SEPA
September 2024
United States Office of Chemical Safety and
Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention
Risk Evaluation for
Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP)
Systematic Review Supplemental File:
Data Quality Evaluation and Data Extraction Information for
Environmental Release and Occupational Exposure
CASRN: 115-96-8
September 2024
-------
This supplemental file contains information regarding the data extraction and quality evaluation results for data sources
that were considered for the Risk Evaluation for Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) underwent systematic review. EPA
conducted data extraction, and quality evaluation based on author-reported descriptions and results; additional analyses (e.g.,
statistical analyses) potentially conducted by EPA are not contained in this supplemental file. EPA used the TSCA systematic
review process described in the Draft Systematic Review Protocol Supporting TSCA Risk Evaluations for Chemical Substances
(also referred to as the '2021 Draft Systematic Review Protocol').
Data that met the RESO screening criteria during the full-text screening was extracted by three data types, general facility,
occupational exposure, and environmental release, as explained in Section 6.2 of the 2021 Draft Systematic Review Protocol.
Five different data quality evaluation forms were used depending on the data type and condition of use (COU), as explained in
Appendix M of the 2021 Draft Systematic Review Protocol. All references with data points containing monitoring data (e.g.,
measured occupational exposures) underwent data quality evaluation as described in Section M.6.1, using the monitoring data
quality metrics. All references with data points containing environmental release data (e.g., measured or calculated quantities
of chemical release across facility fence line) underwent data quality evaluation as described in Section M.6.2, using the
environmental release data quality metrics. All references with data points containing published models for environmental
release or occupational exposure (e.g., published models used to calculate occupational exposure or environmental releases)
underwent data quality evaluation as described in Section M.6.3, using the published models for environmental release or
occupational exposure quality metrics. All references with data points containing completed exposure or risk assessments (e.g.,
completed exposure or risk assessments containing a broad range of data types) underwent data quality evaluation as described
in Section M.6.4, using the completed exposure or risk assessments quality metrics. All references with data points containing
reports for data or information other than exposure or release data (e.g., process description) underwent data quality evaluation
as described in Section M.6.5, using the reports for data or information other than exposure or release data quality metrics. The
extracted data and their data quality evaluation are available in the tables below.
Additionally, each data type and condition of use is evaluated independently within a given study; therefore, each reference
may have more than one overall quality determination (OQD) to reflect the quality of each outcome and the exposures and
releases more appropriately as described by the study authors. No OQD is determined for each reference, as a whole, if it
contains data from more than one evidence stream.
Page 2 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
HERO ID
Occupational Exposure
Monitoring Data
5098163
16335
6558292
6318028
3012534
3863211
6558535
6558536
4164912
2560628
10170891
5017615
5083520
4167135
947816
7537920
Reference
Page
Beaucham, C. C., Ceballos, D., Page, E. H., Mueller, C., Calafat, A. M., Sjodin, A., Ospina, M., Guardia, La, M., Glassford, E. (2018).
Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HHE-2015-0050-3308, May 2018. Evaluation of Exposure to Metals, Flame Retardants, and Nanoma-
terials at an Electronics Recycling Company.
Bolstad-Johnson, D. M., Burgess, J. L., Crutchfield, C. D., Storment, S., Gerkin, R., Wilson, J. R. (2000). Characterization of firefighter
exposures during fire overhaul. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 61(5):636-641.
Broadwater, K., Ceballos, D., Page, E., Croteau, G., Mueller, C. (2017). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2014-0131-3298, evaluation
of occupational exposure to flame retardants at four gymnastics studios.
Craig, J. A., Ceballos, D. M., Fruh, V., Petropoulos, Z. E., Allen, J. G., Calafat, A. M., Ospina, M., Stapleton, H. M., Hammel, S., Gray,
R., Webster, T. F. (2019). Exposure of nail salon workers to phthalates, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and organophosphate esters: A pilot
study. Environmental Science & Technology 53(24):14630-14637.
Guardia, La, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and
polyurethane foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.
Guardia, La, M. J., Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., Hale, R. C. (2017). Human Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants:
Influence of Airborne Particle Size. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(5):507.
Heitbrink, W. (1993). In-depth survey report: Control technology for autobody repair and painting shops at Team Chevrolet, Colorado
Springs, Colorado.
Heitbrink, W., Cooper, T., Edmonds, M., Bryant, C., Ruch, W. (1993). In-depth survey report: control technology for autobody repair and
painting shops at Valley Paint and Body Shop, Amelia, Ohio.
Muenhor, D., Moon, H. B., Lee, S., Goosey, E. (2018). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust
from a manual e-waste dismantling facility and adjacent communities in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:
Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 53(l):79-90.
Makinen, E., M.S., Makinen, A., M.R., Koistinen, B., J.T., Pasanen, A. L., Pasanen, P. O., Kalliokoski, P. J., Korpi, A. M. (2009). Respi-
ratory and dermal exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and tetrabromobisphenol A at five work environments. Environmental
Science & Technology 43(3):941-947.
NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Poly dimethyl siloxane (silicone
rubber) brooch as a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 208:1002-1007.
Sha, B., Dahlberg, A. K., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L. (2018). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs),
organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home envi-
ronments. Environmental Pollution 241:319-330.
Shen, B., Whitehead, T. P., Gill, R., Dhaliwal, J., Brown, F. R., Petreas, M., Patton, S., Hammond, S. K. (2018). Organophosphate flame
retardants in dust collected from United States fire stations. Environment International 112:41-48.
Sjodin, A., Carlsson, H., Thuresson, K., Sjolin, S., Bergman, A., Ostman, C. (2001). Flame retardants in indoor air at an electronics
recycling plant and at other work environments. Environmental Science & Technology 35(3):448-454.
Stubbings, W. A., Nguyen, L. V., Romanak, K., Jantunen, L., Melymuk, L., Arrandale, V., Diamond, M. L., Venier, M. (2019). Flame
retardants and plasticizers in a Canadian waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) dismantling facility. Science of the Total
Environment 675:594-603.
Page 3 of 252
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7538009 Yu, L., Ru, S., Zheng, X., Chen, S., Guo, H., Gao, G., Zeng, Y., Tang, Y, Mai, B. (2021). Brominated and phosphate flame retardants from
interior and surface dust of personal computers: Insights into sources for human dermal exposure.. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research International 28(10):12566-12575.
Published Models for Exposures or Releases
3222353 Ng, M. G., Tongeren, van, M., Semple, S. (2014). Simulated transfer of liquids and powders from hands and clothing to the mouth. Journal
of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene ll(10):633-644.
Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments
3035885 ATSDR, (2012). Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
3809216 ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
6558307 Grimes, G., Beaucham, C., Grant, M., Ramsey, J. (2019). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2016-0257-3333, May 2019, evaluation
of exposure to metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company.
5155913 (2015). Environmental concentrations and consumer exposure data for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
5185320 NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
5232796 NICNAS, (2016). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier II assessment.
659040 NICNAS, (2001). Priority existing chemical assessment report no. 17: Trisphosphates. Priority existing chemical assessment report
Vol(2001):49.
3808976 OECD, (2011). Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-painting in the automotive refinishing industry.
3827299 OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
3827300 OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
3828838 OECD, (2017). Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
3833136 OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
3840003 OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
6311222 Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
5155526 Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
10480464 U.S. EPA, (2022). Commercial use of automotive detailing products - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environ-
mental releases (Methodology review draft).
10480466 U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
(Revised draft generic scenario).
11182966 U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised
draft).
3827197 U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
-Draft.
6304171 U.S. EPA, (2004). Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Draft.
6311218 U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environ-
mental release - Draft.
6385711 U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases.
Page 4 of 252
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6385715 U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases: Draft.
6549571 U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational expo-
sures and environmental releases. Draft.
8674805 U.S. EPA, (2021). Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases - Final.
Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data
1267867 Burgess, W. A. (1991). Potential exposures in the manufacturing industry—Their recognition and control. :595-674.
6580284 programs, E.O. (1974). Air pollution control engineering and cost study of the paint and varnish industry.
11224652 U.S. Census Bureau, (2022). County Business Patterns: 2020.
11224653 U.S. EPA, (2013). Updating CEB's method for screening-level estimates of dermal exposure.
4565574 U.S. EPA, (2015). TSCA Work Plan Chemical Problem Formulation and Initial Assessment. Chlorinated Phosphate Ester Cluster Flame
Retardants.
956579 U.S. EPA, (2005). Furniture flame retardancy partnership: Environmental profiles of chemical flame-retardant alternatives for low-density
polyurethane foam: Volume 1.
5043338
4635
Environmental Releases
Velazquez-Gomez, M., Hurtado-Fernandez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the
Barcelona urban area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.
Whitmyre, G. K., Driver, J. H., Ginevan, M. E., Tardiff, R. G., Baker, S. R. (1992). Human exposure assessment I: Understanding the
uncertainties. Toxicology and Industrial Health 8(5):297-320.
60
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10442901 CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Industrial application of coatings by spraying.
10442902 CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Professional application of coatings and inks by spraying.
10170891 NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
11204812 Polymers,, J6 (2021). Comment from J6 Polymers LLC regarding end usage characterization of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in
rigid polyurethane foam.
9493521 Schripp, T., Wensing, M. (2009). Emission of VOCs and SVOCs from electronic devices and office equipment. :405-430.
11181053 U.S. EPA, (2022). DMR Data for TCEP, formaldehyde, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane.
46492 U.S. EPA, (1995). AP-42: Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area sources, fifth edition.
7310513 U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 6: Organic chemical process industry. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point
and area sources, fifth edition, AP-42.
7315820 U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 4.2: Introduction to surface coating. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point
and area sources, fifth edition, AP-42.
Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments
3035885 ATSDR, (2012). Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
3809216 ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
5185320 NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
Page 5 of 252
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659040
NICNAS, (2001). Priority existing chemical assessment report no. 17: Trisphosphates. Priority existing chemical assessment report
Vol(2001):49.
86
3808976
OECD, (2011). Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-painting in the automotive refinishing industry.
87
3827298
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario documents on coating industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes).
88
3827299
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
89
3827300
OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
91
3828838
OECD, (2017). Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
92
3833136
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
93
3840003
OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
94
5079084
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on plastic additives.
95
6393282
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on transport and storage of chemicals.
96
6311222
Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
97
10480466
U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
(Revised draft generic scenario).
98
11182966
U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised
draft).
99
3827197
U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
-Draft.
100
6304171
U.S. EPA, (2004). Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Draft.
101
6311218
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environ-
mental release - Draft.
102
6385699
U.S. EPA, (2008). Releases from roll coating and curtain coating operations - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposure and
environmental releases.
103
6385711
U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases.
104
6385715
U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases: Draft.
105
6549571
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational expo-
sures and environmental releases. Draft.
106
8674805
U.S. EPA, (2021). Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases - Final.
107
5349334
Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several
phosphate esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data
108
4565753
CEC, (2015). Enhancing Trilateral Understanding of Flame Retardants and Their Use in Manufactured Items: Supply Chain Analysis of
Select Flame Retardants Contained in Manufactured Items that are Used in Indoor Environments.
110
4296230
CECBP, (2008). Brominated and chlorinated organic chemical compounds used as flame retardants: Materials for the December 4-5, 2008
meeting of the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (CECBP): Scientific Guidance Panel (SGP): Agenda item:
Consideration of potential designated chemicals.
Page 6 of 252
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7330238
ECCC/HC, (2020). Science assessment of plastic pollution.
112
7349020
ERG, (1998). Air emissions inventories, volume 2: Point sources: Chapter 11: Preferred and alternative methods for estimating air
emissions from plastic products manufacturing.
113
7978640
Kim, H., Tanabe, S. I., Koganei, M. (2019). The emission rate of newly regulated chemical substances from building materials. IOP
Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609(4):042046.
114
2942545
Matsukami, H., Tue, N.M., Suzuki, G.,o, Someya, M., Tuyen, L.H., Viet, P.H., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Takigami, H. (2015). Flame
retardant emission from e-waste recycling operation in northern Vietnam: Environmental occurrence of emerging organophosphorus esters
used as alternatives for PBDEs. Science of the Total Environment 514:492-499.
115
6580284
programs, E.O. (1974). Air pollution control engineering and cost study of the paint and varnish industry.
116
4663142
Salthammer, T., Fuhrmann, F., Uhde, E. (2003). Flame retardants in the indoor environment - Part II: release of VOCs (triethylphosphate
and halogenated degradation products) from polyurethane. Indoor Air 13(l):49-52.
117
4565574
U.S. EPA, (2015). TSCA Work Plan Chemical Problem Formulation and Initial Assessment. Chlorinated Phosphate Ester Cluster Flame
Retardants.
119
956579
U.S. EPA, (2005). Furniture flame retardancy partnership: Environmental profiles of chemical flame-retardant alternatives for low-density
polyurethane foam: Volume 1.
120
General Engineering Assessment
Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments
3035885
ATSDR, (2012). Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
121
3809216
ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
122
10284991
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No:
38051-10-4, EINECS No: 253-760-2).
123
5155913
(2015). Environmental concentrations and consumer exposure data for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
134
5185320
NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
135
659040
NICNAS, (2001). Priority existing chemical assessment report no. 17: Trisphosphates. Priority existing chemical assessment report
Vol(2001):49.
136
3808976
OECD, (2011). Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-painting in the automotive refinishing industry.
137
3827298
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario documents on coating industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes).
138
3827299
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
139
3827300
OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
141
3828838
OECD, (2017). Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
142
3833136
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
143
3840003
OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
145
5079084
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on plastic additives.
146
6393282
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on transport and storage of chemicals.
147
6311222
Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
148
5155526
Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
Page 7 of 252
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Table of Contents
10480464 U.S. EPA, (2022). Commercial use of automotive detailing products - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environ-
mental releases (Methodology review draft).
10480466 U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
(Revised draft generic scenario).
11182966 U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised
draft).
3827197 U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
-Draft.
6304171 U.S. EPA, (2004). Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Draft.
6311218 U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environ-
mental release - Draft.
6385711 U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases.
6385715 U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and
environmental releases: Draft.
6549571 U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational expo-
sures and environmental releases. Draft.
8674805 U.S. EPA, (2021). Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases - Final.
5349334 Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several
phosphate esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data
10604374 America,, TCI (2018). Safety Data Sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, P0268.
10604372 Biotechnology,, S.C. (2018). Safety data sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, SC-229621.
16335 Bolstad-Johnson, D. M., Burgess, J. L., Crutchfield, C. D., Storment, S., Gerkin, R., Wilson, J. R. (2000). Characterization of firefighter
exposures during fire overhaul. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 61(5):636-641.
1267867 Burgess, W. A. (1991). Potential exposures in the manufacturing industry—Their recognition and control. :595-674.
4565753 CEC, (2015). Enhancing Trilateral Understanding of Flame Retardants and Their Use in Manufactured Items: Supply Chain Analysis of
Select Flame Retardants Contained in Manufactured Items that are Used in Indoor Environments.
4296230 CECBP, (2008). Brominated and chlorinated organic chemical compounds used as flame retardants: Materials for the December 4-5, 2008
meeting of the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (CECBP): Scientific Guidance Panel (SGP): Agenda item:
Consideration of potential designated chemicals.
10442901 CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Industrial application of coatings by spraying.
10442902 CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Professional application of coatings and inks by spraying.
10604006 CharCoat, (2017). Safety data sheet: 2017-2018, CharCoat CC.
10604008 CharCoat, (2019). Technical data sheet: CharCoat CC cable coating.
7537959 Chupeau, Z., Bonvallot, N., Mercier, F., Bot, Le, B., Chevrier, C., Glorennec, P. (2020). Organophosphorus flame retardants: A global
review of indoor contamination and human exposure in Europe and epidemiological evidence. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health 17(18):6713.
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10604010
8775306
10604005
7349020
1676728
10604134
10604137
10604143
10604144
6766298
9493525
6558307
3012534
4168432
6766303
6766299
79051
2942545
10170891
10604191
5466433
5469249
9493527
10604581
10604582
Duratec, (2018). Safety Data Sheet: Grey fire-resistant primer.
Ekpe, O. D., Choo, G., Barcelo, D., Oh, J. E. (2020). Chapter One - Introduction of emerging halogenated flame retardants in the
environment. 88:1-39.
Enterprises,, BJB (2017). Safety data sheet: TC-800 part A.
ERG, (1998). Air emissions inventories, volume 2: Point sources: Chapter 11: Preferred and alternative methods for estimating air
emissions from plastic products manufacturing.
Fang, M., Webster, T. F., Gooden, D., Cooper, E. M., McClean, M. D., Carignan, C., Makey, C., Stapleton, H. M. (2013). Investigating
a novel flame retardant known as V6: measurements in baby products, house dust, and car dust. Environmental Science & Technology
47(9):4449-4454.
FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. 40-40A - white and pastel tints.
FCC, (2011). Technical data sheet: Flame control no. 40-40A.
FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. 5050 white and pastel tints.
FCC, (2010). Technical Data Sheet: Flame control No. 50-50 foam kote.
Fent, K. W., Horn, G. P., DeCrane, S. (2015). Firefighters' perspective on flame retardants.
Fink, J. K. (2010). Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers. :211-267.
Grimes, G., Beaucham, C., Grant, M., Ramsey, J. (2019). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2016-0257-3333, May 2019, evaluation
of exposure to metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company.
Guardia, La, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and
polyurethane foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.
Hahladakis, J. N., Velis, C. A., Weber, R., Iacovidou, E., Purnell, P. (2018). An overview of chemical additives present in plastics:
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Table of Contents
10604583
10604584
11204812
10604352
10604368
10604369
6580284
10604370
10604009
10604373
8775303
5163392
386928
10180886
4565574
46492
5113326
7310513
7315820
956579
5043338
10604375
10186966
9493523
7538124
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Table of Contents
5164231 Young, A. S., Allen, J. G., Kim, U. J., Seller, S., Webster, T. F., Kannan, K., Ceballos, D. M. (2018). Phthalate and Organophosphate Plas- 252
ticizers in Nail Polish: Evaluation of Labels and Ingredients. Environmental Science & Technology 52(21): 12841-12850. [Environmental
science & technology].
Page 11 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5098163 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Beaucham, C. C., Ceballos, D., Page, E. H., Mueller, C., Calafat, A. M., Sjodin, A., Ospina, M., Guardia, La, M., Glassford, E. (2018). Health Hazard
Evaluation Report: HHE-2015-0050-3308, May 2018. Evaluation of Exposure to Metals, Flame Retardants, and Nanomaterials at an Electronics Recycling
Company.
5098163
Recycling
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Number of workers:
Comments:
Duties involved disassembly (five participants), shredding (three), batteries (four), sorting (six), shipping/receiving (one), and office work (two)
dermal, inhalation
ND (ng/mA3) (Pg. 22 of 80), 29 samples
Dermal exposure data
15
post-shift dermal - ND - 310 (ng/sample), 20 samplesNote: This appears to be a more recent report and could help determine how much recycling of TCEP still
occurs
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
High
Sampling/analytical methodology is equivalent to an approved OSHA/NIOSH method.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for recycling, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Sample type and exposure type provided but missing number of sites, exposure duration,
exposure frequency, engineering control, PPE .
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by taking both dermal and personal breathing zone samples, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 12 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 16335 Table: 1 of 1
Bolstad-Johnson, D. M., Burgess, J. L., Crutchfield, C. D., Storment, S., Gerkin, R., Wilson, J. R. (2000). Characterization of firefighter exposures during
fire overhaul. American Industrial Hygiene Association lournal 61(5):636-641.
16335
Firefighters (includes as PESS)
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Exposure duration:
Personal protective equipment:
Comments:
"overhaul activities" - the stage of firefighting where suppression of the fire is complete and firefighters are searching the structure for hidden fire and/or hot
embers
inhalation
dust
8.01 mg/m3 average respirable dust (Table VI)
1.82 mg/m3 average total dust
overhaul phase lasts an average of 30 mins
Firefighters typically wear SCBA type respirators while actively fighting the fire but the assumption in this article is that, presumably the firefighters remove the
PPE once the active stage is over and are then exposed
This article does not specifically mention TCEP
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Sampling and Analytical Methodology High Sampling or analytical methodology is an approved OSHA or NIOSH method or is well
described and found to be equivalent to approved OSHA or NIOSH methods
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Firefighters will be included as a PESS, therefore the report is for an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Metric 3:
Applicability
High
Metric 4:
Temporal Representativeness
Medium
Even though the data is over 20 years old; operations, equipment, and worker activities
are expected to be reasonably representative of current conditions.
Metric 5:
Sample Size
High
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High Monitoring data include all associated metadata, including sample types, exposure types,
sample durations, exposure durations worker activities, and exposure frequency.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness High The monitoring study addresses variability in the determinants of exposure for the sam-
pled site or sector. The monitoring study addresses uncertainty in the exposure estimates
or uncertainty can be determined from the sampling and analytical method.
Continued on next page ...
Page 13 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 16335 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
Bolstad-Johnson, D. M., Burgess, J. L., Crutchfield, C. D., Storment, S., Gerkin, R., Wilson, J. R. (2000). Characterization of firefighter exposures during
fire overhaul. American Industrial Hygiene Association lournal 61(5):636-641.
HERO ID:
16335
Conditions of Use:
Firefighters (includes as PESS)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric
Rating Comments
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 14 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6558292 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Broadwater, K., Ceballos, D., Page, E., Croteau, G., Mueller, C. (2017). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2014-0131-3298, evaluation of occupational
exposure to flame retardants at four gymnastics studios.
HERO ID: 6558292
Conditions of Use: Flexible polyurethane foam
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure duration:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Comments:
Foam replacement and gymnastic studio cleaning
dermal; inhalation
Dermal exposure data
4 hours on average (range 1 - 8.5 hrs)
18-20
Filtering facepiece respirators, gloves (the N95's were provided to the employees on a voluntarily basis, however the employees were not given Appendix D from
OSHA which is a violation of the respiratory protection standard, it is also unclear if the employees were properly fitted with the N95s)
Dermal exposure data: pg 18 (Table 6). 38 preshift and 38 postshift samples (handwipe sampling). Exposure duration: 4 hours (average). There is a lot of context
in this article regarding handwashing and time spent on activity and exposure level.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology High Sampling/analytical methodology is an approved NIOSH method.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
High Data are for flexible polyurethane foam, an in-scope occupational scenario.
High Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Medium Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (range, mean) but discrete sam-
ples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Sample type and exposure type provided but missing some metadata (i.e., exposure
frequency).
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by sampling before and after foam replacement, but uncertainty is
not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 15 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6318028 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Craig, J. A., Ceballos, D. M., Fruh, V., Petropoulos, Z. E., Allen, 1. G., Calafat, A. M., Ospina, M., Stapleton, H. M., Hammel, S., Gray, R., Webster, T. F.
(2019). Exposure of nail salon workers to phthalates, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and organophosphate esters: A pilot study. Environmental Science &
Technology 53(24): 14630-14637.
HERO ID: 6318028
Conditions of Use: Commercial use
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description: nail technicians/nail salon owners working in salons with primarily general nail salon services; procedures included regular, acrylic, or gel manicure, refill, and
pedicure
Personal sampling data: Personal air samples: only 11.1% of lapel samples above the LOD (30.6 ng/g), median <30.6 ng/g, and range from <30.6 ng/g to 56.2 ng/g (9 samples taken); all
wrist samples were below LOD
Exposure duration: work between 6-11 hours per day; nail salon workers employed 20-50 hours per week; worked in industry in range from less than one year to 33 years
Comments: The air monitoring data does not constitute personal breathing zone data. The reported concentration is concentration of analyte on a matrix and not concentration
of analyte in air.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
High Data are for commercial use of personal care products containing organophosphate
esters, an in-scope occupational scenario.
High Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
High Statistical distribution of results fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by using lapel and wrist sampling and various nail salons, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 16 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3012534 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Guardia, La, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and polyurethane
foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.
3012534
Commercial Use - Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Area sampling data:
Particle size characterization:
Inhalation (dust)
Dust
Dust samples from houses ranged from 0.3 - 5.1 (micrograms TCEP/grams dust) with a mean of 2.5 (micrograms TCEP/grams dust). Dust samples from gyms
ranged from 0.6 - 1.8 (micrograms TCEP/grams dust) with a mean of 1.18 (micrograms TCEP/grams dust). (Table 2 on pg. 5/9)
Respirable size particles were not detected (Table 3 on pg. 6/9 and text on pg. 7/9)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
High
Sampling or analytical methodology is an approved OSHA or NIOSH method or is well
described and found to be equivalent to approved OSHA or NIOSH methods.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The data are for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Article is less than 10 years old
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Monitoring data include most critical metadata, such as sample type and exposure type,
but lacks additional metadata, such as sample durations, exposure durations, exposure
frequency, and/orworker activities.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
The monitoring study provides only limited discussion of the variability in the deter-
minants of exposure for the sampled site or sector. The monitoring study provides only
limited discussion of theuncertainty in the exposure estimates.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 17 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3863211 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Guardia, La, M. J., Schreder, E. D., Uding, N., Hale, R. C. (2017). Human Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants: Influence of
Airborne Particle Size. International lournal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(5):507.
3863211
Use of foam products (lab use as a standard)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Comments:
vary by site
inhalation, ingestion
dust
Inhalable (>4 um) - nd-77.8 (89%) 19.1 (mean): Respirable (<4 um) - nd (0%) 0.75 (mean)
A total of 18 indoor environments were sampled. These included 14 common indoor spaces (i.e., residence/office (n = 10) [23], four coach residences, and four
gymnasiums
12.9 - 24.6 hours
1 day per person
Number of samples: 10 individuals. Type of method/sampling PBZ; 24-hr sampling. See pg 11 for possibly useful digestion data
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are composite 24-hr samples that include general office and gym settings (applica-
ble) and all other (non-occupational) settings in the day (home, transit, socializing, etc.),
which may be applicable for in-scope occupational scenarios.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (range, mean) but discrete sam-
ples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology. Variability addressed by
sampling at multiple sites.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 18 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6558535 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Heitbrink, W. (1993). In-depth survey report: Control technology for autobody repair and painting shops at Team Chevrolet, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
6558535
Paints and coatings
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Exposure duration:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
Comments:
Spray painting (auto refinish shops)
inhalation
mist and dust
Table 3 summarizes total dust results (with ranges and statistical data - geometric mean and std. deviation); appendix provides raw data
Table 3 summarizes total dust results (with ranges and statistical data - geometric mean and std. deviation); appendix provides raw data
Varies with test
13
half face-piece, air-purifying respirators with organic vapor cartridges and spray painting prefilters
General discussion regarding use of spray booth (cross ventilation)
PDs provided for cross draft spray painting booths in auto refinish shops. May be directly applicable if determined TCEP in auto painting or as an analogous use
if spray application to other substrates.Number of samples: Several samples at various locations (table 3). Method: Total Dust: NIOSH 0500. Location: Two
booths and 3 locations per booth: PBZ and 2 area sampling (spray booth and near exhaust filters)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
High
Sampling/analytical methodology is an approved NIOSH method.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
High
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for spray application for autorefinishing, which is similar to the in-scope occu-
pational scenario [spray application of coatings and paints]
Monitoring data are greater than 20 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology. Variability addressed by
sampling in multiple spray booths at 3 similar sample locations
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 19 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6558536 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Heitbrink, W., Cooper, T., Edmonds, M., Bryant, C., Ruch, W. (1993). In-depth survey report: control technology for autobody repair and painting shops
at Valley Paint and Body Shop, Amelia, Ohio.
6558536
Paints and Coatings
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Exposure duration:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
inhalation
mist
Table 4 summarizes paint mist results (with ranges and statistical data - geometric mean and std. deviation); appendix provides raw data
Table 4 summarizes paint mist results (with ranges and statistical data - geometric mean and std. deviation); appendix provides raw dataNumber of samples:
Seven samples at three locations (personal, under car, near wall). Method: Total Dust: NIOSH 0500. Location: 3 locations per booth: PBZ and 2 area sampling
(under car and near wall)
Varies with test
7
half face-piece, air-purifying respirators during some sanding and welding; positive pressure air-supplied half-facepiece when silica sand is present. Also, rubber
gloves and disposable clothing.
General discussion regarding use of spray booth (down draft ventilation)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
High
Sampling/analytical methodology is an approved NIOSH method.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
High
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for spray application for autorefinishing, which is similar to the in-scope occu-
pational scenario [spray application of coatings and paints]
Monitoring data are greater than 20 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology. Variability addressed by
sampling in multiple spray booths at 3 similar sample locations
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 20 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 4164912 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Muenhor, D., Moon, H. B., Lee, S., Goosey, E. (2018). Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust from a manual
e-waste dismantling facility and adjacent communities in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances &
Environmental Engineering 53(1 ):79-90.
HERO ID: 4164912
Conditions of Use: Recycling (a manual e-waste dismantling facility)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Comments:
floor dust from facility, road dust in facility viscinity
Inhalation, ingestion
solid (dust)
No actual sampling - concentrations in dust that likely help inform exposure assessment: floor dust - 3.8 (ng/g); road dust - 5.6 (ng/g). Also contains estimates for
ingestion, see Table-6.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
High
Medium
Data are from Thailand, a non-OECD country.
Data are for recycling, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology but variability is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 21 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 2560628 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Makinen, E., M.S., Makinen, A., M.R., Koistinen, B., J.T., Pasanen, A. L., Pasanen, P. O., Kalliokoski, P. J., Korpi, A. M. (2009). Respiratory and dermal
exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and tetrabromobisphenol A at five work environments. Environmental Science & Technology 43(3):941-
947.
HERO ID: 2560628
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into article (Furniture Workshop) and Recycling (2 different Electronics Dismantling Facilities)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Comments:
Inhalation, dermal
See reference
See reference
Dermal exposure data
The relevant data points are associated with the Furniture shop and the Electronic Dismantling Facilities.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
High
Sampling/analytical methodology is equivalent to an approved OSFIA/NIOSFI method.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Finland, an OECD country.
Data are for recycling and furniture, in-scope occupational scenarios.
Monitoring data are greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by taking personal breathing zone, area, and dermal samples, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 22 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 10170891 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
10170891
May apply to more than 1 COU
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Area sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Number of workers:
Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used (p. 19)
Section 6.1 provides environmental fate/exposure summary. E.g., "If released to air, a vapor pressure of 6.13X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates tris(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere (p. 19)."
Note: See 6.2 for data summaries from other published studies.TCEP detected in the air of a recycling electronic products plant at 15-36 ng/cu m in the dismantling
hall, 28-34 ng/cu m in shredder during processing of plastics without brominated additives, and 33-38 ng/cu m in the shredder during processing of plastics
containing brominated additives (p. 19). See: Sjoedin A et al; Environ Sci Technol 35: 448-54 (2001)See table on p. 20 for concentrations in different
occupational media - inhalable air, particles, absorbent patches, hand wash samples - for circuit board factory and electronics dismantling (plus furniture shop,
computer classroom, and offices) (p. 20).See: Makinen MSE et al; Environ Sci Technol 43: 941-7 (2009)"Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was detected in a theater
sample collected in Zurich, Switzerland at 36 ng/cu m... Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was detected in a kindergarten and lecture room at 3 and 9 ng/cu m,
respectively(5). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was detected at <0.2-23 ng/cu m in unspecified indoor air samples taken in Norway" (pg 25)
nan
See section 6.2 probable routes of human exposure. Notes 2006 TSCA inventory reporting data estimate of 100-999 persons likely exposed in industrial manu-
facturing, processing, and use; states that this number may be "greatly underestimated" (p. 19).Notes that "NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically
estimated that 5073 workers (578 of these are female) were potentially exposed" (p. 19)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Low
Sampling/analytical methodology is not specified.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from various OECD countries.
Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios.
Monitoring data are greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Sample type and exposure type provided but missing most other metadata.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by sampling at multiple sites. Uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 23 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5017615 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Okeme, J. O., Nguyen, L. V., Lorenzo, M., Dhal, S., Pico, Y., Arrandale, V. H., Diamond, M. L. (2018). Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone rubber) brooch as
a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 208:1002-1007.
5017615
Consumer use of various products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Exposure duration:
Comments:
using computer workstations in offices
airborne vapors or particles
Three participants: 27, 36, and 34 ng/m3 measured personal air concentration; median as 34 ng/m3
8hr working day
Data is for air quality in areas that have products suspected of containing TCEP
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
High
High
Data are from Canada, an OECD country.
Data are for consumer and general office exposures, which is similar to the the in-scope
occupational scenario for commercial uses.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 24 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5083520 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Sha, B., Dahlberg, A. K., Wiberg, K., Ahrens, L. (2018). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus
flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments. Environmental Pollution
241:319-330.
5083520
Commercial use, Consumer use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Exposure route: inhalation
Physical form: vapor and dust particles in indoor air
Area sampling data: Area sampling data for TCEP in various occupational environments (lab, office, dining area, lecture room, computer room) provided graphically in pg/m3; exact
values may be provided in supplementary data (separate document); TCEP had highest detection frequency of organophosphate flame retardants at a detection
frequency of 73%; sample results ranged from <9.4 pg/m3 to 240 pg/m3
Engineering control: Forced ventilation in laboratories likely reduced the air concentrations
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Sampling and Analytical Methodology Medium Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
High
Data are from Sweden, an OECD country.
Data pertain to occupational exposure in buildings (e.g., offices and laboratories.) Such
exposure may be the result of commercial uses of TCEP that are in scope (e.g., use in
coatings.)
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data provided,
but in separate supplemental data).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Variability is stated as ranges of concentrations of analytes, and uncertainty is discussed
by the discussion of mean recovery +/- standard deviation of internal standards.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 25 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 4167135 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Shen, B., Whitehead, T. P., Gill, R., Dhaliwal, J., Brown, F. R., Petreas, M., Patton, S., Hammond, S. K. (2018). Organophosphate flame retardants in dust
collected from United States fire stations. Environment International 112:41-48.
HERO ID: 4167135
Conditions of Use: Commercial Uses - Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description: Fire station dust collected via vacuum; TCEP may be from textiles or use in polyurethane foams
Physical form: dust at fire stations
Area sampling data: Data located in Table 1: minimum 178 ng/g, median 1040 ng/g, mean 1320 ng/g, maximum 4660 ng/g
Comments: Dust exposures more relevant to ambient environmental monitoring
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for end product uses with unknown sources (ambient exposures), which may
be similar to the the in-scope occupational scenarios for commercial uses of consumer
products such as furniture or textiles.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (min, max, mean, median) but
discrete samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Sample identified as dust samples collected via vacuum, but no other metadata related to
exposures or TCEP sources provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by comparing dust concentrations in various settings, including
houses and dorms, as well as across states. Uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 26 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 4167135 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Shen, B., Whitehead, T. P., Gill, R., Dhaliwal, J., Brown, F. R., Petreas, M., Patton, S., Hammond, S. K. (2018). Organophosphate flame retardants in dust
collected from United States fire stations. Environment International 112:41-48.
HERO ID: 4167135
Conditions of Use: Consumer products - Foam Seating and Bedding Products
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description: Fire station dust collected via vacuum; TCEP may be from textiles or use in polyurethane foams
Physical form: dust at fire stations
Area sampling data: Data located in Table 1: minimum 178 ng/g, median 1040 ng/g, mean 1320 ng/g, maximum 4660 ng/g
Comments: Dust exposures more relevant to ambient environmental monitoring
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for end product uses with unknown sources (ambient exposures), which may
be similar to the the in-scope occupational scenarios for commercial uses of consumer
products such as furniture or textiles.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (min, max, mean, median) but
discrete samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Sample identified as dust samples collected via vacuum, but no other metadata related to
exposures or TCEP sources provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by comparing dust concentrations in various settings, including
houses and dorms, as well as across states. Uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 27 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 947816 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Sjodin, A., Carlsson, H., Thuresson, K., Sjolin, S., Bergman, A., Ostman, C. (2001). Flame retardants in indoor air at an electronics recycling plant and at
other work environments. Environmental Science & Technology 35(3):448-454.
HERO ID: 947816
Conditions of Use: Recycling
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description: "At this plant discarded electronic equipment, such as computers, printers, TV sets, microwave ovens, and numerous other electronic goods, are dismantled in
order to recover valuable metals and dispose adequately of hazardous components... The dismantling process is performed manually using pneumatic tools. The
electronic goods are separated into several types of materials, i.e., plastics, printed circuit boards, cables, metals, and hazardous waste. Plastic housings and other
plastic components are shredded to reduce their volume." (pg 2-3)
Exposure route: inhalation
Physical form: dust
Area sampling data: Dismantling hall: 25 (15-36) ng/m3; Shredder (non-BFR): 28, 34 ng/m3; Shredder (BFR): 33, 38 ng/m3 (pg 4)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Sweden, an OECD country.
Data are for recycling, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Worker activity (dismantling products for disposal) could be expected to be reasonable
representative of current operations, however, Monitoring data is 20 years old (article
published in 2001).
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Sample type and exposure type provided but missing exposure duration, exposure fre-
quency, engineering control, PPE.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 28 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 7537920 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Stubbings, W. A., Nguyen, L. V., Romanak, K., Jantunen, L., Melymuk, L., Arrandale, V., Diamond, M. L., Venier, M. (2019). Flame retardants and
plasticizers in a Canadian waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) dismantling facility. Science of the Total Environment 675:594-603.
7537920
Recycling/Disposal
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Area sampling data:
Engineering control:
samples collected from waste electrical and electronic equipment dismantling facility
dust and air inhalation
TCEP used as additive plasticizer and viscosity regulator with flame retarding properties for the production of unsaturated polyester resins, acrylic resins, adhesives,
and coatings; potentially present in electronic products being recycled
median dust concentration: 8500 ng/g; median air concentration: 19 ng/m3
lack of ventilation systems
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
Medium
Data are from Canada, an OECD country.
Data are for recycling/disposal, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (detection frequency, median, and
range) but discrete samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology but variability is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 29 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 7538009 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Yu, L., Ru, S., Zheng, X., Chen, S., Guo, H., Gao, G., Zeng, Y., Tang, Y., Mai, B. (2021). Brominated and phosphate flame retardants from interior
and surface dust of personal computers: Insights into sources for human dermal exposure.. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
28(10): 12566-12575.
HERO ID: 7538009
Conditions of Use: Consumer Exposure(s)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Exposure route: dermal contact to dust
Physical form: dust on external and internal surfaces of computers
Dermal exposure data: Dermal exposure data
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Sampling and Analytical Methodology
Medium
Sampling/analytical methodology is not an approved OSHA/NIOSH method but is an
acceptable methodology.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
Low
High
Medium
Data are from China, which is a non-OECD country.
Data are for consumer use of computers, which may be applied to in-scope occupational
scenarios for dust exposures to TCEP-containing products during commercial use.
Monitoring data are no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (median and range) but discrete
samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All metadata provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty is addressed in sampling/analytical methodology. Variability addressed by
multiple computers tested in different areas.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 30 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Occupational Exposure HERO ID: 3222353 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Ng, M. G., Tongeren, van, M., Semple, S. (2014). Simulated transfer of liquids and powders from hands and clothing to the mouth. Journal of Occupational
and Environmental Hygiene ll(10):633-644.
HERO ID: 3222353
Conditions of Use: Multiple
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Exposure route: oral
Physical form: Liquids, solids
Dermal exposure data: Dermal exposure data
Comments: Task 1: Direct and Indirect TEs From Hand-to-mouth ContactTask 2: Direct and Indirect TEs From Glove-to-mouth ContactTask 3: Transfer While Putting a
Respirator on and Taking it offTask 4: Transfer When Wiping the Mouth with the ArmTask 5: Object-to-mouth Transfer
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology Medium The model is based on scientifically sound approaches, however, the model does not
take into account evaporation or absorption. The experimentally determined TEs may be
useful and the model may be adapted to account for those factors.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Medium
High
High
The data are from the U.K., an OECD country.
Model can be applied to occupational scenarios where inadvertent oral exposure is
likely.
Data was published in 2014, so generally no more than 10 years old.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 5:
Metadata Completeness
High
Model approach, equations, and choice of parameter values are transparent and clear and
can be evaluated. Rationale for selection of approach, equations, and parameter values is
provided.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
The model characterizes variability (e.g., study tests several different factors in varying
transfer efficiencies) and uncertainty in the results (contains a limitation section).
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 31 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3035885 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: ATSDR, (2012). Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
HERO ID: 3035885
Conditions of Use: Various
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Number of workers:
inhalation, dermal
present in rigid and flexible polyurethane foam and some textiles; liquids in pure form, may be aerosolized; used as plasticizer, flame retardant, lacquer/paint/glue,
industrial processing chemical
5073 total number of workers exposed based on NIOSH 1981-1983
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are applicable to general processing and use COUs, which may be in-scope.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 32 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Occupational Exposure HERO ID: 3809216 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
HERO ID: 3809216
Conditions of Use: Manufacturing, Processing - Incorporation into a formulation, Processing - Incorporation into an article, Industrial and Commercial Uses,
Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Engineering control:
Comments:
Production of TCEP: exposure may occur during coupling and uncoupling of transfer lines, drumming, cleaning, maintenance, repair works and the taking of
process samples...Processing into polymers and formulations: transporting and filling, mixing on site with additives and the base polymers or resins, adjusting
and filling the products into drums or other containers; TCEP is brought to the customer sites mainly in tanks, to a less extent in drums. The substance is filled
into storage tanks equipped with fixed pipelines to the location of further processing. The further processing is performed in closed systems and filling of the final
product....Use of formulations and products: "Lacquers and paints are applied by brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping or covering by pouring. Spraying may be
performed manually or automatically"
inhalation, dermal
release of TCEP from plastic products; aerosolized forms of products
Summary in Table 4.1.1.6 starting on pg 70 of PDF...Production of TCEP: 0-1.2 mg/m3 (inhalation), 0.1-1 mg/cm2/day (dermal)...Processing into polymers
and formulations: 0-1.2 mg/m3 (inhalation), 0.1-1 mg/cm2/day (dermal)...Use of formulations and products: 8.3 mg/m3 (inhalation) with ratio used of 1/3 of
TCEP concentration in paint for spray applications, use 0-1.2 mg/m3 (inhalation) in other cases where no spray application, 1-5 mg/cm2/day (dermal) for spray
applications with aerosol droplets, use 0.1-1 mg/cm2/day (dermal) for applications without droplet formation
Dermal exposure data
full shift, although transfer and drumming expected during only part of the day
daily for work days
local exhaust ventilation
Used EASE model and ratio of exposure in relation to isocyanates present in paints
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Assessment uses high quality models from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium Data are from the EU, which includes OECD countries.
High Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios.
Medium Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty is addressed by model documentation. Variability addressed by different
aerosolized or non-aerosolized uses and various exposure scenarios.
Continued on next page ...
Page 33 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3809216 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
3809216
Manufacturing, Processing - Incorporation into a formulation, Processing - Incorporation into an article, Industrial and Commercial Uses,
Disposal
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 34 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6558307 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Grimes, G., Beaucham, C., Grant, M., Ramsey, J. (2019). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2016-0257-3333, May 2019, evaluation of exposure to
metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company.
6558307
Recycling
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Area sampling data:
Personal protective equipment:
Electronic recycling, disassembly, refurbishing and resale
Inhalation, dermal
PBZ: ND - 5.7 (ng/mA3)
Table 4 has hand wipe data, Table 5 has surface wipe data, Table 6 and Table 7 have PBZ data
The company completed a job hazard analysis for all departments or tasks. Each job hazard analysis included the recommended PPE; specifically, safety glasses,
steel-toed boots, cutresistant gloves, chemical-resistant gloves, ear plugs, and voluntary use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators. We observed employees wearing
ear plugs and respirators incorrectly. For example, employees did not fully insert ear plugs into the ear canal. Employees had been trained on using and storing
respirators. However, we observed that some respirators were stored incorrectly in open boxes. Employees had received a copy of Appendix D of the OSHA
respiratory protection standard (29 Code of Federal Regulation [CFR] 1910.134).
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
High
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for recycling, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by sampling pre- and post-shift but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 35 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5155913 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
(2015). Environmental concentrations and consumer exposure data for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID:
5155913
Conditions of Use:
Unspecified office settings
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Exposure route: inhalation
Physical form: dust
Personal sampling data: Table 2-3 summarizes data from four sources in Japan and Sweden. Ranges, and sometimes median values provided for concentrations in the "workplace" or
"office" (note, summary data and table are very similar to similar data in HERO 5155526 from same authors)
Area sampling data: Table 2-3 summarizes data from four sources in Japan and Sweden. Ranges, and sometimes median values provided for concentrations in the "workplace" or
"office" (note, summary data and table are very similar to similar data in HERO 5155526 from same authors)
Comments: The exposures provided in this source are related to consumer/general population. This particular form my not be relevant for the engineering portion of the RE.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low
Assessment does not specifiy the techniques/methods used (original data sources briefly
discussed).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Data are from Japan/Sweden/China, OECD countries.
The assessment is for a non-occupational scenario
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (ranges, median) but discrete
samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting sampling data for multiple sites and presenting
ranges, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Low
Page 36 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5185320 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
HERO ID:
5185320
Conditions of Use:
Industrial/Commercial Uses
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Exposure route: exposure may occur via inhalation, dermal or oral (hand-to-mouth, ingestion of settled dust or mouthing activities) routes
Comments: exposure estimates provided for consumer exposures
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are generic and likely include consumer exposures, which is similar to in-scope
occupational scenarios
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 37 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5232796 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: NICNAS, (2016). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier II assessment.
HERO ID: 5232796
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into a formulation, Commercial/Industrial Uses
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Comments:
During product formulation, oral, dermal and inhalation exposure may occur, particularly where manual or open processes are used. These could include transfer
and blending activities, quality control analysis, and cleaning and maintaining equipment. Worker exposure to the chemical at lower concentrations could also
occur while using formulated products containing the chemical,
inhalation, oral
This only provides some very general statements about uses previously reported in Australia
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are for incorporation into a formulation or use o TCEP-containing products, which
are in-scope occupational scenarios.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results relevant to occupational exposures are provided but underlying meth-
ods, assumptions, and information sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 38 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 659040 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: NICNAS, (2001). Priority existing chemical assessment report no. 17: Trisphosphates. Priority existing chemical assessment report Vol(2001):49.
HERO ID: 659040
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into formulation, Incorporation into article, Industrial/Commercial Uses
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Worker activity description:
Dermal exposure data:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
many of the specialist paints are applied in automatic spray booths; additional general worker activities included in process descriptions
Dermal exposure data
estimated 2,000 employees in Australia employed in foam formulation/production
half-face respirators may be worn in fiberglass fabrication workplaces during spraying of resins containing flame retardant; operators wear leather gloves and
respiratory protection during cutting of foam cutting
ventilation systems
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios, including incorporation into a
formulation/article and industrial/commercial use
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 39 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3808976 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2011). Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-pain ting in the automotive refinishing industry.
3808976
Automotive Coating Application
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Comments:
transferring and mixing liquid products, container cleaning, transferring mixed coating to application equipment, overspray
dermal and inhalation
liquid
"dermal: Provides methods for modeling exposures to non-volatile liquids Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to mists"
250 days/yr
8 workers/site
air-purifying respirators or air-supplied respirators, Gloves (typically latex or nitrile), paint suits, and face masks/eye protection
Type of Measurement or Method: "dermal: surrogate measured skin loading conditionsinhalation: 8-hr TWA surrogate data"
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (min, max, mean) but discrete
samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating types.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 40 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
HERO ID:
3827299
Conditions of Use:
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Worker activity description: Sealed Process (Organic Solvent-Based, Reactive Adhesives)A. Inhalation and dermal exposure from unloading solid or liquid adhesive components.B. Inhalation
and dermal exposure to solid or liquid adhesive components during container cleaning.D. Inhalation and dermal exposure to liquid adhesive product during
sampling activities.E. Inhalation and dermal exposure to liquid during equipment cleaning of mixing and other process equipment.F. Inhalation and dermal
exposure to liquids during the packaging of adhesive formulations into containers.pg.26/168Unsealed Process (Water-Based Adhesives, PSAs), details in the ref.
(P. 28/168) Unsealed Heated Process (Hot-Melt Adhesives). details in the ref. (P. 30/168)
inhalation, dermal (table 5.1)
volatile and nonvolatile chemical components contained in an adhesive formulation. This ESD describes the following general categories and types of adhesives:
nan
It is therefore assumed that 62 percent of the 35 workers per site, or up to 22 workers per site, are potentially exposed to the chemical of interest while performing
adhesive formulation process activities. No information was found that would provide bases for estimating the specific numbers of these 22 production workers
that perform each of the exposure activities discussed in this section. Therefore, it can be conservatively estimated that all 22 workers per site are exposed during
each activity. (P. 80/168)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and work activities.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Continued on next page ...
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Dermal exposure data:
Number of workers:
Page 41 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
3827299
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
High The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 42 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3827300 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
3827300
Adhesive Application
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
unloading, container cleaning, adhesive application, equipment cleaning, curing/drying
dermal and inhalation
"dermal: Provides methods for modeling exposures to solids and non-volatile liquids Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to mists and volatile
liquids"
50-250 days/yr
26-106 workers/site
chemical-resistant gloves and safety glasses. Heat-resistant gloves are used when applying hot-melt adhesives
Spray booths
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions, types of adhesives, and end use markets.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 43 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3828838 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2017). Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
3828838
Textile Dyes
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
unloading, container cleaning, dyeing machine operation
dermal and inhalation; "dermal: Provides methods for modeling exposures to non-volatile liquids and solids Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures
to volatile liquids and solids"
31-250 days/yr
1-6 workers/site
safety glasses, goggles, aprons, respirators, and/or masks
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Low
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment from 2015 but is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Model results characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical func-
tions
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 44 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3833136 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
HERO ID: 3833136
Conditions of Use: Processing - use of polymers/resins (incorporation into article)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
Industrial applications typically occur at the same site throughout the year, while in commercial applications workers will apply the adhesive at many different
sites throughout the year (e.g. carpet layers moving between job sites). (P. 12/189)Section 2, pgs. 32-40/189, provide expected exposure points that may occur
during a typical process. Section provides descriptions for multiple types of application
Inhalation and dermal
Liquid, solid
Table 5-2. Number of Production Workers Potentially Exposed During Application ProcessesTable 5-3. Number of Production Workers Potentially Exposed to
Adhesives during Computer/Electronic Product Manufacturing Table 5-4. Number of Production Workers Potentially Exposed to Adhesives during Motor and
Non-Motor Vehicle, Vehicle Parts, and Tire Manufacturing (Except Retreading)A NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report (NIOSH, 2006) included a study of a
single automobile manufacturing facility. The study notes, at the investigated site, that approximately 120 workers per shift work in the body shop, approximately
120 workers per shift work in the paint shop, approximately 700 workers per shift work in the assembly area, and approximately 130 workers per shift work in
skilled trades, such as maintenance workers and electricians. An additional 85 skilled-trade workers work during the midnight shift. It is not clear how many of
these workers would be exposed to adhesives during manufacturing.
Data from the FPA questionnaire indicates that the flexible packaging manufacturing industry utilizes the following PPE: chemical-resistant gloves and safety
glasses. Heat-resistant gloves are used when applying hot-melt adhesives. Of the four sites that replied to the questionnaire, only one reported the use of respirators.
This site applied solventless adhesives to substrates. In lieu of industry-wide survey data, this ESD assumes that the PPE reported by the questionnaires sites is
representative of industry practices (FPA, 2009).
potential for incineration, automated processes, and enclosed processes (see Control Technologies, pgs 61-62/189.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and work activities.
High The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be
representative of current conditions. EPA has no reason to believe exposures have
changed. The completed exposure or risk assessment is generally no more than 10 years
old.
Medium Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Continued on next page ...
Page 45 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3833136 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
3833136
Processing - use of polymers/resins (incorporation into article)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 46 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3840003 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
3840003
Formulation of Coatings, inks, and adhesives
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Unloading, container cleaning, sampling, equipment cleaning, filter media changeout, packaging
dermal and inhalation
"dermal: Provides methods for modeling exposures to both solids and non-volatile liquids Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to both solids
and volatile liquids"
250 days/yr
18-39 workers/site
"fabric or non-woven long sleeved shirts and pants, coveralls, and neoprene or rubber gloves. Barrier creams may be used to facilitate hand washing when materials
or products penetrate gloves or other PPE. A rubber apron or rubber suit and rubber boots may also be worn in cases where there is potential for splashing on or
penetration through clothing"
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Low
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Model results characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions and types of UV curable products.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 47 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6311222 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
6311222
Industrial/commercial use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description: "Auto OEM: robotics operations, paint mixing, paint booth cleaning, inspection, and manual ""touch-up"" paintingAutorefinish: wat sanding, car washing,
stripping (paint removal), machine sanding, blowing, buffing, polishing, paint spraying, paint and primer mixing, and inspection"
Exposure route: dermal and inhalation
Personal sampling data: Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to mists
Dermal exposure data: Dermal exposure data
Exposure frequency: "Auto OEM: 250 days/yrAutorefinish: 170 days/yr"
Number of workers: "Auto OEM: 17 workers/siteAutorefinish: 4-10 workers/site"
Engineering control: Spray booths
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High This GS is based on U.S. data
Low Data is for an occupational scenario similar to in-scope scenarios, and data is general
and not specific to a chemical.
Low Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Medium Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering OEM and refinish ap-
plications.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 48 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5155526 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID: 5155526
Conditions of Use: Unspecified office settings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Area sampling data:
inhalation
dust
Table 6-1 summarizes data from four sources in Japan and Sweden. Ranges, and sometimes median values provided for concentrations in the "workplace" or
"office" (note, summary data and table are very similar to similar data in HERO 5155913 from same authors)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low
Assessment does not specify the techniques/methods used (original data sources briefly
discussed).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Data are from US (California), Japan/Sweden, OECD countries.
Data are for unspecified workplaces and offices, which is likely applicable for in-scope
scenarios.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (ranges, median) but discrete
samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting sampling data for multiple sites and presenting
ranges, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 49 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5155526 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID: 5155526
Conditions of Use: Unspecified work settings
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Exposure route: inhalation
Physical form: dust/vapor (not specified)
Personal sampling data: Detection frequency of TCEP in personal air monitors depended on the type of work place and ranged from 50% to 100%. TCEP was detected in personal air
monitors at four of the five work places. The geometric means from the personal air monitors ranged from 5 to 450 ng/m3.
Comments: Sampling location: "work places"
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low Assessment does not specifiy the techniques/methods used (original data sources briefly
discussed).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
Low Data are for unspecified workplaces and offices, which is likely air quality for areas that
have products suspected of containing TCEP.
Medium Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Medium Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting sampling data for multiple sites and presenting
ranges, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Low
Page 50 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5155526 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID: 5155526
Conditions of Use: Unspecified work settings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Dermal exposure data:
Comments:
dermal
dust
Dermal exposure data
Sampling location: "work places". Dermal exposure potential was measured using patch samples attached to the workers' outer clothes (i.e., chest, arms and
thigh). The detection frequency of TCEP in the patch samples was 67% at three of the work places and 100% at the fourth work place. The geometric means of
the patch samples ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ng/cm2 (Makinen et al. 2009).
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low
Assessment does not specifiy the techniques/methods used (original data sources briefly
discussed).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
Medium
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for unspecified workplaces and offices, which is likely air quality for areas that
have products suspected of containing TCEP.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting sampling data for multiple sites and presenting
ranges, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Low
Page 51 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 10480464 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2022). Commercial use of automotive detailing products ¦
(Methodology review draft).
10480464
Automotive detailing products
Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
container unloading (liquids and solids), application and use of automotive detailing products.
Dermal, Inhalation
liquids, pastes, or clays/waxes
nan
8 hr/day
260 days/yr
3-4 workers/detailing facility
particle respirators, ear plugs, safety glasses, aprons, knee pads, nitrile gloves, cooling towels, and face masks (page 37)
miscellaneous control technologies include performing vehicle detailing in areas where there are no floor drains, keeping container lids closed, avoiding the use
of detergents, using sloping pavement around drains, using high-pressure and low-volume sprays, and labeling all containers. Industrial and commercial facilities
often collect dust emissions in ventilation filters
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Uninformative
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
The assessment is from an occupational or non-occupational scenario that does not
apply to any occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Uninformative
Page 52 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 10480464 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2022). Commercial use of automotive detailing products - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
(Methodology review draft).
HERO ID: 10480464
Conditions of Use: Automotive detailing products
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source: container unloading, container cleaning, application and use of automotive detailing products
Release or emission factors: nan
Release frequency: 260 day/yr, Provides methodology to estimate number of sites based on chemical production volume, use rate, and operating days - 147,152 total establishments
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Comments: Environmental Media: Water, air, landfill
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Uninformative
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
The assessment is from an occupational or non-occupational scenario that does not
apply to any occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Uninformative
Page 53 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 10480466 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (Revised draft generic
scenario).
10480466
Use - Laboratory Chemicals
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
Container unloading (liquids and solids), container cleaning, equipment cleaning, laboratory analyses, disposal of laboratory chemicals
Dermal, inhalation; dermal: Provides methods for modeling exposures to non-volatile and volatile liquids and solidslnhalation: Provides methods for modeling
exposures to non-volatile and volatile liquids and solids
Liquid or solid
8-12 hr/day
250 days/yr
3 workers/facility and 3 ONUs/facility
Basic PPE includes wearing long sleeves (lab coats), long pants, closed-toe shoes, safety glasses or goggles, and gloves during the use of laboratory chemicals.
Additional PPE may be worn depending on the level of hazard or specifics of the process.
Fume hood
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 54 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 11182966 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised draft).
11182966
Repackaging
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
Unloading transport containers, container cleaning, equipment cleaning, loading of transport containers.
Dermal, inhalation
Liquid or solid
8-12 hr/day
The number of operating days is given in a range of 174-260 days/yr with an EPA default of 260 days/yr.
3 workers/facility and 1 ONUs/facility (total number of employees and facilities given in Table 5-3)
Commonly used PPE includes safety glasses, face shields, aprons, and gloves.
Local exhaust ventilation
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
High
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data are for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete use amounts provided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple worker activi-
ties.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 55 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 3827197 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases -Draft.
3827197
Processing - Incorporation into a formulation
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Unloading, container cleaning, sampling, equipment cleaning, filter media changeout, packaging
Dermal, Inhalation
Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to volatile liquids and solids
nan
235-350 days/yr
25-40 workers/site
PPE depends on the type of potential exposure. Typically, PPE used in the workplace include safety glasses and gloves. Face shields and a particulate respirator
may also be required in cases where there is a potential for dust exposure
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating appli-
cations, and multiple chemical functions
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 56 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6304171 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2004). Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases - Draft.
HERO ID: 6304171
Conditions of Use: Processing - Additives in foamed plastics
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Transfer from shipping containers, operation/supervision of the foam mix head/dispenser, foam production, transfer/handling of foamed articles
dermal and inhalation
8 hr/day
250 days/yr
<50 workers/site
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 57 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6311218 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental release -
Draft.
6311218
Plastics Compounding
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Unloading and charging additives to process, Equipment Cleaning, Filling Containers with Compounded Resin
Dermal and inhalation. Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to solids.
Dermal exposure data
250 days/yr
24 workers/site
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic types,
additive types, and worker activities.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 58 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6385711 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases.
6385711
Plastics Converting
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Unloading and charging compounded resins to process, converting processes, converting equipment cleaning, trimming processes
Dermal and inhalation. Inhalation: Provides methods for modeling exposures to solids.
Dermal exposure data
137-254 days/yr
30-69 workers/site
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic types,
additive types, and worker activities.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 59 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6385715 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases: Draft.
6385715
Processing - Incorporation into an article
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Personal sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Personal protective equipment:
Engineering control:
Foam head operator, foam line operato, cut-off saw operator, and bun handler
dermal and inhalation
Inhalation: Provides TDI exposure concentrations
nan
250 days/yr
47 workers/site
"Foam head operator: No respiratorFoam line operator: half-face or full-face air-purifying respirators (APRs) with organic vapor (OV) cartridgesSaw operators:
loose, hooded supplied-air respirators (SARs)Bun handlers: APRs"
combination of containment (i.e., enclosure) and local exhaust ventilation (LEV)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Sampling data is greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and industry
conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a mean with no other statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam and
additive types.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 60 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6549571 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases. Draft.
6549571
Additives in Plastics Processing (Converting into Finished Products)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description:
Exposure route:
Physical form:
Personal sampling data:
Dermal exposure data:
Exposure duration:
Exposure frequency:
Number of workers:
Engineering control:
Receipt of compounded resin, Forming (Heating), Molding/Shaping, Trimming, Finishing (including coating)
Inhalation and Dermal
Exposure to solids during unloading of compounded resin from transport containers and charging to forming operation; Exposure to dusts generated from
converting processes; Exposure to liquids during equipment cleaning of equipment; Exposure to solids during trimming activities.
Exposure from Unloading and Charging Compounded Resin; Exposure from Converting Processes; Exposure from Trimming Processes: Inhalation exposure =
OSHA PEL x breathing rate x hours x fraction of additive in resin x fraction of chemical in additive (if applicable)Exposure from Converting Equipment Cleaning:
Not expected, particles are expected to be contained in water.
Dermal exposure data
8 hours/day assumed for inhalation calculations
CEB standard assumption, 250 days per year based on 5 day work week and two weeks per year of operation shut down.
Overall, there were 736,698 workers employed in the Plastic Product Manufacturing industry in 2001. Table 1 provides Number of Workers for subcategories of
NAICS 3261 Plastic Product Manufacturing.
Water: According to the Development Document for Effluent Limitation Guidelines for the Plastics Molding and Forming Point Source Category (1984), approx-
imately 31% of surveyed sites that use process water directly discharged their process water; 44% indirectly discharged (POTW); and 25% had a zero discharge.
Zero discharge methods include recycling, evaporation pond, septic tank with leach field, evaporation from equipment, land application, and contract haul. Types
of on-site treatment include settling, pH adjustment, activated sludge, activated carbon adsorption, filtration, and vacuum filtration.Air: The Emissions Scenario
Document on Plastic Additives suggests that bag filters used to collect particulate emissions are 99% efficient. However, the prevalence of bag filter use was not
available.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High The assessment uses high quality data that are from a frequently used source and are
generally accepted by the scientific community, and associated information does not
indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
However, data are not chemical specific.
Low Data are greater than 20 years old.
N/A Sample size criteria are not applicable to data extracted.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions.
Continued on next page ...
Page 61 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6549571 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases. Draft.
6549571
Additives in Plastics Processing (Converting into Finished Products)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Medium Variability in worker activities is captured through identification of various NAICS
codes associated with plastic additive use, but uncertainty associated with number of
workers is not characterized.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 62 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 8674805 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (2021), Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Final.
HERO ID:
8674805
Conditions of Use:
Commercial Use
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Worker activity description: foam application, trimming, cleanup, chemical transfers, maintenance, disturbing foam during renovation and end-of-life activities
Exposure route: dermal and inhalation
Personal sampling data: Inhalation: Provides MDI, amine catalyst, blowing agent, and inhalable/respirable particulate exposure data
Number of workers: 253,700 total workers in industry see section 5-3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data may be relevant for a potential historic in-scope scenario; however, data is general
and not specific to TCEP.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a mean with no other statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering different chemical
components and particle sizes
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 63 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 1267867 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Burgess, W. A. (1991). Potential exposures in the manufacturing industry—
HERO ID: 1267867
Conditions of Use: Processing, Commercial use
-Their recognition and control. :595-674.
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Worker activity description:
Physical form:
Exposure duration:
Engineering control:
information on paint application equipment used and occupational exposures during paint processes; various spray guns and powder coating application method
additive in chemical formulation and mixtures, paint mist and solvent vapors
general duration estimate for various worker exposures in chemicals industry; most specific work tasks take less than ten minutes, filtration tasks may take lhr to
half-shift
Painting: ventilation, workplace design, respirator protection, and selection of paint system and application technique... Chemicals: exhaust ventilation and
containment
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for generic paint application and chemical processing, which is similar to the
in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use in paint and coatings and incorporation of
TCEP into formulations, mixtures, and articles.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 64 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 6580284 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: programs, E.O. (1974). Air pollution control engineering and cost study of the paint and varnish industry.
HERO ID: 6580284
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into a formulation
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Number of workers:
Engineering control:
Number of paint production employees estimated for given output of a plant: 58 hourly paid people and 12 salaried paid people per 1.9 million gallons of output
annually
Ventilation system in manufacturing area of model plant is designed for six air changes per hour with exhaust system
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for generic paint and coatings manufacturing and emissions of VOCs, which is
similar to the in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use in paint and coatings.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent due to confidential business information.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by addressing manufacturing plants throughout the United States,
but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 65 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 11224652 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. Census Bureau, (2022). County Business Patterns: 2020.
HERO ID:
11224652
Conditions of Use:
All
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Life cycle description: All
Number of sites: Used to develop a method to estimate number of sites and workers.
Number of workers: Used to develop a method to estimate number of sites and workers.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
U.S. Census Bureau is expected to use reliable survey and census methods.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
High
U.S. based economic data
These economic data cover all industry and occupation types in scope for all chemicals.
The Census Bureau SUSB data are from 2015
The SUSB is a compilation of data extracted from the Business Register, U.S. Census
Bureau's "most complete, current, and consistent data for U.S. business establishments."
Incorporates data from economic censuses and current business surveys, quarterly and
annual Federal tax records, and other departmental and federal statistics. Expected to be
sufficiently representative, (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/susb/about.html)
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
U.S. Census Bureau documents results and methods, but underlying survey results not
accessible.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Limited discussion of variability and uncertainty in results.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 66 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 11224653 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2013). Updating CEB's method for screening-level estimates of dermal exposure.
11224653
Industrial Use - Aircraft interiors and aerospace products
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Dermal exposure data:
Dermal exposure data
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology Medium Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium Data are based on study from Netherlands, an OECD country.
Medium Data are for generic for solids handling, which is similar to the in-scope occupational
scenario for handling solid articles containing TCEP.
Low Report is based on data greater than 20 years old, but industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be relevant.
N/A This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Underlying data sources for obtaining dermal loading rates are provided, but methods
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different scenarios or physical forms (liquid/solid) but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 67 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 11224653 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2013). Updating CEB's method for screening-level estimates of dermal exposure.
HERO ID: 11224653
Conditions of Use: Processing - Recycling
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Dermal exposure data:
Comments:
Dermal exposure data
Relevant for recycling of electronics
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are based on study from Netherlands, an OECD country.
Data are for generic for solids handling, which is similar to the in-scope occupational
scenario for handling solid articles containing TCER
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old, but industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be relevant.
This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Underlying data sources for obtaining dermal loading rates are provided, but methods
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different scenarios or physical forms (liquid/solid) but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 68 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 11224653 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2013). Updating CEB's method for screening-level estimates of dermal exposure.
HERO ID: 11224653
Conditions of Use: Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Dermal exposure data:
Comments:
Dermal exposure data
Relevant for disposal of solid products containing TCEP
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are based on study from Netherlands, an OECD country.
Data are for generic for solids handling, which is similar to the in-scope occupational
scenario for handling solid articles containing TCER
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old, but industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be relevant.
This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Underlying data sources for obtaining dermal loading rates are provided, but methods
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different scenarios or physical forms (liquid/solid) but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 69 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 4565574 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (2015). TSCA Work Plan Chemical Problem Formulation and Initial Assessment. Chlorinated Phosphate Ester Cluster Flame Retardants.
HERO ID:
4565574
Conditions of Use:
Various
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Exposure route: vapor inhalation and dermal exposure considered most important
Physical form: only CDR reported use is in paints and coatings industry, though TCEP also used as additive in polyurethane foam and other matrices
Engineering control: reported use of dust extractors to limit dust exposure in Europe
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for various generic occupational scenarios, which would include in-scope occu-
pational scenarios.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 70 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 956579 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2005). Furniture flame retardancy partnership: Environmental profiles of chemical flame-retardant alternatives for low-density polyurethane
foam: Volume 1.
956579
Commercial use of Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Worker activity description: Discusses general exposure points for chemical manufacturing, foam manufacturing, and furniture manufacturing; not chemical-specificDiscusses releases during
consumer use such as in foam seating or mattress products
Exposure route: Suggests inhalation of dusts, vapors, and mists; dermal; and ingestion routes (not chemical-specific), though ingestion considered less applicable in occupational
scenarios
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High The assessment is developed by EPA.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Medium Data are for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Medium The report is generally more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
N/A No sample data.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by accounting for different chemicals and physical forms, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 71 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Occupational Exposure
HERO ID: 5043338 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Veldzquez-G6mez, M., Hurtado-Ferndndez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the Barcelona urban
area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.
HERO ID: 5043338
Conditions of Use: Commercial use, Consumer use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Exposure route:
Physical form:
dust ingestion
TCEP released from TCEP-containing products and adsorbed to dust
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information that is from frequently-used sources and there are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
N/A
Data are from Spain, an OECD country.
The data are relevant to the assessment of occupational exposure which would result
from use of TCEP in various commercial uses (e.g., paints and coatings, ...etc.) that are
associated with buildings.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 72 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Occupational Exposure HERO ID: 4635 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Whitmyre, G. K., Driver, J. H., Ginevan, M. E., Tardiff, R. G., Baker, S. R. (1992). Human exposure assessment I: Understanding the uncertainties.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 8(5):297-320.
HERO ID: 4635
Conditions of Use: Processing and Use (not chemical specific)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Exposure route: inhalation, dermal
Exposure duration: model parameters for dermal and inhalation exposure (e.g., skin surface area, inhalation rate)
Exposure frequency: model parameters for dermal and inhalation exposure (e.g., skin surface area, inhalation rate)
Comments: This is not chemical specific but might still be useful
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium Report uses high quality information and is not from frequently-used sources. There are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
Low Data are more targeted towards consumer or ambient exposures with non-specific chem-
icals, but they can be used for generic exposures.
Low Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Source discusses uncertainty of exposure modeling. Variability is not addressed with
specific respect to chemicals or certain occupational scenarios.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 73 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 10442901 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Industrial application of coatings by spraying.
HERO ID:
10442901
Conditions of Use:
Industrial Use of Paints and Coatings
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Release frequency: 225 days/year
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Comments: The industrial uses that the data in the data source pertain to are specified in the data source by codes. These codes are defined in EU guidance documents, but are
not defined in the data source. Whether these industrial uses are relevant to the assessment of TECP cannot be determined based on the data source.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
EU data expected to be accurate
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
Low
EU data
There is some uncertainty about whether the data are associated with a COU
Data is less than 20 years
No statistics
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Only media is provided
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty not addressed
Overall Quality Determination Low
Page 74 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 10442902 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Professional application of coatings and inks by spraying.
HERO ID: 10442902
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use of Paints and Coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Release or emission factors
Indoor: 365 days/yearOutdoor: 225 days/year
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
EU data expected to be accurate
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
Low
EU data
Data pertain to a COU
Data is less than 20 years
No statistics
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Meta data included
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty not addressed
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 75 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 10170891 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID: 10170891
Conditions of Use: Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Municipal treatment plants, industrial sewage treatment plants. Section 6.11 contains information on effluent concentrations, primarily municipal treatment plants,
nan
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low
Methodology is not specified.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Germany, an OECD country.
Data are for disposal, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Data are greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Release media provided but no other metadata.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Low
Page 76 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 11204812 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
Polymers,, J6 (2021). Comment from J6 Polymers LLC regarding end usage characterization of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in rigid polyurethane
foam.
HERO ID:
11204812
Conditions of Use:
Processing - incorporation into article (aircraft interior)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High This source comes directly from the manufacturer.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High This company is based directly from the U.S.
High This source applies directly to a COU and is specific to the chemical.
High Company provided this source in 2021.
Low Not characterized by statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High Source is directly from the manufacturer.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low Does not provide variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 77 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 9493521 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
Schripp, T., Wensing, M. (2009). Emission of VOCs and SVOCs from electronic devices and office equipment. :405-430.
HERO ID:
9493521
Conditions of Use:
Incorporation into Article (Flame Retardant in Electronics)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: VOC/SVOCs "can be released from electronic equipment into indoor air due to the heating - up of the device interior" (p. 405).Flame retardants and plasticizer
(i.e., TBP, TCEP, and TCPP) emissions "increase with increasing operating time even if the device is operated longer than one week" (Figure 17.5) (p. 422).
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Methodology is known and expected to be accurate and cover all release sources at the
site.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Data are from Germany, an OECD country.
The release data are for a non-occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational
scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation, such as a consumer scenario that is
similar to a worker scenario.
Data are greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Release media and release frequency (continuous but not steady-state) provided but
missing other metadata.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability is addressed by sampling after different lengths of operating time. Uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 78 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 11181053 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2022). DMR Data for TCEP, formaldehyde, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane.
HERO ID: 11181053
Conditions of Use: All
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Life cycle description:
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Comments:
All
Provides media of release,
nan
Source is tagged for TCEP but they are all non detects from 2010 to 2021.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Low
Methodology used by submitters to estimate release data is not known.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
DMR is U.S. based data
DMR includes industries included in the scopes of multiple chemicals
DMR data are from 2010-2021.
Universe is limited to NPDES permit holders; statistical representativeness is unclear.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
DMR only includes release media but no other metadata.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
DMR does not address variability or uncertainty in submitter provided data.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 79 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 46492 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (1995). AP-42: Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area sources, fifth edition.
HERO ID:
46492
Conditions of Use:
Incorporation into article, Industrial/Commercial Uses, Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Predominantly VOC or gaseous emissions (as opposed to SVOC... Section 2 specifies emissions associated with solid waste disposal operations, including
potentially applicable incineration and landfilling for TCEP-containing products; Section 4.2.2.1 (general industrial coating), 4.2.2.5 (wood panel coating), 4.2.2.7
(polymeric coating of supporting substrates), and potentially other coating sections applicable with emission points in process; Section 4.3 (waste water treatment);
Section 4.6 (polyester resin plastic product formulation); Section 4.11 (textile fabric printing)
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for air releases/emissions, primarily for VOCs and not directed at TCEP, as
applicable to in-scope scenarios
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different processes used in industry, but uncertainty is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 80 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 7310513 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 6: Organic chemical process industry. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area
sources, fifth edition, AP-42.
HERO ID: 7310513
Conditions of Use: Processing - Incorporation into a formulation
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Release or emission factors:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Comments:
Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Data is general and not chemical-specific for TCEP and potentially not for applicable physical forms of TCEP.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for general paint/varnish manufacturing occupational scenarios, but are not
chemical-specific for TCEP and potentially not for applicable physical forms of TCEP.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
Sample distribution is given as estimates with no description of state statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different products manufactured in the paint industry, but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 81 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 7315820 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 4.2: Introduction to surface coating. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area sources,
fifth edition, AP-42.
HERO ID: 7315820
Conditions of Use: Industrial/Commercial Uses, Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source: Predominantly VOC or gaseous emissions (as opposed to SVOC); Section 2 specifies emissions associated with solid waste disposal operations, including
potentially applicable incineration and landfilling for TCEP-containing products; Section 4.2.2.1 (general industrial coating), 4.2.2.5 (wood panel coating), 4.2.2.7
(polymeric coating of supporting substrates), and potentially other coating sections applicable with emission points in process; Section 4.3 (waste water treatment);
Section 4.6 (polyester resin plastic product formulation); Section 4.11 (textile fabric printing)
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for air releases/emissions, primarily for VOCs and not directed at TCEP, as
applicable to in-scope scenarios
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different processes used in industry, but uncertainty is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 82 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3035885 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
ATSDR, (2012), Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
HERO ID:
3035885
Conditions of Use:
Processing and Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Phosphate ester flame retardants are released to environmental surface water and groundwater primarily from leaching of hydraulic fluid spills and discarded or
landfilled PVC, polyurethane foam, electronic wall coverings, and other flame retardant materials; released to soil; released to air from aerosolized fluids during
manufacturing, production, and transportation with purer forms
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Assessment uses high quality information that are not from frequently-used sources and
there are no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are applicable to general processing and use COUs, which may be in-scope.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 83 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3809216 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
HERO ID: 3809216
Conditions of Use: Processing - Incorporation into a formulation, Processing - Incorporation into an article, Industrial and Commercial Uses, Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Comments:
"The flame retardant TCEP is physically combined with the polymer matrix. Therefore, TCEP could migrate to the surface. Releases might be expected during
service life and disposal of products containing TCEP."; release during processing and formulation in the polymers and paints/varnishes industries..."TCEP is
present as an impurity in the substance V6. Production and use of V6 could therefore lead to environmental releases of TCEP"
"total tonnage ending up landfilled can be estimated to < 700 t/a".„ Total releases are estimated and summarized in Table 3.10 of source on pg 43 of the PDF
nan
284 days for polymers processing; 300 days for paint/varnish formulation; 200 days for paint/varnish processing
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Use 2003 ESD for coatings industry and 2004 ESD on plastic additives for generic estimates of releases
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Assessment uses high quality models from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium Data are from the EU, which includes OECD countries.
High Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios.
Medium Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
High Uncertainty is addressed by model documentation. Variability addressed by different
release routes and sources including TCEP as impurity in V6.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 84 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 5185320 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
HERO ID: 5185320
Conditions of Use: Industrial/Commercial Use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Comments:
The chemical may be released from various products due to its migration to the surface or via matrix decomposition, aging or mechanical action
exposure estimates provided for consumer exposures
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are generic and likely include consumer exposures, which is similar to in-scope
occupational scenarios
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 85 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 659040 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
NICNAS, (2001), Priority existing chemical assessment report no, 17: Trisphosphates, Priority existing chemical assessment report Vol(2001):49.
HERO ID:
659040
Conditions of Use:
Incorporation into formulation, Incorporation into article, Industrial/Commercial Uses
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Release can occur during manufacture of products containing chlorinated triphosphates, during use of products, or during disposal of products; likely to be slowly
released to atmosphere from surfaces of solid articles containing chemical during normal product use; may be released to wastewater during washing of fabrics
containing chemical
Release or emission factors: nan
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios, including import, incorporation
into a formulation, and industrial/commercial use, and disposal
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 86 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3808976 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2011), Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-painting in the automotive refinishing industry.
HERO ID:
3808976
Conditions of Use:
Automotive Coating Application
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Container cleaning, equipment cleaning, coating application (overspray)
Release or emission factors: nan
Release frequency: 250 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: nan
Comments: media: air, land
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating types.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 87 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3827298 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2009). Emission scenario documents on coating industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes).
HERO ID: 3827298
Conditions of Use: Formulation of Coatings and Use of Coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Comments:
"PROC: material loading, heat-up, surface evaporation, filling, micellaneous operations, material storage, leaks, spills USE: Application losses, equipment
residues, drum residues"
Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
media: water, air, land
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
This ESD was not developed by EPA, but another OECD-member country.
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical func-
tions and coating types
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 88 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
HERO ID:
3827299
Conditions of Use:
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Sealed Process (Organic Solvent-Based, Reactive Adhesives)l. Container residue from adhesive component transport container released to water, incineration, or
landfill.2. Open surface losses of volatile chemicals to air during container cleaning.3. Transfer operation losses to air of volatile chemicals from unloading the
adhesive component.4. Dust losses vented to outside air from the transfer of a solid/powdered adhesive component into the process.Alternatively, these dusts are
captured on vent filters or settle within the workspace, and are subsequentlycollected and released to water, incineration, or landfill.5. Vented losses of volatile
chemicals to air during mixing operations.6. Product sampling wastes disposed to water, incineration or landfill (not quantified in this ESD).7. Open surface losses
of volatile chemicals during product sampling.8 Equipment cleaning releases to water, incineration, or landfill.9. Open surface losses of volatile chemicals to air
during equipment cleaning. 10. Transfer operation losses of volatile chemicals to air from loading adhesiveproductintotransportcontainers.il. Off-spec adhesive
product released to water, incineration, or landfill. (P. 26/168)Unsealed Process (Water-Based Adhesives, PSAs) (P. 28/168)Unsealed Heated Process (Hot-Melt
Adhesives). (P. 30/168)
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and workactivities.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized.
Continued on next page ...
Page 89 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
3827299
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 90 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3827300 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
HERO ID: 3827300
Conditions of Use: Adhesive Application
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
container cleaning, unloading, equipment cleaning, application losses, curing/drying, trimming
nan
50-365 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions, types of adhesives, and end use markets.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 91 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3828838 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2017), Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
HERO ID:
3828838
Conditions of Use:
Textile Dyes
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: unloading, container cleaning, disposal of spent dye bath, equipment cleaning
Release or emission factors: nan
Release frequency: 31-295 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: nan
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment from 2015 but is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical func-
tions
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 92 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3833136 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
HERO ID:
3833136
Conditions of Use:
Processing - use of polymers/resins (incorporation into article)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Section 2, pgs. 32-40/189, provide expected release points that may occur during a typical process. Section provides descriptions for multiple types of application
Release quantity: various model estimates for release are given in sec. 7.
Release frequency: EPA default = 1 event/worker-day
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Medium
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and work activities.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be
representative of current conditions. EPA has no reason to believe exposures have
changed. The completed exposure or risk assessment is generally no more than 10 years
old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 93 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3840003 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
HERO ID: 3840003
Conditions of Use: Formulation of Coatings, inks, and adhesives
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Container cleaning, dusts and volatiles from unloading containers, vented losses during mixing, sampling, equipment cleaning, volatiles from loading containers,
filter wastes
Provides models for estimating various fugitive air releases
Release or emission factors
250 days/year
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions and types of UV curable products.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 94 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 5079084 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on plastic additives.
HERO ID: 5079084
Conditions of Use: Plastics Compounding and Converting
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Comments:
Raw material handling, compounding, converting, service life, disposal
nan
media: air, water
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was not developed by EPA, but another OECD-member country.
Data are for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Assessment from 2011 but is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Data characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting emission factors for multiple scenarios/additive
types but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 95 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6393282 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on transport and storage of chemicals.
HERO ID:
6393282
Conditions of Use:
Processing
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: filling and emptying of containers, storage, pipelines, washing and cleaning, recycling and disposal of packaging
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was not developed by EPA, but another OECD-member country.
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical
forms, containers and storage system types.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 96 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6311222 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
HERO ID: 6311222
Conditions of Use: Industrial/commercial use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Auto OEM: blowdown, sludge processing, generated sludge, stack air releasesAutorefinish: air filter waste from overspray, stack air
Release or emission factors
Auto OEM: sludge pit cleaning: 1 day/yr All other releases: 250 days/yrAutorefinish: 170 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering OEM and refinish ap-
plications.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 97 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 10480466 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (Revised draft generic
scenario).
10480466
Use - Laboratory Chemicals
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Description of release source: Container unloading, container cleaning, labware equipment cleaning, during laboratory analyses, waste disposal; Release media: Water, air, landfill
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Release frequency: 260 day/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 98 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 11182966 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised draft).
HERO ID: 11182966
Conditions of Use: Repackaging
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Transfer losses, container cleaning, equipment cleaning, transfer losses during loading.Air, water, incineration, landfill
Provides methodology to estimate total emissions for rapackaging sites and process steps.Provides methodology to estimate releases based on various parameters
including: opening area of cleaning equipment, physical-chemical properties, air velocity, etc.
Release or emission factors
The number of operating days is given in a range of 174-260 days/yr with an EPA default of 260 days/yr.
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Medium Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering emissions from multiple
activities.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 99 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 3827197 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases -Draft.
3827197
Processing - Incorporation into a formulation
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Unloading containers, container cleaning, dispersion and blending operations, sampling, equipment cleaning, filter wastes, loading, off-spec coating
Provides models for estimating various fugitive air releases
nan
235-350 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating appli-
cations, and multiple chemical functions
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 100 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6304171 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2004). Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases - Draft.
HERO ID: 6304171
Conditions of Use: Processing - Additives in foamed plastics
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Container residues, equipment residues, release of auxiliary blowing agents (ABAs), scrap or off-spec product disposal
Release or emission factors
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 101 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6311218 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental release -
Draft.
6311218
Plastics Compounding
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Container Residue from Original Additive Transport Container, Dust from Compounding, Fugitive Air from Compounding, Residual from Compounding Equip-
ment Cleaning
Release quantity: Provides models for estimating various releases to air, water, and landfill.
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Comments: media: water, air, land
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Data characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic types,
and additive types.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 102 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6385699 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2008). Releases from roll coating and curtain coating operations - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposure and environmental
releases.
6385699
Industrial/commercial use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
Comments:
Releases in curtain coating operations may come from residual coating formulation. Releases in roll coating operations may come from splatter and mist generation
or residual coating in the reservoir.
Release or emission factors
Data is general and not specific to TCEP
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
Low
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an occupational scenario similar to in-scope scenarios, but data is general and
not specific to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Data characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is addressed by discussion of data source and limitations of the transfer
efficiency metric. Variability is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 103 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6385711 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases.
6385711
Plastics Converting
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Comments:
Container cleaning, spillage, unloading, dusts and fugitive emissions from converting, equipment cleaning, trimming wastes
Provides models for estimating various releases to air, water, and landfill.
Release or emission factors
137-254
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
media: water, air, land
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Data characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic types,
and additive types.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 104 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6385715 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases: Draft.
6385715
Processing - Incorporation into an article
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Description of release source: Container cleaning, curing emissions, equipment cleaning, scraps and off-spec foam disposal
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Release frequency: 250 days/yr
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
The data are from the United States
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam and
additive types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 105 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6549571 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases. Draft.
HERO ID: 6549571
Conditions of Use: Additives in Plastics Processing (Converting into Finished Products)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release quantity:
Release or emission factors:
Release frequency:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
1. Container residue from plastic resin transport container released to water, incineration, or landfill.2. Dust generation from forming processes released to water
or landfill.3. Fugitive air emissions from forming and molding processes released to water or air.4. Equipment cleaning and cooling water from forming and
molding processes released to water, incineration, or landfill.5. Solid waste from trimming operations released to water or landfill.
Container Residue from Compounding Transport Container: Daily Release from Container Residue (kg/site-day) = Daily Use Rate (kg/site-day) x Loss Frac-
tionDust Generation from Converting Activities Released to Water or Landfill: Daily release of dust = daily use rate x loss fractionFugitive Air from Converting
Activities Released to Water or Air: Daily release to water (or air) from volatilization = daily use rate x loss fractionResidual from Converting Equipment Clean-
ing: Daily release from equipment cleaning = daily use rate x loss fractionTrimming Waste: Daily release from trimmings = daily use rate x loss fraction
Release or emission factors
CEB standard assumption, 250 days per year based on 5 day work week and two weeks per year of operation shut down.
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment uses high quality data and methods that are from a frequently used
source and are generally accepted by the scientific community, and associated informa-
tion does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
However, data are not chemical specific.
Data are greater than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability is addressed by evaluation of various sources of release, but uncertainty in
release estimation is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 106 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 8674805 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2021). Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Final.
8674805
Commercial Use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Description of release source: Container residues, air emissions during application, equipment cleaning, cutting/grinding wastes, spills/leaks, PPE disposal
Release or emission factors: nan
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: nan
Comments: Data is general and not specific to TCEP.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data may be relevant for a potential historic in-scope scenario; however, data is general
and not specific to TCEP.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering one- and two-
component foams.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 107 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 5349334 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several phosphate
esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
HERO ID: 5349334
Conditions of Use: Processing
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
enters water via manufacturing wastewater
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from Europe, which includes multiple OECD countries.
Data are for releases of TCEP from manufacturing processes, which is pertinent to pro-
cessing scenarios.
Report is mostly based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are
expected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 108 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 5349334 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several phosphate
esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
5349334
Industrial Use - Other
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
It must be assumed that partial release from polyurethane and other foams to the atmosphere occurs, although volatilisation can be prevented if foams arecovered
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from Europe, which includes multiple OECD countries.
Data are for releases of TCEP from polyurethane and other foams, which is an in-scope
use/scenario for TCEP
Report is mostly based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are
expected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 109 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 4565753 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CEC, (2015). Enhancing Trilateral Understanding of Flame Retardants and Their Use in Manufactured Items: Supply Chain Analysis of Select Flame
Retardants Contained in Manufactured Items that are Used in Indoor Environments.
4565753
Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Comments:
"A majority of disposed furniture continues to end up in landfills. Based on conversations with industry, although furniture may also be recycled under state or
local programs, industrial recycling and recovery processes for upholstered furniture are atypical" (foam recycling activities in Canada, Mexico, and the US tend
to occur during furniture manufacturing rather than at the end-of-life stage)
General release information
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for disposal of articles containing flame retardants, an in-scope occupational
scenario, but TCEP specifically is not characterized
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Release source information
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 110 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 4296230 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: CECBP, (2008). Brominated and chlorinated organic chemical compounds used as flame retardants: Materials for the December 4-5, 2008 meeting of
the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (CECBP): Scientific Guidance Panel (SGP): Agenda item: Consideration of potential
designated chemicals.
HERO ID: 4296230
Conditions of Use: Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Waste treatment methods and pollution control:
Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for general drinking water treatment methods and chemical-specific, but are not
addressed towards an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
No sample data.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Results, motivation, and sources are clearly documented, but underlying data are not
fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 111 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 7330238 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: ECCC/HC, (2020). Science assessment of plastic pollution.
HERO ID: 7330238
Conditions of Use: Industrial/Commercial use, Consumer use, Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
additives including flame retardants leached from plastic materials and microplastics during use and disposal; migration pathways in food, water, and indoor dust
Page 75
Release or emission factors
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
N/A
Information is from Canada, which is an OECD country.
Information is for generic plastic pollution and additives including the general class of
flame retardants, which is similar to the in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use as
an additive and in disposal.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 112 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Environmental Releases HERO ID: 7349020 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: ERG, (1998). Air emissions inventories, volume 2: Point sources: Chapter 11: Preferred and alternative methods for estimating air emissions from plastic
products manufacturing.
HERO ID: 7349020
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into an article
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source: Release sources generally for plastic manufacturing includes volatilization of free monomer and solvent, VOC emissions from secondary materials such as
additives, VOC and particulate emissions from byproducts during heating of resins or reactions, and particulate emissions during material handling and finishing
operations
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Report uses high quality information/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
Medium Data are for general plastic manufacturing occupational scenarios, but are not chemical-
specific for TCEP.
Low Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A Release source information
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Low Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 113 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 7978640 Table: 1 of 1
Kim, H., Tanabe, S. I., Koganei, M. (2019). The emission rate of newly regulated chemical substances from building materials. IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering 609(4):042046.
7978640
Commercial use of Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products; Construction, Paint, Electrical, and Metal Products; and Paints and
Coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Release or emission factors:
TCEP emissions measured from building materials including adhesive, indoor paint, polystyrene foam, PVC sheet, carpet
Release or emission factors
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality methods that are not from frequently-used sources and there are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
High
Low
Data are from Japan, which is an OECD country.
Data are for emissions from consumer building products during service life, which can
inform in-scope occupational scenarios for manufacture and incorporation into building
products.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution is described qualitatively.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data are not
fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by accounting for different building materials, but uncertainty is
not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Page 114 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 2942545 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Matsukami, H., Tue, N.M., Suzuki, G.,o, Someya, M., Tuyen, L.H., Viet, P.H., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Takigami, H. (2015). Flame retardant emission
from e-waste recycling operation in northern Vietnam: Environmental occurrence of emerging organophosphorus esters used as alternatives for PBDEs.
Science of the Total Environment 514:492-499.
HERO ID: 2942545
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into an article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Recycling or disposal of e-waste; open storage of e-waste including cathode ray tubes, electronic housings, and printed circuit boards; 40 million tons of e-waste
generated globally per year; TCEP typically used in polyurethane forms as FR
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
Low
High
N/A
Study was conducted by Japan, an OECD country. However the data is from Vietnam
The recycling of articles occurred in make shift areas; "Recycling operations were fam-
ily based and took place on a small scale in the backyards of homes, often within 20 m
distance from living area."
The report is generally no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability addressed by different temperatures and gaseous environments, but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 115 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 6580284 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
programs, E.O. (1974), Air pollution control engineering and cost study of the paint and varnish industry.
HERO ID:
6580284
Conditions of Use:
Incorporation into formulation
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Description of release source: Sources include varnish cooking, resin cooking, thinning, handling & storage, milling operation, blending & finishing, and filling; exhaust from ventilation system
Release or emission factors: Release or emission factors
Waste treatment methods and pollution control: Waste treatment methods and pollution control
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
High
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for generic paint and coatings manufacturing and emissions of VOCs, which is
similar to the in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use in paint and coatings.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent due to confidential business information.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by addressing manufacturing plants throughout the United States,
but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 116 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 4663142 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Salthammer, T., Fuhrmann, F., Uhde, E. (2003). Flame retardants in the indoor environment - Part II: release of VOCs (triethylphosphate and halogenated
degradation products) from polyurethane. Indoor Air 13(l):49-52.
HERO ID: 4663142
Conditions of Use: Industrial Use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Description of release source:
offgassing from polyurethane products, though TCEP has been substituted by TCPP once classified as hazardous; hard foams stated to be "very low emission"
and no data for TCEP emissions
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology Medium Report uses high quality methods that are not from frequently-used sources and there are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium Data are from Germany, which is an OECD country.
Medium Data are for offgassing PUR products, though not explicitly for TCEP. May be applied
to qualitative discussion of release from end uses.
Medium Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Medium Uncertainty is addressed by discussion of emission sources and measurement methods.
Variability is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 117 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 4663142 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Salthammer, T., Fuhrmann, F., Uhde, E. (2003). Flame retardants in the indoor environment - Part II: release of VOCs (triethylphosphate and halogenated
degradation products) from polyurethane. Indoor Air 13(l):49-52.
HERO ID: 4663142
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Description of release source: offgassing from polyurethane products, though TCEP has been substituted by TCPP once classified as hazardous; hard foams stated to be "very low emission"
and no data for TCEP emissions
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium Report uses high quality methods that are not from frequently-used sources and there are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium Data are from Germany, which is an OECD country.
Medium Data are for offgassing PUR products, though not explicitly for TCEP. May be applied
to qualitative discussion of release from end uses.
Medium Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Medium Uncertainty is addressed by discussion of emission sources and measurement methods.
Variability is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 118 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 4565574 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2015). TSCA Work Plan Chemical Problem Formulation and Initial Assessment. Chlorinated Phosphate Ester Cluster Flame Retardants.
HERO ID: 4565574
Conditions of Use: Various
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Description of release source:
Emission from products, adsorption deposition to particulates or matrix decomposition, aging, or release
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for various generic occupational scenarios, which would include in-scope occu-
pational scenarios.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 119 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Environmental Releases
HERO ID: 956579 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2005). Furniture flame retardancy partnership: Environmental profiles of chemical flame-retardant alternatives for low-density polyurethane
foam: Volume 1.
956579
Commercial use of Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Description of release source: Discusses general release points for chemical manufacturing, foam manufacturing, and furniture manufacturing; not chemical-specificDiscusses releases during
consumer use such as in foam seating or mattress products
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric!: Methodology High The assessment or report is developed by EPA.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope High The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Metric 3: Applicability Medium Data are for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness Medium The report is generally more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Metric 5: Sample Size N/A No sample data.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by accounting for different chemicals and physical forms, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 120 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3035885 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
ATSDR, (2012). Toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants.
HERO ID:
3035885
Conditions of Use:
Manufacturing
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: TCEP production in 1975 estimated at >908kg; estimated in 2006 IUR to be produced in range of 500,000-lmillion pounds; TCEP imports in 1972 considered
negligible
Process description: "produced by chemical synthesis via condensation of phosphorus oxychloride and an alkyl or aryl alcohol at low temperatures and pressures to avoid formation
of alkyl chlorides"; TCEP used to produce TCPP using ethylene oxide
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Uninformative
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Manufacture is not in scope
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Uninformative
Page 121 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3809216 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
ECB, (2009). European Union risk assessment report: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP. :213.
HERO ID:
3809216
Conditions of Use:
Import, Processing - incorporation into an article
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: 1998 production in the EU was about 2,000 tonnes/yr, no production reported in EU in 2002; global consumption of TCEP peaked in 1989 at 9,000 tonnes/yr; in
2002, three companies imported a total of 1,150 tonnes of TCEP into the EU, with some exported and a total inflow of 1,007 tonnes/yr in 2002; Table 2.1 on pg
18 of PDF breaks down use rates for various applications
Process description: Risk assessment references various ESD's for plastics and paints and only provided a process description for manufacturing which is out of scope
Chemical concentration: "addition of 10 % TCEP relative to the finished foam is sufficient to achieve a clear flame retardant effect" for polyurethane foams; "the concentration of TCEP
in products amounts to 5 - 12 % (w/w). In addition in one product (cellulose acetate) a concentration of up to 70 % TCEP is possible. According to literature data
concentrations up to 40 % are used"
Comments: See Section 3.1.5 for use of ESD for paint and coating industry
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information and data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the EU, which includes OECD countries.
Data are for manufacturing/import and processing, in-scope occupational scenarios.
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by change over time and surveying multiple companies, but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 122 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 1 of 6
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
10284991
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding Products)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
"The level of automotive imports and exports into the EU were examined to indicate whether additional V6 could be entering via this route. European Commission
data (EC 2002) indicate that in 1999, EU imports of cars, light commercial vehicles and components were worth EUR 46.58 billion. During the same period, the
EU exported the equivalent of EUR 61.35 billion. Thus there was a net trade surplus for the EU with the rest of the world amounting to EUR 14.8 billion in 1999.
On this basis it could be argued that there is likely to be a net export from the EU of V6 in automotive goods. To be conservative, no attempt has been made to
account for this trade in the assessment." (pg. 35/262)Imports of furniture into the EU were examined to identify whether additional V6 may be entering the EU
via this route. Imports of upholstered furniture from outside the EU-15 amounted to 848 million Euros in 1997. Most of these were sourced from Poland (more
than 50%). Imports have been increasing continuously since 1993 to satisfy a growing internal demand. Extra-European exports of upholstered furniture stood
at 1.17 billion Euro in 1997, an increase of 25% on the previous year. Two countries accounted for more than half of these exports: the United States (39%) and
Switzerland (15%) (UEA, 2002). Thus there was a net trade surplus for the EU with the rest of the world amounting to 322 million Euro in 1997. On this basis it
could be argued that there is likely to be a net export from the EU of V6 in furniture products, especially as the main export market is the US and V6 is used to
meet the US standard (California 117). To be conservative, no attempt has been made to account for this trade in the assessment." (pg. 36/263)
"Moulded foam is mainly used in the automotive industry (seat cushions, headrests), with some use for office furniture. Slabstock foam is cut in accordance
with the specifications demanded by customers, the main application being for furniture (EC, 1997). Slabstock foams are also used for rear car seats and fabric
lining for seat covers and roofing in cars. The market for slabstock foams is around seven times larger than the market for moulded foams for car seats (Mark and
Kamprath 2000)..,V6 is used in flexible slabstock polyether and moulded foams (Rhodia 2000)." pg. 31/262"Following manufacture, most (over 95%) of the V6
produced is used as a flame retardant in the production of flexible polyurethane (PUR) foam, mainly for use in the automotive industry. V6 is not used in rigid
foams owing to cost considerations. Flexible foams are produced by pouring the blend of two raw materials (polyol and isocyanate) onto a rolling conveyer belt
(slabstock foam) or into a mould (moulded foam). Moulded foam is mainly used in the automotive industry (seat cushions headrests), with some use for office
furniture. The main application of slabstock foam is for furniture." (pg. 89/262)"Data provided by a foam producer indicates that V6 is used in the production
of foams for use with textiles in the manufacture ofcar seat, door panels, soundproofing, head-liners and cushions. The bulk of the seats are made using foam
that doesn't contain flame retardant. It is only the outer covering of foam associated with the covering fabric that contains V6. The assembly processes will
vary depending on the product being made, but will usually involve the use of adhesives to laminate foam and the material being used for the interior of the car,
cutting, trimming and stitching of components. Different operatives would carry out different tasks, so that, for example, one operator would laminate the foam
and fabric, another would stitch and trim the seat covering and another would assemble the seat. Some of these activities may be carried out by employees in
different companies." (pg. 107/262)
"Flexible foams are produced by pouring the blend of the two raw materials (polyol containing additives including flame retardants such as V6, and di-isocyanate)
onto a rolling conveyor belt (slabstock foam) or into a mould (moulded foam)...Blocks of PUR foam generally have to be cut into the required size/shape of the
final product. This operation usually occurs after the blocks have cured and cooled. For some applications (e.g. seats for office furniture), PUR foam can be
produced in a mould of the desired shape and so cutting is not required...Scrap foam may be sold as second quality foam, or will be granulated (to form 'crumb')
and made into rebonded foam." pg. 31-32/262
"ISOPA data (undated) indicates that 400 foamers/moulders are involved in the production of furniture and bedding from PUR foam in Europe each year,
consuming 530,000 tonnes of polyurethane. Given the price and specialist nature of V6, only a small number of foamers will use this flame retardant. Data have
been provided by the producer of V6. The number of sites using V6 is known." (pg. 35/262)
V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
Continued on next page ...
Page 123 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 1 of 6
... continued from previous page
Study Citation: EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID: 10284991
Conditions of Use: Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding Products)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric
Rating
Comments
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
Medium The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Medium Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 124 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 2 of 6
Study Citation: EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID: 10284991
Conditions of Use: Construction, Paint, Electrical, and Metal Products (Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere (e.g., rooting insulation))
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Life cycle description: "V6 can be combined with either TDCP or TCPP in order to reduce formulation cost (Rhodia, 2002)." (pg. 35/262). (Note: TDCP and/or TCPP can be used in
rigid foams
Chemical concentration: V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Comments: Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 125 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 3 of 6
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Parameter
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
10284991
Construction, Paint, Electrical, and Metal Products (Building/construction materials - wood and engineered wood products (e.g., compos-
ites))
EXTRACTION
Data
Life cycle description:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
(note: this is considered a recycling option for PUR foam) Adhesive pressing - PUR is granulated and blended with 5% to 10% polymeric MDI and formed
into boards/mouldings at temperatures up to 200oC and under pressure (20 to 200 bar). Products are finished by sawing and sanding or by applying additional
facings. Mainly for production trim from rigid block foam and panel production where composition is known. Also for production trim or used PUR from
some automotive parts (e.g. thermoformable foam from headliners, flexible integral skin foam from steering wheels, flexible foam backed car carpets). Main
applications are furniture in kitchens and sailing boats because virtually unaffected by water, also for flooring e.g. in gymnasiums which needs to have a certain
elasticity (see ISOPA 2001b)." (pg. 185/262)
V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology
High The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
Medium The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Medium Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness
High Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Continued on next page ...
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 3 of 6
... continued from previous page
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
10284991
Construction, Paint, Electrical, and Metal Products (Building/construction materials - wood and engineered wood products (e.g., compos-
ites))
Domain Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
High The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination
High
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Page 127 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 4 of 6
Study Citation: EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID: 10284991
Conditions of Use: Foam Recycling
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Production, import, or use volume: "A survey carried out by EUROPUR (pers. comm. 7th December 2005) accounted for approximately 45 kilotonnes of rebonded foam produced in the EU, and
it was estimated that approximately 60 kilotonnes are rebonded in total. A high proportion of this is produced in the UK (approximately 22 kilotonnes). Across
the EU, only a low proportion of this willcontain flame retardants. Cheaper non-FR foam trim can be obtained exclusively but it is likely that a site rebonding
FR-PUR will also be handling non-FR foam. It has been estimated that a typical site might rebond 3-5 kilotonnes of foam per year in total (pers. comm. 29th
April 2004)." (pg. 33/262)
"Use of Rebonded Foam - The relative high density and resilience of rebond make it suitable for applications including vibration sound dampening, sport mats,
cushioning, packaging and carpet underlay and new applications are constantly being developed (ISOPA 2001a). In cars, rebond can be used for sound insulation,
for example under the carpet in the boot. In cushioning, a strip of re-bonded foam is used along the front of some cushions on the basis that it is more hard
wearing. There is also some use in office furniture (ISOPA 2003)." Pg. 33/262
"Rebonding - In a typical process, foam scrap is fed through a shredding machine and then into a granulator. The granules are screw conveyed into a vessel where
the material is sprayed with pre-polymer and mixed to ensure a thorough coating. The coating granules are then screw conveyed into a rectangular or circular
moulding press where the mix is compressed and consolidated as the pre-polymer cures. Curing is facilitated by steam injection (HMIP 1995). The condensate is
ultimately removed under vacuum and vented to the air (pers. comm. 29th April 2004). The rebonded blocks are removed and allowed to stand in order to cool
(HMIP, 1995). The foam product is then either cut (converted) in the usual way (EUROPUR, 2005a), or can be"peeled" from the block at the desired thickness
and a suitable backing is then applied (EC, 2000). It has been reported that V6 is used as flame retardant for virgin and bonded flexible urethane foam (Ash 1997).
While V6 will be present in off-cuts of slabstock foam which undergo rebonding, owing to cost considerations it is believed that V6 would not be added directly
to the re-bonding process." (pg. 33/262)"Loose crumb - Shredded scrap foam is used directly for some applications. This is referred to as 'loose crumb' and is
used in deep-buttoned soft-cushions for garden furniture and in some low-grade furniture applications. In Europe, the major use of loose crumb is reported to
be in garden furniture. The foam industry has indicated that the market for reuse of scrap foam in this way is small and is deteriorating (Biirgi, 2002). To give
a realistic worst case, and in the absence of firm information, it is assumed in this assessment that 70% of the scrap foam remaining in the EU will be rebonded
and 30% will be recycled as loose crumb. While all such furniture previously was returned to the UK to meet the demand generated by UK regulations, 50% now
stays in mainland Europe. For the purposes of this risk assessment it is assumed that 75% of scrap foam generated in the EU remains here, with the remaining
25% being exported to the US. Thus it is assumed that 75% of the V6 in scrap foam remains in the EU." (pg. 34/262)For a full summary of recycling options for
PUR foams, including further details on the rebonding process and use of rebonded foam, refer to section 2 of the Life Cycle Annex.
Chemical concentration: V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Comments: Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Continued on next page ...
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Page 128 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 4 of 6
... continued from previous page
Study Citation: EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID: 10284991
Conditions of Use: Foam Recycling
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 129 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 5 of 6
Study Citation: EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID: 10284991
Conditions of Use: Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: "The [plastic] ESD gives lifetimes for furniture of five to ten years. ISOPA (1997) gives PUR-specific lifetimes for furnishing/mattresses of greater than ten years.
This is supported by reports that 50% of households change their upholstered furniture every eight to sixteen years (DTI undated). In the risk assessment, a
lifetime of ten years is used. All in-service losses are evaluated on a regional basis (over 365 days per year) because no specific local source can be identified for
these releases. All service is taken to be indoors." (pg. 44/262)"Disposal to landfill is considered likely to be the most significant route of disposal of flexible foam
and other articles containing V6. Monitoring data for landfill leachate in England and Wales suggests that this is a significant exposure route for TCPP but not for
TDCP. There are no monitoring data available on concentrations of V6 in landfill leachate. However, V6 has a lower volatility than both TDCP and TCPP and its
water solubility and adsorption potential is intermediate between the two. It is therefore likely to be less mobile in landfills than TCPP. In addition, the tonnage of
V6 in articles in service (and hence tonnages passing to landfill) per year, at the regional scale, is less than 5% of the equivalent tonnage of TCPP. Therefore the
contribution of releases via landfill leachate to the PEC regional values is considered to be negligible for the present risk assessment." (pg. 45/262)
Chemical concentration: V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Comments: Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
Medium The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Medium Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness
High Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Continued on next page ...
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 5 of 6
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
10284991
Disposal
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
High The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 131 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 6 of 6
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
10284991
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Process description:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
"Flame bonding is a method for laminating polyurethane foam sheet to materials such as textiles. The foam sheet is passed across a propane/air flame and the
foam is then brought together with the textile material between pressure rolls. The flame treatment generates a chemically active surface which facilitates bonding
to the textile substrate (HMIP, 1995). The high temperature used in flame bonding leads to emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene,
together with hydrogen cyanide and particulate matter as a result of pyrolysis. Free di-isocyanates including toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), are also present in the
fumes which are given off in the process, as a result of oxidation and chain scission (HMIP, 1995). Flame lamination companies within the EU have to comply
with national emission regulations and most facilities achieve these requirements by the use of appropriate attenuation techniques. Activated carbon scrubbing
techniques are often used to meet the more stringent national emission legislation (pers. comm. 22nd January 2007)." (pg. 32/262)
V6 contains between 4.5 and 7.5 % TCEP (w/w) (pg. 18/262), however, "It has been indicated (EUROPUR, 2005a) that V6 is now available with no TCEP
impurity" (pg. 19/262)
Per V6 assessment, EU is expected to have exported these types of products to the US, however they also acknowledge that the EU has tended away from exporting
scrap foam to the US (pg. 36/262) "The use of the flame retardant V6 in automotive and furniture applications is driven by firesafety standards. The key standards,
applicable globally, are:* the Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standard No. 302 for automotive applications (seeSection 2.2.2.1.5)* the California Bulletin of Home
Furnishings 117 for furniture applications (see section2.2.2.1.6)." (pg. 37/262)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology
High The assessment or report uses high quality data and sound methods that are from a fre-
quently used source (e.g., European Union reports) and are generally accepted by the
scientific community, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality is-
sues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium The data are from an OECD country other than the U.S., and locality-specific factors
(e.g., potential differences in regulatory occupational exposure or emission limits, indus-
try/ process technologies) may impact exposures or releases relative to the U.S.
Medium The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation,
however, the scenario(s) may or my not be currently ongoing.
Medium The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Medium Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness
High Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Continued on next page ...
Page 132 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10284991 Table: 6 of 6
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
EU, (2008). European Union Risk Assessment: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (v6) (CAS No: 38051-10-4, EINECS
No: 253-760-2).
HERO ID:
10284991
Conditions of Use:
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric Rating Comments
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness High The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 133 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5155913 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
(2015). Environmental concentrations and consumer exposure data for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID:
5155913
Conditions of Use:
Processing (various end products in several industries)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Chemical concentration: Table 2-8 gives TCEP concentration in several products, data from many studies by multiple authors are summarized. TCEP detected in polyurethane foam
samples for several end products (e.g., couches, mattresses, baby products), paints, computers, LCDs, and sealants. Studies from U.S., Canada, Belgium, Japan,
Denmark, and Germany. Table 2-7 provides similar data for concentrations in dust
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Assessment uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there
are no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from the U.S. and 3 OECD countries (Canada, Belgium, Germany)
Data are for various processing and/or use operations, which are in-scope occupational
scenarios.
Assessment is based on data from several sources ranging from 1985 to 2012, most in
early 2000s, that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (mean/median, ranges) but dis-
crete samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting data ranges but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 134 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5185320 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
NICNAS, (2010). Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1): Human health tier III assessment.
HERO ID:
5185320
Conditions of Use:
Industrial/Commercial Use
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Chemical concentration: "In general, to achieve appropriate flame retardant effects, the loading rates of the chemical in flexible foams are between 2.5 and 14 known impurity in V6
mixtures at concentration of 4.5-7%; "TCEP was measured in children's car seats, baby slings and prams (Danish EPA, 2016). The TCEP levels ranged between
41-840 mg/kg. In the USA market, TCEP was detected in concentrations over 1000 mg/kg foam in car seats, changing pads, sleep positioners, portable mattresses,
nursing pillows, baby carriers, rocking chairs, high chairs, infant bath mats, and baby walkers "
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are for various industrial and commercial uses, including in-scope occupational
scenarios.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 135 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 659040 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
NICNAS, (2001), Priority existing chemical assessment report no, 17: Trisphosphates, Priority existing chemical assessment report Vol(2001):49.
HERO ID:
659040
Conditions of Use:
Import, Incorporation into formulation, Industrial/Commercial Uses
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: Total chlorinated triphosphates (mostly TCEP and TCPP) imported in bulk around 410 tonnes per yr, with TCEP imported at 120 tonnes/yr; TCEP imports
expected to decrease; 85% used for flexible or rigid PU foams; one reporter stated that <5% of paints manufactured contained TCEP, and another reported use
between 5,000-10,000kg of TCEP per year
formulation of TCEP-containing resins typically carried out in closed system; paint manufacturing with TCEP carried out standard closed industrial mixers
imported in 200 Liter steel drums into Australia; TCEP-containing resin formulation performed twice per month, with 150kg of TCEP used per batch
chlorinated triphosphates used exclusively as flame retardants and/or plasticizers, typically in concentrations of 5-20%; typically around 7% present in final flexible
or rigid foams; polyester resins typically contain 4-20% TCEP
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from Australia, which is an OECD country.
Data are for various in-scope occupational scenarios, including import, incorporation
into a formulation, and industrial/commercial use, and disposal
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by change over time and occasional information from different
manufacturers, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Process description:
Throughput:
Chemical concentration:
Page 136 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3808976 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2011), Emission scenario document on coating application via spray-pain ting in the automotive refinishing industry.
HERO ID:
3808976
Conditions of Use:
Automotive Coating Application
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: "54,633,000 total gallons automotive refinish coatings/yr 99,747 - 1,097,457 gallons coating/yr (depending on coating type)
Process description: Repair/replace automotive surface, initial wash (water/detergent and/or solvent), sanding (dry or wet), mixing of primer coatings, spray paint (multiple layers
of primer), curing/drying each layer, sanding (dry or wet), solvent wipe-down, mixing of each coating (basecoat and clearcoat), spray paint (multiple layes of
basecoat and clearcoat), curing/drying each layer
Throughput: "0.25-12 gal coating/site-day, depending on number of jobs Also provides method for adjsuting the use rate based on the type of coating product used"
Number of sites: 32,296
Chemical concentration: 15-25%
Comments: operating days: 250 days/yr
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (min, max, mean) but discrete
samples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating types.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 137 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3827298 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario documents on coating industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes).
HERO ID:
3827298
Conditions of Use:
Formulation of Coatings and Use of Coatings
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: 3.2 million tonnes coating/yr
Process description: "PROC: Dispersion, milling, finishing, filling USE: Application via roller/brush, air spray systems, airless and air-assissted airless spray systems, electrostatic
spray, electrodeposition/electrocoating and autodeposition, dip coating, flow and curtain coating, roll coating, and supercritical carbon dioxide coating systems"
Throughput: 0.62-9.01/vehicle (auto refinishing); 1.1-5.1 g coating/can (metal can coating sites)
Number of sites: 60,330 automotive application sites; 33 metal coating application sites
Chemical concentration: Provides conc. estimates based on the chemical function, not chemical specific.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
This ESD was not developed by EPA, but another OECD-member country.
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical func-
tions and coating types
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 138 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
3827299
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
The total U.S. adhesive production in 1999 was estimated at approximately 15 billion pounds, and was anticipated to grow by 2 billion pounds by 2004 (Kirk-
Othmer, 2002).Table 3.2, pg. 43/168, gives breakdown of PV's by adhesive type
Adhesives are formulated by mixing together volatile and nonvolatile chemical components, such as binders and components in sealed, unsealed, or heated
processes. The specific formulation process used depends on the type of adhesive being produced (ASC, 2005). The three general process types each have distinct
sources of release and worker exposure activities. Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 illustrate these adhesive process types. The followingsections describe each type of
process in more detail. (P. 24/168)
Table 3.2, pg. 43/168, gives breakdown of number of sites by adhesive type
Table 2.1, pg. 32/168,
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and work activities.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities that are expected
to be reasonably representative of current conditions. The completed exposure or risk
assessment is generally, more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized.
Continued on next page ...
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3827299 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on adhesive formulation.
HERO ID:
3827299
Conditions of Use:
Processing-Polymers/resins (2-part formulations)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric Rating
Comments
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 140 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 3827300 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2013). Emission scenario document on the industrial use of adhesives for substrate bonding.
HERO ID: 3827300
Conditions of Use: Adhesive Application
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
1,500 - 9,100,000 kg adhesive/site-yr
unloading, dilute and mix (optional), application (roll, spray, curtain, bead/syringe), drying/curing, product finishing
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of adhesived used, and the concentration of the chemical in the formulation
541-22,294
Provides conc. estimates based on chemical function and adhesive type, not chemical specific,
operating days: 50-365 days/yr
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions, types of adhesives, and end use markets.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 141 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 3828838 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2017). Emission scenario document (ESD) on the use of textile dyes.
HERO ID: 3828838
Conditions of Use: Textile Dyes
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: Dye formulation received, unloaded, dyeing of fiber, yarn, or fabric
Throughput: Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of textile dyed and concentration of chemical in the dye
Number of sites: Provides methodology to estimate number of sites based on chemical production volume, use rate, and operating days
Chemical concentration: Provides conc. estimates based on the chemical function, not chemical specific.
Comments: operating days: 31-295 days/yr
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment from 2015 but is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple chemical func-
tions
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 142 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3833136 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
HERO ID:
3833136
Conditions of Use:
Processing - use of polymers/resins (incorporation into article)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: Approximately 18 billion pounds (8.2 billion kilograms) of adhesives and sealants with an estimated value of $12.3 billion were used in the United States in 2003
(Impact Marketing, 2005).Tables 1-6 and 1-7 provide PVs by end use market and product type respectively, (pgs 27-28/189)
Life cycle description: The end use market for adhesives is extremely broad and diverse. Adhesives are generally composed of a binder material formulated with other components.
Binders are typically natural or synthetic high molecular weight polymers. Binders may alternatively contain reactive organic compounds (e.g. prepolymers,
oligomers, monomers) that form polymers during the bonding process. Some materials commonly used as binders in adhesive formulations are esters, natural and
synthetic rubber, polyvinyl compounds, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, and acrylate polymers. Adhesives may also contain components such as non-reactive resins,
plasticizers, fillers, thickeners, solvents, hardeners, and setting retarders (Ullmann, 1985).
Process description: Table 1, pg 11/189, provides end use markets and typical application methods.Section 2 provides process descriptions for several application methods (pgs 32-
40/189)
Chemical concentration: Tables 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5, pg. 25-26/189, provides concentration ranges by component type
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from a frequently used source (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations,
and work activities.
The assessment captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be
representative of current conditions. EPA has no reason to believe exposures have
changed. The completed exposure or risk assessment is generally no more than 10 years
old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Medium
High
Metric 5:
Sample Size
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Continued on next page ...
Page 143 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3833136 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
OECD, (2015). Emission scenario document on use of adhesives.
HERO ID:
3833136
Conditions of Use:
Processing - use of polymers/resins (incorporation into article)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric Rating Comments
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness High The assessment addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well
characterized.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 144 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3840003 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2010). Emission scenario document on formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.
3840003
Formulation of Coatings, inks, and adhesives
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
0.7-69.84 million kg coating/ink/adhesive/yr
Preheating (optional), Unloading raw materials from containers into mixing kettle, mixing, filtering, packaging
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of product produced, and the concentration of the chemical in the formulation
Provides methodology for estimating number of sites based on chemical PV, the use rate, and the concentration of the chemical in the formulation
Provides conc. estimates based on chemical function, not chemical specific,
operating days: 250 days/yr
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This ESD was developed by EPA based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering various chemical func-
tions and types of UV curable products.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 145 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5079084 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on plastic additives.
HERO ID: 5079084
Conditions of Use: Plastics Compounding and Converting
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Provides % of polymers used for various end-use applications
"Provides descriptions for a variety of closed, partially open, and open compounding and converting processing. Including the following compounding processes:
tumbling, ball blending, gravity mixers, paddle mixers, intensive vortex mixers, banbury mixers, two roll mills, and extruder mixing. And the following converting
processes: extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, film extrusion, extrusion coating, thermoforming,
calendering, hand lay up, spray techniques, and filament winding. ESD also provides a break down of the % and volume of polymers used in each process in the
UK."
Provides methodology for estimating throughput of polymers and additives
4000 sites in UK
Provides conc. estimates based on additive function in various plastics, not chemical specific.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium This ESD was not developed by EPA, but another OECD-member country.
Medium Data are for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
Low Assessment from 2009 but is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Medium Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering prevalence of various
processing methods, additive functions, and plastics.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 146 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6393282 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
OECD, (2009). Emission scenario document on transport and storage of chemicals.
6393282
Processing
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Comments:
11 million tonnes shipped via rail tankers 30 million tonnes shipped via pipelines
Transport and storage of chemicals
On-site storage of chemicals, filling of containers, transport to distributors/downstream users/consumers, containers with residual chemical transported to recylc-
ing/cleaning or disporal site, empty/cleaned containers returned to distributor or production site
Road tankers: 18-25 tonnes Rail tankers: 130,000 L IBCs: 400-2,000 L or 225-2,270 kg Steel Drums: 49-416 L Steel Pails:
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6311222 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Science Applications International Corporation, (1996). Generic scenario for automobile spray coating: Draft report.
HERO ID: 6311222
Conditions of Use: Industrial/commercial use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
"Number of cars painted per site: 166,000 (range: 81,563 to 262,000 for 14 plant Auto refinish: 70-2,000 L paints/yr"
Pretreatment (wash) of car body, E-coat (dip), oven/cure, primer (spray), oven/cure, basecoat (spray), oven/cure, clearcoat (Spray), oven/cure
"Auto OEM: 250 days/yrAuto refinish: 170 days/yr"
"Auto OEM: 61 sitesAuto refinish: 1000's of sites"
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
Low
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an occupational scenario similar to in-scope scenarios, and data is general
and not specific to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering OEM and refinish ap-
plications.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 148 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5155526 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) (2013). Toxicity review of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
HERO ID: 5155526
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into article(s)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Table 6-5 gives TCEP concentration in several products, data from seven studies by multiple authors are summarized. TCEP detected in polyurethane foam
samples, paints, mattresses, and sealants. Studies from U.S., Canada, Belgium and Germany.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Assessment uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there
are no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from the U.S. and 3 OECD countries (Canada, Belgium, Germany)
Data are for products containing TCEP, which is in-scope.
Assessment is based on data from several sources ranging from 1985 to 2012, most in
early 2000s, that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions
Sample distribution characterized by limited statistics (means, ranges) but discrete sam-
ples not provided and distribution not fully characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by presenting data ranges but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 149 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10480464 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2022). Commercial use of automotive detailing products - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
(Methodology review draft).
10480464
Automotive detailing products
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
Provides methodology to estimate annual use rate based on number of cars, product used per car, and density of product
Automotive detailing products
Receive detailing products, dilute with water, application to vehicle through washing, polishing, and/or wiping
1 to 16 ounces of automotive detailing product per car
Provides methodology to estimate number of sites based on chemical production volume, annual throughput - 147,152 total establishments
'Provides conc. estimates based on the chemical function, not chemical specific.
Operating Days per Year and Batches per Day: 260 days/yr
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Uninformative
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
The assessment is from an occupational or non-occupational scenario that does not
apply to any occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering different chemical
functions
Overall Quality Determination
Uninformative
Page 150 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10480466 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2023). Use of laboratory chemicals - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (Revised draft generic
scenario).
10480466
Use - Laboratory Chemicals
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Provides methodology to estimate annual use rate.
Laboratory Chemicals
Receive chemicals, weigh or measure chemical, add chemical to labware, dilute/add other laboratory chemicals, add sample, run analytical testing, dispose of
sample and laboratory chemical waste
260 days/yr; 255 grams reagent/site-day (average); 2,000 mL reagent/site-day (average); Table 3-2 gives daily throughput for laboratory stock solutions
Provides methodology to estimate number of sites based on chemical production volume, annual throughput - 40,639 total establishments
'Provides conc. estimates based on the chemical function, not chemical specific.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering different chemical
functions
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 151 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 11182966 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised draft).
11182966
Repackaging
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Physical form:
Table B-l presents PMN data on repackaging rate in kg chemical/site-yr.
Repackaging
Pre-manufacture notices (PMN) submitted from 2010 to 2020 under EPA's New Chemicals Program indicated imported and repackaged chemicals can be solids
or liquids and may be neat or in solutions/mixtures and contained in various packaging types. After they arrive at the repackaging site, repackaging operations
occur where the chemical is transferred from the transport container it was imported in to a new one of a different size in order to meet the customer's needs
(JACO, 2021). Chemicals may also be transferred from original containers to intermediate storage containers before packaging into smaller containers (Cooke,
2013; NIOSH, 2009). Chemicals are expected to be received at repackaging sites in drums or larger bulk containers (supersacks, totes, tank trucks, etc.) (Cooke,
2013; NIOSH, 2009). The chemical of interest may be received in its final formulation and transferred directly from these large containers into smaller containers,
charged to a temporary storage tank, or it may be charged to a mixing tank and diluted or mixed with other chemicals before it is repackaged. Once the chemical
has been formulated to desired specifications, it can be repackaged. Workers may be potentially exposed during the unloading of chemicals from the original
transport containers into temporary storage or new transport containers. Releases of chemicals may also occur during this stage, from open container surfaces
(e.g., if the chemical is volatile), transfer operations (e.g., if the chemical is volatile or a powder), and original transport container disposal.Repackaging operations
for liquid chemicals typically involve pouring or pumping the product from the original containers or mixing /storage tanks into the new containers. A study
conducted by the Health and Safety Laboratory in the U.K. investigated two chemical repackaging sites (Cooke, 2013). At both of these sites the chemical was
delivered to the site by road tanker and pumped into dedicated storage tanks. One of the sites, a hydrazine supplier, pumped the hydrazine into a mixing vessel
where it was diluted with water and packaged into smaller containers for sale to customers. At the other site, trichloroethylene was pumped from storage tanks into
a closed loop system where workers using a hydraulic lance connected to a semi-automated filling system transferred the chemical into new containers (Cooke,
2013). The usual process for repackaging solid chemicals differs from the processes for liquids. A NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report (HHE) from 2009
investigated a repackaging facility that was transferring bulk shipments of silane-coated glass beads ranging between 0.2 - 1.2mm in diameter. At this facility,
2,200 lb supersacks of the product are lifted with a forklift over a metal bin, then cutting the bottom of the container with a knife to empty the beads into the bin.
The metal bin is then lifted by a forklift, and the glass beads are poured into hoppers. From the hoppers the beads are gravity fed into smaller cardboard boxes or
paper sacks that are shipped to customers (NIOSH, 2009). Workers may be potentially exposed during the transfer of chemicals from temporary storage into new
transport containers. Releases of chemicals may also occur during this stage from open container surfaces (e.g., if the chemical is volatile), transfer operations
(e.g., if the chemical is volatile or a powder), and cleaning any equipment that was used in during the process.
The number of operating days is given in a range of 174-260 days/yr with an EPA default of 260 days/yr.
Table 1-2 presents the number of repackaging sites based on 2019 U.S. Census data.
A fraction of completed IRERs from 2010-2020 were reviewed, 21 submissions contained information on chemical repackaging. In these submissions, chemicals
were repackaged at concentrations ranging from 1% to 100%, with a 50th percentile of 93%, a 95th percentile of 100%, and a mode of 100%.
Solid or liquid.
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality information/data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
This GS is based on U.S. data.
Metric 3:
Applicability
Medium
Data are for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Continued on next page ...
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 11182966 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2022). Chemical repackaging - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases (revised draft).
11182966
Repackaging
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Assessment is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete use amounts provided).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple repackaging
facilities.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 153 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3827197 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2014). Formulation of waterborne coatings - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases -Draft.
HERO ID: 3827197
Conditions of Use: Processing - Incorporation into a formulation
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Chemical concentration:
1.6-16 million kg coatings/site-yr
Unloading solid/liquid components from tank cars, totes, drums, or sacks and from filter replacement -> pre-mixer (pigment dispersion), grinder (pigment
dispersion), blending tank, filter, packaging
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of coatings produced, and the concentration of the chemical in the coating235-350 operating
days/yr
Provides conc. estimates based on chemical function and coating type, not chemical specific.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple coating appli-
cations, and multiple chemical functions
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 154 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6304171 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (2004), Use of additives in foamed plastics - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases - Draft,
HERO ID:
6304171
Conditions of Use:
Processing - Use of Additives in Foamed Plastics
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: 2,365 million lbs polyurethane foam/yr6,442 million lbs polystyrene/yr
Process description: Converters mix plastic resins with additives, shaping/molding
Number of sites: 566 total polystyrene sites, 610 total polyurethane foam sites
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are reasonably expected to be representative of
current industry conditions.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 155 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6311218 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (compounding) - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental release -
Draft.
HERO ID: 6311218
Conditions of Use: Plastics Compounding
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
Polymer pellets/resins received, blending/compounding into masterbatch, extrusion/shaping, packaging
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of plastic produced, and the concentration of the chemical additive in the plastic.
Provides methodology for estimating number of sites based on chemical PV, the amount of plastic produced, and the concentration of the chemical additive in the
plastic.
Provides conc. estimates based on additive function in various plastics, not chemical specific,
operating days: 148-264 days/yr
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic and
additive types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 156 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6385711 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2014). Use of additives in the thermoplastic converting industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases.
HERO ID: 6385711
Conditions of Use: Plastics Converting
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
Compounded resins received, unloaded, forming/molding/shaping, trimming, finishing (including coating operations)
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of plastic produced, and the concentration of the chemical additive in the plastic.
Provides methodology for estimating number of sites based on chemical PV, the amount of plastic produced, and the concentration of the chemical additive in the
plastic.
Provides conc. estimates based on additive function in various plastics, not chemical specific,
operating days per year: 137-254
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is generally based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20
years old and industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current indus-
try conditions.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple plastic and
additive types.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 157 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6385715 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Industry profile for the flexible polyurethane foam industry - generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental
releases: Draft.
6385715
Processing - Incorporation into an article
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
42-578 million lbs flex foam/yr
"Slabstock foam: Raw materials metered into a single mix head, dispensed to an enclosed conveyor system, foam-producing reactions, foam cut-
ting/fabricationMolded foam: Premix of raw materials (optional), raw materials pumped to a common mix head, dispensed into molds, heating/curing, molds
opened and emptied, cell crushing, foam repair (optional)"
Provides methodology for estimating throughput based on the amount of foam produced, and the concentration of the chemical in the foam250 operating days/yr
Provides methodology for estimating number of sites based on chemical PV, the use rate, and the concentration of the chemical in the foam
Provides conc. estimates based on chemical function, not chemical specific.
Data is general and not specific to a TCEP.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Medium
This GS is based on U.S. data
Data is for an in-scope occupational scenario; however, data is general and not specific
to a chemical.
Assessment is based on data greater than 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering multiple foam and
additive types.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 158 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6549571 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases. Draft.
6549571
Additives in Plastics Processing (Converting into Finished Products)
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Number of sites:
Chemical concentration:
Table 2 presents the types of thermoplastic resins, common uses, and 2003 production volume.
The plastic manufacturing industry can be divided into four sections: polymer manufacturing, compounding, converting, and "in-house" manufacturing. This
generic scenario will address converting operations. Polymer manufacturing will not be included in this scenario. Compounders produce masterbatches of plastic
resins with specific properties by blending the polymer (resin), additives, fillers, and reinforcements. Converters receive the masterbatch of plastic resin from
compounders and form finished plastic products. Compounding and converting may take place as the same facility ("in-house" manufacturing) or at separate
facilities. This scenario assumes that compounding and converting take place at separate facilities; therefore, in-house manufacturing is not covered in this
scenario.
Various plastic processing operation descriptions are provided in Table 5, and a Process Diagram is provided on PDF pg. 10. More generally, polymer resin is
received at the compounding sites from the resin manufacturer in the form of pellets. A compounding site blends the resin and additives to produce a masterbatch.
The converting site then processes the masterbatch by shaping the plastic into the desired form for the final plastic product. The blending and forming may take
place at the same facility ("in house" manufacturing) or separate facilities. As a conservative estimate, it is assumed that the compounding of the plastic resin and
the converting of the resin into plastic products take place at separate facilities. Therefore, in-house manufacturing is not covered in this scenario. After shaping,
finishing operations such as filing, grinding, sanding, polishing, painting, bonding, coating, engraving etc. are performed to complete the finished plastic product.
This scenario covers the converting of plastic resins into finished products.
Daily use rate = amount of resin / # converting sites / days of operation x fraction of additive x fraction of chemical in additive
Overall, there were 12,191 Plastic Product Manufacturing establishments in 2001. Table 1 provides Number of Establishments for subcategories of NAICS 3261
Plastic Product Manufacturing.
Default values used to represent the weight fraction of various additives in plastic resin range from 0.001 - 0.5. These values are provided in Table 2 and Table 3.
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment uses high quality data that are from a frequently used source are gener-
ally accepted by the scientific community, and associated information does not indicate
flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The assessment is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
However, data is not chemical specific.
Data are greater than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Low
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Continued on next
page...
Page 159 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6549571 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (2004). Additives in plastics processing (converting into finished products) -generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and envi-
ronmental releases. Draft.
HERO ID:
6549571
Conditions of Use:
Additives in Plastics Processing (Converting into Finished Products)
EVALUATION
Domain
Metric Rating Comments
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness Medium Variability is addressed by evaluation of various plastic processing operations, as well as
various additive fractions. However, uncertainty associated with data are not character-
ized.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 160 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8674805 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2021). Application of spray polyurethane foam insulation - Generic scenario for estimating occupational exposures and environmental releases
- Final.
8674805
Commercial Use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume: 365 million lbs of 2-component spray foam/yr and 55 million lbs of 1-component spray foam/yr
Process description: pre-spraying activites, SPF application, trimming, cleanup, chemical transfers, maintenance activites
Comments: Data is general and not specific to TCEP.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High This GS is based on U.S. data
Low Data may be relevant for a potential historic in-scope scenario; however, data is general
and not specific to TCEP.
High Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Low Sample distribution is characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty not addressed. Variability addressed by considering one- and two-
component foams.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 161 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5349334 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several phosphate
esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
HERO ID: 5349334
Conditions of Use: Import
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
According to data from IUCLID for 1991/1992, the European market amounted up to 10,500 tonnes per year (European Commission, 2004c). IPCS (1998) states
that global consumption of TCEP peaked at over 9000 tonnes in 1989 but had declined to below 4000 tonnes by 1997. This number is markedly lower today being
less than 1000 tonnes
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from Europe, which includes multiple OECD countries.
Data are for manufacture/use volume of TCEP, which is related to import scenarios.
Report is mostly based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are
expected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by change over time, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 162 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5349334 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Verbruggen, J., E.M., Rila, J. P., Traas, T. P., Posthuma-Doodeman, A.,M, C.J., Posthumus, R. (2005). Environmental risk limits for several phosphate
esters, with possible application as flame retardant.
5349334
Commercial Uses (all)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Life cycle description:
historic use in rigid and flexible polyurethane foams and systems; TCEP is used primarily as a flame retardant for unsaturated polyester resins and no longer much
used in polyurethanes. The main industrial branches to use TCEP as a flame-retardant plasticiser are the textile and the building industry (roof insulation). Other
utilisation in small volumes of TCEP is represented by flame resistant paints and varnishes, e.g. for polyvinyl acetate or acetyl cellulose.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Assessment uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from Europe, which includes multiple OECD countries.
Data are for use of TCEP in polyurethane foams, resins, and paints/varnishes, which are
in-scope for TCEP
Report is mostly based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are
expected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment information is provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data
sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 163 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604374 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: America,, TCI (2018). Safety Data Sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, P0268.
HERO ID: 10604374
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - e.g., Laboratory chemicals
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Neat TCEP concentration listed as at least 97 percent (safety data sheet)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for laboratory use, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 164 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604372 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Biotechnology,, S.C. (2018). Safety data sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, SC-229621.
HERO ID: 10604372
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - e.g., Laboratory chemicals
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Neat TCEP listed with concentration of greater than 98 percent
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for laboratory uses, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 165 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 16335 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Bolstad-Johnson, D. M., Burgess, J. L., Crutchfield, C. D., Storment, S., Gerkin, R., Wilson, J. R. (2000). Characterization of firefighter exposures during
fire overhaul. American Industrial Hygiene Association lournal 61(5):636-641.
HERO ID: 16335
Conditions of Use: Firefighters (Included as PESS)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Number of sites: 25 sites analyzed (14 houses, 6 apartments, and 5 commercial buildings)
Comments: Per the article it is during the overhaul stage, due to little or no smoke, that a firefighter may decide to remove their respirator. The article does not have any data
for, nor does it mention, TCEP. There is exposure data for a variety of other chemicals typically encountered in a fire, this could still be useful in the event that
byproducts or degradants are evaluated.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods
that are from frequently used sources (e.g., European Union or OECD reports, NIOSH
HHEs, journal articles, Kirk-Othmer) and are generally accepted by the scientific com-
munity, and associated information does not indicate flaws or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Firefighters will be included as a PESS, therefore the report is for an occupational sce-
nario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
The report is more than 20 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
High
The report addresses variability and uncertainty in the results. Uncertainty is well char-
acterized.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 166 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 1267867 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Burgess, W. A. (1991). Potential exposures in the manufacturing industry—
HERO ID: 1267867
Conditions of Use: Processing, Commercial use
-Their recognition and control. :595-674.
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Chemical concentration:
General process description for use of reactors, liquid-solid separations, drying and packaging, and transport... Process description for various paint application
method including low pressure-low volume, high volume-low pressure, electrostatic, and powder coating; transfer efficiencies and use rates provided as estimates
additives included in powder paint particles at 1-2%
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for generic paint application and chemical processing, which is similar to the
in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use in paint and coatings and incorporation of
TCEP into formulations, mixtures, and articles.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 167 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 4565753 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CEC, (2015). Enhancing Trilateral Understanding of Flame Retardants and Their Use in Manufactured Items: Supply Chain Analysis of Select Flame
Retardants Contained in Manufactured Items that are Used in Indoor Environments.
4565753
Processing - Incorporation into articles
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
Flame retardant concentrations in flexible PUF generally range from zero to 15 percent.lt was speculated that flame retardants may be found in lower density
foams in concentrations up to five percent, while higher density foams may typically have lower flame retardant concentrations, if they use flame retardants at all
Potentially Contains TCEP in flexible PUF. Signified as known to be or likely present in rigid plastic, flexible PUF, textiles, PVC, resin, rigid PUF, spray foam,
furnishings/ electrical/electronic products, construction materials, automotive, and textiles/coatings/adhesives. Lists some specific manufactured items.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Low
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of flame retardants into articles, an in-scope occupational
scenario, but TCEP specifically is not characterized at specific concentrations
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution is described qualitatively.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 168 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 4565753 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: CEC, (2015). Enhancing Trilateral Understanding of Flame Retardants and Their Use in Manufactured Items: Supply Chain Analysis of Select Flame
Retardants Contained in Manufactured Items that are Used in Indoor Environments.
HERO ID: 4565753
Conditions of Use: Manufacturing - Import
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
Number of sites:
presents CDR data for TCEP-CBI datalndustry representatives estimated that approximately 30 percent of residential upholstered furniture is imported from
overseas, predominantly from China... Both AHFA and major manufacturers of flame retardants speculated that more flame retardants are imported into North
America already incorporated into manufactured items than are imported as raw materials.
1 site-Import
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Low
Data are from the U.S.
Covers chemical and product manufacturers and importers, which are in scope.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution is described qualitatively and speculated.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Sources, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 169 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 4296230 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CECBP, (2008). Brominated and chlorinated organic chemical compounds used as flame retardants: Materials for the December 4-5, 2008 meeting of
the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (CECBP): Scientific Guidance Panel (SGP): Agenda item: Consideration of potential
designated chemicals.
4296230
Industrial/Commercial Use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Life cycle description:
TCEP is an additive flame retardant and plasticizer used in flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, plastics, carpet backing, and textile backcoating.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
No sample data.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 170 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 4296230 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: CECBP, (2008). Brominated and chlorinated organic chemical compounds used as flame retardants: Materials for the December 4-5, 2008 meeting of
the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (CECBP): Scientific Guidance Panel (SGP): Agenda item: Consideration of potential
designated chemicals.
HERO ID: 4296230
Conditions of Use: Manufacturing/Import
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
Annual U.S. production/import volume was 1-10 million pounds for the reporting years 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998 and 2002.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Sample distributions characterized by range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by accounting for different years, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 171 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10442901 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Industrial application of coatings by spraying.
HERO ID:
10442901
Conditions of Use:
Industrial Use of Paints and Coatings
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: Pg. 2/5: The typical maximum daily usage per site of the product is 1000 kg. This amount is subdivided as follows: pigment/extender/filler: 100 kg; Binder: 100
kg; Water 350 kg; Organic solvent/coalescent: 450 kg; and additive: 5 kg.
Comments: The industrial uses that the data in the data source pertain to are specified in the data source by codes. These codes are defined in EU guidance documents, but are
not defined in the data source. Whether these industrial uses are relevant to the assessment of TECP cannot be determined based on the data source.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
EU data
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
Low
EU data
There is uncertainty about whether the data is applicable - see comment above.
Data is less than 20 years old.
No statistics
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 172 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10442902 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CEPE, (2020). SpERC fact sheet: Professional application of coatings and inks by spraying.
10442902
Commercial Use of Paints and Coatings
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Pg. 2/4: The typical maximum daily usage per site of the product is 100 kg. This amount is subdivided as follows: pigment/extender/filler: 10 kg; Binder: 10 kg;
Water 35 kg; Organic solvent/coalescent: 45 kg; and additive: 0.5 kg.
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology High EU data
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size
Medium EU data
High Data is for a COU
High Less than 20 years old
Low No statistics
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness
Low Data sources and rationale not transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness
Low Uncertainty and variability not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 173 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604006 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: CharCoat, (2017). Safety data sheet: 2017-2018, CharCoat CC.
HERO ID: 10604006
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP present at 0.9 to 1.5 percent in coating formulation (pg 2)
Also contains product density of 1.43 g/mL
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
Medium
Data are from Canada, an OECD country.
Data are for incorporation into paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by range of possible concentrations for product listed on SDS, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 174 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604006 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: CharCoat, (2017). Safety data sheet: 2017-2018, CharCoat CC.
HERO ID: 10604006
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - Paints and Coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP present at 0.9 to 1.5 percent in coating formulation (pg 2)
Also contains product density of 1.43 g/mL
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
Medium
Data are from Canada, an OECD country.
Data are for use in paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by range of possible concentrations for product listed on SDS, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 175 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604008 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CharCoat, (2019). Technical data sheet: CharCoat CC cable coating.
10604008
Commercial Use - Paints and Coatings
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Process description:
Flame retardant coating technical sheet provides end uses and directions for application ("Application by brush, roller or airless spraying"). Also provides
container size of product (5 gal plastic pail)
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Source uses information reported by product manufacturer
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope Medium Data are from Canada, an OECD country, based on country that SDS originated from for
product.
Metric 3: Applicability High Data are for use in paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Metric 5: Sample Size N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
for deriving recommendations are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed - single flame retardant product.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 176 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604008 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
CharCoat, (2019). Technical data sheet: CharCoat CC cable coating.
10604008
Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Process description:
Flame retardant coating technical sheet provides end uses and directions for application ("Application by brush, roller or airless spraying"). Also provides
container size of product (5 gal plastic pail)
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Source uses information reported by product manufacturer
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope Medium Data are from Canada, an OECD country, based on country that SDS originated from for
product.
Metric 3: Applicability High Data are for incorporation into coatings (packaging formulated coatings), an in-scope
occupational scenario.
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Metric 5: Sample Size N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
for deriving recommendations are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed - single flame retardant product.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 177 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 7537959 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Chupeau, Z., Bonvallot, N., Mercier, F., Bot, Le, B., Chevrier, C., Glorennec, P. (2020). Organophosphorus flame retardants: A global review of indoor con-
tamination and human exposure in Europe and epidemiological evidence. International lournal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(18):6713.
HERO ID: 7537959
Conditions of Use: Manufacturing/Import
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Production, import, or use volume: European consumption of phosphorous flame retardants in 2015 was 89,640 metric tons, which represented 18% of flame retardants
Comments: primarily dust exposures from general population exposure
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Uninformative
High
N/A
Data are from Europe, which includes OECD countries.
Data are for general use of OPFRs in Europe, which is not similar to the the in-scope
occupational scenario of TCEP import.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - data not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Uninformative
Page 178 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604010 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Duratec, (2018). Safety Data Sheet: Grey fire-resistant primer.
HERO ID: 10604010
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in flame retardant coating listed as less than or equal to 5 percent
Density of product listed as specific gravity 1.3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 179 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604010 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Duratec, (2018). Safety Data Sheet: Grey fire-resistant primer.
HERO ID: 10604010
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - Paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in flame retardant coating listed as less than or equal to 5 percent
Density of product listed as specific gravity 1.3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 180 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8775306 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Parameter
Ekpe, O. D., Choo, G., Barcel6, D., Oh, J. E. (2020). Chapter One - Introduction of emerging halogenated flame retardants in the environment. 88:1-39.
8775306
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding Products and Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered
elsewhere)
EXTRACTION
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Comments:
Global flame retardant production of 2.49 million tons (2015) with market growth rate of 4.9%. North America accounts for 22% of consumption, pg 2; Fig 3
breaks the global market into flame retardant categories, chlorinated phosphates accounts for 10% global market, pg. 3; Fig. 4 has US production volumes of
TCEP for 1986-2016. pg. 25
"TCEP exists in several commercial preparations, namelyDisflamoll TCA, Antiblaze 100, Fyrol CEF, or Celluflex CEF... Tetrakis(2-chloroethyl) dichloroisopentyl
diphosphate (V6) is an additive flame retardant produced from pentaerythritol, phosphorus trichoride, chlorine and ethylene oxide, and finds application mainly
in the production of flexible PUFs for use in the automotive and furniture industry. Its application as additive FR in these products makes it subject to volatization
or leaching from the polymer matrix. It exists in the same market domain with TCPP and TDCPP and is often used in cases where specific standards need to be
met by enhanced flame retardant properties. Commercial V6 mixture (Antiblaze V6) has 4.5-10% TCEP as its main impurity by weight" pgs. 24-25/39
"Tris(l-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a non-volatile, colourless to pale yellow liquid, manufactured via the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with
ethylene oxide. On thermal decomposition, it forms carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, 2-chloroethane and dichloroethane." [Reviewer believes chemical name
is a typo, see comment] pg. 24
Report defines Tris(l-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate as both TCPP and TCEP, reviewer believes that this is a typo in which TCEP should be reported as Tris(2-
chloroethyl) Phosphate (pg. 24). Report provides support for TCEP being found in these types of products as a result of TCEP being an impurity of V6
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
The assessment or report uses high quality data that are not from frequently used sources
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
The authors are from an OECD country other than the U.S. (Korea and Spain), but ex-
tracted information is pertinent to U.S..
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
The report captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be repre-
sentative of current conditions. The report is generally no more than 10 years old
Distribution of samples is characterized by uncertain statistics. It is unclear if analysis is
representative.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is not addressed. The report does address variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Continued on next page ...
Page 181 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8775306 Table: 1 of 1
... continued from previous page
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Ekpe, O. D., Choo, G., Barcel6, D., Oh, J. E. (2020). Chapter One - Introduction of emerging halogenated flame retardants in the environment. 88:1-39.
8775306
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding Products and Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered
elsewhere)
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Page 182 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604005 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Enterprises,,
HERO ID: 10604005
Conditions of Use: Processing -
BIB (2017). Safety data sheet: TC-800 part A.
incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
SDS lists TCEP as ingredient at weight percent of 1 to 5
Product listed with specific gravity of 1.15
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into polymer resins, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 183 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604005 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Enterprises,,
HERO ID: 10604005
Conditions of Use: Processing -
BIB (2017). Safety data sheet: TC-800 part A.
incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
SDS lists TCEP as ingredient at weight percent of 1 to 5
Product listed with specific gravity of 1.15
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of TCEP-containing resin into articles, an in-scope occupa-
tional scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 184 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 7349020 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
ERG, (1998). Air emissions inventories, volume 2: Point sources: Chapter 11: Preferred and alternative methods for estimating air emissions from plastic
products manufacturing.
7349020
Processing - incorporation into an article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Foam processing basic process description starting on page 15 of PDF, including blowing operations
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for general plastic manufacturing occupational scenarios, but are not chemical-
specific for TCEP.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 185 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 1676728 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Fang, M., Webster, T. F., Gooden, D., Cooper, E. M., McClean, M. D., Carignan, C., Makey, C., Stapleton, H. M. (2013). Investigating a novel flame
retardant known as V6: measurements in baby products, house dust, and car dust. Environmental Science & Technology 47(9):4449-4454.
HERO ID: 1676728
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use-Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Chemical concentration: Study provides multiple values for TCEP concentrations in V6 mixtures; TCEP is found in V6 mixtures up to 14% w/w (pg 1/15) and TCEP is found in V6
mixtures of 4.5 - 7.5% w/w (pg 2/15)
Comments: States that TCEP was phased out of these products starting in the 1980s (pg 2/15). V6 is mostly used in automobiles (pg 6/15)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are from frequently used sources
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
The report is generally more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Provides multiple sources for concentration of TCEP in V6 mixtures
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
High
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Assessment or report clearly documents its data sources, assessment methods, results,
and assumptions.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
The report provides only limited discussion of the variability and uncertainty in the
results.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 186 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604134 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. 40-40A - white and pastel tints.
HERO ID: 10604134
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 0.1 to 1 percent
Specific gravity listed as 1 to 1.1
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 187 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604134 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. 40-40A - white and pastel tints.
HERO ID: 10604134
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 0.1 to 1 percent
Specific gravity listed as 1 to 1.1
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 188 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604137 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
FCC, (2011). Technical data sheet: Flame control no. 40-40A.
10604137
Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Technical data sheet lists end uses, application parameters and methods (brush, roller, or airless spray) and packaging container size (1 and 5 gallon containers)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology
High Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2: Geographic Scope High Data are from the U.S.
Metric 3: Applicability High Data are for incorporation into coatings (packaging formulated coating), an in-scope
occupational scenario.
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Metric 5: Sample Size N/A N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is addressed by listing several different application methods and ranges of
parameters. Variability is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 189 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604137 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
FCC, (2011). Technical data sheet: Flame control no. 40-40A.
10604137
Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Technical data sheet lists end uses, application parameters and methods (brush, roller, or airless spray) and packaging container size (1 and 5 gallon containers)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Uncertainty is addressed by listing several different application methods and ranges of
parameters. Variability is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 190 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604143 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. 5050 white and pastel tints.
HERO ID: 10604143
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 1 to 5 percent
Specific gravity listed as 1.2 to 1.3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 191 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604143 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2016). Safety data sheet: Flame control No. :
HERO ID: 10604143
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - paints and coatings
5050 white and pastel tints.
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 1 to 5 percent
Specific gravity listed as 1.2 to 1.3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 192 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604144 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2010). Technical Data Sheet: Flame control No. 50-50 foam kote.
HERO ID: 10604144
Conditions of Use: Commercial use - paints and coatings
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: Flame retardant coating end uses, application parameters and methods (Brush, roller, conventional and airless spray), and product container size (1 and 5 gallon
containers)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 193 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604144 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: FCC, (2010). Technical Data Sheet: Flame control No. 50-50 foam kote.
HERO ID: 10604144
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: Flame retardant coating end uses, application parameters and methods (Brush, roller, conventional and airless spray), and product container size (1 and 5 gallon
containers)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into coatings (packaging formulation into product containers),
an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 194 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6766298 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Fent, K. W., Horn, G. P., DeCrane, S. (2015). Firefighters' perspective on flame retardants.
HERO ID: 6766298
Conditions of Use: Commercial use of furnishing, cleaning, treatment/care products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
On and after July 1, 2018, no manufacturer or wholesaler may manufacture, sell, offer for sale, distribute for sale, or distribute for use in this state a children's
product or upholstered residential furniture containing, in amounts greater than 1,000 parts per million in any product component, the following flame-retardants..."
includes TCEP (for Minnesota); Vermont prohibits the sale of residential upholstered furniture, children's products, and certain electronic devices containing
TDCPP or related chemical TCEP; Maryland and New York prohibit the sale of children's products containing TDCPP and TCEP; EU's toy safety directive
restricts the use of TCEP, TDCCP, and tris(l-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) in children's toys above the amount of 5 mg/kg
Same source as HERO ID 6766303Information is just regulatory limits
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are not from a frequently used source and associated information does not indicate flaws
or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Data are primarily for consumer uses, though concentrations may also be applicable to
the the in-scope occupational scenarios for commercial uses of Furnishing, Cleaning,
Treatment/Care Products.
The report is generally no more than 10 years old.
No sample data.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
N/A
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by addressing regulations in different states, but uncertainty is not
addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 195 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 9493525 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Fink, J. K. (2010). Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers. :211-267.
HERO ID: 9493525
Conditions of Use: Flame Retardant in Plastic (ABS)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Life cycle description: General information on ABS production, uses, recycling and disposal.
Process description: Table 8.9 Indicates that TCEP use as a flame retardant in ABS blends (p. 22). General information on ABS polymerization and blending.
Comments: TCEP is only mentioned 1 time in the article where TCEP has been identified as a flame retardant for ABS Blends.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for flame retardant use in plastic, an in-scope occupational scenario
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions,
no quantitative data
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
process description/life cycle info
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 196 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 6558307 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
Grimes, G., Beaucham, C., Grant, M., Ramsey, J. (2019). Health hazard evaluation report: HHE-2016-0257-3333, May 2019, evaluation of exposure to
metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company.
HERO ID:
6558307
Conditions of Use:
Recycling
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Process description: 9,000 square foot facility with 50 workers (5 - 10 work in the office and may be considered ONU's) that sort and take inventory of electronics. The sorted
components then go to the refurbishing section, where dust is vacuumed away and functionality is tested. Any hard drives are then "wiped" and then the
components either go to resale or disassembly.
Comments: "At the time of our evaluation, approximately 50 employees worked at the company. Their primary activities included sorting and taking inventory of incoming
electronics, refurbishing and resale of functional electronics, manual and mechanical disassembly of electronics, and office work." Note: 5-10 are office workers
and 6 work in resale; they may be considered ONU's
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for recycling, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
process description
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
process description
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 197 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 3012534 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Guardia, La, M. J., Hale, R. C. (2015). Halogenated flame-retardant concentrations in settled dust, respirable and inhalable particulates and polyurethane
foam at gymnastic training facilities and residences. Environment International 79:106-114.
HERO ID: 3012534
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Life cycle description:
Chemical concentration:
Study tested for TCEP in polyurethane foams used in gymnasiums and houses
TCEP was detected in foam used in gyms at concentrations in the foam of 1.6 - 1.9 micrograms/g dry weight
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are from frequently used sources
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
The report is generally no more than 10 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics. It is unclear
if analysis is representative.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
The report provides only limited discussion of the variability and uncertainty in the
results.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 198 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 4168432 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Hahladakis, J. N., Velis, C. A., Weber, R., Iacovidou, E., Purnell, P. (2018). An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate
and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling, lournal of Hazardous Materials 344:179-199.
4168432
Incorporation into articles, Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Life cycle description:
The life cycle of plastics in general (Fig. 1, pg 5/21 of PDF);
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
N/A
Data are from Germany/United Kingdom, which are OECD countries.
Data are for incorporation into articles and disposal, in-scope occupational scenarios.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
References to original data sources are given.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
Variability and uncertainty are not relevant to a description of the life cycle.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 199 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6766303 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Health, M.D. (2016). Flame retardants and firefighter exposure and health.
HERO ID: 6766303
Conditions of Use: Commercial Uses - Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
State regulations for TCEP: On and after July 1, 2018, no manufacturer or wholesaler may manufacture, sell, offer for sale, distribute for sale, or distribute for
use in this state a children's product or upholstered residential furniture containing, in amounts greater than 1,000 parts per million in any product component,
the following flame-retardants..." includes TCEP (for Minnesota); Vermont prohibits the sale of residential upholstered furniture, children's products, and certain
electronic devices containing TDCPP or related chemical TCEP; Maryland and New York prohibit the sale of children's products containing TDCPP and TCEP;
EU's toy safety directive restricts the use of TCEP, TDCCP, and tris(l-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) in children's toys above the amount of 5 mg/kg
Only regulatory information. Firefighter exposures generally are not in scope for engineering assessments.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are not from a frequently used source and associated information does not indicate flaws
or quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Data are primarily for consumer uses, though concentrations may also be applicable to
the the in-scope occupational scenarios for commercial uses of Furnishing, Cleaning,
Treatment/Care Products.
The report is generally no more than 10 years old.
No sample data.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
N/A
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by including regulations in different states, but uncertainty is not
addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 200 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6766299 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Horn, G. P., Kerber, S., Fent, K. W., Fernhall, B., Smith, D. L. (2016). Interim report: Cardiovascular & chemical exposure risks in modern firefighting.
HERO ID: 6766299
Conditions of Use: Commercial use of furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
flame retardants as contaminants on firefighting gear; TCEP detected on curtain liner (at 1.4 microgram/gram)and non-detect for other furnishings
Primarily firefighter exposure assessment, but firefighting exposures not in-scope
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are from frequently used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Data are for firefighter exposures and TCEP in consumer products, which may be appli-
cable to TCEP for in-scope occupational exposures.
The report is no more than 10 years old.
Distribution of samples is qualitative or characterized by no statistics.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
Low
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by comparing different furnishings but uncertainty is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 201 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 79051 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: IPCS, (1998). Flame retardants: Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID: 79051
Conditions of Use: Import
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
Production and use of TCEP has been in decline since the 1980s. Global TCEP consumption peaked at over 9000 tonnes in 1989, but had declined to below 4000
tonnes by 1997
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
Low
Data are compiled by World Health Organization and United Nations, which includes
the United States and many OECD countries.
Data are in-scope for the manufacturing/import occupational scenario, and they also
address potential end uses within scope.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
Data is characterized by ranges/estimations with uncertain statistics or distributions.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by mentioning temporal trends, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 202 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 79051 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
IPCS, (1998). Flame retardants: Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID:
79051
Conditions of Use:
Incorporation into articles
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Life cycle description: "Historically TCEP was used in polyurethane foams and systems, mainly for rigid foam but with minor use in flexible polyurethane. TCEP is currently mainly
used in the production of liquid unsaturated polyester resins. It is also used in textile back-coating formulations, PVC compounds, cellulose ester compounds and
coatings.TCEP is not recommended by producers for use as a flame retardant additive for use in textiles nor for use in block polyurethane foams because of the
probability of its decomposition"
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information/techniques/methods from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are compiled by World Health Organization and United Nations, which includes
the United States and many OECD countries.
Data are in-scope for the manufacturing/import occupational scenario, and they also
address potential end uses within scope.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated,
usage information
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by mentioning temporal changes, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 203 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 2942545 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Matsukami, H., Tue, N.M., Suzuki, G.,o, Someya, M., Tuyen, L.H., Viet, P.H., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Takigami, H. (2015). Flame retardant emission
from e-waste recycling operation in northern Vietnam: Environmental occurrence of emerging organophosphorus esters used as alternatives for PBDEs.
Science of the Total Environment 514:492-499.
HERO ID: 2942545
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into an article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
total FR consumption in Japan in 2004 was approx. 190,000 tons with organophsphorous flame retardants accounting for 15%... total FR consumption in Europe
in 2006 was approx. 465,000 tons with organophsphorous flame retardants accounting for 20%
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
Low
High
N/A
Study was conducted by Japan, an OECD country. However data is from Vietnam
"Recycling operations were family based and took place on a small scale in the back-
yards of homes, often within 20 m distance from living area."
The report captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be repre-
sentative of current conditions. The report is generally no more than 10 years old
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability addressed by different temperatures and gaseous environments, but uncer-
tainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 204 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10170891 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation:
NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID:
10170891
Conditions of Use:
Manufacturing
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume: See section 9.6 for US production volumes for 1972 - 2002 (p. 35). Important data only provided for 1972 and listed as negligible (p. 36). Aceto Corporation, 4
Tri Harbor Ct, Port Washington, NY 11050 listed as importer based on 2014 CDR search (p. 34).
Process description: Made from a three-to-one mole ratio of ethylene oxide ... and phosphorus oxychloride.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from various OECD countries.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
PV and process description data
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
No scope to address variability and uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 205 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10170891 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation:
NCBI, (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2577 Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID:
10170891
Conditions of Use:
Uses
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Life cycle description: Used in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, carpet backing, flame-laminated and rebounded flexible foam, flame-retardant coatings, adhesives, and
cast acrylic sheet and wood-resin composites (e.g., particle board) (p. 2). Used in most classes of thermosets (p. 20). See Section 9.1 for citations for use
information (p. 34)."Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was detected in the sediment at a landfill and near a car demolition site at 27-380 and 2300-5500 ug/kg,
respectively (p. 25)."van der Been I, de Boer J; Chemosphere 88: 1119-53 (2012)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Low
N/A
Data are from various OECD countries.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
PV and process description data
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
No scope to address variability and uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 206 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604191 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Normet, (2015). Safety data sheet: Tampur RBG part B.
HERO ID: 10604191
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 1 to 5 percent in product
Relative density listed as 1.205
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
High
Medium
Data are from Taiwan, a non-OECD country.
Data are for incorporation into coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 207 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604191 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Normet, (2015). Safety data sheet: Tampur RBG part B.
HERO ID: 10604191
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 1 to 5 percent in product
Relative density listed as 1.205
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
High
Medium
Data are from Taiwan, a non-OECD country.
Data are for incorporation into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 208 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5466433 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Nunez, C., McMinn, B., Vitas, J. (1996). Barriers to the use of radiation-curable adhesives in the coated and laminated substrate manufacturing industry.
Journal of Hazardous Materials 45(l):59-78.
5466433
Paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Several pages of PDs provided for various coating operations (general for all chemicals)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality from frequently-used sources (EPA source).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - process description
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 209 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5469249 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Parsons, N. S., Lam, W., M.H., Hamilton, S. E. (2013). Chemical characterization of automotive polyurethane foam using solid-phase microextraction and
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Forensic Sciences 58(S1):S186-S191.
HERO ID: 5469249
Conditions of Use: Consumer use of foam seating
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Only relative abundance from GC-MS analysis given for various car makes and models
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
The data is not from a frequently used source but the information does not indicate
flaws.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Low
High
Low
The authors reside in Hong Kong, which is associated with the OECD.
Data are concentration of TCEP in polyurethane foam obtained from a car. This use may
be similar to the in-scope use of TCEP involving foam seating.
data is no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution is not characterized.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by testing different car makes and models, but uncertainty is not
addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 210 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 9493527 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Pelzl, B., Wolf, R., Kaul, B. L. (2018). Plastics, additives. :l-57.
9493527
Incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Chemical concentration:
See p. 38, Table 10 for producers/trade names of organophosphorus flame retardants.See p. 40 for general uses - 10% of all plastics (chiefly PVC, ABS,
polystyrene, unsaturated polyesters, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyurethanes) contain flame retardants.
"Although additives can be added to the monomer prior to polymerization, they are usually introduced immediately after polymerization, blended, and extruded to
form granular(pelletized) products and compounds. Many additives are not introduced until the granules are processed into moldings, films, orfibers" (p. 2)."More
than 90% of the flame retardants used in thermoplastics are of the additive type. They are added before, during, or after polymerization, but usually when the
polymers are processedinto compounds or finished products. In the latter case, the retardant is often used as a highly concentrated masterbatch containing 50-80%
of the agent" (p. 40).
Some formulations of flexible polyurethane foams (e.g., for upholstery) contain tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, (pg 41)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources (Ullmann's).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
Low
Data are from France and Austria, OECD countries.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Distribution of samples is qualitative or characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
The report does not address variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 211 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604581 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Safety Data Sheet: JFOAM G-306-M-T.
HERO ID: 10604581
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Concentration ranges of components listed for product known to contain flame retardant; specific gravity listed as 1.22
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into resin formulations, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Concentration distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 212 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604581 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Safety Data Sheet: JFOAM G-306-M-T.
HERO ID: 10604581
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Concentration ranges of components listed for product known to contain flame retardant; specific gravity listed as 1.22
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Concentration distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 213 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604582 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Safety data sheet: 1FOAM G-308-M-T.
HERO ID: 10604582
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Concentration of components in product known to contain TCEP; specific gravity listed as 1.22
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into resin formulations, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Concentration distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 214 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604582 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Safety data sheet: 1FOAM G-308-M-T.
HERO ID: 10604582
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Concentration of components in product known to contain TCEP; specific gravity listed as 1.22
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Concentration distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 215 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604583 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Product bulletin: IFoam G-306.
HERO ID: 10604583
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description:
Product data sheet provides mixing ratio for 2-part resin and use instructions
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 216 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604584 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2018). Product bulletin: IFoam G-308.
HERO ID: 10604584
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description:
Product data sheet provides mixing ratio for 2-part resin and instructions for use
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resins into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 217 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 11204812 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Polymers,, J6 (2021). Comment from J6 Polymers LLC regarding end usage characterization of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in rigid polyurethane
foam.
HERO ID: 11204812
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article (aircraft interior)
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Production, import, or use volume:
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Throughput:
Chemical concentration:
lOlbs of TCEP used over 3 years.
Processing - incorporation into article (aircraft interior)
TCEP is present in the formulation of one TDI prepolymer (KA8860) modified with a flame retardant sold by J6 polymers. TCEP is added to the formulation for
its flame retardant properties, as well as a plasticizer and viscosity regulator. Orders for KA8860 are packaged in UN certified packaging which range from 1/2
pint to 5 gallons in size,
nan
TCEP comprises approximately 10% of the final foam sytems.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
This source comes directly from the manufacturer.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Low
This company is based directly from the U.S.
This source applies directly to a COU and is specific to the chemical.
Company provided this source in 2021.
Not characterized by statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
Source is directly from the manufacturer.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Does not provide variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 218 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604352 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2010). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP EP 97-194 component A.
HERO ID: 10604352
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 25 percent in product
Density listed as 1.49 g/cm3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Belgium, an OECD country.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is between 10 and 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 219 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604352 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2010). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP EP 97-194 component A.
HERO ID: 10604352
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 25 percent in product
Density listed as 1.49 g/cm3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Belgium, an OECD country.
Data are for incorporation into coatings/resins, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is between 10 and 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 220 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604352 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2010). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP EP 97-194 component A.
HERO ID: 10604352
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 25 percent in product
Density listed as 1.49 g/cm3
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Data are from Belgium, an OECD country.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is between 10 and 20 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 221 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604368 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2016). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP part A off white.
HERO ID: 10604368
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 20 percent in product
Relative density listed as 1.49
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into resins/coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 222 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604368 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2016). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP part A off white.
HERO ID: 10604368
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 20 percent in product
Relative density listed as 1.49
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resins into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 223 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604368 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2016). Safety data sheet: PITT-CHAR XP part A off white.
HERO ID: 10604368
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 10 to 20 percent in product
Relative density listed as 1.49
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 224 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604369 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation: PPG, (2008). Product data sheet: Pitt-Char XP® epoxy intumescent fire protective coating.
HERO ID: 10604369
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: Product application methods and parameters (including trowel and spray) and end uses provided
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into resins/coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 225 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604369 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
PPG, (2008). Product data sheet: Pitt-Char XP® epoxy intumescent fire protective coating.
10604369
Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Process description:
Product application methods and parameters (including trowel and spray) and end uses provided
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 226 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604369 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
PPG, (2008). Product data sheet: Pitt-Char XP® epoxy intumescent fire protective coating.
10604369
Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Process description:
Product application methods and parameters (including trowel and spray) and end uses provided
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are documented for application methods, but underly-
ing data sources are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different application methods, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 227 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 6580284 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: programs, E.O. (1974). Air pollution control engineering and cost study of the paint and varnish industry.
HERO ID: 6580284
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into a formulation
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Number of sites:
Paint manufacturing process described for mixing raw materials; includes solvent or dispersing medium, binders such as oil or resin, vehicle solid or film former,
and additives such as preservatives or driers; some recipes given around page 99 of PDF file
Around 1,700 plant sites in paint and varnish manufacturing; provides distribution of plants by number of employees
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for generic paint and coatings manufacturing and emissions of VOCs, which is
similar to the in-scope occupational scenarios of TCEP use in paint and coatings.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent due to confidential business information.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by addressing manufacturing plants throughout the United States,
but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 228 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604370 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Rampf, (2017). Safety data sheet: RC 0555 poly.
HERO ID: 10604370
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 30 to 40 percent in product
Specific gravity listed as 1.1
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into resins, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 229 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604370 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Rampf, (2017). Safety data sheet: RC 0555 poly.
HERO ID: 10604370
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into article
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration listed as 30 to 40 percent in product
Specific gravity listed as 1.1
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation of resin into articles, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 230 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604009 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Service,, Chem (2015). Safety data sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
HERO ID: 10604009
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - e.g., Laboratory chemicals
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
Neat TCEP concentration listed as 100 percent; for lab use (pg 2)
1.4249 g/cm3 estimated at 20 °C pg. 4/8
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for laboratory use of TCEP, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 231 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604373 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Sigma-Aldrich, (2019). Safety Data Sheet: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 119660.
HERO ID: 10604373
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - e.g., Laboratory chemicals
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Neat TCEP concentration listed as less than or equal to 100 percent
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for laboratory uses, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 232 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8775303 Table: 1 of 3
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, (2017). Replacement substances for the brominated flame retardants PBDE, HBCDD, and TBBPA.
8775303
Industrial/Commercial use
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Life cycle description:
TCEP is an additive FR used in e.g. PVC, textile and polyurethane foam.
Domain
EVALUATION
Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium Data are from Sweden, which is an OECD country.
High The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
High Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A No sample data.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 233 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8775303 Table: 2 of 3
Study Citation: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, (2017). Replacement substances for the brominated flame retardants PBDE, HBCDD, and TBBPA.
HERO ID: 8775303
Conditions of Use: Manufacturing
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
TCEP listed as quantity index of ""4"" in Swedish Product Register based on registered use patterns in year 2015.According to the Swedish Chemicals Agency,
the use of TCEP in the Nordic countries has decreased since 2000. In 2010, Sweden and Denmark used less than 10 tonnes each, while Finland and Norway used
147 and 65 tonnes, respectively.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
Data are from Sweden, which is an OECD country.
The report is for an occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation, but
usage information is not specific to U.S.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distributions characterized by ranges/estimations with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by mentioning temporal trend, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 234 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 8775303 Table: 3 of 3
Study Citation: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, (2017). Replacement substances for the brominated flame retardants PBDE, HBCDD, and TBBPA.
HERO ID: 8775303
Conditions of Use: Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
TCEP found in effluent from point source WWTPs at ranges 90-450 ng/L and 130-2,500 ng/L. Also detected in sludges.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data/information from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
Data are from Sweden, which is an OECD country.
Data are for disposal from point sources via wastewater, an in-scope occupational sce-
nario, but specific point sources and treatment methods are not specified
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distributions characterized by ranges/estimations with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 235 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5163392 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Tokumura, M., Seo, M., Wang, Q., Miyake, Y., Amagai, T., Makino, M. (2019). Dermal exposure to plasticizers in nail polishes: An alternative major
exposure pathway of phosphorus-based compounds. Chemosphere 226:316-320.
HERO ID: 5163392
Conditions of Use: Laboratory Use (TCEP Standard used for calibration purposes)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Chemical concentration: Not identified in 45 nail polishes of various country origin
Comments: While TCEP was considered by this study as a potential ingredient in nail polishes, that is not included as a COU in the RE nor was it detected in any of the nail
polishes. This is a much better example of how TCEP is used in a laboratory as a standard. From the text: "Isotope-labeled internal standards of tributyl phosphate
(TBP)-d27, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)-d51, TPhP-dl5, tricresylphosphate (TCsP)-d21, and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)-dl2were purchased
from Hayashi Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka,Japan)....To prepare samples for analysis, 10 mg of nail polish was placedin a 10-mL test tube, dissolved in
5 mL acetone, sonicated forlO min, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Then, 50 mL of thesupernatant was added to 930 mL of acetonitrile and 20 mL of
theinternal standards...Calibration curves for the phosphorus compounds were linearover the standard solution concentration range of 3el000 ng/mL(3, 10, 30,
100, 300, 1000 ng/mL; rA2 > 0.99)."
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data/techniques/methods that are not from frequently-used
sources and there are no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
High
Study was conducted in Japan (some of the nail polishes analyzed came from the US but
the study was intended to be representative of what is on the market in Japan)
Laboratory Use is in the scope of the RE.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data
provided-TCEP was not detected in any nail polishes).
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by evaluating nail polishes from various countries but uncertainty
is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 236 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 386928 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Tollback, J., Isetun, S., Colmsjo, A., Nilsson, U. (2010). Dynamic non-equilibrium SPME combined with GC, PICI, and ion trap MS for determination of
organophosphate esters in air. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 396(2):839-844.
HERO ID: 386928
Conditions of Use: Other Use (e.g., lab chemicals)
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: TCEP is used for calibration purposes in a laboratory environment (it does not appear that the the lab in which the area samples were acquired was the same lab,
or at the same time, as the experiment)
Comments: This study describes a Laboratory Use of TCEP, the so called "working environments" that were area sampled during this study are not areas that TCEP is used.
These areas were chosen because they contain articles (such as computers, flat screen monitors, and/or building materials) that are known, or suspected, to contain
TCEP. As such I do not consider this article to have relevant worker exposure and only consider it relevant to the process description of using TCEP as a lab
standard for calibration purposes.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The manner in which the experiment was conducted is very well described. Methods,
models, and/or equipment used are well known and generally accepted by the scientific
community.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
Medium
N/A
Data are from Sweden, an OECD country.
Laboratory use is included in the scope
The report is generally more than 10 yearsbut no more than 20 years old.
There is no sample size, this is a process description for using TCEP as a laboratory
standard for calibration purposes.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
This is a process description for using TCEP as a laboratory standard for calibration
purposes.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
This is a process description for using TCEP as a laboratory standard for calibration
purposes.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 237 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 10180886 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (2015). Flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam: An alternatives assessment update (Sections 1-6).
HERO ID: 10180886
Conditions of Use: Flame Retardant in Flexible PU Foam
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
"Although TCEP was previously not thought to be used in foam, it has been identified in upholstered FPUF products (Stapleton, Klosterhaus et al. 2011)." (p.
3-15)Exposure to reactive flame retardants could occur at all points in the life cycle, including manufacture, use, and disposal (p. 3-2)."
"See 3.1 on p. 3-1 - 3-2""Flexible foam is made either in large slabs ("slabstock") that are cut to shape, or in molds that have the shape of the finished product.
The basic ingredients include polyols, isocyanates, blowing agents, and other additives (including flame retardants). In manufacturing slabstock, the ingredients
are blended in a mixing head and deposited on a conveyor belt, where the polymerization reactions occur, and the foam is expanded by blowing agents into a
large (e.g., 60 foot) "bun." The buns are cured before being cut into shapes for a finished product. In molded foam, the polymerization reactions occur within the
mold, and are heated to accelerate curing.Furniture and other foam product manufacturers typically receive cured foam and do not directly handle flame retardant
chemicals. Because slabstock is made in very large buns, uses requiring smaller pieces of foam may consist of off-cuts from larger buns. This may be why smaller
polyurethane foam products may contain flame retardants, even when they are not required to do so by regulation.""""Flame retardants used in FPUF are typically
classified as "additive." Additive flame retardants are blended evenly into the foam, but remain unbound."""
MD passed a law prohibiting >0.1% TCEP by mass in products intended for use by children under age of 3 (pg 34)
This is not an active use, actual source of flame retardant is unclear
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for flame retardant use in flexible PU foam, which is no longer an active occu-
pational scenario.
The report is generally more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is qualitative or characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment or report provides results, but the underlying methods, data sources, and
assumptions are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 238 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 4565574 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
U.S. EPA, (2015). TSCA Work Plan Chemical Problem Formulation and Initial Assessment. Chlorinated Phosphate Ester Cluster Flame Retardants.
HERO ID:
4565574
Conditions of Use:
Manufacturing, Incorporation into an article
EXTRACTION
Parameter
Data
Process description: Formed by adding and reacting ethylene oxide (epoxide) with phosphoryl chloride
Number of sites: Aceto Corporation was the only company that reported manufacturing TCEP during the 2012 CDR reporting cycle
Chemical concentration: Found in baby products at loading levels ranging from 1.08 to 5.95 mg/g
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for manufacturing and incorporation into an article, in-scope occupational
scenarios.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 239 of 252
-------
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 46492 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (1995). AP-42: Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area sources, fifth edition.
HERO ID: 46492
Conditions of Use: Import, Distribution in Commerce, Incorporation into article, Industrial/Commercial Uses, Disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Section 2 specifies processes associated with solid waste disposal operations, including potentially applicable incineration and landfilling for TCEP-contianing
products; Section 4.2.2.1 (general industrial coating), 4.2.2.5 (wood panel coating), 4.2.2.7 (polymeric coating of supporting substrates), and potentially other
coating sections applicable with process descriptions and some flow diagrams/figures showing processes; wastewater treatment processes in Section 4.3 may
be applicable to exposure from disposal operations; Section 4.4 includes polyester resin plastic product fabrication processes such as hand layup, continuous
lamination, marble casting, etc; Section 4.8 includes tank and drum cleaning operations, which may be related to import or distribution in commerce; Section 4.11
(textile fabric printing)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for general occupational scenarios potentially applicable to in-scope scenarios
for TCEP.
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different processes used in industry, but uncertainty is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 240 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5113326 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2015). Flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam: An alternatives assessment update.
5113326
Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding Products)
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
PDs provided (Section 3.1 - flex foam, furniture mfg)
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources (EPA).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
N/A
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products (Foam Seating and Bedding
Products), an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - process description
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Overall Quality Determination
High
Page 241 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 7310513 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 6: Organic chemical process industry. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area
sources, fifth edition, AP-42.
HERO ID: 7310513
Conditions of Use: Processing - Incorporation into a formulation
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Comments:
Chapter 6.4.1 discusses paint and varnish manufacturing processes
AP-42 Chapter 6; subsection of HERO ID 46492Data is general and not chemical-specific for TCEP and potentially not for applicable physical forms of TCEP.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
Data are from the U.S.
Metric 3:
Applicability
Low
Data are for general paint/varnish manufacturing occupational scenarios, but are not
chemical-specific for TCEP.
Metric 4:
Temporal Representativeness
Low
Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
Metric 5:
Sample Size
N/A
N/A - This metric is not applicable to the data being extracted
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7: Metadata Completeness Low Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 242 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) General Engineering Assessment HERO ID: 7315820 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: U.S. EPA, (1995). Chapter 4.2: Introduction to surface coating. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume I: Stationary point and area sources,
fifth edition, AP-42.
HERO ID: 7315820
Conditions of Use: Industrial/Commercial Uses, Disposal
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Process description: Section 4.2.2.1 (general industrial coating), 4.2.2.5 (wood panel coating), 4.2.2.7 (polymeric coating of supporting substrates), and potentially other coating
sections applicable with process descriptions and some flow diagrams/figures showing processes; wastewater treatment processes in Section 4.3 may be applicable
to exposure from disposal operations; Section 4.4 includes polyester resin plastic product fabrication processes such as hand layup, continuous lamination, marble
casting, etc; Section 4.8 includes tank and drum cleaning operations, which may be related to import or distribution in commerce; Section 4.11 (textile fabric
printing)
EVALUATION
Domain Metric Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1: Methodology High Report uses high quality information and data from frequently-used or direct sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High Data are from the U.S.
Medium Data are for general occupational scenarios potentially applicable to in-scope scenarios
for TCEP.
Low Report is based on data greater than 20 years old and industry conditions that are ex-
pected to be outdated.
N/A N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by different processes used in industry, but uncertainty is not ad-
dressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 243 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 956579 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
U.S. EPA, (2005). Furniture flame retardancy partnership: Environmental profiles of chemical flame-retardant alternatives for low-density polyurethane
foam: Volume 1.
956579
Commercial use of Furnishing, Cleaning, Treatment/Care Products
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Life cycle description:
Process description:
Life cycle for flame retardant chemicals incorporated into foams - includes chemical manufacturing, incorporation into articles, recycling, consumer use, and
disposal
Discusses process of foam manufacturing and furniture manufacturing.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment is developed by EPA.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
Data are for multiple in-scope occupational scenarios; however, data is general and not
specific to a chemical.
The report is generally more than 10 years but no more than 20 years old.
No sample data.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
Medium
N/A
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by accounting for different chemicals and physical forms, but
uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination
Medium
Page 244 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5043338 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Veldzquez-G6mez, M., Hurtado-Ferndndez, E., Lacorte, S. (2019). Differential occurrence, profiles and uptake of dust contaminants in the Barcelona urban
area. Science of the Total Environment 648:1354-1370.
HERO ID: 5043338
Conditions of Use: Commercial use, Consumer use
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Concentration of TCEP in dust samples from various areas including houses, high schools, museums, libraries, and cars; 100% detection frequency in each
location with median concentrations ranging from 96 ng/g in houses to 412 ng/g in high schools; min and max dust concentrations also included
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality methods that are not from frequently-used sources and there are
no known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Medium
High
High
High
Data are from Spain, an OECD country.
The data are relevant to the assessment of occupational exposure which would result
from use of TCEP in various commercial uses (e.g., paints and coatings, ...etc.) that are
associated with buildings.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Statistical distribution of samples is fully characterized (discrete sampling data pro-
vided) in available supplementary data. Medians, detection frequencies, and mini-
mum/maximum provided within article.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by various locations samples, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 245 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604375 Table: 1 of 2
Study Citation: Vimasco, (2016). Safety data sheet: Cable coating 31.
HERO ID: 10604375
Conditions of Use: Processing - incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 0.9 to 1.5 percent (safety data sheet)
Specific gravity listed as 1.2
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for incorporation into coating formulations, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 246 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10604375 Table: 2 of 2
Study Citation: Vimasco, (2016). Safety data sheet: Cable coating 31.
HERO ID: 10604375
Conditions of Use: Commercial Use - paints and coatings
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Chemical concentration:
Comments:
TCEP concentration in product listed as 0.9 to 1.5 percent (safety data sheet)
Specific gravity listed as 1.2
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Source uses data reported by product manufacturer/distributor
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
High
High
Medium
Data are from the U.S.
Data are for use in paints and coatings, an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
Sample distribution characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment results are provided but underlying methods, assumptions, and data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Variability and uncertainty are not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 247 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 10186966 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Weil, E. D. (2000). Polyesters, thermoplastic.
HERO ID: 10186966
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate [115-96-8], C H CI O P (2-chloroethanol phosphate (3:1)), is a low viscosity liquid product that has found widespread usage
because of low cost, low odor, high percent phosphorus, and compatibility with essentially all polymers containing polar groups. Akzo's Fyrol CEF contains
10.8% phosphorus and 36.7% chlorine, and is made from a three-to-one mole ratio of ethylene oxide (qv) and phosphorus oxychloride ((69)). This phosphate
is used in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, carpet backing, flamelaminated and rebonded flexible foam, flame-retardant coatings, most classes of
thermosets, adhesives (qv), cast acrylic sheet, and wood-resin composites such as particle board. It is used with melamine in flexible urethane foam cushions and
institutional mattresses.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources. (Kirk-Othmer)
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Data are from the U.S.
The report is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational scenario
within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations, and
work activities.
Report is based on data greater than 10 years old but no more than 20 years old and
industry conditions that are expected to be representative of current industry conditions.
Distribution of samples is qualitative or characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented, but underlying data sources
are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
The report does not address variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 248 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 9493523 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Weil, E. D., Levchik, S. V. (2017). Phosphorus flame retardants. : 1 -34.
HERO ID: 9493523
Conditions of Use: Incorporation into Formulation, mixture, or reaction product
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Production, import, or use volume:
Chemical concentration:
"TCEP "has now been discontinued, except perhaps in China (p. 9)."
No specific concentration data. Notes that TCEP "has been used in polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, flame-retardant coatings, various thermosets,
adhesives, cast acrylic sheet, and wood-resin composites (pp. 8-9)."
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources (Kirk-Othmer chapter).
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
High
Medium
Low
Low
Data are from the U.S.
The report is for an occupational scenario that is similar to an occupational scenario
within the scope of the risk evaluation, in terms of the type of industry, operations, and
work activities.
based on data greater than 20 years old.
Distribution of samples is qualitative or characterized by no statistics.
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Low
Assessment or report provides results, but the underlying methods, data sources, and
assumptions are not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Low
The report does not address variability or uncertainty.
Overall Quality Determination Low
Page 249 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 7538124 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Xie, Q., Guan, Q., Li, L., Pan, X., Ho, C. L., Liu, X., Hou, S., Chen, D. (2021). Exposure of children and mothers to organophosphate esters: Prediction
by house dust and silicone wristbands. Environmental Pollution 282:117011.
HERO ID: 7538124
Conditions of Use: Consumer exposure
EXTRACTION
Parameter Data
Production, import, or use volume: Annual OPE demands worldwide have been reported to increase from 102,000 tons in 1992 to 680,000 tons in 2015; In China, the total amount of OPEs produced
was estimated to be 100000 tons in 2011, and the annual demand has grown by 15% per year
Comments: general organophosphate esters (OPEs); primarily dust exposures for general population
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
Medium
Report uses high quality data that are not from frequently-used sources and there are no
known quality issues.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
Low
High
N/A
Data are from China, a non-OECD country.
Data are for general manufacturing of OPEs, which is similar to the the in-scope occupa-
tional scenario of TCEP import.
Assessment is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - information not dependent on samples
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
High
All data sources, methods, results, and assumptions are clearly documented.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Variability addressed by discussing change over time, but uncertainty is not addressed.
Overall Quality Determination Medium
Page 250 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5519320 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation: Yang, X., Sun, L., Xiang, J., Hu, S., Su, S. (2013). Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A
review. Waste Management 33:462-473.
HERO ID: 5519320
Conditions of Use: Recycling and disposal
Parameter
Data
EXTRACTION
Process description:
Brief PDs of four primary disposal and recycling methods of Waste Electronic and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) containing flame retarded plastics and detailed
PD for pyrolsis
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
Report uses high quality data from frequently-used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Geographic Scope
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Low
High
High
N/A
Data is from China
Data are for recycling (electronic waste), an in-scope occupational scenario.
Report is based on current industry conditions and data no more than 10 years old.
N/A - process description
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
N/A
N/A - process description
Overall Quality Determination High
Page 251 of 252
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
General Engineering Assessment
HERO ID: 5164231 Table: 1 of 1
Study Citation:
HERO ID:
Conditions of Use:
Young, A. S., Allen, J. G., Kim, U. J., Seller, S., Webster, T. F., Kannan, K., Ceballos, D. M. (2018). Phthalate and Organophosphate Plasticizers in Nail
Polish: Evaluation of Labels and Ingredients. Environmental Science & Technology 52(21):12841-12850. [Environmental science & technology],
5164231
Plasticizer in nail polish
Parameter
EXTRACTION
Data
Chemical concentration: TCEP was not detected in any samples
Comments: TCEP was not detected in any of the samples tested. TPP (called TPHP in the article) was detected in nail polishes.
Domain
Metric
EVALUATION
Rating
Comments
Domain 1: Reliability
Metric 1:
Methodology
High
The assessment or report uses high quality data and/or techniques or sound methods that
are from frequently used sources.
Domain 2: Representativeness
Metric 2:
Geographic Scope
High
The data are from the United States and are representative of the industry being evalu-
ated.
The report is from an occupational or non-occupationalscenario that does not apply to
any occupational scenario within the scope of the risk evaluation.
The report captures operations, equipment, and worker activities expected to be repre-
sentative of current conditions. The report is generally no more than 10 years old.
Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics.
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:
Applicability
Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size
Uninformative
High
Medium
Domain 3: Accessibility/ Clarity
Metric 6:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
Assessment or report clearly documents results, methods, and assumptions. Data
sources are generally described but not fully transparent.
Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty
Metric 7:
Metadata Completeness
Medium
The report provides only limited discussion of the variability and uncertainty in the
results.
Overall Quality Determination Uninformative
Page 252 of 252
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