TETRATECH

May 19, 2016

Mr. Bradley Vann

Remedial Project Manager

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7

11201 Renner Boulevard

Lenexa, Kansas 66219

Subject: Quality Assurance Project Plan for Soil/Sediment Sampling of Drainage Features,
Revision 02

West Lake Landfill Site, Bridgeton, Missouri
CERCLIS ID: MOD079900932

EPA Region 7, START 4, Contract No. EP-S7-13-06, Task Order No. 0007
Task Monitor: Bradley Vann, Remedial Project Manager

Dear Mr. Vann:

Tetra Tech, Inc. is submitting the attached revised Quality Assurance Project Plan for soil/sediment
sampling of drainage features at the West Lake Landfill site (WLLS) in Bridgeton, Missouri. If you have
any questions or comments, please contact the Project Manager at (816) 412-1775.

Ted Faile, PG, CHMM
START Program Manager

Enclosures

cc: Tom Mahler, On-Scene Coordinator

Debra Dorsey, START Project Officer (cover letter only)

Sincerely,

R

START Project Manager

X9025.14.0007.000

415 Oak Street, Kansas City, MO 64106
Tel 816.412.1741 Fax 816.410.1748 www.tetratech.com


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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR
SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLING OF DRAINAGE FEATURES AT THE
WEST LAKE LANDFILL SITE

Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START) 4
Contract No. EP-S7-13-06, Task Order No. 0007

Prepared For:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 7
Superfund Division
11201 Renner Blvd.

Lenexa, Kansas 66219

February 2, 2016
Revised May 19, 2016

Prepared By:

Tetra Tech, Inc.
415 Oak Street
Kansas City, Missouri 64106
(816)412-1741


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CONTENTS

Section/Table	Page

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FORM	1

TABLE 1: SAMPLE SUMMARY	5

TABLE 2: DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVE SUMMARY	6

Appendix

A SITE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION REGARDING SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLING
B FIGURE

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted BrowiiEelds Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the

West Lake Landfill Site

Project Information:

Site Name: West Lake Landfill Site

City: Bridgelon

State: Missouri

EPA Project Manager

Bfjl#

lev Vann



START Project Manager: Rub Munnig

Approved B):

Title:

Approved By:

Title:



STAR1 Project MiinSger

[Dale

Prepared For: EPA Region 7 Superfund Division

START Prog

J Dale

Approved By;,

Title:

START QA Manager"

Date

Approved B>:

Prepared Bv: Rob Mtumig

Pale: February 201 ft. reviscd M;iv 14, 20|f>

Title:

EPA Project Manager

I Date;

Approved By:

Teiru Teeli START Project Number: X'M)25 i4.(1007.0!HI

Title:

KPA Region 7 Q\ Manager

Dale:

1.0 Project Management:

1.1 Distribution List:

KPA—Region 7 Bntdlej X'umi, KPA Remedial Project Manager
Run Mahler, EPA On-Scene Coordinator
Diane Hauls. Region 7 QA Manage)

START: Rub Mooing. Pioject Managet
Katln Home!, QA Managei

1.2 Project/Task Organisation:

Bradley Varni, of the HPA Region 7 .Superfund Division, will serve as the kPA Project Manager for ihe activities described in ihis QAPP. Rob
Mnnnig. of lelra'lech. Inc.. will serve a* the START Project Manager.

1.3 Problem Kefinitioit/Background:

Description: 1 his site-specific Quality Assurance Piojccl Plan tQAPP) form is prepared an addendum lo the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site
Asses-.ntem and Taigetcd Bi own fields Assessment Programs (updated Oclobet 2012). ami contain-. si le specific data qualiu objectives for the

sampling activities described herein

Description attached.

H Description in leferenced report: ________

Title

Date

1.4 Project/Task Description:

B

CERCL PA

Other (description attached):

~	C>RCl A SI

~	Pie-CFRCLI5

-CFRCLIS Sue Scieening

Biownftelds Assessment
Removal Assessment

Schedule, Sampling is scheduled to occur m Ma\ 7016 and is anticipated to icqum* 1 or 2 days to complcu Luhonttot) anah a-- ot the samples is
anticipated to icquire 2S days

I] Description in referenced report, 	

Title

Date

1.5 Qualify Objectives and Criteria fur Measurement Data:

B Identified in attached table.

Accuracy:

C3 Identified in attached table.

Precision.

Representativeness:

Identified in attached table

Completeness".

Identified in attached table.

Comparability:

Identified in attached table.

Other Description:

A completeness goal of 100 percent has been established for this project. However, if the completeness goal is not met, EPA may still be able to
make site decisions based on any or all of the remaining \alidatcd dala.

1.6 Special Training/Certification Requirements:

OSHA 1'HO
1~1 Special Equipment/Instrument fipciator:
Q Other (describe below >.

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the

West Lake Landfill Site

1.7 Documentation and Records:

Field Sheets
Chain of Custody

Site Log

Health and Safety Plan

~ Trip Report
13 Letter Report

Site Maps
Photos

~ Video

Sample documentation will follow EPA Region 7 SOP 2420.05.

Other: Analytical information will be handled according to procedures identified in Table 2.

2.0 Measurement and Data Acquisition:

2.1	Sampling Process Design:

~	Random Sampling	Q Transect Sampling

~	Search Sampling	Q Systematic Grid
I~1	Screening w/o Definitive Confirmation

153	Sample Map Attached

153 Biased/Judgmental Sampling	Q Stratified Random Sampling

I~1 Systematic Random Sampling	|3 Definitive Sampling

I~1 Screening w/ Definitive Confirmation

The proposed sampling scheme is judgmental, in accordance with the Guidance for Performing Site Inspections Under CERCLA, OSWER Directive
#9345.1-05, September 1992, and Removal Program Representative Sampling Guidance, Volume 1: Soil, OSWER Directive 9360.4-10, November
1991. Judgmental sampling is subjective (biased) selection of sampling locations based on historical information, visual inspection, and best
professional judgment of the sampler(s). Surface soil will be field-screened for gamma radiation by use of real-time instruments, with soil samples
submitted for laboratory radionuclide analysis. See Appendices A and B for additional site-specific information and a sample location map.

Sample Summary Location

Matrix

No. of Samples

Analysis

Discrete surficial soil/sediment samples will be collected
at the West Lake Landfill and adjacent areas that contact
surface water runoff from Areas 1 and 2 of Operable
Unit 1 (OU1). Discrete surficial soil/sediment samples
will be collected within the top 2 inches of these drainage
features. Proposed sample locations are shown on
Figure 1 in Appendix B.

Soil/sediment

Gamma scan (including radium-226), isotopic
uranium, and thorium

2.2 Sample Methods Requirements:

Matrix

Sampling Mrllmil

I. I * \ SOI'IM Milliod-

Soil/sediment

At each location, approximately 1,000 grams
of sample material will be collected within the
top 2 inches of soil/sediment surface by use of
a hand trowel.

SOP 4231.2012

2.3	Sample Handling and Custody Requirements:

I~1	Samples will be packaged and preserved in accordance with procedures defined in Region 7 EPA SOP 2420.06.

13	COC will be maintained as directed by Region 7 EPA SOP 2420.04.

~	Samples will be accepted according to Region 7 EPA SOP 2420.01.

153	Other (Describe): Samples will be packaged and accepted according to procedures established by a START-contracted laboratory.

2.4 Analytical Methods Requirements:

~

Identified in attached table.

Rationale: The requested analyses have been selected to provide an assessment of radionuclides of concern at the West Lake Landfill site, in
soil/sediment samples collected from drainage pathways.

Other (Describe):

2.5	Quality Control Requirements:

~	Not Applicable

~	Identified in attached table.

~	In accordance with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Programs (updated October 2012).
153	Describe Field QC Samples: No field QC samples will be required.

~	Other (Describe):

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the

	West Lake Landfill Site	

2.6 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Requirements:

~ Not Applicable

153 In accordance with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Programs (updated October 2012).
153 Other (Describe): Testing, inspection, and maintenance of analytical instrumentation will proceed in accordance with the previously referenced
SOPs and/or manufacturers' recommendations. Testing, inspection, and maintenance of field instruments (radiation screening instruments,
GPS units, etc.) will proceed in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations.

2.7 Instrument Calibration and Frequency:

~ Not Applicable

153 Inspection/acceptance requirements accord with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment
Programs (updated October 2012).

153 Calibration of laboratory equipment will be performed as described in the SOPs and/or manufacturers' recommendations referenced in Table 1.
153 Other (Describe): Calibration of field instruments (radiation screening instruments, etc.) will be conducted in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations.

2.8 Inspection/Acceptance Requirements for Supplies and Consumables:

~	Not Applicable

153 In accordance with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Programs (updated October 2012).

~	All sample containers will meet EPA criteria for cleaning procedures for low-level chemical analysis. Sample containers will have Level II
certifications provided by the manufacturer in accordance with pre-cleaning criteria established by EPA in Specifications and Guidelines for
Obtaining Contaminant-Free Containers.

153 Other (Describe): Samples will be packaged in food-grade plastic containers or sealable bags.

2.9 Data Acquisition Requirements:

~	Not Applicable

153 In accordance with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Programs (updated October 2012).

~	Previous data/information pertaining to the site (including other analytical data, reports, photos, maps, etc., which are referenced in this QAPP)
have been compiled by EPA and/or its contractor(s) from other sources. Some of that data has not been verified by EPA and/or its
contractor(s); however, the information will not be used for decision-making purposes by EPA without verification by an independent
professional qualified to verify such data/information.

~	Other (Describe):

2.10 Data Management:

~ All laboratory data acquired will be managed in accordance with Region 7 EPA SOP 2410.01.

153 Other (Describe): All laboratory data acquired will be managed according to procedures established by the START-contracted laboratory.

	3.0 Assessment and Oversight:	

3.1 Assessment and Response Actions:

153 Peer Review	£3 Management Review	Q Field Audit	~ Lab Audit

~	Assessment and response actions pertaining to analytical phases of the project are addressed in Region 7 EPA SOPs 2430.06 and 2430.12.

~	Other (Describe):

3.1A Corrective Action:

153 Corrective actions will be taken at the discretion of the EPA Project Manager whenever there appear to be problems that could adversely affect

data quality and/or resulting decisions affecting future response actions pertaining to the site.

~ Other (Describe):

3.2 Reports to Management:

~	Audit Report	|3 Data Validation Report	~ Project Status Report ~ None Required

153 A letter report describing the sampling techniques, locations, problems encountered (with resolutions to those problems), and interpretation of

analytical results will be prepared by Tetra Tech START and submitted to the EPA.

153 Reports will be prepared in accordance with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Programs
(updated October 2012).

~	Other (Describe):

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the

	West Lake Landfill Site	

	4.0 Data Validation and Usability:	

4.1	Data Review, Validation, and Verification Requirements:

~	Identified in attached table:

M Data review and verification will accord with the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment
Programs (updated October 2012).

~	Data review and verification will be performed by a qualified analyst and the laboratory's section manager as described in Region 7 EPA SOPs
2430.06, 2410.10, and 2430.12.

153 Other (Describe): Laboratory analysis by the START-contracted laboratory will accord with guidance in the Multi-Agency Radiological

Laboratory Analytical Protocols Manual (MARLAP) (EPA 2004). START will request fully documented (Level IV) data packages from the
laboratory. The data packages will be validated internally by the laboratory in accordance with MARLAP and the laboratory's established

	SOPs. A START chemist will conduct an external verification and validation of the laboratory data package in accordance with MARLAP.

4.2	V alidation and V erification Methods:

~	Identified in attached table:

~	The data will be validated in accordance with Region 7 EPA SOPs 2430.06, 2410.10, and 2430.12.

M Other (Describe): The data will be validated using methods consistent with validation procedures described in MARLAP (EPA 2004). The
EPA Project Manager will be responsible for overall validation and final approval of the data, in accordance with the projected use of the
results.

4.3 Reconciliation with User Requirements:

~	Identified in attached table:

153 If data quality indicators do not meet the project's requirements as outlined in this QAPP, the data may be discarded and re-sampling or re-
analysis of the subject samples may be required by the EPA Project Manager.

~	Other (Describe):

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the

West Lake Landfill Site

Table 1: Sample Summary

Site Name: West Lake Landfill Site

Location: Bridgeton, Missouri

START Project Manager: Rob Monnig

Activity/ASR #: NA

Date: February 2016; revised May 19, 2016

No. of Samples

Matrix

Location

Purpose

Requested Analysis

Sampling Method

Analytical Method/SOP

5

Soil/sediment

Drainage
features of
the West

Lake
Landfill

Assess soil/sediment
samples collected from

drainage features
receiving surface water
runoff from OU1 of the
West Lake Landfill for
presence of radionuclides
above site-specific
reference levels that
would indicate presence
of radiological-impacted

material (RIM)
associated with the West
Lake Landfill site.

Gamma spectroscopy,
including Ra-226

SOP 4231.2012

LANL ER-130 Modified (or
EML Ga-01-R Modified)
preceded by 21 -day in-
growth of Ra-226 progeny

Isotopic U
(U-234, -235, -238)

EMLU-02 Modified

Isotopic Th
(Th-228, -230, -232)

EML Th-01 Modified

Notes:

ASR	Analytical Services Request

EML	U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) Procedures Manual

NA	Not applicable

LANL	Los Alamos National Laboratory

Ra	Radium

SOP	Standard Operating Procedure

Th	Thorium

U	Uranium

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Region 7 Superfund Program

Addendum to the Generic QAPP for Superfund Site Assessment and Targeted Brownfields Assessment Activities (October 2012) for the West Lake

Landfill Site

Table 2: Data Quality Objective Summary

Site Name: West Lake Landfill Site

Location: Bridgeton, Missouri

START Project Manager: Rob Monnig

Activity/ASR #: N/A (START-contracted laboratory)

Date: February 2016;
revised May 19, 2016

Analysis

Analytical
Method

Data Quality Measurements

Sample
Handling
Procedures

Data
Management
Procedures

Laboratory
Detection
Limit Goal

Accuracy

Precision

Representativeness

Completeness

Comparability

Ra-226
(by gamma
spectroscopy)

See Table 1

1 pCi/g

Per
analytical
method

Per
analytical
method

Surficial
soil/sediment
samples will be
collected from
areas likely in
contact with surface
water runoff or
standing water.

The
completeness
goal is 100%;
however, no
individual
samples have
been identified as
critical samples.

Standardized
procedures will
be used.

See Section
2.3 of
QAPP
form.

See Section
2.10 of QAPP
form.

Other gamma-

emitting
radionuclides
(by gamma
spec.)

See Table 1

Per
analytical
method

Per
analytical
method

Per
analytical
method

Surficial
soil/sediment
samples will be
collected from
areas likely in
contact with surface
water runoff or
standing water.

The
completeness
goal is 100%;
however, no
individual
samples have
been identified as
critical samples.

Standardized
procedures will
be used.

See Section
2.3 of
QAPP
form.

See Section
2.10 of QAPP
form.

Isotopic U
(U-234, -235,
-238)

See Table 1

1 pCi/g

Per
analytical
method

Per
analytical
method

Surficial
soil/sediment
samples will be
collected from
areas likely in
contact with surface
water runoff or
standing water.

The
completeness
goal is 100%;
however, no
individual
samples have
been identified as
critical samples.

Standardized
procedures will
be used.

See Section
2.3 of
QAPP
form.

See Section
2.10 of QAPP
form.

Isotopic Th
(Th-228, -230,
-232)

See Table 1

1 pCi/g

Per
analytical
method

Per
analytical
method

Surficial
soil/sediment
samples will be
collected from
areas likely in
contact with surface
water runoff or
standing water.

The
completeness
goal is 100%;
however, no
individual
samples have
been identified as
critical samples.

Standardized
procedures will
be used.

See Section
2.3 of
QAPP
form.

See Section
2.10 of QAPP
form.

Notes:



ASR

Analytical Services Request

pCi/g

PicoCuries per gram

QAPP

Quality Assurance Project Plan

Ra

Radium

Th

Thorium

U

Uranium

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APPENDIX A

SITE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION REGARDING
SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLING


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INTRODUCTION

The Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START) has
been tasked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist with soil/sediment sampling
within surface water runoff drainage features at the West Lake Landfill site (WLLS) in Bridgeton,
Missouri. Rob Monnig of Tetra Tech will serve as the START Project Manager. He will be responsible
for ensuring that the study proceeds as described in this Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), and for
providing periodic updates to the client concerning the status of the project, as needed. Bradley Vann will
be the EPA Project Manager for this activity.

START'S tasks will include, but will not be limited to: (1) engaging an analytical laboratory for
radionuclide analysis of collected soil/sediment samples, (2) collecting samples and coordinating their
shipment to the laboratory, (3) assisting EPA with data acquisition and management, and (4) documenting
the sampling efforts. The Tetra Tech START Quality Assurance (QA) Manager will provide technical
assistance, as needed, to ensure that necessary QA issues are adequately addressed.

START will adhere to this QAPP as much as possible, but may alter proposed activities in the field if
warranted by site-specific conditions and unforeseen hindrances that prevent implementation of any
aspect of this QAPP in a feasible manner. Such deviations will be recorded in the site logbook, as
necessary. This QAPP will be available to the field team at all times during sampling activities to serve
as a key reference for the proposed activities described herein.

PROBLEM DEFINITION, BACKGROUND, AND SITE DESCRIPTION

West Lake Landfill is an approximately 200-acre property that includes several closed solid waste landfill
units which accepted wastes for landfilling from the 1940s or 1950s through 2004, plus a solid waste
transfer station, a concrete plant, and an asphalt batch plant. The WLLS is at 13570 St. Charles Rock
Road in Bridgeton, St. Louis County, Missouri, approximately 1 mile north of the intersection of
Interstate 70 and Interstate 270 (see Appendix B, Figure 1). The WLLS was used for limestone quarrying
and crushing operations from 1939 through 1988. Beginning in the late 1940s or early 1950s, portions of
the quarried areas and adjacent areas were used for landfilling municipal refuse, industrial solid wastes,
and construction/demolition debris. In 1973, approximately 8,700 tons of leached barium sulfate residues
(a remnant from the Manhattan Engineer District/Atomic Energy Commission project) was reportedly
mixed with approximately 39,000 tons of soil from the 9200 Latty Avenue site in Hazelwood, Missouri,
transported to the WLLS, and used as daily or intermediate cover material. In December 2004, the
Bridgeton Sanitary Landfill—the last landfill unit to receive solid waste—stopped receiving waste

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pursuant to an agreement with the City of St. Louis to reduce potential for birds to interfere with Lambert
Field International Airport operations.

EPA is planning to sample soil/sediment to assess presence of radiological-impacted material (RIM)
derived from the West Lake Landfill site within selected drainages near the boundaries of Areas 1 and 2
of Operable Unit 1 (OU1). These drainages may have received erosional sediment, possibly containing
RIM eroded and transported from Areas 1 and 2 via surface water runoff. Of particular concern is erosion
that may have occurred during heavy rainfall in the St. Louis area between December 26 and 29, 2015,
when the area received 10 inches of rain or more (University of Missouri 2016).

SAMPLING PROCESS DESIGN AND RATIONALE

Design of and rationale for the sampling process for this study are developed via the 7-step process of
establishing data quality objectives (DQO). This process is described in the EPA documents Data
Quality Objectives Process for Hazardous Waste Site Investigations (EPA QA/G-4HW, January 2000,
EPA/600/R-00/007) and Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process (EPA QA/G-4, February
2006, EPA/240/B-06/001).

Step 1 - State the Problem

Problem Statement

Information is needed to assess if RIM from OU1 has been eroded, transported, and deposited at outfall
areas exiting OU1.

Conceptual Site Model of Environmental Hazard to be Evaluated

Precipitation events could cause erosion and transport of RIM from OU 1. Sampling will occur to assess
for presence of RIM within surface water drainages near the boundaries of Areas 1 and 2 of OU 1.

Step 2 - Identify the Decision

Principal Study Question

Sampling data will be used to answer this principal study question:

Principal Study Question: Do drainage features receiving surface water runoff from OU1 contain
RIM that was possibly eroded and transported from OU 1 and then subsequently deposited into the
drainage features?

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Decision Statement / Alternative Actions

The following decision statement presents alternative actions related to the principal study question:

Decision Statement: If surficial soil/sediment samples collected from drainage features indicate
presence of RIM, additional sampling will be proposed to determine the nature and extent of the
apparent release of RIM cause by erosional runoff.

Step 3 - Identify Inputs to the Decision

The following information is needed to resolve the decision statement.

Sampling Locations

Sampling will target locations seemingly likely to contain variable amounts of deposited erosional
sediment. General locations for sampling, described in Table A-l and depicted on Figure 1 in
Appendix B, were selected because they appear to be drainage features that likely receive surface water
runoff from OU1 Areas 1 and 2.

Because deposited RIM is potentially identifiable by presence of elevated gross gamma radiation
detectable by field instruments, START will begin by surveying surface soils at each of the selected
drainage feature locations using a Ludlum Model 2221 rate meter with a Ludlum Model 44-20 sodium
iodide (Nal) scintillation detector. Survey personnel will scan surface soil in a serpentine pattern. The
detector will be held approximately 6 inches above ground surface while the surveyor moves the detector
at approximately 1 to 2 feet per second. If elevated gross gamma radiation is detected, the area will be
flagged for possible soil sampling. After completing the gamma survey, EPA and START will select a
soil sampling location that appears most likely to contain deposited sediment. Selection of the sampling
location will be based on the best professional judgement of the sampler(s) using results of the gamma
survey, visual inspection of the area, and any historical information to inform the decision. Samples will
be collected within the top 2 inches of soil/sediment by use of a disposable hand trowel and packaged in
food-grade plastic containers or sealable bags. A new, disposable hand trowel will be used at each
sample location. Samples will be dried and homogenized by the analytical laboratory before analysis.

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TABLE A-l

SEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS
WEST LAKE LANDFILL, BRIDGETON, MISSOURI

Proposed
Siimplo II)

Locution Description

Kiilioiiiik*

AC-SED-6

Northeast side of OU1 Area 2, along drainage parallel
and south of St. Charles Rock Road.

This drainage feature likely receives
surface water runoff from OU 1
Areas 1 and 2 during high
precipitation events.

AC-SED-7

AC-SED-8

AC-SED-9

AC-SED-10

Notes:

OU Operable Unit

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Reference Levels for Identifying RIM in Surface Soil

To determine if surface soil/sediment samples collected at the drainage feature locations are characteristic
of RIM, laboratory analytical results from those samples will be compared to reference levels included in
the Supplemental Feasibility Study Report for West Lake Landfill OU-1 (Engineering Management
Support, Inc. 2011), which are based on site background values and risk-based remediation concentrations
listed in EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) directives. The reference levels
are:

Radionuclide	Reference Level (picoCurics per gram)

Combined radium (radium-226 plus radium-228)	7.9

Combined thorium (thorium-230 plus thorium-232) 7.9
Total uranium	54.5

Soil/sediment samples with combined radium, combined thorium, or total uranium exceeding these
reference levels will be considered potentially characteristic of RIM.

Confirm that Appropriate Measurement Methods Exist to Provide the Necessary Data

Detection and quantitation limits of laboratory methods identified in Tables 1 and 2 are appropriate for
comparisons of analytical results to the identified reference levels.

Step 4 - Define the Boundaries of the Study

Target Population

The target population is surface soil/sediment from the drainage features identified in Table A-l that
convey surface water runoff from OU1 Areas 1 and 2.

Spatial and Temporal Boundaries

Soil/sediment samples will be collected from selected drainage features (identified in Table A-l) that
appear likely to convey surface water runoff from Areas 1 or 2 of OU1 during high precipitation events.
Temporal boundaries are not a significant aspect of this study.

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Define the Scale of Decision Making

Individual soil/sediment samples containing combined radium, combined thorium, or total uranium
exceeding the respective reference levels listed above will be considered potentially characteristic of
RIM.

Practical Constraints on Acquiring the Data
No practical constraints have been identified.

Step 5 - Develop a Decision Rule

Individual soil/sediment samples with combined radium, combined thorium, or total uranium exceeding
the respective reference levels will be considered potentially characteristic of RIM. If a sample collected
from a drainage feature is potentially characteristic of RIM, additional sampling will be proposed to
determine the nature and extent of the apparent release of RIM cause by erosional runoff.

Step 6 - Specify Tolerable Limits on Decision Errors

A decision error could occur if RIM is present within a studied drainage feature, but is not collected in the
sample submitted for laboratory analysis. This type of error is not readily quantifiable for evaluation with
respect to numerical tolerable limits, but will be controlled by performance of a surface soil gamma
radiation survey (which would likely identify presence of RIM), and by taking care to collect samples
from the top 2 inches of soil in accordance with the QAPP, within areas that appear most likely to contain
deposited sediment derived from the West Lake site (if no elevated gross gamma readings are detected).

Step 7 - Optimize the Design for Obtaining Data

The data-collection design presented herein is anticipated to provide an effective balance between cost
and ability to meet the DQOs. Collection of eight soil/sediment samples is anticipated for analysis at a
START-contracted laboratory (to be determined).

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REFERENCES

Engineering Management Support, Inc. 2011. Supplemental Feasibility Study, Radiological-Impacted
Material Excavation Alternatives Analysis, West Lake Landfill Operable Unit-1. Final.
December 28.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Multi-Agency Radiological Laboratory Analytical
Protocols Manual (MARLAP). USEPA 402-B-04-001A. July.

University of Missouri, Missouri Climate Center. 2016. December 2015 Weather and Its Impacts on
Missouri, htto://climate.missouri.edu/ Accessed January 25, 2016.

X9025.14.0007.000

7


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APPENDIX B
FIGURE


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Legend

Previous Sediment Sample
Location (January to March 2016)

,—. Proposed Sediment
Sample Location

[J] West Lake Landfill

g|Source: ESRI, ArcGIS Online, World Imagery, 2014	

N

A

350 700

Feet

West Lake Landfill
Bridgeton, Missouri

Figure 1

Proposed Sediment Sampling Locations

It

TETRA TECH

Drawn By: Clayton Hayes

Project No: X9025.0007.000


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