On-Site Incineration at the
Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site
Slidell, Louisiana

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Incineration at the Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Slideil, Louisiana

Site Name:

Bayou Bonfouca Superfund
Site

Contaminants:

Polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons:
benzo(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene,
benzo(k)fluoranthene,
ideno(1,2,3-cd)-pyrene,
chrysene, and creosote

Period of Operation:

November 1993 - July 1995

Location:

Slideil, Louisiana

Cleanup Type:

Remedial action

Vendor:

IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923
(423) 690-3211

Technology:

•	Sediment transported
through a feed system that
included dewatering and
mixing

•	Incineration system
consisting of rotary kiln and
secondary combustion
chamber (SCC)

•	SCC operated between
1,600 °F and 1,800 °F

•	Exhaust gases from SCC
directed through gas
cleaning system

•	Residual ash was landfilled,
and an engineered cap was
placed over residual ash and
surface soil

Cleanup Authority:

CERCLA and State: Louisiana

•	Phase I ROD signed August
1985

•	Phase II ROD signed March
1987

•	Fund-lead

•	ESD Signed February 1990

SIC Code:

2491 (Wood Preserving)

Point of Contact:

Mark Hansen

U.S. EPA Region 6

1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200

Dallas, TX 75202

(214) 665-7548

Waste Source:

Bayou sediments - creosote
waste

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:

Sediment (169,000 cubic yards)

Contaminated material from waste piles (10,000 cubic yards)

Purpose/Significance of
Application:

Underestimated volume of
contaminated soil by a factor of
three, prompting EPA to
reevaluate remedial plans.
Completed 18 months ahead of
schedule

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:

Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for all constituents of concern as required by
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) incinerator regulations at 40 CFR part 264,
subpart O

Results:

Monitorina and trial burn data indicate that all DRE and emission standards have been met

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Incineration at the Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Slideil, Louisiana

(Continued)

Description:

Between 1892 and 1970, the Bayou Bonfouca site operated as a former creosote works facility.

During this period, numerous creosote releases occurred. In 1970, a fire at the plant released large
amounts of creosote into the environment. Sediments in Bayou Bonfouca, an adjacent navigable
waterway, were heavily contaminated with creosote (PAHs).

In August 1985, a Phase I Record of Decision (ROD) was signed, specifying excavation and off-site
landfilling of creosote waste piles. In March 1987, a Phase II ROD was signed. The remedial actions
for the Phase II ROD included the excavation and on-site incineration of sediment and the contents of
surface waste piles with placement of an engineered cap over residual ash and surface soils. During
1988, a detailed design investigation showed that the volume of contaminated sediment was
underestimated by a factor of three. The volume increase resulted in a cost increase and prompted
EPA to issue an Explanation of Significant Difference (ESD) in February 1990.

The selected incineration system consisted of a feed system, a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion
chamber (SCC) and a gas cleaning system. Sediment was dewatered and then mixed before being
fed to the incinerator. During its operation, the incinerator processed approximately 250,000 tons
(169,000 cubic yards) of contaminated sediments and waste pile material. Treatment performance
and emissions data collected during this application indicated that all performance standards and
emissions requirements were met.

The actual cost for remediation using the incineration system was approximately $110,000,000.	

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Executive Summary

This report presents cost and performance data
for the application of on-site incineration at the
Bayou Bonfouca Superfund site in Slidell,
Louisiana. A rotary kiln incinerator was
operated from November 1993 through July
1995 as part of a remedial action.

Contaminants of concern at the site included
specific polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs).

The Bayou Bonfouca site was a former creosote
works facility that operated from 1892 until its
closure in 1970. During this period, numerous
creosote releases occurred. In 1970, a fire at
the plant released large amounts of creosote
into the environment. Sediment at the Bayou
Bonfouca site was contaminated with PAHs.

In August 1985, a Phase I Record of Decision
(ROD) was signed, specifying excavation and
off-site landfilling of creosote waste piles. In
March 1987, a Phase II ROD was signed. The
remedial actions for the Phase II ROD included
the excavation and on-site incineration of
sediment and the contents of surface waste
piles with placement of an engineered cap over
residual ash and surface soils

The material specified for excavation and
incineration included approximately 165,000
cubic yards of bayou sediments contaminated
with PAHs in excess of 1,300 mg/kg and 10,000
cubic yards of contaminated material from
waste piles. The ROD also specified incinerator
requirements that included a destruction and
removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for each
contaminant of concern.

During 1988, a detailed design investigation
showed that the volume of contaminated
sediment was underestimated by a factor of
three. The volume increase resulted in a cost
increase and prompted EPA to issue an
Explanation of Significant Difference (ESD) in
February 1990.

The ESD divided the Phase II ROD
remedial action into two operable units: a
groundwater and a source control operable
unit. On-site incineration was a component
of the response for the source control
operable unit.

The selected incineration system consisted
of a feed system, a rotary kiln, a secondary
combustion chamber (SCC) and a gas
cleaning system. Sediment was dewatered
and then mixed before being fed to the
incinerator.

A countercurrent kiln lined with castable
refractory brick was used at the Bayou
Bonfouca site. The resulting ash was
discharged from the kiln and quenched
outside of the kiln, while exhaust gases
were channeled to the SCC. The SCC
provided additional combustion of organics
in the exhaust gas which was subsequently
quenched with water.

The gas cleaning system consisted of a
quench system, a combustion gas
conditioner, a Hydro Sonic® scrubber, and a
vane separator. Particulate matter and acid
gasses were removed throughout the gas
cleaning system.

During its operation, the incinerator
processed approximately 250,000 tons
(over 170,000 cubic yards) of contaminated
sediments. Treatment performance and
emissions data collected during this
application indicated that all performance
standards and emissions requirements were
met.

The actual cost for remediation using the
incineration system was approximately
$110,000,000.

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Site Information

Identifying Information

Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site
Slidell, Louisiana

CERCLIS # LAD980745632

Phase II ROD Date: March 31, 1987

Treatment Application

Type of action:

incineration)

Remedial (on-site

Period of operation:

July 1995

November 1993 -

Quantity of material treated:

approximately 250,000 tons of
contaminated sediments

Background

Historical Activity that Generated
Contamination at the Site: Creosote plant that
treated pilings for use in railway construction

Corresponding SIC Code: 2491 (Wood
Preserving)

Waste Management Practice That
Contributed to Contamination: Improper
waste storage and disposal practices

Site History:

The Bayou Bonfouca Superfund site is
characterized by standing water and
saturated surface soil.

The northern section of the site is heavily
wooded and the remainder of the site is
bordered by a drainage ditch, a creek, and
the Bayou Bonfouca.

The site operated as a creosote works
facility from 1892 until it was closed as the
result of a fire in 1970. During this period,
numerous creosote releases occurred,
contaminating the area with PAHs [4], The
fire in 1970 released large amounts of
creosote into the environment.

In 1976, the Coast Guard investigated the
Bayou Bonfouca waterway. The creosote in
the bayou sediments was so concentrated
that Coast Guard divers received second-
degree chemical burns and found that the
bayou was biologically sterile. The initial
investigation was supplemented in 1978 by
a study conducted by EPA, the Coast
Guard, and the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration. The
Remedial Investigation (Rl) and
Feasibility Studies (FS) were completed
in 1987.

In 1988, design investigations showed
that the volume of waste was
approximately three times the amount
previously estimated. This resulted in a
dramatic increase in cost. These two
factors led EPA to divide the remedial
action into two operable units, allowing
remediation of the groundwater
operable unit to continue while further
investigating the source control
operable unit. At the same time, EPA
conducted a Value-Engineering (V-E)
study to ensure that the remedy
selected was still the most appropriate.

Incineration operations began in
November 1993 when a trial burn was
conducted. Incineration was completed
July 1995, 18 months ahead of
schedule.

Approximately 250,000 tons of
contaminated sediment were
incinerated between November 1993
and July 1995.

Remedial actions were funded by EPA
through the Superfund program and by
the state of Louisiana.

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Site Information (Cont.)

Background (Cont.l

Regulatory Context:

In September 1983, the Bayou Bonfouca
site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL).

A ROD for Phase I was signed in August
1985, specifying excavation and off-site
landfilling of creosote waste piles and
contaminated on-site soil; and the disposal
of contaminated water by deep-well
injection at an approved Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
facility.

A ROD for Phase II was signed in March
1987, specifying excavation and on-site
incineration of sediment from the Bayou
Bonfouca.

EPA issued an ESD in February 1990, as a
result of the discovery of more waste than
estimated by the RI/FS and the subsequent
increase in cost. The ESD upheld the
decision to use on-site incineration, but
divided the Phase II remedial action into two
operable units: groundwater and source
control.

Timeline

Table 1. Timeline [2]

Date

Activity

1892-1970

The facility on the Bayou Bonfouca site produced creosote

1976

Coast Guard investigated Bayou Bonfouca waterway

September 1983

Site was placed on the NPL

August 1985

Record of Decision for Phase I signed

1987

Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study completed

March 31, 1987

Record of Decision for Phase II signed

1988

Design investigations revealed volume of waste material was three times previous
estimates.

February 1990

ESD divided the remedial action into two operable units

November 1993

Trial burn performed

November 1993-July 1995

Rotary kiln incinerator operated

The DREs were set in accordance with
RCRA incinerator regulations in 40 CFR
part 264, subpart O, §264.343.

Site activities were conducted under the
provisions of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
(CERCLA), as amended by the
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986,
and the National Contingency Plan, 40
CFR 300 [1],

Remedy Selection: On-site rotary kiln
incineration was selected as the remedy for
contaminated sediment at the Bayou
Bonfouca Superfund site based on the site
investigation, feasibility study, Health
Assessment, Technical Assistance
Memoranda for Development of Record of
Decision, and Reports on Public Hearings.

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Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Site Loaistics/Contacts

Site Management: EPA-Lead

State Contact:

Duane Wilson

Louisiana Department of Environmental
Quality

Inactive and Abandoned Sites Division
7290 Bluebonnet Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
(504) 765-0463

Oversight: Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality (LDEQ)

Remedial Project Manager:

Mark Hansen

U.S. EPA Region 6

1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200

Dallas, TX 75202

(214) 665-7548

Treatment System Vendor:

IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923
(423) 690-3211

Matrix Identification

Type of Matrix Processed
Through the Treatment System: The

primary feed for the incinerator was
dewatered bayou sediment. Small amounts
of creosote generated from groundwater
treatment at the site and contaminated soil
also were incinerated.

Contaminant Characterization

Primary Contaminant Group: Polynuclear	benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzol-

aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)	fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyrene,

Matrix Characteristics Affecting Treatment Cost or Performance

Table 2 presents the matrix characteristics
that most significantly affected cost or
performance at the site and their measured
values.

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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Technology Innovation Office

and chrysene.

The contaminants of greatest concern were
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene,

The maximum concentration of PAHs
detected at the site was 13,450 mg/kg.

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Matrix Description (Cont.)

Table 2. Matrix Characteristics

Parameter

Bayou Sediments

Creosote Waste Piles

Maximum
Value

Minimum
Value

Average
Value

Maximum
Value

Minimum
Value

Average
Value

Moisture (%)

77

17

52

NA

NA

NA

Ash (%)

81.0

3.6

40

NA

NA

NA

Total Chloride (%)

0.29

0.02

0.07

1.42

0.02

0.17

Sulfur (%)

1.24

0.04

0.25

0.79

0.04

0.24

Carbon (%)

60.5

0.3

9.2

96.3

3.17

45

Oxygen (%)

25.2

0.3

6.8

19.78

0.55

7.6

Hydrogen (%)

8.14

0.01

2.4

4.56

0.64

2.4

Nitrogen (%)

1.61

0.02

0.42

1.43

0.10

0.64

Note: NA - Not Available

Treatment System Description

Primary Treatment Technology

Rotary kiln incineration, including:
Rotary kiln; and

Secondary combustion chamber.

Supplemental Treatment Technology

Pre-Treatment (solids): Dewatering and
mixing

Post-Treatment (air):

Quench system;

Combustion Gas Conditioner;

Hydro Sonic® Scrubber; and
Vane Separator.

Post-Treatment (water): Oil water separator
and carbon adsorption

System Description and Operation

The rotary kiln incineration system used at
the Bayou Bonfouca site consisted of two
chambers (the kiln itself and a secondary
combustion chamber) and a gas cleaning
system consisting of a quench system, a
combustion gas conditioner, a Hydro Sonic®
scrubber, and a vane separator.

Turbidity curtains, silt curtains, and
absorbent booms were placed along the
bayou prior to dredging. The curtains were
manufactured from synthetic materials
which allowed the passage of water but
prevented the flow of soil particles.

Sediments were pumped through an 18-inch
pipeline from the bayou into a water
retention basin. Sediment was then moved
to a feed preparation building where it was
dewatered in a filter press. The filter cakes

were mixed to create a homogeneous
matrix. Prepared solid waste was
transferred to mass flow feeders by
front-end loaders. The waste was then
moved by a transfer conveyor to a
slinger belt conveyor, which fed the
waste into the kiln. The transfer
conveyor and slinger belt conveyor
were completely enclosed and under
negative pressure.

The countercurrent rotary kiln had a
length of 75 feet, with an inside
diameter of 12 feet and a volume of
8,475 cubic feet. The kiln was a carbon
steel chamber lined with 9 inches of
super-duty castable refractory and was
operated in an oxidative mode.

Hot ash from the kiln was discharged to
an ash pan conveyor and then

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Treatment System Description (Cont.)

transferred to the ash cooler where the ash
was quenched.

A slag removal system was installed in case
slagging occurred. The system consisted of
a slag quench chamber, a slag roller
crusher, and a dewatering slag removal
screw. According to site personnel,
slagging was not a problem.

Flue gases from the kiln were routed to the
SCC for additional combustion of volatilized
contaminants. The SCC operated between
1,600°F and 1,800°F, with an average
oxygen content of 4 to 8 percent. The
inside diameter of the SCC was 10 feet, 6
inches, and the minimum off-gas retention
time was 2 seconds.

The exhaust gases from the SCC were
directed through a gas cleaning system.

First, the gases were channeled through the
quench system to cool the off-gases and
remove particulates and acid gas. Flue gas
from the quench system then flowed into the
gas conditioner, where additional particulate
and acid gas were removed.

Gas leaving the gas conditioner entered a
Hydro-Sonic® scrubber where caustic
solution was sprayed into the gas stream.

The gas stream entered the vane separator,
where the spray solution from the scrubber
was removed.

The incinerator system was equipped
with an emergency relief vent system to
treat off-gases from the kiln during
emergency shutdowns. The
Environmentally Safe Temporary
Emergency Relief System® (ESTER®)
received electricity from a battery-
powered uninterruptable power source,
so the off-gases were treated even
during power outages. The ESTER
system consisted of a natural gas ring
burner, two continuous gas pilots, and
two natural draft air dampers. The
system was designed to be a complete
stand-alone combustion system in
emergency shutdown situations [5],

Combustion gases were drawn through
the kiln system and gas cleaning system
by an induced draft fan, resulting in a
constant negative pressure throughout
the system. Gases were exhausted
through a 100-foot stack.

Residual ash was required to meet a
goal of 10 mg/kg PAH or less before
land disposal. Residual ash was
landfilled on-site, and an engineered
cap was placed over residual ash and
surface soils.

Water from the sediment was treated by
sand-bed filters, with oil/water
separation and carbon adsorption. The
treated water was discharged into the
bayou.

Parameter

Value

Residence Time (Solids)

30 - 40 minutes

System Throughput

25 tons/hr

Kiln Temperature

1,200°F

Table 3. Summary of Operating Parameters

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Treatment System Performance

Cleanup Goals/Standards

The cleanup goals and standards were	• The required DRE was 99.99% for each

specified in the Phase II ROD.	contaminant of concern.

The sediment cleanup level was 1,300
mg/kg of PAHs.

Residual on-site soils containing greater
than 100 mg/kg PAHs and less than 1,000
mg/kg were collected and landfilled on-
site. Soils less than 100 mg/kg were left
in place and those greater than 1,000
mg/kg were incinerated. All ash had to be
less than 10 mg/kg PAHs before on-site
landfilling.

The ESD re-evaluated the cleanup levels
presented in the ROD. The levels
represented a lifetime increased cancer
risk of less than 1*104 which conformed
to the acceptable health risk criteria
contained in the National Contingency
Plan.

Treatment Performance and Compliance

The trial burn conducted at the Bayou
Bonfouca site was designed to operate the
incineration system at conditions that
reflected worst-case destruction and
removal of all constituents of concern.

Anthracene, naphthalene, and toluene were
selected as the POHCs for the Bayou
Bonfouca site. The reported DRE for each
POHC are included in Table 4.

The incinerator operated within the
operating limits established during the trial
burn, signifying that all performance
requirements were met. Table 5 presents
the AWFCO limits during the operation of
the incinerator. Information regarding the
frequency of AWFCOs was not available.
AWFCOs occurred occasionally
throughout the project primarily due to
electrical power interruptions from the
regional electric power provider, CLECO.
Table 6 presents values for operating
parameters measured during the trial burn
and subsequent operations.

Table 4. Average Destruction and Removal Efficiencies from Compliance Testing

Contaminant

Average Contaminant
Feed Rate in Soil (Ib/hr)

Average Contaminant Rate
Stack Gas Emissions (Ib/hr)

Average Contaminant
Rate in Residual (Ib/hr)

DRE(%)

Toluene

23.36

8.7E-5

0.0004

>99.9996

Naphthalene

83.09

2.18E-3

0.0068

>99.997

Anthracene

79.87

1.99E-3

<0.0804

>99.998

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Treatment System Performance (Cont.)

Table 5. Automatic Waste Feed Cutoffs

12]

Parameter

Cutoff Limit

Maximum kiln feed rate, 15-minute rolling average

29.05 tph

Maximum instantaneous kiln pressure

-0.02 in w.c.

Minimum kiln off-gas temperature, 1-hour rolling average

1,088° F

Minimum kiln off-gas temperature, instantaneous

1,088° F

Minimum SCC off-gas temperature, 10-minute rolling average

1,689° F

Minimum SCC off-gas temperature, instantaneous

1,689° F

ESTER® pilot out

400 °F

Maximum quench outlet gas temperature

220 °F

Minimum GCS differential pressure, 10-minute rolling average

21.2 in w.c.

Maximum stack gas flow, 10-minute rolling average

45,580 acfm

Maximum stack CO, 1 -hour rolling average corrected to 7% 02

100 ppm

Maximum stack gas CO, instantaneous corrected to 7% 02

500 ppm

Maximum stack gas THC, 1-hour rolling average as propane, corrected to 7% 02

20 ppm

Minimum stack gas 0,, 1-minute rolling average

3 % dry volume

Table 6. Operating Parameters [2]

Parameter

Actual Value*

Trial Burn Value

Minimum kiln off-gas temperature, instantaneous

1,094° F

1053°F

Kiln Pressure, 15-minute rolling average

NA

-1.49 in w.c.

Minimum SCC off-gas temperature, instantaneous

1,689° F

1626°F

Maximum stack gas flow, 10-minute rolling average

45,580 acfm

45,050 acfm

Maximum kiln feed rate, 15-minute rolling average

29.05 tph

30.79 tph

Minimum scrubber change in pressure, 10-minute rolling average

21.2

24.15 in w.c.

Minimum Hydro-1 Recycle flow rate

396

396 gpm

Maximum stack gas CO, 60-minute rolling average, corrected to 7% oxygen

100

2 ppm

Maximum stack gas THC, 60-minute rolling average, corrected to 7%
oxygen

20

15 ppm

Stack gas C02

NA

9.78% dry volume

Stack gas 02, 1-minute rolling average

NA

10.31% dry volume

HCI Emissions

NA

0.036 Ib/hr

Particulate Matter Concentration

NA

0.0059 gr/dscf

'Anticipated values from the trial burn report.

Performance Data Completeness

Data are available for concentrations of
contaminants in the incinerator residue.
These data were collected at the end of four
separate runs during the trial burn.

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Treatment System Performance (Cont.)

Performance Data Quality

The Quality Assurance/Quality Control
(QA/QC) program used throughout the
remedial action met the EPA and the state
of Louisiana requirements.

Treatment System Cost

Procurement Process

The prime contractor was a joint venture, IT
Corporation (68%) and O.H. Materials,
Incorporated (32%).

Cost Data

The estimated total cost for operating the
incinerator at the site was $110,000,000,
with a cost of $72,000,000 for thermal
treatment. A total of 179,000 tons of
sediment and waste pile material were
incinerated. This corresponds to a total unit
cost of $440 per ton, and a unit cost for
thermal treatment of $288 per ton.

Table 7. Costs

WBS Number

Description

Cost

331

01

01

Mobilization of construction equipment and facilities

$21 million

331

01

02

Mobilization of personnel

$0.5 million

331

01

03

Submittals/implementation plans

$2.0 million

331

02

03

Air monitoring and sampling

$4 million

331

02

05

Sampling surface and groundwater

$0.8 million

331

02

06

Sampling soil and sediment

$0.5 million

331

02

09

Laboratory chemical analysis

$2.5 million

331

03

03

Earthwork (i.e., excavating, stockpiling)

$20 million



Miscellaneous

$3 million



Total Capital Costs

$54 million



Annual Operating and Maintenance Cost

$18 million/yr



Total Operation and Maintenance Costs

$30 million

Cost Data Quality

Cost data was provided by IT Corporation.

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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Bayou Bonfouca Superfund Site

Observations

Cost Observations and Lessons Learned

EPA chose an innovative approach to pay
for the incineration by paying on the dry-
weight basis of the ash instead of on the
weight of the feed material. This helped to
prevent the incineration of unnecessary
moisture by placing the responsibility on the
contractor to optimize the process train.

Other Observations and Lessons Learned

Approximately 96% of the AWFCOs were
due to momentary power glitches partially
attributable an old system of power lines.
These were not true power outages, but
the sensitive equipment would register the
glitch as a break in power, resulting in an
AWFCO.

Public Involvement

A Community Involvement Plan was
developed April 1984 and revised in
August 1985. Twenty open houses and
workshops were held for the public
between 1985 and 1996. Several fact
sheets were mailed to the 318 citizens on
the mailing list.

Lessons Learned

After incineration of the waste at Bayou
Bonfouca was completed, the incineration
system was used to incinerate waste from
Southern Shipbuilding, a site less than
two miles away. According to site
personnel, reusing the system at Bayou
Bonfouca instead of building a new one at
Southern Shipbuilding saved at least $20
million.

The Bayou Bonfouca site had some
problems with power outages that
occurred during storms. To prevent this
from being a problem, wastes were not
fed to the unit during storms.

A stack/ID fan silencing system allowed
24-hour operation without disturbing local
residents.

A high level of interest existed in the
community according to site personnel.
Nearby residents were generally
supportive of EPA's efforts because they
wanted the source of contamination to be
addressed.

1.	Superfund Record of Decision Operable
Unit 1. Bayou Bonfouca, Slidell,
Louisiana, August 1985.

2.	Superfund Record of Decision Operable
Unit 2. Bayou Bonfouca, Slidell,
Louisiana, March 1987.

3.	Explanation of Significant Differences.
Bayou Bonfouca, Slidell, Louisiana,
February 1990.

4.	Public Health Assessment Addendum.
Bayou Bonfouca, Slidell, Louisiana,
December 1993.

5.	Bavou Bonfouca Trial Burn Report. IT
Corporation, January 1994.

6.	EPA Region VI Superfund Homepage,
lnternet,(http://www.epa.gov./earth1 r6/6sf/
b-bonfou.pdf) March 24, 1997.

7.	Personal communication with Kevin
Smith, IT Corporation, April 3, 1997.

8.	Personal communication with Mark
Hansen, USEPA, Region 6, June 1997.

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Office

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