XapnH
HflM-HA Hec()TMMH Xyy/ikiMH A^ryy /inu,eH3 o/iro>K aLUkirr Ma/iTMa/i awkir/iacHbi T0/i6op tottooho. (NSW
Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991, Part 7, Section 85; NSW Mining Act of 1992, Part 14, Div 3, Section 286).
YpaMuij^yjiaji 6a Eo,zyioro
ABCTpa/in y/ic KnoTornMH llpoTOKO/ioop xy/ibbcsh oopkiMH aivi/ia/iTbir 6kie/iYY-fi3X3A A3M>K/i3r \/3\/\/A3X33p
2000 oha Xy/13m>kmmh Xmm Byypyy/iax X0T0/160P (XXBX) x3psr>KYY^>t<, 4 >km/immh Typw 400 can Aba
3apu,yy/icaH. XXBX HYM-biH u,axn/iraaH CTaHU,yyAbir a3m>kmx 3opn/iroop 43.47 can Aba caHXYY>KM/iT
o/irocoH (Karas, 2010; Franklin, 2010).
2012 OHbi 7 capbiH I-hssc 3X/13H, ABCTpa/in y/ic U,3B3p 3pMkiM Xymhmm Xyy/ib 2011-h A^ryy
HYYPCTeperMMMH TaTBapbir x3psr>KYY^>t< sxs/icsh. Yyrsspss >km/ia 25,000 tohhooc m/iyy C02e
19 Xy/13m>kmmh xmm 6yypyy^ax cxeivi rsflsr Hb (a) 1995 OHbi L|axn^raaH XaHraiviwMMH Xyy^MMH (HCB), 8A xscsr; scbs/i
(6) Hmmtmmh Xy/13m>kmmh Xmm Byypyy/iax XeTe^6ep (b) xyy^MHfl 3aacaH xy/13m>kmmh xmm 6yypyy^ax 6ycap,
apryyflbir xs^hs.
25
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a/irapyy/iflar T33B3p, xe^ee a>K axyMH 6yc a>K axyfi H3r>tK 6o/iox 6aMB.
TorTCOH 3H3 yhb Hb 2013-2014 oha 24.15 Aba 6o/i>k ecceH. 3acmMH ra3pbiH 3Yr33c 2014-2015 oha
xy/13m>kmmh xmm xyfla/iflaa/ia/iTbiH yaH xaTaH yh3A lum/ihkmhs xsmssh MSflsrflcsH 6eree,£], o/iror,fl,ox
30BLueepe/i Hb 6oxMp,fl/ibiH A33A xsmhoshmm A^ryy XA3raapTaM 6afix kdm (CER, 2013). A>KM/i/iaraaTaM
HYYPCHkm yypxafiraac a/iflarfla^ 6yfi MeTaHbi xaarfl/ibir flsspx 6oxMp,fl/ibiH xa3raapT 6arTaaH opyy/icaH.
2012 OHbi 8 capfl ABcrpa/iMMH 3acrnMH I~a3ap 6o/ioh EBponbiH Kommcc xy/ibmhkmmh xmm xyfla/iflaa/iax
cxeMYYA33 xo/i6ox 6o,£],o/itom 6aMraaraa MSflarflSB. 2015 OHbi 7 capbiH 1-ha typ 3yypbiH Hsr-Ta/iT
xapn/iu,aa 3x/iyy^3X33P to/iob/iohk, YYr33P ABcrpa/iMMH 30XMX a>K axyfi H3r>tK. Yyhmm 2018 OHbi 7
capbiH 1-33C xoep-Ta/iT 6yp3h xapn/iu,aa ypt3/i>km/ih3 (Australian Government, 2013).
H3M3JIT M3,0,33JI3JI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy1a1 Hb H3M3/1T (viaflaa/ia/i erHe:
AHY-fl HyyPchmm YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/iox Tece/ifl CaHxyYrMMH 60/100,0, 3oxMU,yy/ia/iTbiH YpaMLuyy/ia/i
(xyyflac 14): http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm-financial-regulatory-incentives.pdf
flMC-biH Hyypchmm XopooHbi 18 flaxb xyp/ibiH Ye3P ABcrpa/iMMH Hyypchmm Ca/i6apbiH LUmhs
M3,fl,33/i3/i: https://www.globalmethane.Org/documents/4 Australia-%20Coal%20Subcommittee.pdf
ABCTpa/infl hyypchmm yypxafiraac fl3rfl3>K 6yfi xy/ibmhkmmh xmma aHxaapa/i xaHflyy/iax 3opM/iroTOM
6ofl/ioro, xeTe/i6epYYA (ABcrpa/iMMH 3acmMH ra3ap, Heeu,, 3pMMM Xyh, Aa/ia/i >Kyy/m/ia/ibiH flaivi):
https://www.globalmethane.org/expo-docs/canadal3/coal 01 Murphv.pdf
flMC-fl ABCTpa/lM Y/lCblH M3fl33/13/i:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch2.pdf
3.6. KaHa/i,
KaHafl y/icafl, 1900-aafl OHbi sxsh xypts/i ra3pbir xyfla/ifla>K aBCHaap ra3pbiH 6o/ioh aLumr Ma/iTMa/ibiH
3px Hb xaMT o/irorflflor 6aMB. Yyhssc xomlu, awMrr Ma/iTMa/ibiH spxMMr 3acmMH ra3ap 333mlumx 6o/i>k,
xyBb xyh, KOMnaHkiyfl xyfla/ifla>K aBax 6yc 3eBxeH /inu,eH333p awMr/iax spxT3M 6o/icoh. Yyhmm yp AYhA,
oaoo KaHaflbiH ra3ap hyttmmh 90-c asslumx xyBbfl 6aMraa awMrr Ma/iTMa/ibiH spxMMr xo/i6ooHbi 6o/ioh
My>KMMH 3acrnMH ra3pyyfl 333MLUfl3r.
KaHaflafl, ABcrpa/iM y/icbiH a^n/iaap Heeu, 6afl/iryyflbir opoH hyttmmh 6yroy my>kmmh 3axnpraa Hb
xapnyu,Ha. KaHa^afl oflooroop HYM-biH toc/iyya x3psr>KM>K sx/issrYM 6afiraa m A/i6epTa, EpMTaHMMH
Ko/iyivi6, HoBa Ckotma 33psr My>KyyflaA HflM-biH ywn a>KM/i/iaraa sxs/icsh 6a CacKaTMeBaHfl xmm
aryy/icaH hyypchmm opflyyfl 6mm. Masbxtsm rypBaH my>kma 6Yrfl3A Hb HflM-bir ra3pbiH TOCHbi /iMU,eH333p
30XMU,yy/iflar.
A/i6epTa
A/i6epTafl aniMTT Ma/iTMa/i, Hec()TMMH 6yx /iMU,eH3MMr Yy/i YypxaM, Alumtt Ma/rnvia/ibiH Xyy/iMap (WAMX)
30XMU,yy/iHa (Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000, Chapter M-17).
26
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1991 oha A/i6epTarnMH SpMmvi Xymhmm Xopoo moh A/i6epTarnMH 3pMMM Xymhmm Xs/rrec xaivrrapM HflM-
biH Ta/iaapx xaivrrapcaH msass/i/immh a/i6aH 6kmnr 6yroy IL-91-11-r xsb/ish rapracaH. IL 91-11-t HflM 60/1
6aMra/ikiMH xmmh H3r x3/i63p 6eree,£], WAMX-biH A^ryy 6aMra/iMMH xmm 6o/ioh hyypcmmt ca/iaHrnfl
H3r,fl,3/iYYA rs>K Y33H, Tycafl Hb /inu,eH3 o/iroHO rs>K 3aacaH 6aMHa. Bafira/ikmH xmm Hb hyyPchmm flaBxapra
33psr AH3 6ypmmh pe3epByap My/iyy/iarr toxmo/iaok 6o/iho. 2003 oha A/i6epTarnMH 3acrnMH Ta3ap
WAMX-a 3acBap opyy/i>K, 3acrnMH ra3pbiH 333mlu/immh ra3ap (3acrnMH 333mlu/immh) flop 6yfi HflM-r
TycraM/iaH aBM yscsh. WAMX-a hsm>k opcoH 67-p 6Y/irnMH (1)-t " 3acrnMH 333MLUM/i,fl, 6yfi hyypcbha,
3aacaH Hexu,e/i, 6o/i3/iyy,£],a1£], hmmu,yy^3h hyypchmm /inu,eH3 o/irox 6o/iobm (2) 6Y/irnMH A^ryy HflM
33psr 6aMra/ikiMH a/ikiBaa xmmha yr /inu,eH3 xaiviaapaxrYM" raw 3aacaH. Hyypc, 6aMra/iMMH xmmtsm
xo/i6ootom 333MLU/1MMH acyyfl/iyya xyBMMH gmmmt raspyyAafl rapcaap 6aMcaH. A/i6epTarnMH 3acrnMH
Ta3ap 2010 OHbi 12 capbiH 2-ha 26-p Xyy/ikiMH Tece/i-kmr xyy/ibMki/icaH 6eree,£], yr xyy/ib Hb WAMX-a
10.1-p 3aa/iTbir hsmhk opyy/icaH 6eree,fl, YYHA HflM "60/1 6yx u,ar yep, 6aMra/iMMH xmm 6aficaap kipcsH,
6afix 6o/iho rsflrnMr YYr33P TyHxar/iaB" rsHos (Salmon 6a Wong, 2011).
Heree Ta/iaap 67-p By/itmmh (2)-t "Aroy/irYM 6aM,fl/ibir xaHrax scbs/i 6afira/ib xaMraa/iax 3aM/nurYM
3opn/iroop A/i6epTarnMH 3pMMM Xymhmm 3oxnu,yy/iax XopooHbi caHa/i 6o/irocHbi A^ryy Cav\f\ hyyPchmm
/imj,eH3kiMH 6yc asx hyypchmm flaBxaprbiH MeTaH 33psr 6aMra/ikiMH xmm o/i6op/iox spxkmr hyyPchmm
/inu,eH3 333MLiinrLiM1£], o/iro>K 6o/iox kdm" t3>k 3aa>K33 (2000 OHbi A/i6epTarnMH LLImh3mm/ic3h Toitoomhk,
By/isr M-17, Xscsr 67(2)).
BpHTaHHHH KOJiyM6
2003 oha BpnTaHkiMH Ko/iyM6 HyyPchmm flaBxaprbiH Xmmh Xyy/ib 6aTa/i>K, YYHA33 HflM 60/1 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh spxukir 333MLUkirM Ta/ibm MSfls/iA 6aMHa rs>K 3aacaH 6aMHa (Woodside, 2011; BC Coalbed Gas Act,
2003). BpnTaHkiMH Ko/iyivi6kmH 3pMMM Xyh, Yy/i YypxaMH flaM (3XWfl) rapvua 05-02: 3ap32H3H Opuuux
Hyypc, Hetpmb, BauzanuuH Xuuh Spxuuz 3oxuu,yynax Hb rscsH a/i6aH 6kmnr rapraw, YYr33P33 hyypc
6o/ioh HflM-biH /inu,eH3 (333mlum/i) flaBxapflax 3epM/ikiMr 6yypyy/iax, 30xnu,yy/ia/iT xmmx 6o,fl/iorbir
Tycra>K33. Yr 6o,q/ioroA lumhs 333mlum/i o/irox YeA33 oaoothmh 33p3ru,3H 6akiraa hyypc, HflM-H
sssMLUkirMflSfl 3H3 TyxaM Msflsrflsx 6eree,fl, MHrscHssp tsa YYA3H rapM 6o/iox 3epM/ikiMr aHxaapax,
xakiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iTbiH Te/ieB/ieree raprax 6o/iom>ktom 6o/iho. XyBkiMH 333mlu/immh aLumr Ma/iTMa/iaac
3X/133A xakiryy/i 6o/ioh 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/iTbiH 6yx 30xnu,yy/ia/iTbiH 39BLueepe/i aBax 6eree,£],
HYYPC3HA 3XWJ1-aac, HflM-fl Hec()Tb 6a Xmmh Kommccooc (HXK) aBHa. Hyypc, Hec()Tb, 6aMra/ikiMH xmmh
YM/i a>Kki/i/iaraaH,£], 30BLueepe/i xycm, epre,fl,e/i rapraxbiH omho, epre,£],e/i raprarM Hb 33p3ru,3H oprnux
spxT3M 6ycaa 333MLUkirM 6akiraa scsxmmt caMTap /iaB/ia>K, cy,fl,a/icaH 6akix ecTOM. XspsB 33p3ru,3H oprnux
HYYPC 3CB3/1 HflM-blH 3PXT3M 00p 333MLUMTM 6aMBa/l, Ta/iyy,£], 30XMX apraap X3/13/lU,33p XMM>K, eep
xoopoHfloo hmmu,3m>kt3m 6aM,fl,/iaap Heeu,e,£], xafiryy/i xmmx, o/i6op/io/iT, Y^-^ABsp/is/i flByy/iax
xeTe/i6epee toxmpo/iu,oho. XapnH Ta/iyyfl xaMTpaH a>Kki/i/iax x0T0/i6op 6o/ioBcpyy/i>K MaflaxrYM 6yroy
30PM/1MMT LLIMM1£],3>K 3C HaflBa/1, 3XWJ1 60/lOH HXK-OOC TOMM/lOrflCOH TypBaH rMLUYYHTSM KOMMCC H00U.MMH
6o/ioBcpyy/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom acyy,fl,a/i, 6apnMTyy,£],a1£], LUMH>KM/ir33 xmm>k, lummabsphmt 30xmx lummabsp
raprarM 6yroy HflM-biH aujur/ia/iT xapnyu,caH HXK-h Toc/immh YH3/ir33Hkl^ ca/i6apbiH A^pra 6o/ioh
hyyPchmm 30BLueepe/i xapnyu,caH 3XWJ1-Hbi yypxaMH ax/iax 6aMU,aarM HapT TaHki/iu,yy/iHa (BC MEM,
2005).
Hoea Ckothh
HoBa Ckotmaa hyypchmm /imj,eH3MMr 1990 OHbi Alumtt Ma/iTMa/ibiH H00u,mmh Xyy/inap 30xnu,yy/iHa.
Hec()Tb 6yroy ra3pbiH toc, 6aMra/iMMH xmm, HflM 6yroy hyypchmm xmmh rspssHYYAH^r 1989 OHbi Hec()TMMH
H00u,mmh Xyy/inap 30xnu,yy/iHa.
27
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HoBa Ckotmaa "hyyPchmm xmm" rsflrMMr 1989 OHbi HecJmiMH Heeu,MMH Xyy/ibfl flypflaxflaa HyypcHuu
yeydad 6o/ioh xon6ozdox daexapayydad dauzanuun xanfopssp moxuondox MemaH 6ezeed MemaH
on6opnox apaaap o/i6op/ioM 6onox MemaH rsHos. TyxaMH H3r Ta/i6aMH oaootmmh /iMU,eH3MMH
Toxno/iflo/ifl, 3acrnMH ra3ap hyyPchmm xmmh rspss 6aMryy/iaxbiH eMHe OMpo/iu,oox Ta/i6aMH 6yca,fl, 6yx
spx20 333MLiinrLi1£],31£], 3H3 Tyxafi Msflsrflsx 6eree,£], kiHrscHssp caHa/i 6o/iro>K 6yn hyypchmm xmmh rspss
xuMxaflTSA eepcflkiMH caHa/i 6o,fl/ioo H3M3p/i3x 6o/iom>ktom 6o/iho. Hec})Tb, awMrr Ma/iTMa/ibiH Heeu,MMH
Tec/ieec o/ioh hmmtsa xaivirMMH mx arnur rye xyptssxmmh Ty/ifl 3acmMH ra3ap a/iMBaa Hec()Tb, spA3c, xmmh
/imj,eH33,£], 60/130/1, Hexu,e/i H3M3X, eepn/iex, xacax 6o/iom>ktom ( Nova Scotia Petroleum Resources
Act.R.S., c. 342, s. 17).
3h3xyy xyy/ib Hb hyypc o/i6op/ioxtom xo/i6ooTOMroop 3acmMH ra3paac 6kmr33p o/irocoH
30BLueepe/irYMr33p hyypchmm yypxaMH onepaTopyyfl hyypchmm aiviap H3r xmmt xaar,£],a/i 6o/iroH xaaxbir
xopur/ioHO. 3acrnMH ra3pbiH yr 30BLueepe/i Hb moh 6aMra/ib xaiviraa/ia/i, xmm aujur/ia/nraM
xo/i6ooTOMroop aiviap H3r Hexu,e/i 33psr xaBcpa/iT opyy/i>K 6o/iho (Nova Scotia Petroleum Resources Act.
R.S., c. 342, s. 18).
YpaMuij^yjiajiyyA 6a Eo,zyioro
2007 OHbi 7 capbiH 1-hmm 6aM,fl/iaap A/i6epTa My>K A/i6epTamMH Xy/ibmhkmmh Xmmt Eyypyy/iax
xeTe/i6epnMH xypbbha wm/ia 100,000 tohhooc m/iyy xsmhoshmm xy/ibmhkmmh xmm a/irapyy/iflar
6aMryy/iaM>Kyy1£],bir xaarfl/iaa 12 xyBkiap 6yypyy/iaxbir LuaapAqar. Yyhmm Ty/ifl 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl, y^
a>Kki/i/iaraaraa asslu/iyy-^x roiviyy A/i6epTamMH hoxoh Te/i6epMMH KpeflMT xyfla/iflaH aBax, U,ar YypbiH
0epM/ie/iT, Xy/13m>kmmh Xmmh 3oxMU,yy/irbiH CaH-flxyBb H3M3p opyy/iax, Xy/ibmhkmmh Xmmh rYMU,3Tr3/iMMH
KpeflkiT (XXrK) 33prnMr xyfla/iflaH aBax xspsrreM 6o/iho. XXrK Hb Luaapflarflax 12 xyBMMH 6yypa/iTbiH
3pM33c m/iyy 6yypyy/icaH 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl,aac 6mm 6o/i,fl,or. U,ar YypbiH 0epM/ie/iT, Xy/ibm>kmmh Xmmh
3oxMU,yy/irbiH CaH-fl Te/ier,£],ceH Te/i6ep Hb A/i6epTa My>KbiH xy/ibm>kmmh xmmh a/irapa/iTbir 6yypyy/iax
Tece/i, TexHO/iorMfl xepeHre opyy/ia/iT 6o/i>k 3apu,yy/iar,£],aHa. (Government of Alberta, 2013).
EpMTaHMMH Ko/iyM6 2008 OHbi 5 capfl Hyypctopotmmmh TaTBapbiH Xyy/ib 6aTa/icaH. Yr xyy/iMap
xy/13m>kmmh xmmh fl/irapa/rrafl yh3 TorToocoH Hb xaar,fl,a/i 6ara raprax mpssay^tsm lummabspyya rapaxafl
TY/1X3U, 6o/i,fl,or. EpMTaHMMH Ko/iyM6 2008 OHbi 7 capbiH 1-ha HYYPCTepemMMH TaTBapbir ye LuarraMraap
H3M3r,£],YY-fl>t< 3X3/1C3H. Yr TaTBapbir aHX 2008 OHfl 3BM 3X/13X3,£], H3r TOHH HYYPCTeperMMMH flaBXap MC/1MMH
3KBMBa/ieHT (C02e) TyTaMfl 10 Kafl 6aMcaH. 2012 OHbir xypts/i wm/ia 5 Kafl-p ecceep tohh TyTaMfl 30 Kafl
6o/icoh 6eree,£], 5 >km/i shs yhs Hb xefl/iexrYM 6aMxaap Te/ieB/ieceH (Elgie 6a McClay, 2013). Yr TaTBap Hb
EpMTaHMMH Ko/iym6mmh xy/13m>kmmh xmmh a/irapa/iTbiH 70 xyBMMr xaMapHa rs>K toou,coh xspy\v\ m
"HapMMH x3m>kmh tottoox 6o/ioM>KrYM" T3,£],3r Lua/iTraaHaap yypxaMraac xaarflaH a/irapflar HYM 33psr
6aMra/iMMH xmm shs TaTBapT opflorrYM.
H3M3JIT M3,3,33iI3iI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy1a1 Hb H3M3/1T (viaflaa/ia/i erHe:
flMC flaxb KaHafl Y/icbiH M3,fl,33/i3/i:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview ch6.pdf
20 Het()TMMH Xyy^b, Aiumr Ma^Tivia^biH HeeL^MMH Xyy^b (hyypc rax mst) m0h/3cb3/i Xmmh Xaflra^a^TbiH Xawryy^biH
Xyy^nap 36BiueeperflceH spx
28
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~.7. TepMaH
TepMaHfl xo/i6ooHbi tyblumha 6aTa/icaH xyy/ikiMH xypsshmm A^ryy Xo/i6ooHbi Yy/i YypxaMH I~a3ap HYM-
biH xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT, 6o/ioBcpyy/ia/nraM xo/i6ootom acyyfl/iyyflbir xapnyu,Ha. HYM-biH 333mlu/immh
spxukir hyypchmm yypxaMH /inu,eH3 Yprs/iw/isx xyrau,aaraap hyypc o/i6op/iom KOMnaHkifl lum/imkyy^w,
YYHmm flapaa 30 hkm/immh xyrau,aaH,£], HYM-bir o/i6op/iox, aujur/iaxafl 3opny/icaH xmmh /inu,eH3
LuaapflarflaHa (USEPA, 2010). 0pre,fl,e/i rapram Hb "xaHra/nraM Te/ieB/ieceH y^ a>KM/i/iaraa 6o/ioh
MeTaHbi o/i6op/io/iTbir a>K/ibiH 30xmx apra, Tepe/i, 3opny/ia/iTbiH A^ryy 30BLueeper,£],ex u,ar xyrau,aaH,fl,
6arTaa>K AByy/iHa" rs^rss m/i toa TycracaH awkir/ia/iTbiH xeTe/i6epkmr n/irsscHMM flapaa Xo/i6ooHbi Yy/i
YypxaMH Ta3ap /inu,eH3 xyccsh eprefl/ikmr aBM yshb. XspsB xaHra/nraM Heeu, 6o/io/iu,oo, caHXYYrnMH
63/13H 6awp,aj\, caHa/i 6o/irocoH o/i6op/io/iTbiH TexHO/iornMH xspsrwHX yhasc/ib/i 33psr Hb ererflceH u,ar
xyrau,aa, o/ioh hmmtmmh awkir coHkipxo/iA Hkmu,3xrYM raw ysbb/i /inu,eH3kmr o/iroxooc TaTra/i3a>K,
xoMLU/iyy/i>K 6o/iho. (World Bank, 2007).
YpaMuij^yjiaji 6a Eo,zyioro
TepMaHfl HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iT, awkir/ia/iTbiH toc/iyyA3A 3opny/icaH ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH yhacbh 6o,fl,/ioro Hb
2004 OHbi HexeH CsprssrAsx SpMmvi Xymhmm 3x Yycbspmmh Xyy/ikiMH (HC3X3YA) A^ryy spMMM xym
YYcrsxafl aujur/iarflax HYM-r hoxoh csprssrAsx spMMM xyhhmm TapkicJjaap asivijkmx kdm. HC3X3YA
~,axn/iraaH LuyraM cy/ixoshmm onepaTopyyflbir eepcflkiMH cucTeMss hyypchmm yypxaMH xkmrssp spMMM
xyh Y^^ABsp/iBAsr CTaHU,yy,£],TaM xo/i6ox Luaapfl/iara TaBb>K, mmm CTaHU,yy,£],aac u,axn/iraaH ,fl,aM>Kyy/iax,
xyfla/iflaH aBaxafl m/iyy xo/i6orflo/i ei^Y-™3- HC3X3YA Hb 20 hkm/immh Typw hoxoh csprssrAsx spMMM
xymhmm 6aTa/iraaT Tapucf) o/irox 6yroy yypxaMH xkmrssp Y^^AB3p/i3C3H u,axn/iraaH,£], to/icoh xypaaMHKkmr
o/iroHO (USEPA, 2011).
H3M3JIT M3,0,33JI3JI
flapaax xo/i6oocyy1a1 Hb H3M3/1T (viaflaa/ia/i erHe:
AHY-h HyyPchmm YypxaMH MeTaH 0/i6op/iox Tece/ifl CaHXYY 6o/ioh 3oxnu,yy/ia/iTbiH YpaMLuyy/ia/i
(xyyflac 15): http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/cmm-financial-regulatorv-incentives.pdf
TepMaHbi Xyy/ib TorTOOM>K flaxb Hoxoh CsprssrAsx 6o/ioh Hyypchmm YypxaMH MeTaH: YKpaMHA
3eB/10M>K
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/Backhaus CMM-Utilisation Germany eng.pdf
flMC flaxb TepMaH Y/icbiH M3,0,33/13/1:
https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres coal overview chl4.pdf
29
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3.8. Ojioh Yjic /i,axb HYM-wh 333MIIIJIYYA 6a EoflJioryy/i,
Xych3tt4: TyHiiJ/iam OpHyyA flaxb HYM-h 933mujm/it, BoA/iorbiH XypaaHryft
yjic
HYM 333MUIHJI
HYM Eo/yioro/ypaMmyyjiJiyy,fl,
ahy
BapyyH xscrssp xo/i6ooHbi 333mujm/i 30hxm/iho;
3YYH X3C3TT XyBMMH
HyYPCSHfl aryy^arflflarryM
X3flMM H IBLA-MMH UJMMflBSpSSp HYYPCHMM
/ini4eH3 333MLUMrH xspsB xycbs/i HYM aiunma>K
6o/iho
HYM-bm a/irapa/i Hb 30XMLjyy/ia/iTaap
xfl3raap^arflaxrYM; tsbh xy/ismwmmh xmmh
Taft/iaH rapraxbir waapflflar 6a 3apmvi
TOXMO/iflo/ifl 30Biueepe/i xspsrrsfi; xy/ismwmmh
xmm 6yypyy/iax xeTe/i6epT caMH flypaapaa
opo/ii40>K 6o/ioxooc raflHa xy/ismwmmh xmmh
fl33fl xfl3raap, tyyhmmt xyfla/iflaa/iax Ka/int|)opH
iviywy/icbiH 3aM/iiurYM iviepflex xeTe/i6epT
OpO^L^OHO; X3fl X3fl3H My>K y/1 Cbl H 6ai"LJblH
craHflapTafl HYM-bir a/ibTepHaTMB spnmvi
xyhhmm 3x yycb3P 6o/iro>K opyy/icaH
XaTa/i,
Y/icwh 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
Hyypc 6a HflM-fl Tycafl Hb /iMLjeH3 o/iroflor,
M6H XaMTafl Hb H 60/IHO; M/l 0/l6op/10/lTblH
eiviHe HflM copyy/iaxafl /iMLjeH3 (Het()Tb 6o/ioh
6afira/iMMH xmm rs>K 30Xkmyy/ia/iT xmmcsh)
xspsrTSM; VAM-h H6X6H csprss/iT, yypxafi-flOTop
luaBxcaH, xoocoh ny/iyy/iraac luaBxcaH HYM -p,
HflM-bm /ini4eH3 ujaapfl^araryM
Copyy/icaH HYM-h 30%-c m/iyY1" aiumviax loiviyy
luaTaax ecTofi; HYM aiumviaxafl Ky6 MeTpT0.2
loaHMMH TaTaac erfler 60/1 HflM/HYM-p
a>KM/i/iaflar LjaxM/iraaH craHLjafl 0.25
KiaHb/KBT.L^ TaTaac o/iroflor; xafiryy/ibiH 6o/ioh
/ini4eH3MMH xypaawiwaac ne/iee/iHe, tohot
Texeepeivi>Kfl33p H0AT-aac ne/iee/iHe
MeKCHK
Y/icwh 333MiuM^fl 6afiflar
Hyypchmm yypxafir rspssrssp aujumarn
(KOHL^eccnoHep) Hb HflM/HYM o/i6op/io>K
Tyxamh ra3apTaa xspsmsx (on-site) loiviyy scbs/i
3acrMMH ra3pblH 333MUJ/1MMH XMMH KOMnaHMfl
xmm 6op/iyy/iaxbir 36BiueepHe
2014 OHOOC 3X/13H Het()T3Hfl HYYPCXYH/IMMH XMMH
TaTBap OHorflyy/iHa rs>KY33>K6aMraa.
MeKCMKMMH 30xmoh 6afiryy/icaH L|XM
Tec^YYflM^H XBB Hb TaTBapaac 3afi/icxnMX3fl
aujnmarfla>K 6o/i30iurYM.
ynpaHH
LUmhs yypxaMHyyflafl HYM-h /ini4eH3MMr
3acrnMH ra3paac erex 6o/iom>ktom; Ofloo
6afiraa yypxaMHyyfl HYM-h xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT
flByy/iax 30Biueepe/i aBax luaapfl/iaraTafi;
YypxaMHyyfl eepcflMMH HYM o/i6op/iox spxss
3ap>K 6o/iho
HYM-bm Tec/iMMH op/iorooc TaTBap aBaxrYM;
YypxaMHyyfl HYM-bm a/irapa/iTafl xn3raap TaBnx
ujaapfl/iaraTaw; CanxHbi TaTBapbiH xyy^MMH
eepn^e^Teep y/iaivi>K/ia/iT 6yc xmm, Tyxaw^6a^
HYM Y^/iABsp/isxsfl TaTBap Hoorflyy/icaH Hb
HYM Tec/iMMr sflMMH 3acrnMH aiunrrYM
6o^tocoh
30
-------
ync
HYM 333MUIHJI
HYM Bo/i,Jioro/ypaMmyyjiJiyy/i,
ABCTpailH
TepuMH 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
KBMMHC^aHfl: YypxaMHyyfl HYM-birTyxafiH
ra3apTaa aiumviaxbir 3eBiueepHe, TyxaMH
ra3paac raflyypx 6op/iyy/ia/iTafl HecfjTMMH
/iMLjeH3 ujaapfl/iaraTaw
Hbio CayT Bsm/ic: TyxaMH Ta/i6afiH Hb hec()TMmh
/lMLjeH33fl a/lb XSflMMH OpOOryM 6o/l HYYPCHMM
/lM14eH3 333MLUW"H Hb yypxaMH /lM14eH33fl Hec()Tb
3CB3/1 6afira/iMMH xmm opyy/iw erexnwr xyccsH
eprefle/i rapraw 6o/iho
KBMMHC^aHfl: HYM-bir xyfla^flaaHbi scbs/i
TexHMKMMH apraap aiumviax 6o/iom>ktom
6afixafl HYM-bir luaTaaxbirxopumoHO
Hbio CayT Bsm/ic: Hyypchmm o/i6op/io/ittom
xo/i6ooTofiroop raprawaBcaH ivieTaHbir
/ini4eH3MMH Te/i6epeec ne/iee/iHe (Het()TMMH
Xyy/ib-p /ini4eH3/i3rflC3H HflM-fl /ini4eH3MMH
Te/i6ep Te/iHe)
HYYPCTepemMMH TaTBap Hb >kn/ifl 25 000
tohhooc m/iyY C02e n/irapyy/iflar (tssbsp,
xeflee aw axyfi) 6afiryy/i/iarbir HYYPCTepemMMH
xaarfla/i raprax 3eBiueep/iee 6yL^aaH erexnwr
luaapflflar. 3hs TaTBap Hb yypxafiraac a/irapflar
xmmh xaarfla/ifl wish xaiviaaTafi
KaHa/i,
AlUMIT Ma/lTMa/lblH ~90% Hb X0/l600Hbl
333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa, 6ycmmh xsmhosha
30XMLjyy/ia/iT xmmhs
A/i6epTa: Hyypchmm /imjeH3 333iviiuMrH Hb
aioy/irYM 6aMfl/ibiH YYflH33C loiviyy 6afira/ib
xaiviraa/iax waapfl/iaraap 60/1 3acmMH ra3paac
3eBiueepe/i aBH HYM-r o/i6op/io>K 6o/iho; sc
6ereec HYM/HflM-r 6afira/iMMH xmm rs>K Y3H3
EpmaHMMH Ko/iyivi6: Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-bm
333MUJ/1YYA flaBxapfla>K 6o/iho; 3acmMH ra3ap
3epK/ibiH 3aaBap
6o/ioBcpyy/icaH
HoBa CKOTna: Hyypc 6o/ioh HflM-bm
/imjeH3YYA flaBxapflax wiarafl/ia/iTafi; 3acmMH
ra3ap flaBxapflcaH spx o/iroxbiH eiviHe ofloornMH
3pX 333MUJMrHfl3fl M3fl3rfl3X 6a aiUMIT
Ma/iTMa/ibiH o/i6op/io/iTbir cafiwpyy/iaxbiH Ty/ifl
ofloornMH /ini4eH3MMr eepn/iex 6o/iom>ktom
A/i6epTa: 2007 OHbi 7-p capbiH 1-hmm 6aMfl/iaap,
>Kn/ifl 100,000 tohh C02e a/irapyy/iflar aw axyfi
H3r>KYYflHMr xy/13m>kmmh xmmh xaarfl/iaa 12
xyBnap 6yypyy/iaxbir Xy/ismwmmh Xmm
Eyypyy/iax XeTe/i6ep waapflcaH
BpnTaHMMH Ko/iyivi6: HYYPCTeperHMMH TaTBapT
HYM xaiviaapaxrYM
TepMaH
Xo/i6ooHbi 333MiuM^fl xaiviaapHa
3acrnMH Ta3ap hyypc o/i6op/iox /iMLjeH3 Hb
flyyciviarLj 6afira/iMMH xmmh /iMLjeH3 o/irox
COHrO/lTTOMrOOp HYYPCHMM /lM14eH3MMH
Yprs/iw/isx xyraL^aaraap hyypchmm KoivinaHMfl
HYM-blH SpXMMf UJM/1>KYY1H3
2004 OHbi HexeH Csprssrflsx 3pHmvi Xyhhmm 3x
Yycbspmmh Xyy/immh Aaryy uaxn^raaH YYcr3X3fl
aiunmacaH HYM-bm Tapntfjbir yhstym 6o/irocoH
31
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4. MoHrojibiH Xyyjib TorrooivnKHHH 6yioy 3oxHU,yynajiTbiH EojioMHcyya,:
HyyPCT3h Xoji6ootoh MeTaHbi Heeu, EojioBcpyynajiTbir Xhhhx,
/1,3M}khx31zi, 3opny^ar,zi,caH
2-p xacarT TaM/i6ap/iacHbi A^ryy, Mohto/i y/ic oflooroop Alumit Ma/iTMa/ibiH 6o/ioh Ta3pbiH TOCHbi
xyy/iMyflbir a/ib a/iMHbir Hb lumh3m/13>k 6aMraa. Mgh ofloomMH 6aM,fl/iaap Wfl-Hbi HecJmiMH Xspsr 3px/i3x
Ta3ap, 3pMMM Xyhhmm flaM (3Xfl) a/ib a/ib Hb HYM, HflM-biH 39BLueepe/i, /iMU,eH3T3M xo/i6ootom
acyyfl/ibir xapnyu,Ha rsflsr. Mohto/i Ta/ibiH a/i6aH Tywaa/iTHyyA, yypxafi, moh 6yca,fl, 6aMryy/i/iaryy,fl,
Mohto/ia HYM toc/iyyahmt x3psr>KYY^3X3A A3M>K/i3r \/3\/\/A3x, xeHreBM/iexefl Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6o,fl,/ioro
6o/ioBcpyy/iaxa,fl, xspsirsM yyAhbbc as/ixmm flaxMHbi HYM-Hbi xyy/iMMH 60/100,0, 30XMU,yy/ia/iTbiH Ta/iaap
coHkipxo>K 6yMraa M/ispxMM/icsH.
floop flypflarflax xscrYYASA 333mlu/immh MapraaH yyc3X33C csprMM/isx, Tece/i rYMU^Trsm HapT 6o/130lui"ym
xyy/ikiMH spcfl/iYYAH^r 6yypyy/iax moh HYM-biH o/i6op/io/iTbir asmhkmx xyy/ib, 6ofl/ioro 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxafl
aBM Y33X acyyfl/iyyfl, 6o/iom>kmt coHro/rryyflbir x3/i3/iu,3H3. Sflrssp coHro/rryyflbir HYM o/i6op/io>K 6yfi
ro/i opHyyflafl aM>Kki/iTTaM xspsrwcsH xyy/ib 6o/ioh 6ofl/ioryyflaA yhA3c/13b.
4.1. 333MIHJIHHH EOJIOMJKyy/l,
HflM/HYM-biH 333MLU/1MMH Ta/iaapx TOflopxoM 6yc 6aMfla/i, AYTyy TOflopxoM/iorflcoH 6aMra/iMMH xmm
0MM/10/1MMH 3pX M0H 30BLUeep0/l aBaX Y^-fl ABU, 33p3r Hb MX3HX X0r>KC0H OpHyyflafl 6aMI"a/lMMH XMM
awMr/iax toc/immt (USEPA, 2009c) xyhaps/itsm 6o/iroflor. O/ioh y/icbiH 6opy\i cyfla/iraaHaac xapBa/i,
HflM/HYM-biH 333MLU/1MMH TOflopxoM AYP3M 6aMxrYMi"33c, a/iaHryaa hyypc 6o/ioh 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
/inu,eH3 flaBxapfla>K 6aMraaraac YYA3H rapax 3©pMM/i MapraaH o/ioh 6aMflar 6aMHa. XflTaflbiH >KkiHMeHfl
YYCC3H 30pMM/ifl00HMMr LLiMMfl3X3fl o/ioh >km/i 6o/i>k MaraflrYM.
HYM T0C0/1 x3psr>KYY^3X3A hyypchmm yypxaMH opo/iu,oo Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6aMflraac ra^Ha hyypchmm
yypxaMHyyfl m mmm toc/immt mxsbm/ish aHX caHaaMki/iflar ynup HYM xafiryy/i, Tece/i 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxafl
YKpaMH, TepMaH 33psr y/icyyflbiH afln/i hyypchmm yypxaMHyyflafl hsh T3prYYHkl^ xo/i6orflo/i erex Hb
333MLU/1MMH acyy,fl/ibir LUkiMflsx xaMTMMH Luy/iyyH apra kdm. HYM-bir awMr/ia/iTbir asmhkmx u,aaLUAbiH
a/ixaM Hb hyyPchmm opflofl ererflceH TOflopxoM xyrau,aaHbi flapaaraap hyypchmm yypxafir rYH3rnMpYY^>t<
xafiryy/i, o/i6op/io/iT AByy/iax 6o/iom>ktom HYM-brn 30BLueepe/i o/irox ABfla/i kdm.
4.2. EoflJiorbiH EojiOMHcyy/i,
HYM-brn o/i6op/io/iT, aujur/ia/iTbir asmhkmx 6ofl/iorbiH o/ioh 60/10MwyyA 6mm. Alumtt Ma/iTMa/i
aLUMr/iacHbi t0/i6©pmmh xeHre/ie/iT, csprssrAsx spMMM xymhmm TapMt}), TaTBapbiH ypaMLuyy/ia/i 33psr
caHXYYrMMH xsfl xsash 6ofl/ioro aM>KM/nraM x3psr>KM>K MpcsH 6aMxafl TaTBapbiH 3epMM/iT3M 6ofl/ioro
TyxaM/i6a/i YKpaMHfl ep^MMH 6yc xmmha Hoorflyy/icaH caaxHbi TaTBap Hb HYM toc/immt s^mmh 3acrMMH YP
awMiTYM 6o/iroflor. HYM 33psr a/ibTepHaTMB ax YYCB3P 6o/i>k epre>KAer csprssrAsx spMMM xymhmm
6aru,biH CTaHflapT Hb HYM cyypbTaM spMMM xymmmt H3M3rflYY/13X3A YP ereewee erM 6aMHa.
Bofl/ioro 6o/ioBcpyy/iaxafl aHxaapax Myxa/i xscsr Hb aroy/irYM 6aMfl/ibiH 30XMU,yy/ia/iTyyflaA TsprYYH
33prMMH an xo/i6orflo/i erM, aroy/iTaM y^-^ a>KM/i/iaraar yry^ 6o/iroxofl xaHa/iT TaBMX ABfla/i kdm. HYM
o/i6op/io>K, aLUMr/iaxafl xaparTSM 6ofl/ioroA a/iaHryaa KOHU,eHTpau,biH TOflopxoM ererflceH xa3raap 3aax
Hb TyxaM/i6a/i XflTaflafl 30 xyBMac asslu MeTaHbi KOHU,eHTpau,TaM, flpeHa>K CMCTeMTSM HYM-biH
onepaTopbir MeTaHaa auiMr/iax KDMyy LuaTaaxbir Luaapflflar Hb mmm onepaTopyyflbir npaKTMkt
Lua/irapcaH apra, aioy/irYMH CTaHflapTyyflbir yMapTaH xmmh KOHU,eHTpau,aa LUMHr3/i>K 30 xyBMac aoolu
tyblumha 6apMxafl XYprs>K 6o/i30LurYM.
32
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CaHxyY™HH ypamuiyyj\j\yyj\
Auiuzm Ma/imMa/i Auiuz/iacHbi Teji6ep
OfloornMH 6aM,fl/iaap Mohto/i y/ic mxshx hyyPcbb m/i yypxaMHyyflaac o/i6op/io>K 6aMraa xspy\v\ m
n/i yypxaMH Heeu, ryHA33 y/iA3>k 3U,3CT33 a^A yypxafiraac Heeu,ee o/i6op/iox 6o/iho. YypxaMH
araap flaxb MeTaHbi xypmvnvia/i 33psr acyyA/iyyAafl aroy/iryM a>KM/i/iaraaHbi 30XMU,yy/ia/iT xmmxssc raflHa,
m/iyy aroy/irYMrssp HYM-bir o/i6op/iox npaKTMK 60/10 MwyyAbir 6mm 60/iroxoA ,£],3M>K/i3r y3YY^x
Luaapfl/iaraTaM 6aMHa. 0/i6op/io/iT AByy/i>K 6yM flaBxaprbiH xmmt 6aracrax u,opbiH raHU, apra Hb
ypbflMM/iaH copyy/iax 6eree,£], xspBss TyxaMH flaBxapra Hb xy/ibmhkmmh xmmh ro/i ax YYCB3P 60/1 3H3 Hb
Myxa/i kdm. LLIaBxa/iTbir o/i6op/io/iTbiH omho XMMflsr yMMp xmm xypMMT/iyy/iax CMcreMfl ra3pbiH xefle/ireeH
caafl 6o/ioxrYM 6aMX Ta/rraM 6a, xspsB Hexu,e/i Hb 6ypabb/i mxsbm/ish xapbu,aHryM eHflep 33p3iT3M xmmt
o/i6op/iox 6o/iom>ktom 6aM,fl,ar. 60 xyBb 6o/ioh tyyhssc asslu MeTaHbi KOHU,eHTpau,bir hyypc
o/i6op/io/iTooc 9MH9X LuaBxa/iTbiH apryyfl aLUMr/iaH rapraH aBM 6o/iox 6a MHrscHssp Tscpsx xa3raapaac
xaiviaarYM xo/i xmmt rapraH aBHa (UNECE, 2010). Hyypc o/i6op/io/iTooc omho xmm LuaBxax 3H3 aprbir
XMMrYM>KYY-fi3x 6ycaa apraac M/iYYT33r33p aniMTT Ma/iTMa/i aLUMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT 33psr
ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH MexaHM3Maap 30XMU,yy/i>K 6o/iho. AHY-h riayflep PMBepbiH caB ra3apT m/i yypxaM
aLUMr/iaxaac omho xmmt LuaBxaxafl aLUMrr Ma/iTMa/i aLUMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH xeHre/ie/iT ysyyncsn Hb
ypaMLuyy/i/ibiH aM>KM/nraM x3/i6sp 6o/icoh 6aMHa.
Capeaaedax apmiM xymhuu Tapu0yyd
C3pr33r,£],3X 3PMMM XYMHMM TapMtf) Hb 3pMMM XYHHMM 3aX 333/l.fl, a/lbTepH3TMB apraap YM/lAB3p/13C3H 3pMMM
xymmha m/iyy eHflep yh3 Te/iex 3aMaap HYM toc/immt a3m>kmh3. XspsB HYM 6arTcaH 60/1 YKpaMHbi
HorooH TapMc()MMH xyy/ib 33psr csprssrflsx spMMM xymhmm TapMtJ), XflTaflafl HYM awMr/iax 6o/ioh
HflM/HyM-TY/iLussp u,axM/iraaH YYcr3X3A o/irox TaTaac 33psr Hb HYM cyypbTaM u,axM/iraaH craHU,
a>KM/i/iax 6o/iom>k o/itoh, HYM toc/immt m/iyy bahmh 3acrMMH YP aLUMiraM 60/iroAor.
Tameapbm HejieejiejimyYd
TaTBapaac Me/iee/iex Hb HYM toc/iyyahmt x3psr>KYY^3X3A ty/ixsu, 6o/i>k 6o/iho. XflTaflbiH HYM-biH
Tece/ifl awMr/iarflax tohot TexeepeM>tK Mpsx op/iorbiH a/i6aH TaTBapbir Me/iee/ifler.
Csprssiyjsx 6yioy A/ibTepHaTHB Baru,biH CTaHAapTyyA
Yyp aMbcra/ibiH eepM/ie/iTTBM xo/i6ootom 3opM/rryyAt>ir 6Me/iYY^3XMMH Ty/ifl y/ic opHyyfl y/ic 60/100A
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ujnkiflB3p/i3X3fl aBM y33x 6ofl/ioro 6ereefl xycs/iT rapracaH yea TMT aflraap KOMnaHi/iyq xoopohaoo
rapaa XMMX3fl Tyca/iHa. TMT moh o/ioh hmmtmmh aiunr TycbiH Te/iee xo/i6ooHbi Heeu 6afl/iarr
30xnuyy/ia/iT xmm>k, /inueH3, MepaerflejK 6yw tottoomjk, flypMyyflSfl 3aarflcaH 3aa/iTyyflbir Mepflyy/isx
3PXT3M.
3epmi/i LLlMMflB3p/i3x 6yioy XaMTbiH Opo/iijooroop Bo/iOBcpyy/iax Tspss: XapaB /inueH3
333MUJnrMflMMH 3yr33C xycs/iT rapraBa/i, 3H3xyy T3Mfl3r/i3/ifl TycracaH 6ofl/ioroop Hecjrrb, 6akira/iMMH
XMki, HyypCHMM /lMUeH3 333MUJMrMflMMH XOOpOHflblH 30PMM/1 UJMMflB3p/13X 6yiOy XaMTbiH OpO/lUOOrOOp
Bo/iOBcpyy/iax rspssr 3eBiueeperflceH A/i6aH Tyiuaa/iTaH (3AT) xyiHax, 6aT/iaxbir luaapflaHa. TMT
3aarflcaH 3aa/iTyyfl Hb 3H3xyy 6ofl/ioro, Mepflerfle>K 6yfi TorTOOM>Kyyfl moh 6ycafl flypMyyflTBM ya/ifla>K
6akiraar HarTa/i>K, flaapx rapaaHMM 6yx 60/130/1, Hexue/iyyflMMr x^HacHbi flapaa n 36bx6h yr rapaaHfl
36B/ieree erex K>Myy tomm/io>k, 6aTa/iHa. TMT-Hbi 6aTa/icaH 36Biueepe/i Hb TyxaMH rapaa Typaacaap
xy/i33C3H yypsr, Heeu 6annrwwr xaMraa/iax flypsM, TorrooM>K, luaapfl/iaryyfl moh bhb 6ofl/iorbiH
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3aa/iTyyflTaki ya/iflcaH raflrnMH 6aTa/iraa 6o/iho. TMT rspssr 6aTa/iCHaap 36Biueepe/i caaTax,
xaparcaxryki 6o/iox 3CB3/i rsp33T3M 3epm/i/iflceH \(v\n a>KM/i/iaraaHbi Tyiuaa/i raprax apcfl/ikikir
6yypyyjma.
3epn/iMMH 3oxML|yy/ia/iTbiH Bye (33E): TMT Hb HflBX-H 3epm/i/i yycsx Marafl/ia/i 6yxkiki masbxtsm
HyypcHMM yypxaw 6ypi/mH 3pr3H TOkipoHfl 6yioy 0preflJieep-/lkiueH3Ji3x (0/1) Ta/i6aMfl 3epM/iMMH
3oxnuyy/ia/iTbiH Bye 6akiryy/iax 6a mhtschssp JikiueH3 333MiukirMfl3fl xaHra/irraM xyrauaaHfl M3fl3rfl3/i
xypr3H3. Msh tyyhm/ish mmm apra xsm>k33 aBCHaap Hecjrrb, xmm, hyypchmm JikiueH3 333Miukirm/ifl 6o/ioh
onepaTopyyflafl 6ai/iflaji n/iyy TOflopxoi/i 6o/iox 6ereefl 3epm/i/i yycsxssc csprnw/isx, iukikiflB3pji3X3fl
xspsrrski.
A. TMT HflBX-H T6C6/1 sxs/icsh lOMyy xkikirflaxaap Te/ieB/ieceH mi yypxaMH 3pr3H TOkipoHfl 10 jkmji
aiunr/iarflaHa ra>K tooucoh 6yckikir 6akiryy/iHa. 3hs 6yc Hb 33B Torrooxofl aiukir/iarflaHa.
B. TMT 36BiueeperflceH 0/1 Ta/i6akir 6yx/i33p Hb scbs/i x3C3m/i3H 33B-fl 6arraa>K 6o/iho. 3hs Hb
/inueH3 o/irorflO>K 6o/iox hyypchmm 3ypBacT kipaaflykifl rapax 3epM/ieec C3prkikiji>K Maflaxryki 6atinaa
m ypbflMM/iaH xapax, see/ipyy/isx 3opmiroTOki.
B. 33B 6ypkikir jkmji 6o/iroH xflHa>K, xmi xfl3raapbir Torroc»K 6awx ecTOki.
335-kikir TorTOOMoru, HflEX /ikiu,eH3 333MLUkirMki,£], 6yroy onepaTopyyAafl eepcflkiMHX Hb Hec()Tb, 6akira/ikmH
xmmh /imj,eH3YY,£], 33B 6yc3,fl, opcHbir hsh a^PY^ MSflsrflSHS. fl/iaHryaa ofipbiH upssflyMfl AByy/iax yy/i
yypxaMH a>Kki/i/iaraa, /inu,eH333p o/irocoH Heeu, 6afl/irkikir 30xnx u,ar xyrau,aaH,£], 39B 30xmctom awkir/iax,
xor xaarfl/iaac csprnM/isx, u,ooHoryy,£],bir 39B xaa>K opxkixbir Luaap^ax rMT-Hbi spx 6o/ioh aLumr Ma/iTMa/i
aujur/iacHbi Te/i6epnMH xeHre/ie/iT o/i6op/io/iTbir asmjkmx YYAH33C 6aM/ira>K 6o/iox scsxmmt MSflsrflSHS.
Hyypchmm yypxaMH 3pr3H TOkipoHfl 33B yycr3>K, /inueH3MMH eepn/ie/iT 6yioy 0/1 Ta/i6akia eepn/ie/iT
opyy/iCHbi flapaa, TMT HflBX-H o/i6opjiojiTOfl 3opny/iaH 33B-H flOTopx Hecjrrb, 6akira/iMMH xmmh
/iMueH3yyflMMH CTaTycbir xflHa>K, flapaax apra xsMJKSSHyyflMMr aBHa:
A. HflBX yki/iflB3p/i3>K 6yki HecjjTb, 6akira/iMMH xmmh JikiueH3 6o/iroHbi 333MUJnm, onepaTopyyflafl
3eBiueeperflceH An6aH Tyiuaa/iTaH (3AT) yr JikiueH3 Hb 33B-H flOTop 6ywr M3fl3rflC3H 3axkifla/i
kl/ir33H3.
B. HflBX YM/iflB3p/i33ryki scbs/i HflBX-Hfl 3opny/icaH 6yc JikiueH3yYfl3fl 3AT Hb hsh flapyw
epeMflex scbs/i 6MH6 Hb 30BiueeperflceH 6yx 0peMflex 3eBiueep/ikikiH 0prefl/iyYflkikir (030)
YM/iflsx, scbs/i 36Biueepe/i aBaxaap flapyw 030 rapraxbiH a/ib a/iMHbir xyc3M>K/i3x tOMyy scbs/i
/inueH3 333MUJnrM, onepaTop aaraafl hyypc o/i6op/io/iTbiH smhs xo/i6ooHbi 6akira/iMMH xkikir
o/i6op/ioxflOO xaMTMMH aiukirraki 6yc 6ai/ifljiaap yki/iflB3p/i3>K 6ykiH iua/iTraaHbir Taki/i6ap/iaxbir
xyccsH M3fl3rfl3/i 6MMT33P M/ir33H3. Msflsrflsx 3axnfl/iaap M6H 3aacaH xyrauaaHbi flOTop xapny/iTbir
3AT pyy 6kmr33p xyprYY71^"1^1" luaapflaHa.
B. /lMUeH3MMH Ta/l6aMfl H3r 3CB3/1 TYYH33C fl33UJ HflBX-H UOOHOr epeMflSX Hb 3flMMH 3aCrMMH yp
aiunrrYM 6ereefl HflBX yki/iflBsp/isx Te/ieB/iereerYM ra>K xapny/icaH /inueH3 333MUJnm lOMyy
onepaTopyyfl 3AT-fl yYHMkirss hot/iox xaHra/nraki xbm>k33hmm flara/iflax 6apnMTyyflbir y3YY/iH3.
3h3 hoto/itoo Hb aiuMrT Ma/iTMa/i aiunr/iacHbi Te/i6epnMH ynnkir 50 xyBnap 6yypyy/iaxafl ro/i
xynnH 3yki/i 6o/iox ecTOki.
r. LilaapflcaH uar xyrauaaHfl xapny/iT ereeryw lOMyy scbs/i H/IBX-h uooHoryyflbir epeMflex Hb
3flMMH 3acrnMH yp aujurn/ki v3f\vv\v\v 6aT/iaH xapyy/i>K naflaarYM /inueH3 333MUJnm, onepaTopyyflafl
3flMMH 3acrnMH YHfl3C/i3/iT3kir33p, 43 CFR 3162.2-l(b) 3aa/iT 6o/ioh /inueH3MMH rsp33H flax
xaarfl/iaac caprnM/iaxukir luaapflcaH 3aa/iTyyflbiH flaryy uooHoryyflbir epeMflexukir 3axnpaM>K
6o/iroHO. UooHoryyflbir epeMflex 3axnpaM>KMMr 6ne/iYY^33rYM, 3epMC6H /inueH3 333MiuMrM,
onepaTopyyflbir 3AT-nh Tyiuaa/ibir Mepfleen/ki rs>K y33H 6yp3H x3M>K33Hkiki iukikiTr3/i OHorflyy/iHa.
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3axnpaM>Ki/mr flapyw Mepfle>K, 6Me/iyYJi3x Hb epeMfl/iernMH 6o/ioh uooHor aiunr/ia/iTbiH 3apfl/ibir
spryy/iSH o/ioxbir xypaacra>K, JiMueH3 333MWMrMMMH awri/mr H3M3rflYYJi3X3A TycraM. 33B-h flOTop
YYCC3H 030-YYflHkir 6o/iOBcpyy/iaxafl hsh TapryyHMM an xo/i6or,zio/i ern a>KMJUiaHa. Mhtschssp a/ib
60/lOX MX X3MJK33HMM HflBX-H H00UMMT 0/l60p/10X 60/10M>K O/ITOJK, 30pMMJl yyC3X33C 6MH0 C3prMMJlH3.
EaMra/iMMH Xmmh 0/i6op/io/iTbir Xypaacrax XeHre/ie/iTYYA: Xo/i6ooHbi HyypCHMM h00ummt 3ym
30xmctom aiunr/iax 6yioy HflBX-H H0014 xaarflaxaac C3prMM/i>K, XAHa/iTflaa aBaxbiH Ty/ifl TMT HecJjTb,
6akira/iMMH xmmh /iMueH3 333MUJMmfl3fl aiuMrr Ma/iTMa/i aiuMr/iacHbi T0/160PMMH x0Hr0/i0/iT o/iro>K
6o/iho. 3h3 X0HT0/10/1T Hb HYYPC o/i6op/iox flBUbir caaaryM AByy/iaxbiH Ty/ifl oreracoH uar xyrauaaHfl
a/lb 60/lOX MX X3MJK33HMM HflBX 0/l60p/10X HflBX-H UOOHOryyflbir epSMflSX ajKM/lfl fl3M>KJ13r Y3YYJ13X
kdm. Bhsxyy 30pq/iMMH 6ofl/ioro Hb ofloo o/i6op/io>K 6yM HyypCHMM yeyflSSC ryHfl 6yM 6yC33C 0/l6op/10/lT
xmm>k 6yki HecjjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh uooHoryyaaa xaMaapaxn/M.
Alumit Ma/iTMa/i aiuMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH x0Hr0/i0/iT 3fl/i3x wa/iryypT t3husxmmh Ty/ifl, HecJjTb,
6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMueH3 333MiuMm Hb uooHor xaax waapacaH xyrauaaHaac 0MH0 hooummh
o/i6op/io/iTbir TYpr3BM/i3H xaMTMMH xypaaH AByy/iHa rsflrss M0H TMT-Hbi xyc3/iT33p uooHoryyflbiH 6yc3fl
yypxaMH o/i6op/io/iT 3x/i3X33C 0MH0 aiuMr/ia/iTbir 3orcoo>K, uooHoryyflbir xaaHa rsflrss xy/i33H
30Biu00p0x ecTOM. TMT uooHoryyflbir xaax ecTOM omooHOOC Haafl 3ax Hb 180 xohotmmh 0MH0 HecjjTb,
6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMueH3 333MUJMmfl3fl M3fl3rfl3H3. 3h3 6ofl/iorbiH flaryy caHa/i 6o/itocoh aiuMrr
Ma/iTMa/i aiuMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH AMap H3r x0Hr0/i0/iT Hb Hyypc 6o/ioh H/IBX-h o/i6op/io/iTbiH a/ib
a/iMHbir 30XMCTOMroop AByy/iaxafl mmt/iscsh 6aMHa. Bflraap Hexue/iyyAMMr xy/i33H 30Biu00pc0H Hecjrrb,
6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMueH3 333MUJMmfl3fl floopx 6o/iOM>Kyyfl o/irorflOHo:
A. 33B-H flOTopx xo/i6ooHbi HecjjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh /iMueH3T3M, HflBX-H a/iMBaa uooHorr aiuMrr
Ma/iTMa/i aiuMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMr 50 xyBMap 6yypyy/iax 6a yyHfl ofloo 6yn uooHoryya M0H
6arTaHa. X0Hr0/i0/iT Hb TyxaMH xyarMMH aiuMr/ia/iTbiH xyrauaaHbi Typiu xymmhtsm. Aujmtt
Ma/iTMa/i aiuMr/iacHbi Te/i6epMMH mmm x0Hr0/i0/iT 6aMxn/M toxmojiaojia 33B-H flOTop HflBX
o/i6op/iox Marafl/ia/i 6aMxryi/i ra>K TMT TorroocoH 6a uaaiuMfl yH3 U3hb 6yxmm HyypCHMM
opflyyflbiH o/i6op/io/iTbir caki>Kpyy/iaxbiH Ty/ifl mmm xeHre/iejiTyyA waap,q/iaraTaM.
B. 1/Imm x0Hr0/i0/iTMMr sa/isxmmh Ty/ifl eprefle/i rapram Hb:
1. YypxaMH 0/l6op/10/lT 3X/13X33C 0MH0 HflBX-H 0/l6op/10/lTbir fl33fl 33prMMH YP
6YT33/iT3Mr33p AByy/iax T0/i0B/i0r00r TMT-fl 0pr0H 6apMx; M0H
2. 3AT-nh Tyiuaa/iaap HyypCHMM yypxaMH o/i6op/io/iT sx/isx 6o/iom>k o/iroxbiH Ty/ifl yM/i
a>KM/i/iaraaraa 3orcoox, uooHoryyflbir xaax, o/i6op/io/itoa aiuMr/iacaH tohot,
T0X00p0M>K, xspsrc/iYYflUkir xypaax 33par apra xaMJioaHyyaMMr aBHa raflraa xy/i33H
30BLLI00pC0H 6akix eCTOM.
Typ XyraqaaHfl UooHor Xaax/HexeH C3pr33/rr: UooHoryyflbir xaax, xyflrMkir H0X0H capraax,
aiuMr/iacaH tohot T0X00p0M>KYYfl 6o/ioh 6ycafl flara/iflax xaparc/iYYfln^r HYY^raxTBM xo/i6ootom
acyyfl/lbir HYYPCHMM /lMUeH3 333MUJMrMT3M X3/13/1U3JK, 3AT 30BLU00PC0H 6akix eCTOM. 1/IX3HX
TOXMO/iflO/ifl, xyflrMMH Ta/i6aM, hsbtpsx 3aM, ujyraM xoo/iom TaTcaH ujyyflyy 33prMkir m>k 6yph33P Hb
C3pr33XMkir luaapAAarn/M 6o/iobm 3/i3rfl3/i, 6aMra/ib opMMHfl copor H0/100/10/1 yYcr3x33C xaHra/irraM
C3prMM/iC3H 6akixafl 6o/iho.
Auimit Ma/iTMa/i AuiMr/iacHbi Te/i6epnMH Xyhmhtcm 6yM XeHre/ie/iT: Oaoo MepAerA6>K 6ym
AYP3M, 3aaBpbiH flaryy mmm xohto/io/itmmh spx o/irox 6ycafl H0X140/1 6aMfl/iyyflafl yHfl3C/i3>K HecJjTb,
6aMra/lMMH XMM 3CB3/1 HyypCHMM a/lMHblX Hb M /lMUeH3MMH X0Hr0/10/lTMMr Xfl3raap/iaxbir 30pbC0H 3aa/lT
6aMxryM.
1. HyypCHMM Aujmtt Ma/iTMa/i AiuMr/iacHbi T0/i60pMMr Byypyy/iax: HflBX 6o/ioh HyypCHMM m/i
yypxaki aiuMr/ia/iTbiH 30pq/iMMH ujmmabsptsm xo/i6ootomtoop yyccsH 3apfl/iaac 6o/i>k HyypCHMM
/lMUeH3 333MUJMTM Hb aiilMTT Ma/lTMa/1 aiUMT/iaCHbl T0/l60pMMH X0HT0/10/1T y3yy/13X XyC3/lT
rapraBa/i yyhmmt xspsr Tyc 6yp33p ujmmasx 60r00fl 3H3 Hb aMJKM/nryM yki/i a>KM/i/iaraa 6yioy
0pr0Tr0C0H o/i6op/io/iT, yypxaMH 3fl3/ir33HMM xyrauaa cyHrarflax yeMMH 3aaBpbiH flaryy 6aMHa:
TMT-Hbi 3485-p 3aaBap flaxb caHxyyrMMH ujmhjkm/itsshmm aHm/ia/i.
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2. HecJjTb, Bakira/iMMH Xmmh Aiumtt Ma/ima/i Aiunr/iacHbi Te/i6epnMr Byypyy/iax: Hecjrrb,
6akira/iMMH xmmh aiuMrr Ma/iTMa/i aiunr/iacHbi Te/i6epi/mr 6yypyy/iax ofloo MepaerflejK 6yw
AYP3M, 3aaBpyyflbir 43 CFR 3103.4 6o/ioh 43 CFR 3103.4-1-33C o/i>k y33>k 6o/iho.
YHfl3C/13/i: HflBX-H 0/l6op/10/lT XyPflCaXblH X3P33P Okip OpMMblH HYYPCHMM MJ1 yypxakiH OJl6opjlOJlTTOM
36PMM/1 3aM/nuryM yycrscssp 6afix 6o/iho. nayaep PuBepbiH CaB ra3apT mxbhx toxmojiaojia "3H3
/inueH3MMH aiunr/ia/iT flByy/iaxaa uja/iTraaHrykirssp caafl 6o/ioxrykir33p mmm ra3pyya flaxb a/iMBaa
H06UMMH MapraaHbir lUMMABsp/iax" apx 3acrMkiH ra3apT 6mm racsH Hexue/rrakireep HecJjTb, 6aMra/iMMH
xmmh /iMueH3MMr 3X3/i>k o/iroaor 6akicaH 6aMHa. 3hb toxmojiaojia, hyypchmm yypxaki Hb smhs Hb
6akicaH HecJjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh JiMueH3MMH flaryy flByy/i>i< 6yn ymji a>KM/i/iaraaHfl luajiTraaHP/Mrssp
caafl 6o/ioxryM racsH Hexue/ieep hyypchmm /iMueH3 o/iro>K 6aMB. TMT 3H3 acyyfl/ibir 30XMuyy/iaxbiH
Ty/ifl TMT-biH 6ycafl a/i6aflaa 3opMy/i>K 2000-081 toot 3aaBpbiH a/i6aH 6MMrMkir 2000 ohn 2 capbiH 22-
Hfl rapracaH xsamm m 6oamt 3epMM/i yyccssp 6aMHa. TMT xo/i6ooHbi HecJjTb, 6aMra/iMMH xmmh
YM/lflB3p/13/lMMH 6\X WaTaHfl Xyy/IMMH XYP33HMM 30XMUyy/ia/lT XMMX 3pX M3fl3/1T3M, M0H X0/l600Hbl
HYYPCHMM YM/lflB3p/13/lMMr fl33fl 33prMMH Yp AlUMTTaM 0/l6op/10X"fl XflHa/lT T3Bb>K 30XMUyy/ia/lT XMMH3
v3f\vv\v\v 6\x /iMueH3 333MiuMrMMfl, onepaTopyya om/itocoh 6akix Hb nyxa/i 6ereefl /iMueH3MMH Hexue/i,
AYPMYYAHi/ir MepflexrYM toxmojiaojia TMT flsspx apx mbajimmh xyP33ha, /iMueH3MMr uyu/iax XYPT3/1 apra
X3MJK33 aBM, 3pX M3fl/133 X3p3DKYY^3H, M0pflYY^H3. TMT-Hbl X3p3DKYY^>K 6yM apra X3MJK33HYYA
HeeuMkir xaara/iaH xaMraa/i>K, HeeuMkir o/i6op/iochoop o/ioh hmmtba 3flmmh 3acrMMH 6o/ioh spmmm
xymhmm Y^/iflBsp/is/iMMH aiurMkir HSMsrflYY7135^/ M6H xyp33/i3H 6yM opMHbi ceper He/iee/i/iYYfln^r
6aracra>K, hmmtmmh apYY^ mbha, aioy/irYM 6aMfl/ibir xaMraa/iaxaa fl3M>K/i3r y3YY13* 6o/iho. 3hb
6ofl/iorbir MpssflY^fl 6ycaa hyypchmm yypxaMH caB ra3pyyflafl aBM y33x 6ojiom>ktom. fla/ifl HyypcHMki
yypxaMHyyflTaki 3epM/iMMr moh Mpssfly^fl sbm y33>k 6o/iho.
Xy^mh Tere/iflep Eo/iox Xyraqaa: 3hb 3aaBpbiH TsMflsr/is/i hsh aapyki xyMMH Tere/iflep ymjimmjijk
3X3J1H3.
TeceBT He/iee/iex: TMT-Hbi xsspmmh a/i6aHbi a/i6aH xaamflafl ujmhssp 3aaBap erex luaapfl/iaraTaki
6o/i>k Marafln/ki 6a 3H3 Hb ofloorMMH a>K/ibiH anaa/i/ibiH flsc flapaa/ia/ifl He/iee/i>K 6o/iho.
3aaBap/rapbiH AB/iarbiH XscryYA QepM/ieraex 3csx: Yryki
BojiOBcpyy/ia/rr: 3hs 3aaBapMM/iraar BakiOMMHr 6o/ioh MoHTaHarMkiH TMT-Hbi Y/icnh An6aflTaki
xaMTpaH 6o/iOBcpyy/iaB: BaiuMHTTOHbi TMT-Hbi LLlMHrsH 3pflac Baa/iar, XaTyy AiuMrr Ma/iTMa/ibiH An6a,
Xyy/IMMH 30B/10XMMH flOTOOfl An6aHbl X3/1T3C.
X0/1600 6apnx: Tyc/iax 3axMpa/i, Aujmtt Ma/rma/ibiH 0mm 6a HeeuMkiH XaMraa/ia/iTbiH A/i6a, YTac
(202) 208-4201.
TapbiH ycsr 3ypcaH: BaTa/icaH:
/lopeHC E. BeHHa Po6epT M. BM/uiMaMC
Op/iom 3axMpa/i IRM YflMpfl/iarbiH X3/it3C,WO-560
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