Putting Sites to Work How Superfund Redevelopment in Region 1 Is Making a Difference in Communities: Regional Economic Profile (2021 Data)




PUTTING SITES

TO WORK

How Superfund Redevelopment in
Region 1 Is Making a Difference in

Communities

2021 DATA

x>EPA

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Cover page photos:

Iron Horse Park (Massachusetts), Otis Air National Guard Base/Camp Edwards (Massachusetts), Wells G&H site (Massachusetts),

Wells G&H (Massachusetts), Conway Park (Massachusetts)

Any mention of trade names, manufacturers or products in this document and its appendices
does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA and its employees do not endorse any commercial products, services or entities.

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Figure 1. The restored
Souhegan River and a
public performance space
at the Fletcher's Paint
Works & Storage site.
(Massachusetts).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface	i

Introduction	1

Support for Superfund Redevelopment	3

Superfund Redevelopment: The Big Picture	4

Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Redevelopment in Region 1	6

Redevelopment in Action	16

Redevelopment on the Horizon in Region 1	27

Conclusion	30

State Redevelopment Profiles	32

Connecticut	33

Maine	34

Massachusetts	35

New Hampshire	36

Rhode Island	37

Vermont	38

Sources

39

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PREFACE

EPA's Superfund program is a cornerstone of the work that the Agency performs
for people and communities across the country. The revitalization of places
affected by contaminated lands is a key part of Superfund's mission, meeting
community needs for thriving economies and improved environmental and
public health outcomes. Through EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program, the
Agency contributes to these communities' economic vitality by supporting the
return of sites to productive use.

EPA is focused on accelerating work and progress at all Superfund sites across

the country, and supporting redevelopment and community revitalization.
Using resources from the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, EPA is providing
necessary funding to enable delayed cleanup efforts at 49 Superfund sites to
begin. More than 60% of these sites are in historically underserved communities.
EPA is leading the way to support the return of these and other once-
contaminated sites back to productive use.

These regional profiles highlight community-led efforts as EPA expedites cleanup
and remediation and engages with partners and stakeholders to support
redevelopment and community revitalization.

EPA REGION 1

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INTRODUCTION

America's Industrial Revolution had its origins in New
England. The resulting innovations had far-reaching
impacts across the United States and internationally.
While each state in EPA Region 1 - Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
and Vermont - has grown in different ways, each one
has had to address contamination resulting from past
industrial operations. Today, New England states and
communities are working diligently to find new uses
for their old industrial sites, including Superfund sites.
The Superfund program in EPA Region 1 is proud to
play a role in these efforts.

The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites often
restores value to site properties and amenities to
surrounding communities that have been negatively
affected by contamination. Site redevelopment can
revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses,
tax revenues and local spending.

Through efforts such as the Superfund
Redevelopment Program, EPA Region 1 helps
communities reclaim cleaned-up Superfund sites.

Factoring the reasonably anticipated future use of
Superfund sites into the cleanup process supports
their safe redevelopment. In addition, EPA Region 1
works closely with state and local officials to remove
barriers that have kept many Superfund sites vacant

or underused. EPA Region 1 works to ensure that businesses on properties cleaned up under Superfund can continue
operating in ways that protect human health and the environment during site investigations and cleanup work. This
continuity enables these businesses to remain open and serve as a source of jobs and income for local communities.1

Figure 2. Chik-Fil-A restaurant at the Wells G&H site. (Massachusetts).

Region 1 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use:
Business and Job Highlights

Businesses: 673

Total Annual Sales: $1.9 billion

Number of People Employed: 10,624

Total Annual Employee Income: $874 million

Superfund sites across Region 1 are now the locations of office and business parks, shopping centers, supermarkets,
restaurants, homes, condominiums, apartments and hotels. Other sites support public uses, including a commuter train
and bus station. Many sites continue to host industrial operations, including manufacturing facilities. Some sites now
support energy projects. Other sites host soccer fields, hiking trails, an ice-skating arena and a model airplane flying field.
On-site businesses and organizations at current and former Region 1 Superfund sites provide an estimated 10,624 jobs
and contribute an estimated $874 million in annual employment income. Sites in reuse and continued use in Region 1
generate $26.3 million in annual property tax revenues for local governments.1

1 Business and property value tax figures represent only a subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region 1. There are 48 Superfund
sites in reuse or continued use in Region 1 for which EPA does not have business data, including 15 federal facilities on the Superfund National Priorities List
(NPL). Not all sites in reuse involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people. Several sites without businesses have beneficial effects that
are not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits (e.g., parks, wetlands, ecological habitat and open space). In addition,
there are 47 sites in reuse or continued use in Region lfor which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including 13 NPL federal facilities.

EPA REGION 1

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This profile looks at how redevelopment activities at Superfund sites make a difference in communities across Region
1. In particular, it describes some of the beneficial effects of redevelopment and continued use of current and former
Superfund sites. The profile also describes the land values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned
to use and sites that have remained in use throughout the cleanup process. EPA updates these profiles periodically. The
beneficial effects may increase or decrease over time due to changes in:

•	The number of sites in reuse or continued use.

•	The number of on-site businesses.

•	Data availability.

•	Changes in business and property value data.

Figures presented represent only a subset of all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Region 1.

Figure 3. Left: A locally owned ice cream shop at the South Municipal Water Supply Well site (Massachusetts), Right: Industrial use at the Peterson/
Puritan, Inc. site (Rhode Island).

2

EPA REGION 1

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SUPPORT FOR SUPERFUN
REDEVELOPMENT

EPA Region 1 is committed to improving the health and livelihood of Americans by cleaning up and supporting the return
of land to productive use. In addition to protecting human health and the environment through the Superfund program,
Region 1 partners with stakeholders to encourage redevelopment opportunities at Superfund sites. Region 1 helps
communities and cleanup managers consider redevelopment during cleanup planning and evaluate remedies already
in place to ensure appropriate redevelopment. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and
encourages opportunities to support Superfund redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic
sustainability.

Specific redevelopment support efforts in EPA Region 1 include:

• Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities to
align with site cleanup plans through the redevelopment
planning process.

• Facilitating cleanup and redevelopment discussions to
help resolve key issues between parties interested in site
redevelopment.

• Supporting targeted projects intended to help Region 1
communities and EPA find the right tools to move site
redevelopment forward.

• Making efforts to help address communities' and
developers' liability, safety and reuse concerns through
development of educational materials, comfort letters,
developer agreements and environmental status reports -
known as Ready for Reuse Determinations-that provide
information about the appropriate use of sites.

• Supporting partnerships with groups committed to
returning Superfund sites to productive use.

• Developing the Process for Risk Evaluation, Property
Analysis and Reuse Decisions Workbook for local
governments considering the reuse of contaminated
properties.

• Developing reuse fact sheets, websites, webinars and reuse
case studies to share opportunities and lessons associated
with Superfund Redevelopment.

These efforts have helped build expertise across Region 1, making it easier to both consider future use of Superfund
sites prior to cleanup and to identify opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts also help tribes, state
agencies, local governments, communities, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and other partners and
stakeholders to better understand the potential for future use opportunities for Superfund sites. This helps stakeholders
engage early in the cleanup process, ensuring that Superfund sites are restored as productive assets for communities. Most
importantly, these efforts lead to significant returns for communities, including jobs, annual income and tax revenues.

Introduction

The Peterson/Puritan, Inc. Superfund site (Peterson/Puritan
site) is located in the towns of Cumberland and Lincoln,
Rhode Island. The site includes two operable units along
the Blackstone River. Operable Unit 1 includes the former
Peterson/Puritan manufacturing facility and other industrial
uses. Operable Unit 2 (OU2) includes several different waste
disposal areas.

EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Initiative is sponsoring a
reuse assessment to identify community reuse and aesthetic
goals that can be considered during remedial design of OU2
of the Peterson/Puritan site.

Overview

OU2 of the Peterson/Puritan site is located within the
Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. The
Corridor was established by Congress in 1986 in recognition
of the "unique and significant contributions to our national
heritage of certain historic and cultural lands, waterways
and structures within the Blackstone River Valley" including
the region's textile milling, agricultural and transportation
infrastructure h istory.

In 2015, EPA selected a remedy for OU2 that addresses
contaminated floodplain soils, sediment, and groundwater
within OU2 by excavating and capping waste in two
containment systems. As part of the remedy selection
process, EPA evaluated a number of design measures for
capping that address the need to maintain the aesthetic and
habitat characteristics of the riparian corridor consistent with
the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. This
reuse assessment provides recommendations for integrating
community goals for access and vegetation into the remedial

Figure 1, Site Operable Unite and Context

Community Goals

Throughout the remedial process, EPA has
shared information and collected public
comment regarding the Peterson/Puritan site.
To develop community goals for OU2. the
project team shared known priorities based
on past public meetings and comment periods
where community members had expressed their
priorities for the site. Additionally, the project
team hosted a public meeting for community
input in May 2016. which was well attended by
the community.

Contents

p. 2 Remedy Overview & Status
p. 3 Reuse Goals
p. 4-5 Site Access & Recreational Use
p. 6-7 Vegetation Options
p. 8 Long-Term Stewardship

Figure 4. Reuse Assessment for operable unit 2 at the
Peterson/Puritan Inc. site (Rhode Island),

FINAL

APRIL 2018

EPA REGION 1

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SUPERFUND REDEVELOPMENT:
THE BIG PICTURE

EPA can take and oversee immediate actions at contaminated sites through short-term cleanup activities, also called
removal actions.2 EPA refers sites warranting long-term cleanup to its remedial program or to state programs. The
National Priorities List (NPL) is a list of sites targeted by EPA for further investigation and possible remediation through
the Superfund program. Once EPA places a site on the NPL, the Agency studies the contamination, identifies technologies
to address it and evaluates alternative cleanup approaches. EPA then proposes a cleanup plan and, after collecting public
input, issues a final cleanup plan. The Agency then cleans up the site or oversees cleanup activities. EPA has placed 120
sites in Region 1 on the NPL.

Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate redevelopment priorities into site cleanup plans. In Region 1, EPA currently
tracks 77 NPL sites and 12 non-NPL Superfund sites that are in use. These sites have either new uses in place or uses
that remain in place from before cleanup. Many of these sites have been redeveloped for commercial, industrial and
residential purposes. Others have been redeveloped for recreational, ecological and agricultural uses. Businesses and
other organizations also support culturally and historically significant uses on site areas. Many redeveloped sites support
multiple uses and have the capacity to support more uses and further redevelopment. The following sections take a
closer look at the beneficial effects of businesses operating at current and former Superfund sites in Region 1.

Region 1

Vermont

IN CONTINUED USE

IN REUSE AND
CONTINUED USE

OP ¦ ©

Connecticut

Figure 5. Sites in reuse and continued use in Region 1.

Connecticut

2 Removal actions may be taken at sites on the NPL and sites not on the NPL.

Rhode Island

EPA REGION 1

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Reuse Type

Description

Region 1 Example

Figure 6. Left: The basketball court at the Somersworth Sanitary Landfill site (New Hampshire). Right: Restored waterway at the GE-Pittsfield/
Housatonic River site (Massachusetts).

Sites in Reuse and Continued Use: A Closer Look

In Reuse

Part or all of a site is being used in a new,
different manner than before Superfund
involvement. Or, the property was vacant and
cleanup was designed to support a new, specific
land use.

Nutmeg Valley Road (Connecticut) - Local officials
credit site improvements and the site's deletion from
the NPL as important factors supporting commercial
redevelopment arid economic revitalization at the site
and in nearby areas.

In Continued Use

Historical uses at a site remain active, and/or
the site is still used in the same general manner
as when the Superfund process started at the
site.

Somersworth Sanitary Landfill (New Hampshire) - In
1978, the city covered 10 acres of the site with clean
fill, so the community could use it for recreation. Today,
the area hosts a basketball court and is open for passive
recreation (i.e., walking).

In Reuse and Continued Use °f 0 ,scontinued use and part of the GE - Pittsfield/Housatonic River (Massachusetts) -

site is in reuse. A reuse plan funded by an EPA Superfund Redevelopment

Program pilot grant has guided a variety of continued
and new uses at the site, including a recreation facility,
commercial and industrial spaces, a solar facility, a
school and homes.

Enabling Reuse
at Removal Action Sites

EPA is committed to incorporating reuse plans
into removal action cleanups. In EPA Region 1,
removal action sites are now parks, a tree farm, a
supermarket, a museum, a hotel and a manufacturing
operation. Developers and other parties are
evaluating reuse options at other sites where EPA has
recently completed removal actions. To learn more,
see the profiles of removal action sites in reuse in the
Reuse Summary Profiles section.

Figure 7. Homewood Suites hotel at the Lawrence Metals (Former)
site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF
SUPERFUND SITE
REDEVELOPMENT IN REGION 1

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 673 businesses, government agencies and civic organizations operating on 37 NPL
sites and four non-NPL sites in reuse and continued use in Region l.3 (See the State Redevelopment Profiles for each
state's reuse details, beginning on page 34). Businesses and organizations at these sites are part of several different
sectors, including lodging, professional trade, industrial trade and health care services.

Businesses and organizations at current and former Region 1 Superfund sites such as the Raymark Industries, Inc. site
include large retail operations such as Home Depot and Walmart. Other sites are home to manufacturing and production
companies such as the Linemaster Switch Corporation, Elkay Plastics and General Dynamics Advanced Information
Systems. Hope Global, a manufacturing corporation specializing in engineered textiles for automotive, commercial and
industrial uses, continues to run its operations from its international headquarters at the Peterson/Puritan, Inc. site in
Rhode Island.

The businesses and organizations at these sites generate about $1.9 billion in estimated annual sales and employ about
10,624 people, earning an estimated $874 million in annual employment income. This income injects money into local
economies and generates revenue through personal state income taxes. These businesses also help local economies
through direct purchases of local supplies and services. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and services also
generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes, which support state and local governments. Table 1 provides
more detailed information.4

Table 1. Site and Business Information for Region 1 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use (2021)

Sites°

Sites with
Businesses"

Businessesc

Total Annual
Sales"

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
lncomee

In Reuse1

$106 million

271

$12 million

In Continued Use3

$44 million

194

$13 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

651

$1.8 billion

10,159

$849 million

Totals

673

$1.9 billion

10,624

$874 million

a Fifteen sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
feSee footnote 1, page 1. Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations and civic institutions.
c Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
d For information on the collection of business, jobs and sales data, see the Sources section.

e Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.

f A site "in reuse" refers to a site where a new use or uses are occurring such that there has been a change in the type of use (e.g., industrial to commercial), or
the property was unused and now supports a specific use. This means that the developed site is actually used for its intended purpose by customers, visitors,
employees, residents, or fauna, in the case of ecological reuse.

9 A site "in continued use" refers to areas that are being used in the same general manner as they were when the site became subject to the Superfund or Federal
Facilities Programs.

3 See footnote 1, page 1.

4 For more information on the collection of business, jobs and sales data, see the Sources section.

EPA REGION 1

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Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and
returned to use have the potential to increase in value
significantly. For example, site properties at the Central
Landfill site in Rhode Island are now valued at over
$130 million. This increased value can boost property
tax revenues, which help pay for local government
operations, schools, transit systems and other public
services.

Identifying increases in property values and property
taxes following cleanup and reuse is challenging. This
is due to several factors, including limited data on
past property values and the frequency and timing
of local property value assessments. Likewise, many
factors affect property values, including external
economic and neighborhood factors not related to
a site's contamination or Superfund status. It is also
difficult to isolate the effects of Superfund cleanup and
redevelopment using current property values. However,
these values do provide insight into the current value of
Superfund properties and the potential loss in economic
value if the properties were not cleaned up and made
available for reuse or continued use.

EPA has collected property value data and property tax data for 42 and 41 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in
Region 1, respectively.5 These sites span 1,069 property parcels and 7,026 acres. They have a total property value of $1.3
billion. The average total property value per acre is $188,000.

Land and improvement property value information is available for 42 sites. These properties have a total land value of
$500 million and a total improvement value of $822 million.6

Property tax information is available for 41 sites. The properties generate a combined $26.3 million in local property
taxes annually.

Table 2. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Region 1"

Total Land Value
(42 sites) b

Total Improvement
Value
(42 sites)

Total Property Value
(42 sites)

Total Property Value
per Acre
(42 sites)c

Total Annual Property
Taxes
(41 sites)

$500 million

$822 million

$1.3 billion

$188,000

$26.3 million

a Results are based on an EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program effort to collect on-site property values and property taxes for a subset of Superfund sites. The
property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2018 to 2022. For
more information, see the Sources section. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.
b Detailed (land and improvement) property value data as well as tax data were not available for every site.

c Based on total property value amount of $1.3 billion divided by total acreage of 7,026. Please note, total property value is rounded.

5 There are 47 more sites in reuse or continued use in Region 1 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including 13 NPLfederal facilities. See
footnote 1, page 1.

6 Property values consist of land value and the value of any improvements (buildings and infrastructure) placed on a property. When sites are redeveloped,
some or all of these improvements may be new or already in place. In some cases, the breakdown showing the land value and improvement value is not always
available; only the total property value may be available.

Region 1 Sites in Reuse and Continued
Use: Property Value and Tax Highlights

Total Property Value: $1.3 billion

Total Annual Property Taxes: $26.3 million

Figure 8. Sign for The Nevins, an adult living community at the
Tinkham Garage site (New Hampshire).

EPA REGION 1

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NEFICIAL EFFECTS FROM
HANCED RECREATIONAL
AND ECOLOGICAL AMENITIES

in addition to hosting commercial developments, retail
centers and industrial facilities, many Region 1 sites
in reuse and continued use provide recreational and
ecological benefits. Green space and habitat reuses help
attract visitors and residents and indirectly contribute to
local economies.

Careful planning can enable the integration of green
spaces and habitat into site cleanup plans, resulting in the
transformation of contaminated properties into valuable
community and wildlife assets. Green spaces are integral
components of sustainable communities - they help
protect the environment and human health while providing
other social and economic benefits. Parks, community
gardens and other public green spaces create opportunities
for people to gather, exercise and connect with nature. The
creation of green spaces and habitat at once-contaminated
properties serves to re-introduce ecosystems and biodiversity into urban and suburban landscapes by providing corridors
for migrating species and preserving habitat. They also mitigate stormwater runoff problems by slowly absorbing and
naturally filtering stormwater, resulting in improved water quality due to decreased runoff and erosion.

Parks, natural areas and scenic landscapes also have great economic value - supporting regional economies through
tourism, agriculture and other activities. Economic impacts of recreational activities can include outdoor recreation
spending and reduced public costs related to healthcare and infrastructure. In 2017, outdoor recreation contributed
$887 billion to the U.S. economy, supporting 7.6 million jobs and generating $65.3 billion in national tax revenue and
$59.2 billion in state and local tax revenue.7 Protected green space can also increase the property values of nearby
homes by providing amenities that draw people to live and work in the community. Many sites in Region 1 provide
recreational and ecological benefits.

Figure 9. Wetlands provide wildlife habitat for diverse species at the
Coakley Landfill site (New Hampshire).

7 The Outdoor Recreation Economy. Outdoor Industry Association. Available at outdoorindustrv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/QIA RecEconomv FINAL
Single.pdf.

EPA REGION 1

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CALLAHAN MINE

Expediting a Complex Cleanup

The over 150-acre Callahan Mine Superfund site is in
Brooksvilie, Maine, Most mining activity took place
from 1968 to 1972. Investigations found hazardous
substances in site soil and nearby residential properties,
site groundwater and on-site mining waste materials. EPA
added the site to the NPL in 2002. In 2013, EPA completed
soil cleanup at impacted residential properties and the
former mine operations area. EPA is cleaning up the
tailings dam, the tailings impoundment and contaminated
sediment, as well as restoring area wetlands.

Groundwater investigations are ongoing.

The site is one of 49 Superfund sites receiving an infusion
of resources from the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
to initiate and restart cleanups. The funding will expedite Figure 10. A view of Goose Pond at the Callahan Mine site (Maine).
the cleanup and help protect the surrounding Brooksville

community. Almost 13% of people living within 1 miie of the site had incomes below the federal poverty level in the
past 12 months. EPA supported a community-driven reuse assessment for the site in 2009. It recommended a nature
conservation area with optional recreational uses for the site.

PINE STREET CANAL

Preserving History and Wetlands

The 38-acre Pine Street Canal Superfund site is in
Burlington, Vermont. It consists of a canal, turning basin,
wetlands and upland areas. From 1908 to 1966, a coal
gasification plant operated on site. Improper waste
disposal practices contaminated soil, surface water,
sediment, groundwater, air and wetlands. EPA added the
site to the NPL in 1983. Cleanup activities have included
removal of coal tars, capping of underwater sediment,
habitat restoration, construction of vertical barrier walls,
institutional controls and groundwater monitoring.

Habitat restoration in 2003 and 2004, in accordance
with the site's Wetland Restoration Plan, allowed on-site
wetlands to continue functioning. These wetlands support
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Sunken
barges in the canal and other features at the site are
eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. EPA,
the Vermont State Historic Preservation Officer, and the Performing Defendants agreed on a mitigation plan to minimize
damage to these historic resources during remedy implementation. One business operates on site. It provides local jobs
and generates almost $1 million in estimated annual income. The site is in a federal Opportunity Zone, which are census
tracts of low-income and distressed communities designated by state governors and certified by the U.S. Department of
the Treasury. In May 2022, $6 million was provided for brownfield cleanup and redevelopment at a parcel adjacent to the
Site. The proposed redevelopment projects consist of Silt Botanica Nordic-inspired bathhouse and wellness space; and
Backside Bowl with two-story contemporary bowling alley, entertainment, and community gathering space. In addition,
the developers and the city are exploring the potential creation of a green gateway to the city-owned parcel located on
the site as public open space.

. . 1"

Figure 11. Early rendering of proposed Silt Botanica Nordic-inspired
bathhouse and wellness redevelopment adjacent to the Pine Street Canal
site (Vermont). Source: Silt Botanica, used with permission.

EPA REGION 1

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SULLIVAN'S LEDGE

Wetland Restoration Providing 13 Acres of Habitat

The Sullivan's Ledge Superfund site is in New Bedford,

Massachusetts. In 1935, the city of New Bedford took over a
former granite quarry and turned it into a dump for hazardous
materials. Waste disposal activities took place on site until the
1970s. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1984. In total, around
18% of people living within 1 mile of the site had incomes below
the federal poverty level in the past 12 months, compared to the
state average of 10%.

Cleanup activities included treatment of groundwater, removing
contaminated soil and sediment, capping the site, and the
implementation of institutional controls. Cleanup also removed
contamination from a neighboring golf course using an approach
that enabled the facility to remain open throughout the efforts.

EPA also restored 13 acres of wetlands.

In 2013, EPA approved the installation of a 1.76-megawatt solar project on the capped part of the site. In addition to the
array, the wetland habitat restoration has been an ecological reuse success. A contractor put in a new stream channel,
including short-term and long-term erosion protection measures, such as heavy erosion control blankets and seeding of
native plants. The restored wetland area now provides habitat for many wildlife species, including the great blue heron,
great egret, red-tailed hawk, red fox and spotted turtle, The mystic valley amphipod (Crangonyx aberrans), a globally
vulnerable invertebrate, has also been found in the restored habitat areas.

Figure 12. Red foxes are one of many wildlife species frequenting
wetlands at the Sullivan's Ledge site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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Why Are Wetlands Economically Important?

Superfund site reuse can support wetland habitat,
as seen at several sites in Region 1. At the Ottati &
Goss/Kingston Steel Drum Superfund site in Kingston,
New Hampshire, wetland restoration work included
the planting of more than 1,000 trees and shrubs.
Restored wetlands at the Shpack Landfill Superfund
site in Attleboro and Norton, Massachusetts, help
treat stormwater and alleviate flooding along a
roadway next to the site. Cleanup at the South
Municipal Water Supply Well Superfund site in
Peterborough, New Hampshire, included wetlands
restoration in 1994. Today, the site hosts ecologically
significant surface water features, including a sedge
meadow, a shallow marsh, the Coontoocook River and
Noone Pond system, and its associated deep marsh.

I 7

US z •" \

; 3

Figure 13. Cleanup of the Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp. site (New
Hampshire) restored wetland habitat and helps protect Pequawket
Pond (pictured), which borders the site to the south.

Wetlands provide a variety of benefits. The combination of shallow water, high levels of nutrients and primary
productivity is ideal for organisms that form the base of the food web and feed many species of fish, amphibians,
shellfish and insects. Wetlands are extremely effective in removing pollutants from water and acting as filters for
future drinking water. Wetlands play a role in reducing the frequency and intensity of floods. They can store large
amounts of carbon. They also provide recreational amenities.

These benefits also have economic value. Replacing wetlands' water treatment services with manmade facilities,
for example, would be expensive. Worldwide, wetlands provide an estimated $14.9 trillion benefit in ecosystem
services. To learn more, see:

EPA's Economic Benefits of Wetlands: www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/economic
benefits of wetlands.pdf.

EPA's Why Are Wetlands Important?: www.epa.gov/wetlands/whv-are-wetlands-important.

EPA's Functions and Values of Wetlands: www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/functions
values of wetlands.pdf.

EPA REGION 1

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Redevelopment of Federal Facility Sites

EPA Region 1 provides cleanup oversight and support at many federal facilities across New England, EPA works with the
U.S. Department of Defense to:

• Ensure appropriate plans are in place for site cleanup and long-term monitoring.

• Provide cleanup oversight.

• Assist with cleanup actions when appropriate.

Cleanups of federal facilities are often complex, involving many parties to address contamination across large areas. At
active federal facilities, EPA works with all appropriate parties to minimize the impact of cleanup activities on military
operations.

At federal facilities identified for closure or new missions, where appropriate, EPA works with federal, state and local
parties to make sure cleanup efforts align with redevelopment plans. Former federal facility sites are now in use for a
wide range of purposes, from business parks and industrial complexes to cultural centers and parks. These uses provide
benefits for communities affected by facility closures. Here are a few examples:

• EPA placed Pease Air Force Base in New Hampshire
on the NPL in 1990. The U.S. Air Force continues to
investigate site conditions and is putting systems in
place to treat contaminated groundwater. The site
is now home to an airport, the Great Bay National
Wildlife Refuge and the Pease International Tradeport.

The thriving Tradeport business park is home to over
260 businesses. The site also supports Portsmouth
International Airport, the New Hampshire Air National
Guard and a golf course. Site businesses employ about
6,300 people, providing estimated annual employment
income of $587 million and generating $1.6 billion in
estimated annua! sales revenue.

• EPA placed the Loring Air Force Base in Maine on the
NPL in 1990. During investigations and cleanup, the
Loring Development Authority has worked with the U.S.

Air Force, Maine DEP and EPA to establish the Loring
Commerce Centre, an industrial complex, aviation
centre and business park. Businesses and federal
agencies in the centre provide jobs and income for
the surrounding community. Together, these agencies,
businesses and other organizations employ over 800
people and generate an estimated $9 million in annual
sales revenue.

• EPA placed 9,000-acre Fort Devens in Massachusetts
on the NPL in 1989. While cleanup and investigations
continue, a successful partnership between
EPA, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S.

Army, the commonwealth of Massachusetts and
MassDevelopment has contributed to increased
employment opportunities as weil as increased revenue
for the community. Over 140 establishments are active
on site, including warehouses and distribution centers,

Figure 14. Entrance to Loring Job Corps Center on the Loring Air
Force Base Superfund site (Maine).

Figure 15. Commercial and industrial redevelopment of the Fort
Devens site (Massachusetts) supports about 4,600jobs.

EPA REGION 1

-------
manufacturing and industrial spaces, and research
and development facilities. These businesses employ
about 4,600 people and generate about $1.8 billion in
estimated annual sales. Redevelopment also includes
a Native American cultural center and residential
properties, as well as the Shirley Meadows affordable
apartments for seniors with supportive services for
aging, which opened in 2020, and an expansion of the
Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge. In 2022, two major
developments are underway including a $500 million
45-acre bio-manufacturing campus and a $300 million
47-acre fusion energy research and manufacturing
facility.

•	EPA placed the Materials Technology Laboratory
(USARMY) site in Massachusetts on the NPL in 1994.
Cleanup removed contamination and demolished
an on-site nuclear reactor. The site is now home to
stores, restaurants, a childcare facility, a fitness center,
corporate offices and other businesses, as well as the
Arsenal Center for the Arts. Site businesses employ
about 1,700 people and generate about $360 million in
estimated annual sales revenue.

•	EPA placed the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion
Center in Rhode Island on the NPL in 1989. Today,
about 90 companies are on site, employing about 1,400
people. Park and recreation areas for the community
have also been created. The site is also the cornerstone
of the larger Quonset Business Park, which is home to
over 200 companies that employ 11,000 people.

More summary profiles of federal facilities in reuse and
continued use are available in the Reuse Summary Profiles
section.

Figure 17. The commercial redevelopment of the Materials
Technology (USARMY) site (Massachusetts) has attracted many
businesses to the area.

WELCOME

HOME 0FSEABE12S
MUSEUM S MEMORIAL PARK

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Figure 16. Attractions at the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion
Center (Rhode Island) include commercial and recreational
developments, as well as cultural heritage preservation.

EPA REGION 1

13

-------
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS FROM
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROJECTS

Alternative energy projects provide a range of beneficial effects. They support construction and operations jobs, spur
local investment for manufacturing and materials, create benefits for landowners in the form of land lease and right-of-
way payments, lower energy costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They also help hedge against energy price and
supply volatility, support local business competitiveness and technology supply chain development, provide outreach
and public relations opportunities for site owners and communities, and contribute to broader economic development
planning. Alternative energy projects at Superfund sites and other contaminated lands help support White House
priorities to strengthen resilience to climate change and increase access to clean energy sources. These projects also can
help communities reclaim and return contaminated lands to productive uses, while supporting EPA's mission to protect
human health and the environment.

As of September 2022, EPA is tracking 24 alternative energy projects at 23 Superfund sites in Region 1. These projects
have an installed capacity of about 153 megawatts. Four of these projects offset on-site energy demands of cleanup
efforts or directly power site-related cleanup activities.

r
&

Solar Projects

Wind Projects

Biomass Projects

Landfill Gas
Project

Hydroelectric
Project

Alternative energy projects tracked in
Region 1 generate an estimated 524,476
megawatt hours each year.8
This is equivalent to...

371,687 metric tons of carbon dioxide.

The greenhouse gas emissions of 80,087
gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven
for one year.

The carbon dioxide emissions from 46,819
homes' energy use for one year.

Equivalencies were calculated using power production. Production values were not available for two projects in Region 1. Estimated power production for
solar projects was calculated using facility capacity (megawatts) with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's PVWatts Calculator pvwatts.nrel.gov. To
learn more about equivalencies, visit www.epa.gov/energv/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator.

EPA REGION 1

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OPPORTUNITY ZONE TAX
INCENTIVES AS A SUPERFUND
REDEVELOPMENT TOOL

Opportunity Zones are a powerful tool that encourages economic revitalization in distressed communities by
incentivizing long-term, sustainable investment in redevelopment and stimulating economic growth. State governors
have designated 8,756 Opportunity Zones across the country in geographic areas that suffer double the national poverty
rate. Socio-economic metrics show that Opportunity Zones are among the highest-need communities in the nation. The
U.S. Department of the Treasury estimates that Opportunity Zones may attract up to $100 billion in investments, which
strengthens the financial viability of redevelopment projects at Superfund sites located in Opportunity Zones.

Redevelopment of current or former Superfund sites may qualify for Opportunity Zone tax benefits. Nationally, there
are 343 NPL sites located entirely or partially in Opportunity Zones. Estimates indicate there are thousands of Superfund
removal sites in Opportunity Zones across the nation. In Region 1, there are 18 NPL sites located entirely or partially in an
Opportunity Zone. Redevelopment investments that meet appropriate qualifying criteria may be eligible for Opportunity
Zone tax benefits. EPA and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) have tools and resources to
help local leaders achieve equitable outcomes in Opportunity Zone development projects.

> imr- l.

Northern Marianna Islands
and Guam

. v-am-i ***. -.v. .
• ^ -J ii- -i v^S.-

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Puerto Rico and U.S.
Virgin Islands

American Samoa

Figure 18. About 8,756 Opportunity Zones were established in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the five U.S. territories.

EPA REGION 1

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pXVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND
ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION

Communities with environmental justice concerns are disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and
hazards and typically include marginalized, underserved, low-income groups and people of color, including tribal and
indigenous people. Superfund cleanups and redevelopment are opportunities to evaluate how to reduce impacts
on these communities and, through meaningful community involvement efforts, engage communities in productive
dialogue to increase local benefits through reuse opportunities that meet community needs.

in 2021, President Biden issued two executive orders - Executive Order 13985 (Advancing Racial Equity and Support for
Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government) and Executive Order 14008 (Tackling the Climate Crisis at
Home and Abroad). The executive orders directed federal agencies to develop and implement policies and strategies
that strengthen compliance and enforcement, incorporate environmental justice considerations in their work, increase
community engagement, and ensure that at least 40% of the benefits from federal investments in climate and clean
energy flow to underserved communities.

EPA has taken this charge to heart and, in September 2022, issued
the EJ Action Plan: Building Up Environmental Justice in EPA's Land
Protection and Cleanup Programs {EJ Action Plan), intended to
address land cleanup issues in overburdened communities across
the country. The plan includes strategies to enhance nearly two
dozen projects while addressing the need for stronger compliance,
increased environmental justice considerations in EPA regulations,
and improved community engagement. The plan also complements
the recommendations for integrating environmental justice into the
cleanup and redevelopment of Superfund and other contaminated
sites highlighted in the May 2021 National Environmental Justice
Advisory Council (NEJAC) report, Superfund Remediation and
Redevelopment for Environmental Justice Communities.

in addition, EPA is using a $1 biilion investment from the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law to fund new cleanup projects at 49 Superfund
sites across the country. Many of these sites have been part of
a backlog of Superfund sites awaiting funding for cleanup, some
of which have been waiting for over four years. This historic
investment will finance cleanup at four sites in Region 1.

Figure 19: EPA's EJ Action Plan aims to address cleanup

issues in overburdened communities across the country.

v> EPA

EJ ACTION PLAN

Building Up Environmental justice
in EPA's Land Protection and Cleanup Pre

Office of Land and
Emergency Management (OLEM)
EPA 502/P-21/001

16

EPA REGION 1

-------
DEVELOPMENT IN ACTION

CONWAY PARK

Collaboration Returns Park to Public Use

The 2.8-acre Conway Park Superfund site is in Somerville, Massachusetts.

A bleachery and dye works facility once operated on site. After the city
took ownership of the property, it became a park in the early to mid-20th
century. In 2017, a city contractor sampled soil as part of a site assessment
Subsequent sampling found widespread PCB contamination in soil along
with subsurface debris, which led the city to restrict access to the site.

In 2019, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
(MassDEP) asked EPA to assist with the cleanup. EPA worked closely
with the city of Somerville on an approach that shared responsibility for
cleanup activities and costs. Cleanup started in early 2021, after a series
of community meetings and information-sharing events hosted by the city.

Between July and September 2021, the city and EPA disposed of about
9,000 tons of PCB-contaminated soil. The cleanup included air monitoring and dust control to make sure contamination
did not spread off site during cleanup activities. Site restoration activities included preparing the area for new field
construction, repairing and replacing retaining walls, putting in utilities, planting new trees and updating the complex's
playground.

The site is in a densely populated residential and commercial area. About 18,000 people live within a half mile of the
site. Close collaboration among EPA and state and local partners resulted in a timely cleanup and restoration of the site,
returning the popular recreation amenity to beneficial use for the community.

In December 2021, the city of Somerville celebrated the completion of a new, synthetic-turf ballfield at the site. The city
completed playground and other facility updates in May 2022.

PARSONS PAPER MILL

Former Mill Building and Property Repurposed by
Holyoke Business

The 4.6-acre Parsons Paper Mill Superfund site is in Holyoke, Massachusetts.

From 1896 to 2004, Parsons Paper Company made writing and stationary
paper as well as artist paper and archival paper on site. In 2008, a fire
destroyed parts of the miii and the interconnected building complex. In 2009,

EPA found asbestos in samples from the burned areas of the buildings and
approved a time-critical removal action, including the removal of asbestos
containing material, formaldehyde resin, metal containing fly ash and drums
with hazardous wastes. In 2009 and 2010, EPA removed hazardous materials
and asbestos that posed a threat to public health. EPA removed five 30-cubic

EPA REGION 1

Figure 20. Reuse at the Conway Park site
(Massachusetts).

Figure 21. Historical photo of the Parsons Paper
Company facility at the Parsons Paper Mill site
(Massachusetts).

-------
yard roll-off containers and over 500 tons of asbestos containing
material, as well as metal containing fly ash, formaldehyde resin, and
drums with hazardous wastes from the property.

The site is in a historic canal mill district. Within 1 mile of the site,

67% of residents are considered low income, compared to the
state average of 22%. The city of Holyoke identified the site as a
redevelopment opportunity in its Urban Renewal Plan. In 2014, the
Holyoke Redevelopment Authority (HRA) signed an agreement with
Northeast Utilities to conduct an environmental assessment and
address remaining cleanup needs. In 2015, the HRA worked with state
and local partners to further remediate the site and spur interest in
redevelopment.

In 2016, Aegis Energy Services (Aegis), a combined heat and power
systems manufacturer, partnered with the HRA to expand its adjacent
business operations onto the site. Aegis restored the remaining
40,000-square-foot building on site to accommodate the company's
headquarters and expand production space. Aegis also put in a new
parking lot and a 4-megawatt, grid-connected solar array. Aegis' $7
million expansion is the city's largest manufacturing expansion in
recent years. In addition to increased property tax contributions
to the city, Aegis also added 30 new jobs for the community. The
former mill building and property will continue to provide community
benefits for years to come.

GE-PITTSFIELD/HOUSATONIC RIVER

Cleanup Supports Investment to Spur Economic Growth

The GE-Pittsfield/Housatonic River site includes a 254-acre former
manufacturing facility, filled river oxbows, neighboring commercial
properties, the Allendale School, Silver Lake, the Housatonic River,
floodplains and other areas. The site contains contamination
released from the Genera! Electric Company (GE) facility in
Pittsfield, Massachusetts. A revised cleanup decision in the form of
a Revised Corrective Action Permit for portions of the Housatonic
River was issued in December 2020. This permit is currently under
appeal. A Consent Decree entered in federal court in 2000 outlined
the cleanup of all other areas of the site. Ail 20 cleanup actions
outside the river are now complete. Cleanup of 2 miles of the
Housatonic River is also already complete.

Figure 22. After demolition of the damaged former
paper mill building, Aegis renovated the second building
and installed a solar field at the Parsons Paper Mill site
(Massachusetts). Map image is the intellectual property of
Esri and is used herein under license. Copyright © 2022 Esri
and its licensors. All rights reserved. Sources: Esri, Maxar,
GeoEye, Earthstar Geographies, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA,
USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community.

Figure 23. Berkshire Innovation Center opened in 2020 at the
GE-Pittsfield/Housatonic River site (Massachusetts).

As part of ongoing cleanup activities, the community prioritized the reuse of the former GE facility, located in the heart
of downtown Pittsfield. Funded by a Superfund Redevelopment Program pilot grant from EPA, the Pittsfield Economic
Development Authority (PEDA) developed a reuse plan. The plan outlined opportunities for sports fields and an office
park. In 2004, GE built a 3-acre recreational facility on site for the community. The facility includes a baseball diamond,
soccer field, jogging track, equipment storage, fencing and lighting. Between 2005 and 2012, PEDA received ownership
of 50 acres at the site for the development of the William Stanley Business Park. The facility provides commercial and
industrial space for area businesses. The park's first tenant, a financial services company, built a 170,000-square-foot
building that opened in 2012. Western Massachusetts Electric Company installed an 8-acre solar power facility in 2010,
using 2 acres of the site and 6 acres of an adjacent property, which generates 1.8 megawatts of electricity.

EPA REGION 1

-------
in 2012 and 2013, a 26 acre lake and associated banks and floodpiain were remediated. The bank/floodplain remediation
including the construction of walking path, benches and the extensive planting of native trees and shrubs. In 2014,

PEDA received a $9 million state grant to design and build the Berkshire Innovation Center (BIC). The BIC facility opened
for business in February 2020. The facility supports shared research, early-stage production and commercialization,
and workforce training for life science companies and related businesses. Announced in 2022, the BIC will receive an
additional $1M from American Rescue Plan Act for establishing a manufacturing academy to spur economic growth
and jobs. Two large employers continue to operate on the GE-owned portion of the 254-acre facility. Continued uses on
the non-GE-owned portion of the site (excluding the Rest of River) include an elementary school, about 86 residential
properties, about 35 commercial properties and a city park.

1NDUSTRI-PLEX

Safe Redevelopment Inspires New Projects

The Industri-Plex Superfund site in Woburn, Massachusetts, is located
12 miles outside of Boston. Nearly 20,000 people live within 1 mile
of the site. From 1853 to 1969, manufacturers made chemicals,
insecticides, munitions and glue products at the site. Improper waste
management practices contaminated groundwater, surface water,
soil and sediment. EPA added the site to the l\SPL in 1983. Cleanup
included placement of protective covers over contaminated parts of
the site, dredging and off-site disposal of contaminated sediment,
construction of wetlands, and institutional controls.

From 1997 to 2009, several development projects took place on site.
EPA worked with the Site Custodial Trust on agreements with the
Massachusetts Port Authority, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation
Authority and the Massachusetts Highway Department that
allowed for the development of a new interstate highway exchange,
expanded public roadways and development of the 34-acre James
Anderson Regional Transportation Center. EPA also worked with the
Site Custodial Trust on agreements with developers for a connector
road, a 200,000-square-foot shopping center, commercial business
space, an office park and a hotel complex. EPA also worked with
developers to redevelop formerly industrial property as a Chipotle
restaurant and Bob Stores. From 2015 to 2017, EPA led more cleanup
activities downstream of the site in Woburn, Massachusetts.

Construction of the first project, a 200-unit apartment community at the 200 Presidential Way property began in 2018,
finished in 2019 and EPA deleted the property from the NPL in 2020. Construction of the second project, multi-family
housing with 289 units and over 9,000 square feet of commercial space at the 120 Commerce Way property, is underway.
Developers installed vapor mitigation systems beneath occupied building spaces, began leasing in 2022 and anticipate
project completion by the end of 2022.

In 2018, developers collected data and prepared baseline risk
assessments assessing potential future residential use for two site
properties. Based on the results, EPA found there was no risk for
residential use of the site at the 200 Presidential Way property and
that some restrictions would allow for residential reuse of the 120
Commerce Way property. EPA issued an Explanation of Significant
Differences that updated the remedy, enabling two mixed-use projects

Figure 24. Top: The James Anderson Regional
Transportation Center on the Industri-Plex site
(Massachusetts) provides the community with passenger
rail, commuter train and bus service. Bottom: The Emery
Flats apartment complex at the site.

to move forward.

EPA REGION 1

-------
With EPA continuing to provide support for the safe redevelopment of the site, more projects are on the horizon. They
include construction of the New Boston Street Rail Road Bridge, several solar rooftop projects, a 4.0-megawatt solar
facility, mixed residential and commercial reuse, a life science laboratory and an office building. Today, 47 businesses on
site employ over 1,000 people who earn an estimated combined annual income of nearly $71 million. On-site businesses
generate over $212 million in sales annually. Site property parcels had a total value of over $234 million in 2022,
generating more than $4.3 million in annual property taxes. EPA recognized the site's successful redevelopment with a
Phoenix Award in 2000.

NYANZA CHEMICAL WASTE DUMP

Restoration, Redevelopment to Deliver Lasting
Environmental Benefits

The 35-acre Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund
site is in Ashland, Massachusetts. From 1917 to 1978,
companies made textile dyes and other products at
the site. Companies buried solid waste on site and on
Megunko Hill, which was used as an unsecured landfill.

Companies aiso released wastewater into a system of
lagoons and storage areas that drained into nearby
wetlands and the Sudbury River. These improper waste
handling practices resulted in groundwater, soil and
sediment contamination. EPA added the site to the NPL
in 1982.

To clean up the site, EPA excavated contaminated soil,
sediment and sludge and placed a landfill cap over
contaminated soil from 1990 to 1992. In 2007, EPA also
put in 41 vapor mitigation systems to prevent volatile
organic chemical vapors from migrating into buildings
from the groundwater plume. In 2013, EPA installed two extraction and recovery wells to remove residual DNAPL from
the source area. In 2020, EPA selected a final remedy to address VOC contaminated groundwater, and is currently in the
design phase.

From 1999 to 2001, EPA worked to restore impacted wetlands, including the 5.5-acre Eastern Wetland on site. EPA dug
up mercury-contaminated sediment and put them in the on-site landfill, which was later capped. EPA also does periodic
fish tissue sampling to monitor mercury in the Sudbury River. Fish consumption advisories have been posted in areas
along the Sudbury River in six communities. Over 3,700 people live within 1 mile of the site.

Several businesses, including NYACOL Nano Technologies, continue to operate on the site. These businesses employ over
40 people who earn an estimated combined annual income of nearly $3.9 million. On site businesses generate over $9.6
million in sales annually. Site property parcels had a total value of over $8.5 million in 2022, generating $61,300 in annual
property taxes.

Developer Ashland Solar reached out to EPA and the MassDEP regarding the site's solar potential. EPA and MassDEP
worked with the developer to make sure a solar array would be compatible with the site's remedy and protective of the
landfill cap. In December 2019, Ashland Solar completed construction of the new grid-connected solar array and began
operating on the site's landfill cap. This array, together with a nearby off-site solar array, generates up to 5.8 megawatts
of electricity.

Figure 2b. A developer built a solar project on the landfill cap at the Nyanza
Chemical Waste Dump site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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SCOVILL INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL

Infrastructure Funding to Advance Cleanup

The 25-acre Scovill Industrial Landfill Superfund site is in Waterbury,

Connecticut. From 1919 to the mid-1970s, the Scovill Manufacturing
Company used the area as a iandfiil. By the mid-1990s, developers had
built condominiums, apartment buildings, small commercial buildings
and a shopping mall on the southern part of the site. Within a 1-mile
radius of the site, 63% of residents are people of color and 43% of
residents are considered low income. The northern part of the site is an
undeveloped 6.8-acre parcel known as the Calabrese parcel. In 1988,
residential development at the parcel uncovered industrial wastes.

The Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection
(CT DEEP) issued a stop-work order and removed 2,300 tons of PCB-
contaminated soil along with 18 capacitors from the Calabrese parcel. CT
DEEP then placed a temporary soil cap over the area and fenced it. EPA
added the site to the NPL in 2000.

In 2004, EPA provided support to the city of Waterbury for a reuse planning process for the site to develop future land
use recommendations for the Calabrese parcel. EPA selected a cleanup plan in 2013, and completed the remedial design
in 2016.

In 2021, Congress passed the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to initiate cleanup and clear the backlog of 49 previously
unfunded Superfund site cleanups across the nation, particularly in disadvantaged communities. EPA received funding to
begin cleanup activities at the site.

Cleanup will include targeted excavations in areas exceeding regulatory contaminant levels and consolidation of
contaminated soil under a soil cap on the Calabrese parcel or disposal off site. Excavated areas will be backfilled with
clean fill and restored to original conditions with either new pavement or vegetation. Wetland cleanup is also planned.
Institutional controls will prevent contact with contaminated soil and protect the cap.

EPA's cleanup design has allowed for continued residential and commercial use at the site. Today, 22 businesses on
site generate nearly $14.6 million in sales annually. These businesses employ over 160 people who have an estimated
combined annual income of over $4.7 million. Site property parcels had a total value of over $9.1 million in 2021,
generating $576,022 in annual property taxes.

BLACKBURN & UNION PRIVILEGES

Meeting Community Needs with New Police Station
and Senior Center

The Blackburn & Union Privileges Superfund site is in Walpole, Massachusetts. Industrial and commercial processes using
chromium, arsenic and mercury at the site date back to the 1600s. From 1891 to 1915, facilities made tires, rubber goods
and insulating materials on site. From 1915 to 1937, a facility operated on site, crushing raw asbestos to use in brake and
clutch linings. Various cotton and fabric production processes took place at the site from 1937 to 1985, when the facility
was abandoned. Industrial operations contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the NPL in
1994.

EPA approved the site's cleanup plan in 2008. It includes excavation and dredging of contaminated soil and sediment,
followed by off-site disposal. It also includes groundwater extraction and treatment, long-term monitoring, and land and
groundwater use restrictions. Cleanup began in 2015 and is ongoing. The town of Walpole has taken ownership of many
site parcels for unpaid taxes. More than 5,000 people live within 1 mile of the site.

Figure 26. The undeveloped 6.8-acre Calabrese Parcel at
the Scovill Industrial Landfill site (Connecticut).

EPA REGION 1

-------
in 2000, EPA awarded the town of Walpoie a Superfund
Redevelopment Program grant to develop reuse plans for the site.

The town completed its redevelopment plan in 2004. it proposed
several reuse options, including commercial, industrial, municipal and
recreational uses.

In May 2018, town officials, police and community members attended
a ribbon-cutting ceremony for a new police station. The facility
provides space for the growing department and includes state-of-the-
art safety equipment and emergency response technologies as well
as training space for seminars and training sessions. The station has
an evidence room, a processing area, and a police and fire services
dispatch center.

In December 2018, another ribbon-cutting ceremony marked the
completion of a senior center - the Walpoie Co-operative Bank South Street Center - on site. The Walpoie Council on
Aging officially opened the facility in January 2019.

The 13,000-square-foot center houses a veterans' services office, offers several recreation department adult education
classes and hosts community gatherings. The town's new rail trail, which opened in 2018, is behind the senior center
building, offering seniors easy access to the recreation resource.

During the ribbon-cutting ceremony, EPA recognized the town of Walpoie and the Walpoie Council on Aging for
their exceptional reuse leadership and hard work transforming this former industrial area into the community's first
stand-alone senior center. In August 2019, EPA and the town of Walpoie held an event celebrating EPA's Superfund
Redevelopment Program's 20th anniversary. In 2021, the police station employed about 50 people. Site property parcels
had a total value of over $12.7 million in 2020.

FLETCHER'S PAINT WORKS & STORAGE

Redevelopment Brings New Public Performance Space

The Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage Superfund site is in
Milford, New Hampshire. The 2-acre site includes two areas - a
former manufacturing plant and retail outlet on Elm Street and
a storage area on Mill Street. The plant operated from 1948
to 1991. An inspection by the New Hampshire Department of
Environmental Services (NHDES) found leaking and open drums
on site. NHDES also found site-related contamination in the Keyes
Municipal Water Supply Well next to the site. Facility operations
contaminated soil, groundwater and nearby sediment in the
Souhegan River. Nearly 4,000 people live within a mile of the site.

EPA added the site to the NPL in 1989.

Early cleanup efforts included building demolition, drum removal,
fencing installation, use of temporary cover systems and removal
of contaminated soil from residential properties. In 1996, at the
request of the town of Milford, General Electric, the potentially

responsible party (PRP) removed soil with low levels of contamination from the Elm Street area of the site to allow
for construction of a Korean War memorial. A removal action in 2016 included excavation and off-site disposal of
contaminated sediment from the Souhegan River.

Figure 27. The police station at the Blackburn & Union
Privileges site (Massachusetts).

Figure 28. This public performance space at the Fletcher's
Paint Works & Storage site (New Hampshire) is partly built
with locally quarried stone.

EPA REGION 1

-------
In 2017, the site's PRP completed remedy construction. Cleanup of the Mill Street area included excavating soil,
backfilling the area with clean soil and putting in a grass cover, and relocating Mill Street on part of the area to improve
traffic management. Cleanup of the Elm Street area included excavating soil and putting in a soil and grass cover
engineered for recreation. An asphalt cover on parts of the site provides the town with more parking for nearby Keyes
Memorial Park. In 2019, construction of a public performance space at the on-site entrance to Keyes Memorial Park
finished. The three-sided stage was built with locally quarried stones repurposed from another structure. All materials
and labor for the project were donated.

IRON HORSE PARK

Continued Commercial/Industrial Uses with New
Solar Facility

The Iron Horse Park Superfund site is a 553-acre industrial complex
in North Billerica, Massachusetts. Industrial activities at the site,
including manufacturing, rail yard maintenance and landfilling (a
number of landfills were developed on site), began in the early
1900s. Improper materials handling and waste disposal practices
contaminated site soil, sediment, groundwater and surface water. In
1984, EPA led a short-term cleanup and capped a 13.3-acre asbestos
landfill. Later that year, EPA added the site to the NPL. Cleanup
included the removal and treatment of contaminated soil and
sediment, landfill closure and capping, marsh restoration and new
wetland habitat. Cleanup construction work was completed in 2022.

EPA's cleanup incorporated reuse planning efforts and supported
the continued operation of industrial businesses on site. These areas
include lumber, manufacturing and railyard maintenance facilities.

Together, these businesses support nearly 300 jobs and provide
more than $23 million in estimated annual employment income. Site
businesses generate an estimated $89 million in annual sales. More
than 4,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. In 2020, site property
parcels had a total value of over $23 million, generating nearly
$574,000 in annual property taxes.

MIRON HORSE PARK?

EPA also coordinated with developers on plans to support energy
infrastructure at the site. While remedy protectiveness measures
prevented the site's Shaffer Landfill from supporting conventional
redevelopment projects, the landfill drew the attention of alternative
energy developer Urban Green Technologies (UGT) as a potential
location for solar power infrastructure. EPA and MassDEP worked
with UGT on plans to maximize use of available land, account for the
landfill's steep slopes, and ensure the integrity of the landfill cap. After

plan approval in 2012, UGT began construction of the first solar installation at the site - a 6-megawatt, 25-acre array - in
2013. To account for the landfill's steep slopes, UGT installed the array's 20,000 solar panels in small sub-arrays rather
than one large installation. The project employed about 50 people during construction.

Figure 29. Top: Signage for several businesses and part of
the one of the three solar arrays at the Iron Horse Park site
(Massachusetts). Bottom: Pan Am Railways supports about
200 jobs at the Iron Horse Park site (Massachusetts).

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Since project construction finished in 2014, two more solar projects have followed. Through a net metering agreement,
one of the site's solar projects provides the energy for four school systems and the local government. Together, the
three solar arrays have a total generating capacity of 16 megawatts. In 2014, EPA Region 1 recognized the project team
- including the town of Billerica, UGT and investment company Capital Dynamics - with its first Excellence in Site Reuse
Award.

EPA REGION 1

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KEARSARGE METALLURGICAL CORP.

Planning for Future Uses Facilitates Commercial and
Industrial Reuse

The 9-acre Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp. (KMC) Superfund site is in Conway,

New Hampshire, on the north bank of Pequawket Pond. From the mid-
1960s through the early 1980s, KMC made stainless steel valves and other
materials on site. Facility operations included the disposal of hazardous
wastes in piles on site, the discharge of waste solvents into a septic system
and the storage of wastes in rusted drums. These practices contaminated
site groundwater and soil. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1984.

EPA and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services made
sure to consider the site's potential future use early in the cleanup process
and completed a reuse assessment in 2004. The assessment found that
the site would likely support commercial or industrial uses in the future.

Cleanup included the removal of waste pile materials, other contaminated source materials and contaminated soil, and
groundwater treatment. Cleanup also included land and groundwater use restrictions and treatment of contaminated
soil in the forested wetland area on site. The cleanup restored the wetland habitat and helps protect nearby Pequawket
Pond, a local recreation amenity. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing.

With the site sitting idle for decades, the town of Conway was eager to support its return to productive use. The town
took ownership of the site in 2012 and began preparing the property for reuse. Part of the original KMC building posed
a hazard and the town demolished it. In 2013, the town sold the property to a new owner, who restored the remaining
original KMC buildings and converted the former groundwater treatment building into an automobile workshop. The
property's transformation spurred activity in the surrounding industrial park, an important local economic resource that
had mostly stood vacant. Within a 1-mile radius of the site, 39% of residents are considered low income. Today, three
businesses are on site - a towing company, a heating business, and a farm equipment and diesel truck repair facility.
These businesses provide about $150,000 in estimated annual employee income and generated about $613,000 in
estimated annual sales.

PETERSON/PURITAN, INC.

Preserving Cultural Heritage while Supporting
Continued Use

Figure 30. The Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp. site's
former groundwater treatment building is now
home to an automobile workshop (New Hampshire).

The 500-acre Peterson/Puritan, Inc. Superfund site is located in Lincoln
and Cumberland, Rhode Island. The site spans 2 miles of recreational,
commercial and industrial property along the banks of the Blackstone River.
Past site operations included aerosol packaging, chemical manufacturing,
warehousing and landfiiiing. Improper waste management and chemical
spills contaminated site soil and groundwater. EPA added the site to the NPL
in 1983.

Cooperation among EPA, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental
Management, and other stakeholders resulted in the successful cleanup
and reuse of parts of the site. By remaining open during cleanup, site
businesses continue to support jobs that generate revenues, income and
local spending. Nearly 4,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. Today, site
businesses employ more than 740 people and contribute an estimated $37
million in annual employment income. In 2021, site businesses generated

Figure 31. The 30 Martin Street building at the
Peterson/Puritan, Inc. site is home to several small
businesses (Rhode Island).

EPA REGION 1

-------
over $85 million in estimated annual sales. In 2021, the combined
value of site property parcels was over $27 million, resulting in the
generation of nearly $397,952 in annual taxes.

Cooperation between EPA and site stakeholders led to the deletion of
19.8 acres from the site. In 2005, landowners planned to redevelop
the Macklands and Berkeley properties for residential uses. After
environmental investigations, EPA, with concurrence from the state
of Rhode Island, determined that the release impacting the site
poses no significant risk to human health or the environment at the
Macklands and Berkeley properties, as these properties were not
affected by site-related contamination. In May 2005, EPA deleted
these two properties from the site. This step helped facilitate the
successful redevelopment of the area. Today, the Berkeley Commons
and River Run subdivisions are located there.

The site also provides recreation and cultural opportunities, including the Blackstone River State Park and Bikeway.
The cleanup contributes to the rehabilitation of the Blackstone River and to the preservation of a designated national
heritage corridor. In 1986, the Blackstone River State Park became a key part of the larger Blackstone River Valley
National Heritage Corridor. The corridor is a 46-mile network of parks and natural areas stretching from Providence to
Worcester.

A second phase of cleanup is currently in the design stage, consistent with EPA's 2015 cleanup decision. The cleanup
is focused on three parcels along the Blackstone River, including a landfill, island, and a vacant abandoned lot. EPA
sponsored a reuse assessment for the site, collaborated with the towns of Cumberland and Lincoln, held community
workshop and municipal stakeholder discussions in 2016, and prepared a 2018 reuse assessment plan summarizing its
findings. The assessment highlights the potential to link the river and existing bikeway with recreation and park reuse
opportunities at the site's capped landfill areas. EPA continues to work with potentially responsible parties and municipal
stakeholders to finalize site cleanup plans and explore reuse opportunities.

RAYMARK INDUSTRIES, INC.

Latest Redevelopment Efforts Focus on Reuse of a
Former Ball Field

The Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund site includes over 500 acres
near the Housatonic River in Stratford, Connecticut. From 1919 to
1989, Raymark Industries, Inc. (Raymark) and its predecessors made
automotive brakes, clutch parts and other friction components on
a 34-acre area. The facility disposed of manufacturing wastes and
wastewater in lagoons on the facility property. Raymark also used
industrial waste as fill material to cover wetlands to expand the
factory and later gave the waste away as free fill, which was used
all over town at homes, schools, businesses and a nearby baiifield.

These practices contaminated site groundwater and soil. EPA added
the site to the NPL in 1995.

EPA considered future use during the development of cleanup
plans for the site. The area is centrally located with nearby access
to Interstate 95, attracting developers interested in commercial
redevelopment. EPA coordinated closely with a developer, their engineer and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to make sure
the remedy at the former facility would be compatible with commercial projects. Cleanup included decontamination and
demolition of buildings, capping of contaminated soil, and institutional controls.

Figure 32. Former factory spaces host apartments on part
of the site now deleted from the NPL.

Figure 33. Cleanup underway in 2020 at Raybestos Field at
the Raymark Industries, Inc. site (Connecticut).

EPA REGION 1

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After cleanup, a consortium of companies acquired the site property at a bankruptcy auction in January 2000. In 2002,
these companies began work on the Stratford Crossing Shopping Center. Construction finished in 2005. Today, the
shopping center is a bustling commercial area home to regional and national companies, including Walmart, Home
Depot, ShopRite, Subway and Webster Bank. More than 10,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. On-site businesses
employ over 1,100 people, contribute about $57 million in estimated annual employee income and generate over $273
million in estimated annual sales. In 2020, the total value of site properties exceeded $120 million, resulting in the
generation of nearly $2.4 million in local property taxes.

In 2015, the town announced reuse plans for Raybestos Field, a former ball field. Currently, waste from several
properties is being consolidated and capped in place. The cap's design will support reuse, including a building. The town
is working with developers and EPA on potential redevelopment plans for other parts of the site. In 2022, EPA committed
$33 million under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) to ensure cleanup at the site. The BIL will fund continued soil
excavation, disposal, and capping of ball fields in a faster and more efficient manner, and construct necessary storm
water management features.

SOLVENTS RECOVERY SERVICE OF
NEW ENGLAND

Establishing Rails-to-Trails Bike Path and

Parking for Recreational Use

The Solvents Recovery Service of New England (SRSNE) Superfund
site is in Southington, Connecticut. It includes a 4-acre former
operations area and a 42-acre plume of contaminated groundwater.
From 1955 to 1991, a hazardous waste treatment and storage
facility operated at the site. During operations, spills occurred
and operators stored process wastes in unlined lagoons. These
practices contaminated soil and groundwater. In 1979, the town of
Southington found contamination in two public water supply wells
downgradient of the site. The town closed these wells. EPA added the
site to the NPL in 1983.

In 1992, EPA removed 19 drums of contaminated materials from the
site to address immediate threats to human health. The site's long-
term cleanup includes groundwater containment and treatment,
consolidation and capping of contaminated soil and sediment,
treatment of contaminated soil in place, land use and groundwater
restrictions, and long-term monitoring. Thermal treatment removed
500,000 pounds of volatile organic compounds from the soil in the
former solvent recycling operations area. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service provided nearly $800,000 from natural resource damage
settlements at the site and the Old Southington Landfill Superfund
site for the removal of two dams and an exposed inactive water line
to expand the Upper Quinnipiac River recreational canoe trail.

The site's PRPs completed remedy construction in 2017. Long-term
groundwater monitoring and maintenance of the landfill cap are
ongoing. A 53-kilowatt solar array, installed on the capped area in
2017, generates energy needed to power the groundwater hydraulic
containment system. It will also be used to support future operation
and maintenance activities at the site.

Figure 34. Top: Access point to the Farmingtori Canal
Heritage Trail at the SRSNE site (Connecticut). Image used
with permission of De Maximis, Inc.

Bottom: Solar array above cap at the site.

EPA REGION 1

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Throughout the cleanup, EPA, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, and the site's PRPs
worked on ways to enhance the project and provide long-term community benefits. Nearly 6,000 people live within 1
mile of the site. Stakeholders looked for ways to support recreation opportunities in Southington and help expand the
local rails-to-trails corridor. Two miles of the trail in the center of Southington and another 2-mile stretch on the southern
side of town were already complete. The site's PRPs expanded the trail system across the on-site cap and built a trail
parking area. The parking area also provides overflow parking for the nearby Southington Police Station. In September
2017, EPA, the state, stakeholders and community members held a ribbon-cutting ceremony to celebrate the completion
of the new section of the nearly 80-mile Farmington Canal Heritage Trail that crosses the site.

SUTTON BROOK DISPOSAL AREA

Solar Project Provides Revenue and Energy

The 100-acre Sutton Brook Disposal Area Superfund site is in
eastern Tewksbury, Massachusetts, with a small part of the site
extending into the neighboring town of Wilmington. Sutton
Brook runs east to west across the former landfill, which was also
alternately known as Rocco's Landfill or Tewksbury Town Dump.

Waste disposal at the unlined landfill started in the 1950s. The
Tewksbury Board of Health ordered the closure of the landfill in
1979, though waste disposal is believed to have continued until
around 1988. The main sources of the contamination were two
landfill areas separated by Sutton Brook and an area where drums
were buried. EPA added the site to the NPL in 2001.

In 2000, prior to listing the site on the NPL, EPA excavated and
removed highly contaminated soil and drums. In 2007, EPA selected
a final cleanup plan, including removal of soil and sediment,
consolidation of this material in on-site landfills, landfill capping,
groundwater treatment, land and water use restrictions, and wetlands restoration. The site PRPs began construction of
the remedy in 2014 and completed it in 2016. Groundwater treatment is ongoing.

in 2018, the town of Tewksbury announced it had signed a letter of intent with Syncarpha Capital, a private equity firm
with prior experience redeveloping landfill sites for solar projects. Town leaders expressed enthusiasm that the project
would increase renewable energy use in the region and provide revenue for the town through a portion of the lease
payments. In 2020, MassDEP approved a permit for the solar project, determining that it would not disturb the cap and
other site maintenance or monitoring activities. In 2022, the company announced it had received permission to operate
the solar project.

The project consists of three, baliast-mounted solar arrays that have a capacity of 3.6 megawatts and will provide power
to the nearby city of Everett, Tufts University and National Grid, a private utility company that serves customers in
Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island. The projected green energy production of this solar project is equivalent
to avoiding more than 3,000 tons of carbon dioxide, or the greenhouse gas emissions of around 700 gas-powered
passenger vehicles driven for one year.

Cleanup has also allowed for the protection and restoration of wetland and stream habitat on site, which provides
myriad local benefits, including habitat for plants and animals. Effective cleanup and collaboration between EPA,
MassDEP, the town of Tewksbury and the developer have allowed for the beneficial reuse of the site and a step toward a
greener future for energy production in the region.

Figure 35. An aerial view of the 3.6-megawatt solar array on
the Sutton Brook Disposal Area site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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^DEVELOPMENT ON THE
HORIZON IN REGION 1

MOHAWK TANNERY
Mixed-Use Development to Spur Growth

The Mohawk Tannery Superfund site is in Nashua, New Hampshire.

From 1924 to 1984, a facility produced tanned hides for leather on site.

The tannery produced sludge and acidic residues that were put in two
iagoons and other areas on the site. Past waste disposal practices at
the site pose a risk to human health and the environment, including
the adjacent Nashua River.

EPA's cleanup to date has included removal and off-site disposal of
asbestos-containing material, drums and tanks from the former tannery
building. EPA demolished the former tannery building in 2012. Future
cleanup work at the site will include excavation of contaminated soil,
landfill material and asbestos containing material, and consolidation of
waste in a new containment cell where hazardous tannery wastes are
located, followed by site restoration.

In 2021, EPA reached an agreement with local developer Blaylock
Holdings regarding further cleanup and beneficial reuse of the site. EPA, the city of Nashua and Blaylock Holdings
will share the costs of cleanup, saving EPA an estimated $8 million. Blaylock Holdings, with assistance from another
development company, Thorndike Development and Construction, will lead all cleanup activities and be partially
reimbursed for its costs.

About 11,500 people live within 1 mile of the site. The city is in the process of rezoning the site area to support future
redevelopment opportunities. After cleanup, Blaylock Holdings and Thorndike Development and Construction plan to
redevelop the site as a mixed-use project with commercial and residential space, providing opportunities for economic
growth and much-needed housing in the area.

ELIZABETH MINE

Remembering the Past, Learning for the Future

The Elizabeth Mine Superfund site is in Strafford and Thetford, Vermont. Around 200 people live within 1 mile of the site.
From the early 1800s to 1958, copper mining took place at the site, leaving behind mine tailings and waste rock, which
generate acid mine drainage. The acid mine drainage and erosion of mine waste into streams contaminated sediment,
surface water and groundwater. EPA added the site to the NPL in 2001.

Figure 36. The Mowhawk Tannery site (New Hampshire)
will soon host a vibrant mixed-use development.

EPA REGION 1

-------
Cleanup included consolidation and capping of contaminated mine
wastes, construction of a water treatment system, stabilization
of the tailings dam and construction of surface water diversion
channels. During cleanup, EPA also restored 15 acres of wetlands
for ecological reuse. As a result of the cleanup, the state of Vermont
delisted 4 miles of the West Branch of the Ompompanoosuc River
and parts of Lord Brook from the Clean Water Act's impaired waters
list.

In 2017, a developer installed a 5-megawatt solar array on site. The
project supplies electricity to the Green Mountain Power grid and
produces enough energy to power about 1,200 homes. In 2021, EPA
completed cleanup and transferred remaining site responsibilities to
the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources. EPA also worked with the
Elizabeth Mine Historic Preservation Trust, Stafford Historical Society,

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, and Vermont
Division of Historic Preservation to develop and install interpretive
panels at the Site.

NEW BEDFORD

Bringing New Life to a Former

The 18,000-acre New Bedford Harbor Superfund site is in New
Bedford, Massachusetts. At two shoreline facilities located adjacent
to the site, companies made capacitors and other electronics
containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1940 to the late
1970s. Operations from these two facilities discharged industrial
wastes into the harbor, resulting in sediment contamination of the
estuary from the upper Acushnet River into Buzzards Bay. EPA added
the site to the NPL in 1983. Over 75,000 people live within 1 mile of
the site.

Ongoing cleanup activities include the removal and disposal of
contaminated shoreline soil, saltmarshes and mudflats at approved
off-site facilities, and replanting of impacted saitmarsh areas with
thousands of native grasses, shrubs and trees. To aid in cleanup,

EPA built a 5-acre shoreline sediment dewatering facility on the
waterfront. Subtidal dredging (below the low tide line) finished in
March 2020 at which time the dewatering facility was no longer
needed for cleanup.

in December 2020, after extensive decontamination, EPA transferred the former dewatering facility to the city of New
Bedford. Starting in April 2021, the city used the facility as a COVID-19 vaccination site for seafood industry workers
and community members. The facility vaccinated up to 800 to 1,000 people per day. In 2022, the city used the facility
to temporarily protect various Buttonwood Park Zoo waterfowl and endangered species from Highly Pathogenic Avian
Influenza H5N1.

The city ultimately plans to use the former dewatering facility as a heavy duty, multi-purpose port facility, possibly
including an off-shore wind energy project. With a 55,000-square-foot warehouse, berthing space for freighters and
commercial fishing vessels, and a rail spur that connects to the city's rail yard, it is an ideal port facility located on the
city's working waterfront.

Figure 37. This historical marker tells the story of the area's
rich mining history and Superfund cleanup at the Elizabeth
Mine site (Vermont).

Dewatering Facility

Figure 38. EPA's former dewatering facility for the New
Bedford site (Massachusetts) cleanup, now in use as a staging
area for construction of the port's North Terminal.

EPA REGION 1

-------
in 2022, EPA announced with MassDEP that the site had received $72 miiiion in Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL)
funding. These BIL funds will allow completion of all remaining remediation at this mega site by December 2025
including: four shoreline intertidal zones; offsite disposal of RCRA/TSCA dredged material stored at EPA's Sawyer Street
facility; capping of the pilot CDF (confined disposal facility) at Sawyer Street; and full demobilization and return of the
shoreline Sawyer Street facility to the City of New Bedford for redevelopment including its planned upper harbor River
Walk.

66 For decades, the PCB contamination of New Bedford Harbor has been an environmental blight on our
region and a barrier to investment in the Port of New Bedford. The acceleration of the cleanup will pave
the way for more maritime investment and jobs in the Port, and open up recreational opportunities for our
residents, especially in the Near North End. We are grateful for the Biden Administration's commitment to get
this project over the goal line, which will improve the City's quality of life for generations to come."
-Jon Mitchell, Mayor of New Bedford

WELLS G&H

Woburn Landing Spurs Local Economic Grow

The Wells G&H site is in Woburn, Massachusetts. For more
than a century, Woburn was home to many tanneries and
other heavy industries. In 1979, contamination was found in
two of Woburn's municipal drinking water wells. EPA added
the site to the NPL in 1983. Cleanup included treatment
of contaminated soil, excavation and disposal of debris
and contaminated soil, extraction and treatment of source
area groundwater, removal of contaminated sediment and
restoration. Cleanup is ongoing.

In 2000, EPA awarded the city a $55,000 grant to complete a
comprehensive land use plan for the site. Since the completion

of the plan in 2005, an array of successful reuse projects has

. , Figure 39. Commercial area at the W.R. Grace property at the

to owed. Site reuses inc ude Ho and Arena, an ice arena for „ _au .. ... , .. ,

' Wells G&H site (Massachusetts).

local hockey leagues, and several other commercial and retail

businesses. The Aberjona Nature Trail, which is a nature area, wetland and recreation resource, opened in 2017 along
the Aberjona River. Woburn Landing, a commercial and retail complex, was completed in 2019 and includes Homewood
Suites and Hampton Inn hotels and three restaurants, including 110 Grill and Chick-Fil-A. Most recently, the owner of
the UniFirst property built a rooftop solar array on top of their commercial building. At full capacity, the rooftop array
generates 310 kilowatts of energy.

The cleanup and redevelopment of the 330-acre site serves as a model of cooperation among EPA, state officials,
responsible parties and the community. Nearly 13,000 people live within one miie of the site. The site now supports
nearly 400 businesses that generate over $575 million in annua! sales and employ over 3,000 people earning nearly $295
million in annual wages. Site property parcels have a total value of over $238 million, according to the most recent data,
generating more than $4.8 million in annual property taxes.

EPA REGION 1

-------
The redevelopment of Superfund sites takes time and is often a learning process for project partners. Ongoing
coordination among EPA, tribes, state agencies, local governments, communities, PRPs, site owners, developers, and
nearby residents and business owners is essential. EPA tools, including reuse assessments and plans, comfort letters and
partial deletions of sites from the NPL, often serve as the foundation for moving forward. At some sites, parties may need
to take additional actions to ensure reuses are compatible with site remedies.

Across Region 1, Superfund sites are now home to
major commercial and industrial facilities, midsize
developments and small businesses providing services to
surrounding communities. EPA is committed to working
with all stakeholders to support the restoration and
renewal of these sites as long-term assets.

EPA Superfund Site Redevelopment
Resources

EPA Region 1 Superfund Redevelopment Program
Coordinator

Joe LeMay | (617) 918-13231 lemav.ioe(5)epa.gov

Superfund Sites in Reuse: Find more information about
Superfund sites in reuse www.epa.gov/superfund-
redevelopment/find-superfund-sites-reuse

Superfund Redevelopment Program Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse
www.epa.gov/superfund-redeveiopment

EPA Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website: tools that address landowner liability concerns
www.epa.gov/enforcement/landowner-liabilitv-protections

32

EPA REGION 1

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This page is intentionally blank.

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STATE REDEVELOPMENT
PROFILES

Map image is the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein under license. Copyright © 2022 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Sources: Esri.

-------
CONNECTICUT
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and
cleanup of Superfund sites in Connecticut. Connecticut has 16 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for
sites in reuse or continued use in Connecticut.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 68 businesses and organizations operating at 10 sites in reuse or continued use in
Connecticut.

Table 3. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Connecticut (2021)

Sites°

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesb

Total Annual
Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$6 million

$2 million

In Continued Use

$43 million

184

$12 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$336 million

1,436

$72 million

Totals

$385 million

1,638

$86 million

aOne site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every business.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Connecticut. These sites span
126 property parcels and 924 acres.

Table 4. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Connecticut

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(8 sites)

$63 million

$172 million

$235 million

$5 million

3 The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2021
for all data collected.

Did You Know?

Figure 41. Aerial view of the Linemaster Switch Corp. site (Connecticut).
Map image is the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein under
license. Copyright © 2022 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Sources: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographies, CNES/Airbus DS,
USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN and the GIS user community.

EPA REGION 1

Since 1952, an electrical and pneumatic footswitch
and wiring harness manufacturer has operated at the
Linemaster Switch Corp. Superfund site in Woodstock,
Connecticut. Past disposal practices at the facility resulted
in soil, sediment and groundwater contamination. Cleanup
and ongoing groundwater treatment facilitated the
continued use of the manufacturing facility and an inn on
site. Site businesses employ 175 people. They provide $12
million in estimated annual employee income and generate
over $42 million in estimated annual sales.

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MAINE

REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Maine. Maine has 10 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place since
before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or continued
use in Maine.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for five businesses and organizations operating at three sites in reuse or continued use
in Maine.

Table 5. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Maine (2021)

Sites'3

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesb

Total Annual
Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$28 million

147

$4 million

In Continued Use

In Reuse and

in Continued Use

¦D

Totals

$28 million

147

$4 million

3Three sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every business.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for four Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Maine. These sites span 20
property parcels and 169 acres.

Table 6. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Maine0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(4 sites)

$517,000

$2 million

$32,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2019 to 2021
for all data collected.

b Total land value and total improvement value do not sum to total property value presented due to rounding.

Did You Know?

Improper disposal practices at the Eastland Woolen Mill
Superfund site in Corinna, Maine, resulted in soil, sediment
and groundwater contamination. EPA coordinated closely with
the community to support returning this well-located area to
productive use. Today, the site is home to community recreation
spaces, the Corinna War Memorial, a community bandstand, a
senior living community, and the historic Odd Fellows Building,
which hosts a country store and restaurant. Several other site
properties are available for reuse.

Figure 42. Corundel Commons senior housing was one of the first
reuses at the Eastland Woolen Mill site (Maine).

EPA REGION 1

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MASSACHUSETTS
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with MassDEP to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites in Massachusetts. Massachusetts
has 36 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining remained in place since before cleanup. The
sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or continued use in Massachusetts.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 526 businesses and organizations operating at 13 sites in reuse or continued use in
Massachusetts.

Table 7. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Massachusetts (2021)

Sites"

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesb

Total Annual

Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$63 million

$2 million

In Continued Use

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

522

$1.2 billion

7,270

$696 million

Totals

526

$1.2 billion

7,304

$698 million

3 Eleven sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every business.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for 16 Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Massachusetts. These sites
span 496 property parcels and 4,214 acres.

Table 8. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Massachusetts°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(16 sites)

$287 million

$512 million

$799 million

$16 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2022
for all data collected.

Figure 43. Aerial view of the Cannon Engineering Corp. (CEC) site
(Massachusetts). Map image is the intellectual property of Esri arid is
used herein under license. Copyright © 2022 Esri and its licensors. All
rights reserved. Sources: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographies,
CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN and the GIS user
community.

EPA REGION 1

Did You Know?

Mishandling of waste and reported violations led to soil
and groundwater contamination at the Cannon Engineering
Corp. (CEC) Superfund site in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
Cleanup included removal of contaminated soil, buildings
and structures, wetlands restoration and institutional
controls. A cellular communications tower has been on site
since 1998. Today, an appliance manufacturer and retail
facility operate on site. They generate nearly $63 million in
estimated annual sales and almost $740,000 in estimated
annual employee income.

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NEW HAMPSHIRE
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services to oversee the investigation and cleanup
of Superfund sites in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has 11 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for
sites in reuse or continued use in New Hampshire,

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 13 businesses and organizations operating at four sites in reuse or continued use in
New Hampshire.

Table 9. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Hampshire (2021)

Sites°

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses"

Total Annual
Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

In Continued Use

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$167 million

586

$33 million

Totals

$167 million

586

$33 million

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for seven Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in New Hampshire. These sites
span 348 property parcels and 713 acres.

Table 10. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Hampshire°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(7 sites)

(6 sites)

$11 million

$97 million

$108 million

$2 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2022
for all data collected.

Did You Know?

In 1978 and 1979, discharges from washing out septic tank
trucks contaminated groundwater and surface water at
theTinkham Garage Superfund site in Londonderry, New
Hampshire. Cleanup included groundwater and soil treatment,
connection of a condominium complex to the municipal water
supply, new sewer line installation and monitoring. Today,
several residential properties, including a 125-unit senior
housing development, and a shopping complex remain on site.
Site businesses employ nearly 250 people. They provide over
$8 million in estimated annual employee income and over $92
million in estimated annual sales,

EPA REGION 1

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RHODE ISLAND
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management to oversee the investigation and cleanup
of Superfund sites in Rhode Island. Rhode Island has 10 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining
in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse
or continued use in Rhode Island.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 55 businesses and organizations operating at six sites in reuse or continued use in
Rhode Island.

Table 11. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Rhode Island (2021)

Sites°

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesb

Total Annual
Salesc

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$8 million

$4 million

In Continued Use

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$86 million

750

$37 million

Totals

$94 million

822

$41 million

a Two sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
c Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every business.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for four Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Rhode Island. These sites span
66 property parcels and 903 acres.

Table 12. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Rhode Island0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(4 sites)

$135 million

$24 million

$159 million

$3 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2018 to 2021
for all data collected.

Did You Know?

Improper waste disposal caused soil and groundwater
contamination at the Western Sand & Gravel Superfund site
in Burrillville and North Smithfield, Rhode Island. Cleanup
included groundwater treatment and provision of an alternate
water supply, waste removal, cap installation and institutional
controls. Monitoring is ongoing. Today, a truck body assembly
plant operates on site, it generates over $2 million in estimated
annual employee income and about $7.5 million in estimated
annual sales.

Figure 45. View of the truck body assembly plant operating at the
Western Sand & Gravel site (Rhode Island).

EPA REGION 1

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VERMONT
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Vermont. Vermont has six Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place
since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or
continued use in Vermont.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for six businesses and organizations operating at five sites in reuse or continued use in
Vermont.

Table 13. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Vermont (2021)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesa

Total Annual

Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

in Continued Use

$647,000

$965,000

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$19 million

117

$11 million

Totals

$20 million

127

$12 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every business.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Vermont. These sites span
13 property parcels and 103 acres.

Table 14. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Vermont."

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(3 sites)

$3 million

$15 million

$18 million

$319,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2022
for all data collected.

Did You Know?

Beginning in 1956, various owners made electrical components
on part of the Tansitor Electronics, Inc. Superfund site in
Bennington, Vermont. Past disposal practices at the site
contaminated soil, sediment, groundwater and surface water.
Cleanup included management of groundwater migration and
monitoring. An electronic components manufacturer operates
on site, generating $15 million in estimated annual sales.

Figure 46. An electronic components manufacturer operates on
Tansitor Electronics, Inc. site (Vermont).

EPA REGION 1

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SOURCES

REUSE INFORMATION
SOURCES

Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this profile are based on available EPA resources, including
Superfund Redevelopment Program case studies as well as other resources. Links to EPA's Superfund Redevelopment
Program case studies and other resources are included below.

EPA Resources

Blackburn & Union Privileges. 2019. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/
HQ/100002370.

Callahan Mine. 2021. EPA Announces Plans to Use Funding from Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to Clear Out the
Superfund Backlog at Maine Superfund Site, www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-plans-use-funding-bipartisan-
infrastructure-law-clear-out-superfund-O.

Callahan Mine. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/callahan.

Callahan Mine. 2009. Reuse Assessment, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/75001079.

Callahan Mine. 2021. Second Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100016781.

Cannon Engineering Corp. (CEC). EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/cannon.

Cannon Engineering Corp. (CEC). 2020. Sixth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100015023.

Conway Park. 2020. EPA Will Coordinate with City of Somerville to Remove Contamination at Conway Park, www.epa.
gov/newsreleases/epa-will-coordinate-citv-somerville-remove-contamination-conwav-park.

Conway Park. 2021. Fact Sheet, www.somervillema.gov/sites/default/files/final-factsheet-conwav-park-english-
translation.pdf.

Eastland Woolen Mill. EPA Site Profile, www.epa.gov/superfund/eastland.

Eastland Woolen Mill. 2019. Site Redevelopment Profile. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100001973.

EJScreen - EPA's Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (Version 2.0). eiscreen.epa.gov/mapper.

Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage. 2020 (2019 Data). Redevelopment in Action - Regional Economic Profile, semspub.
epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100002639.

Industri-Plex. 2014. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/75001172.

Iron Horse Park. 2017. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study. semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/196739.

EPA REGION 1

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Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp. 2018. Fifth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100010202.
Linemaster Switch Corp. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/linemaster.

Linemaster Switch Corp. 2019. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100012360.
Mohawk Tannery. 2019. Action Memo, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100012427.

Mohawk Tannery. 2021. EPA Announces Major Agreement with Developer to Remediate Superfund Site in Nashua, New
Hampshire, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/652632.

Peterson/Puritan, Inc. 2014. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/75001173.

Pine Street Canal. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/pinestreet.

Pine Street Canal. 2021. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100019664.

Raymark Industries, Inc. 2016. Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/595357.

Scovill Industrial Landfill. 2021. EPA Announces Plans to Use Funding from Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to Clear Out
the Superfund Backlog at Connecticut Superfund Site, www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-plans-use-funding-
bipartisan-infrastructure-law-clear-out-superfund.

Solvents Recovery Service of New England. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/srs.

Solvents Recovery Service of New England. 2017. EPA Announces Superfund Cleanup Completion and Rail Trail Opening
in Southington, Conn, archive.epa.gov/epa/newsreleases/epa-announces-superfund-cleanup-completion-and-rail-trail-
opening-southington-conn.html.

Solvents Recovery Service of New England. 2017. Site Redevelopment Profile, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/
HQ/100001310.

Solvents Recovery Service of New England. 2020. Third Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/01/100015302.

South Municipal Water Supply Well. 2013. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/547930.

Sullivan's Ledge. 2014. EPA Administrator Celebrates Clean Energy at New Bedford Superfund Site, semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/01/565668.

Sullivan's Ledge. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/sullivansledge.

Sullivan's Ledge. 2018. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100010293.

Tinkham Garage. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/tinkham.

Tinkham Garage. 2019. Fifth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100012331.

Wells G&H. 2020 (2019 Data). Redevelopment in Action - Regional Economic Profile, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/
HQ/100002639.

West Kingston Town Dump/URI Disposal Area. 2020 (2019 Data). Redevelopment in Action - Regional Economic Profile.
semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100002639.

West Kingston Town Dump/URI Disposal Area. 2020. Third Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/01/647953.

Western Sand & Gravel. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/wsg.

EPA REGION 1

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Tansitor Electronics, Inc. EPA Site Profile, https://www.epa.gov/superfund/tansitor.

Tansitor Electronics, Inc. 2019. Fourth Five-Year Review Report, semspub.epa.gov/src/document/01/100012234.

Other Resources

Blackburn & Union Privileges. 2017 (Updated May 12, 2017). New Walpole police station break ground, www.
wickedlocal.com/storv/times-advocate/2017/05/12/new-police-station-breaks-ground/210557420Q7.

Callahan Mine. 2021. Cleanup of contaminated Brooksville mine will get funding boost from infrastructure bill.

bangordailvnews.com/2021/12/31/news/hancock/cleanup-of-contaminated-brooksville-mine-will-get-funding-boost-

from-infrastructure-bill-ioam40zk0w.

Callahan Mine. 2022. Contaminated mine in Brooksville will get funds from infrastructure bill for cleanup, www.

newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/contaminated-mine-in-brooksville-maine-will-get-funds-from-president-

bidens-infrastructure-bill-for-cleanup/97-49f04bbe-8246-4979-95c3-5a9d3ecb63bf.

Conway Park. 2019. City of Somerville Public Involvement Plan, www.somervillema.gov/sites/default/files/conwav-park-
pjp-final.pdf.

Conway Park. 2021. Conway Park Athletic Field Ribbon Cutting, www.somervillema.gov/events/2021/12/09/conwav-
park-athletic-field-ribbon-cutting.

Elizabeth Mine. 2021. Cleanup nearly done at Elizabeth Mine as EPA prepares handoff of Strafford Superfund site. www.
vnews.com/Superfund-work-at-Strafford-mine-ends-43276185.

Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage. 2019. Keyes stage being built with quarry stone, www.cabinet.com/news/cabinet-
news/2019/05/23/keves-stage-being-built-with-quarrv-stone.

Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage. 2020. Town of Milford Voters Guide, www.miIford.nh.gov/sites/g/files/vvhIif4701/f/
uploads/2020 full voters guide town of milford.pdf.

New Bedford. 2021. New Bedford to open waterfront vaccination center next week with focus on seafood industry
workers, www.southcoasttodav.com/storv/news/coronavirus/2021/03/31/new-bedford-open-waterfront-vaccine-center-
next-week/4808970001.

Parsons Paper Mill. 2020. Aegis Energy Completes Expansion at Former Parsons Paper Site, holvokehasenergy.com/
aegis-energy-proiect.

Parsons Paper Mill. 2016. Holyoke's Aegis Energy Services makes engines that produce energy kept on site, begins $7
million expansion, www.masslive.com/news/2016/03/holvokes aegis energy services l.html.

Parsons Paper Mill. Holyoke Redevelopment Authority, holvokeredevelopment.com/parsons-paper.

Pine Street Canal. 2019. Contaminated Burlington Land Near the Barge Canal Hits the Market for $2 Million, www.

sevendavsvt.com/vermont/contaminated-burlington-land-near-the-barge-canal-hits-the-market-for-2-million/

Content?oid=28750847.

Pine Street Canal. 2022. Some Burlingtonians concerned about potential Pine Street development, www.wcax.
com/2022/02/ll/some-burlingtonians-concerned-about-potential-development-pine-street.

Population and other demographic estimates used in this report were created using a combination of the most
recently available American Community Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2015-2019) and EJScreen - EPA's
Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (Version 2.0). eiscreen.epa.gov/mapper.

EPA REGION 1

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Raymark Industries, Inc. 2016. Self-Storage Facility Planned for Raymark Site in Stratford, patch.com/connecticut/
stratford/amp/26314775/self-storage-facilitv-planned-for-ravmark-site-in-stratford.

Sullivan's Ledge. NatureServe Explorer. explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT GLOBAL.2.115291/Crangonvx
aberrans.

Photos

Image of Elizabeth Mine solar facility used with permission of Weston and Sampson, Conti Solar and Elizabeth Mine
Solar I, LLC.

Image of Gallup's Quarry Greenleaf biomass facility used with permission of Greenleaf Power, LLC.

Image of Higganum Cove used with permission of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

Image of Pine Street Canal planned future use rendering used with permission of Silt Botanica.

Image of Rose Hill Regional Landfill used with permission of Kearsarge Energy.

Image of Solvents Recovery Service of New England recreational trail used with permission of De Maximis Inc.

Image of South Weymouth Naval Air Station used with permission of LSTAR Ventures.

Image of West Kingston Town Dump/URI Disposal Area used with permission of Kearsarge Energy.

44

EPA REGION 1

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BUSINESS, JOBS, SALES AND
INCOME INFORMATION

Information on the number of employees and sales volume for on-site businesses comes from the Hoovers/Dun &
Bradstreet (D&B) (www.dnb.com) database. EPA also gathers information on businesses and corporations from D&B.
D&B maintains a database of over 330 million businesses worldwide.

When Hoovers/D&B research was unable to identify employment and sales volume for on-site businesses, EPA used
the Reference Solutions database (www.thereferencegroup.com). In cases where Reference Solutions did not include
employment and sales volume for on-site businesses, EPA used the Manta database (www.manta.com). The databases
include data reported by businesses. Accordingly, some reported values might be underestimates or overestimates. In
some instances, business and employment information came from local newspaper articles and discussions with local
officials and business representatives. While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can
sometimes be lower than estimated income. This can be attributed to a number of business conditions and/or data
reporting.

EPA obtained wage and income information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Part of the U.S. Department
of Labor, the BLS is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring labor market activity, working conditions and
price changes in the economy. All BLS data meet high standards of accuracy, statistical quality and impartiality.

EPA used the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database to obtain average weekly wage data for site
businesses. Average weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) codes for each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses in site counties. If weekly
wage data were not available at the county level, EPA sought wage data by state or national level, respectively. In cases
where wage data were not available for the six-digit NAICS code, EPA used higher-level (less-detailed) NAICS codes to
obtain the wage data.

To estimate the annual income earned from jobs at site businesses, EPA multiplied the average weekly wage figure by the
number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of jobs (employees) for each business.

Business and employment data used for this profile were collected in 2021. Estimated annual employment income was
calculated using 2021 jobs data and BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2020 (the latest available wage
data at the time of this profile). Federal facility sites are included in calculations of total sites in reuse or continued use
only. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other calculations (i.e., number of sites with businesses, number of
businesses, total jobs, total income and total annual sales). All sales and income figures presented have been rounded for
the convenience of the reader. Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not sum exactly to the
totals presented due to rounding.

PROPERTY VALUE AND TAX
INFORMATION

EPA collected on-site property values and property taxes included in this profile for a subset of Superfund sites by
comparing available site boundary information with available parcel boundary information and gathering information
for selected parcels from county assessor datasets. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property
value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which typically varied from 2018 to 2022 where date
information was provided. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented
due to rounding.

EPA REGION 1

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REUSE SUMMARY PROFILES

EPA REGION 1

47

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CONNECTICUT REUSE
SUMMARY PROFILES

National Priorities List Sites

Barkhamsted-New Hartford Landfill

The 97.8 acre Barkhamsted-New Hartford Landfill Superfund
site is located in the towns of Barkhamsted and New
Harford, Connecticut. Between 1974 and 1993, the land was
used for municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and non-
processable waste disposal via landfilling. Initial groundwater
contamination was identified in 1981 and subsequent
investigations further identified the nature and extent of the Figure 47. The Barkhamsted-New Hartford Landfill site

contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities (Connecticut),

List (NPL) in 1989. Remedy construction began in 1999 and

consisted of: a landfill cap; a runoff & leachate collection and treatment system; a gas collection system; a fence around
the cap and all of its appurtenances; long-term groundwater, surface water, and sediment monitoring; institutional
controls to prevent contact with contaminated groundwater and damage to the cap; and performance of Five-Year
Reviews.

Of the 97.8 acres, approximately 13 acres consist of the capped landfill and appurtenances; a second part of the site is
currently used as a transfer station and recycling center for the Regional Refuse Disposal District No. 1 (RRDD1); and a
third part of the Site is used as an active solar farm that generates 1.5 megawatts of electricity and helps offset recycling
transfer operating costs.

Cheshire Ground Water Contamination

The Durham Meadows Superfund site is located in Durham, Connecticut. Merriam Manufacturing Company and Durham
Manufacturing Company made metal cabinets, boxes and other items on site from 1851 until 1998. Improper storage
and disposal practices contaminated site soil and groundwater. In 1982, the Connecticut Department of Energy &
Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) found contamination in nearby private drinking water wells. Merriam Manufacturing
Company and Durham Manufacturing Company installed filters on affected residential wells.

Figure 48. The Carten Controls facility at the Cheshire Ground
Water Contamination site (Connecticut). Imagery ©2022 Google,
Imagery ©2022 Maxar Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey,
USDA/FPAC/GEO, Map data ©2022.

The 15-acre Cheshire Ground Water Contamination
Superfund site is located in Cheshire, Connecticut. From
1966 to 1980, two companies made plastic molding on
site. Operations contaminated soil and groundwater with
chemicals and solvents. In 1990, EPA placed the site on the
National Priorities List (NPL). Cheshire Associates, under
state and EPA orders, cleaned up the site by removing
some contaminated soil. EPA extended the public water
supply to residents with drinking water wells affected by
site contamination. Carten Controls relocated to the site in
1996. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 1997.
Carten Controls continues to operate its semiconductor parts
manufacturing facility on site.

Durham Meadows

EPA REGION 1

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EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1989. Cleanup activities include providing an alternate water
supply for affected residents, removing soil, and monitoring
and containing groundwater contamination. Cleanup also
includes placing restrictions on land and groundwater use
and investigating areas with possible indoor air risks. Cleanup
of the Merriam Manufacturing Company area of the site
is now complete. The town of Durham put an area-wide
groundwater use restriction ordinance in place in 2015.

Plans for the alternative water supply and cleanup of the
Durham Manufacturing property are complete; construction
began in 2019 and is expected to be completed in 2023. CT
DEEP and EPA are working with the responsible parties and
local officials to put final land and groundwater use controls
in place. The Durham Manufacturing Company continues

to make metal boxes on site. Commercial and public service reuses are also present on site. The site is also home to a
volunteer ambulance corps, the District Board of Education, churches and many businesses.

Figure 49. Construction of an alternative vsater supply to
affected properties is underway at the Durham Meadows site
(Connecticut),

Gallup's Quarry

The Gallup's Quarry Superfund site is a 29-acre abandoned

gravel pit in Plainfield, Connecticut. During the 1970s, the site

owner accepted chemical wastes without a permit. Disposal

activities led to site soil and groundwater contamination.

After the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental

Protection removed waste drums and contaminated soil, EPA

placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989.

EPA's cleanup plan includes monitoring of natural processes

to clean up groundwater and land use restrictions. Long-term

.... . . . . Figure 50. The Greenleaf biomass facility at the Gallup's Quarry

soil, sediment and groundwater monitoring are ongoing. ste (Connecticut). Image used with permission of Greenleaf

Power LLC.

Today, the Plainfield Renewable Energy biomass facility
is located on site. The facility became fully operational in

2014. The 37.5-megawatt power plant uses waste wood to generate enough electricity to power the equivalent of
about 40,000 homes in Plainfield. Connecticut Light & Power purchases 80% of the generated energy under a 15-year
agreement with the facility owner, while the remaining energy contributes to the regional renewable energy certificate
market. Greenleaf Power bought the plant in 2015 and is now in charge of plant operations.

Kellogg-Deering Well Field

The Kellogg-Deering Well Field Superfund site is located in
Norwalk, Connecticut. The site consists of a 10-acre municipal
well field and the adjacent upland area that has contributed
to well field contamination. The city of Norwalk has operated
up to five municipal water supply wells on the well field
portion of the site. During routine sampling in 1975, the city
found elevated levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) at the well
field. Afterwards, the city shut down wells with unacceptable
levels of TCE. Inspections by the Connecticut Department of
Energy & Environmental Protection between 1975 and 1980
found several hazardous chemicals in site groundwater and
soils.

Figure 51. Commercial space and groundwater treatment building
at the Kellogg-Deering Well Field site (Connecticut).

EPA REGION 1

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EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1984. Cleanup included installing a wellhead
treatment facility to allow continued use of the well field, soil vapor treatment, groundwater extraction and treatment,
and institutional controls. Routine maintenance and monitoring activities are ongoing. A supplemental investigation
identified the primary source of contamination was located about a half-mile east of the well field along Main Avenue.
Cleanup of source-area soils and groundwater began in 1996and soils met cleanup goals in 2006. Groundwater
remediation in the source area is ongoing. The First District Water Department currently operates the well field and
provides water to more than 40,000 residents in Norwalk and small areas of surrounding communities each day.
Commercial and residential uses remain onsite. Commercial uses include office space, a shopping plaza, a car wash and
automotive repair facilities.

Linemaster Switch Corp.

The 45-acre Linemaster Switch Corporation Superfund site is
located in Woodstock, Connecticut. Electrical and pneumatic
foot switches and wiring harness manufacturing has occurred
on site since 1952. Site operations use chemicals, paint and
thinners. Past operation practices resulted in groundwater,
sediment, surface water and soil contamination.

The 28-acre Nutmeg Valley Road Superfund site is
located in Wolcott, Connecticut. Beginning in the 1940s,
metalworking and finishing shops operated on site. Two
of these shops disposed of chemicals in site soils. These
improper disposal practices contaminated private drinking
water wells near the site. In 1989, EPA placed the site on
the National Priorities List (NPL). In 1992, an emergency
cleanup action addressed surface soil contamination and a
potential source of groundwater contamination. After the
cleanup action, groundwater studies found contaminant
levels were naturally decreasing. The studies also found no
evidence of widespread groundwater contamination. EPA
took the site off the NPL in 2005.

Figure 53. Aerial view of the Nutmeg Valley Road site (Connecticut).
Map image is the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein
under license. Copyright © 2022 Esri and its licensors. All rights
reserved. Sources: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographies, CNES/
Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN and the GIS user community.

Industrial, commercial and some residential uses are
ongoing at the site. To further revitalize the area, the
town of Wolcott made infrastructure improvements to
area roads and offered visual enhancement incentives such as debris pickup and free paint for property owners. Local
officials point to site improvements and the site's removal from the NPL as factors that led to the construction of a

Figure 52. Aerial view of the Linemaster Switch Corp. site
(Connecticut). Map image is the intellectual property of Esri
and is used herein under license. Copyright © 2022 Esri and its
licensors. All rights reserved. Sources: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar
Geographies, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN and the
GIS user community.

In 1990, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List
(NPL). Cleanup activities include soil and groundwater
treatment. The groundwater treatment system remains
in operation. Today, the Linemaster Switch Corporation
continues to manufacture electrical power switches, air
valves, electrical cord sets and metal name plates on site.
Several residences, a banquet facility, a restaurant and an
inn are also located on site.

Nutmeg Valley Road

EPA REGION 1

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$2 miiiion state-of-the-art greenhouse next to the site.

The town of Wolcott expects these factors to encourage
more commercial and industrial development at the site.

Recently, a new commercial building for Ultimate Services
Professional Grounds Management was constructed at the
site.

Old Southington Landfill

The 13-acre Old Southington Landfill Superfund site
is located in Southington, Connecticut. The municipal
landfill operated from the eariy 1920s until 1967. Closure
activities included compacting loose waste, covering the
landfill with clean soil, and reseeding the area with grass.

Between 1973 and 1980, the town subdivided and sold the landfill property for residential and commercial development.
Construction of several homes and commercial businesses took place at the site and nearby areas. In 1979, the
Connecticut Department of Public Health found elevated levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) at Municipal Well #5
located 700 feet northwest of the landfill. This led to permanently closing the well and conducting further investigations
revealing groundwater, soil, sediment, and surface water contamination at the landfill.

EPA added the Site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included permanent relocation of on-
site homes and businesses, landfill capping, passive soil gas collection system, disposal of semi-solid sludge materials
in a lined cell beneath the cap, groundwater long-term monitoring, and land use restrictions. Land use restrictions
were placed at the landfill to prevent damage to the cap and at two downgradient properties keep vapors from landfill
contaminated groundwater from migrating through cracks into the buildings.

The northern part of the landfill was developed into a passive recreational park where people can walk their dogs,
watch wildlife and canoe in the adjacent Black Pond. The southern part of the landfill is fenced with no public access. All
remedial activities have been completed. EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 2018. Long-term groundwater monitoring
and Five-Year Reviews continue to take place to ensure the remedy remains effective and protective of human health and
the environment.

As part of the cleanup settlement, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service restores ecological habitat, including waterways
and natural resource areas affected by the site. Trail
maintenance work along the Quinnipiac River will allow for
more recreational use.

Precision Plating Corp.

The Precision Plating Corporation Superfund site is
located in Vernon, Connecticut. Since 1969, the Precision
Plating Corporation has conducted chromium plating
operations. The facility is one of several tenants in the
3-acre Hillside Industrial Park, a small industrial complex.

In 1979, Vernon's Health Department found chromium
contamination in the groundwater well serving the Hillside
Industrial Park. The well was removed from service and
past releases are understood to be primarily associated with improper waste storage and disposal practices and damage
to waste storage containers. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989.

Initial cleanup activities included connecting the Hillside Industrial Park and nearby residences to a public water supply,
removing contaminated soil and operation and monitoring of a groundwater treatment system. The Connecticut
Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) was initially designated the lead agency and oversaw
investigation and cleanup activities with EPA's support.

Figure 54. The northern portion of the capped Old Southington
Landfill site, used by the community for passive recreation
(Connecticut).

Figure 55. Aerial view of the Hillsdale Industrial Park operating at the
Precision Plating Corp. site (Connecticut). Sources: Imagery ©2022
Google, Imagery ©2022 Maxar Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey,
USDA/FPAC/GEO, Map data ©2022.

EPA REGION 1

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EPA became the iead agency in 2011. EPA is currently working with the support of CT DEEP to complete a Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) to support a final cleanup decision.

Precision plating continues to operate at a limited capacity. Other light industrial facilities, including a specialized
machine shop, also operate at the Hillside Industrial Park.

Raymark Industries, Inc.

The Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund site includes
over 500 acres near the Housatonic River in Stratford,

Connecticut. From 1919 until 1989, Raymark Industries
made various automotive parts on a 34-acre area at the site.

Disposal of manufacturing wastes took place at the former
manufacturing site, on dozens of residential, commercial
and municipal properties across town, and in the wetlands
next to the Housatonic River. Contaminated groundwater
beneath the former facility impacted nearby commercial and
residential areas due to the intrusion of vapors into overlying
homes and buildings.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1995. Cleanup activities included removing contaminated soil and waste from several residential properties, capping the
former manufacturing property, installing vapor mitigation systems in more than 100 homes, and temporarily covering
and restricting access to other properties. People near the site do not currently use groundwater for drinking purposes.

EPA considered reuse in the construction of the cap over the former 34-acre manufacturing property. The cap allowed
for redevelopment of the property while ensuring the remedy remained protective. EPA awarded the site a Superfund
Redevelopment Program pilot grant in 2001, The Stratford Crossing Shopping Center, completed in 2003, currently
occupies the site. The shopping center provides a mixed green and commercial space. The community enjoys access to
several popular businesses, including Walmart, Home Depot, ShopRite Supermarket and Webster Bank. Investigation
and cleanup activities continue on the other contaminated properties around town. In 2015, iocal and federal partners,
including EPA, completed a removal action at Sikorsky Memorial Airport. The cleanup realigned Main Street to facilitate
the extension of an airport runway safety zone. In 2015, EPA and the town jointly announced a reuse plan for a former
ball field. Waste from several commercial and wetland properties is being consolidated with existing waste at the former
ball field and capped. This plan was documented in a Record of Decision issued by EPA in 2016. The cap is being designed
by EPA to support a commercial or municipal building based on the town's needs. Active cleanup of the additional
contaminated properties began in September 2020. Commercial properties will be restored to existing use including an
office building, dry cleaner, karate studio, liquor store, boat yard and a pair of car dealerships. Open spaces, wetlands
and public parks will be restored to their natural state.

Scovill Industrial Landfill

The 25-acre Scovill Industrial Landfill Superfund site is
located in Waterbury, Connecticut. From 1919 until the
mid-1970s, the Scovill Manufacturing Company used the
area as a landfill. By the mid-1990s, developers had built
condominiums, apartment buildings, small commercial
buildings, and a shopping mall on the 18-acre southern
portion of the site. The northern portion of the site is an
undeveloped 6.8-acre parcel known as the Caiabrese parcel.

In 1988, residential development that was underway at
the Caiabrese parcel uncovered industrial wastes. The

Figure 57. The undeveloped parcel at the Scovill Industrial Landfill

site (Connecticut).

Figure 56. Shopping center at the Raymark Industries, Inc. site
(Connecticut).

EPA REGION 1

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Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) subsequently issued a stop-work order and
removed 2,300 tons of PCB-contaminated soil along with 18 capacitors from the Calabrese parcel. CT DEEP then placed a
temporary soil cap over the area and fenced it.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2000. Studies followed to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site as well as potential risks to human health and the environment. A Record of Decision (ROD)
was signed on September 30, 2013 followed by an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) signed on September 21,
2016, that further refined the remedy.

The remedy consists of excavation of contaminated soils and consolidation of contaminated soil under a two-foot thick,
1.4-acre soil cap on the Calabrese property. Excavated soils that exceed the State of Connecticut Pollutant Mobility
Criteria will be excavated down to the water table and disposed off site at an approved licensed facility. The excavated
areas will be backfilled with clean fill and restored to their original state (i.e., pavement or vegetation). An active vapor
collection system was installed under one of the commercial buildings by the property owner to prevent potential
future risk to those residents. Wetland areas impacted by cap construction at the Calabrese property will be restored
and replicated as appropriate. Institutional controls will also be implemented throughout the site to prevent contact
with contaminated soils and damage to the cap. This cleanup project has been approved for funding via the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law legislation, and EPA is working towards selecting a cleanup contractor.

Solvents Recovery Service of New England

The Solvents Recovery Service of New England Superfund site is
located in Southington, Connecticut. The site includes a 4-acre
former operations area and a 42-acre groundwater contamination
plume. From 1955 until 1991, a hazardous waste treatment and
storage facility operated at the site. During operations, spills
occurred and operators stored process wastes in unlined lagoons.

These practices resulted in soil and groundwater contamination.

In 1979, the town of Southington discovered contamination in two
public water supply wells downgradient of the site. The town closed
these wells.

Figure 58. Trail arid signage at the Solvents Recovery
Service of New England site (Connecticut). Image used with
permission of De Maximis, Inc.

PA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. EPA
conducted short-term cleanup activities to remove 19 drums of
contaminated materials. Cleanup activities also include treating
groundwater, consolidating and capping contaminated soil,

treating soil, monitoring, and restricting groundwater and land use. Cleanup construction completed in 2017; long-term
monitoring and maintenance is ongoing. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service used funds from potentially responsible
parties to restore ecological habitat, including waterways and natural resources affected by the site. In September 2017,
construction was completed for a new section of the nearly 80-mile-long Farmington Canal Heritage Trail, which runs
across the site, and a trail access parking lot. A 50-kilowatt solar array was also constructed to provide power for the
long-term operation of the groundwater extraction system.

EPA REGION 1

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Other Cleanup Sites

Higganum Cove

The 13-acre Higganum Cove site is located off Nosal Road in
Haddam, Connecticut. From the 1840s until 1983, various
manufacturing operations took place on site. These included
dyeing of fabrics and yarn and the production of bridge netting,
marine paints and carbonless copy paper. Following reports of
inappropriate handling of hazardous substances, the Connecticut
Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (CT DEEP)
performed site inspections from 1983 to 1989. The inspections found
site soils and wetlands contaminated with industrial solvents, metals
and polychlorinated biphenyls. In 2013, CT DEEP referred the site
to EPA for a removal evaluation. After EPA identified the need for a
removal action in 2014, EPA began emergency cleanup actions at CT
DEEP's request. These actions included excavation and disposal of
contaminated soils and wetlands restoration. EPA completed cleanup
in late 2015. The cleanup actions facilitated reuse at the site. Through
collaboration between EPA, CT DEEP and local officials, the site is now
home to a nature park. The park includes hiking trails, picnic tables, a
kayak launch and restored wetlands for the public's enjoyment.

Mitral Corporation

The 5-acre Mitral Corporation site is located in Harwinton,

Connecticut. Between the mid-1960s and late~1980s, Mitral
Corporation did metal stamping and tooling, tumbling, sanding,
degreasing and other machining work on site. Waste materials
included used solvents, sludge, waste oil and scrap metal. The
Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection
conducted inspections and subsequently referred the site to EPA
for removal evaluation. Beginning in 2007, EPA conducted cleanup
activities. EPA removed asbestos-contaminated products, demolished
an old factory building, removed sludge and storage tanks, removed
and treated soil, and treated water. After EPA completed its cleanup
in 2009, the site was vacant for five years. In 2012, two residents living
next to the site purchased the property. The new owners planted a few
hundred evergreen trees and plan to plant more evergreens to sell as
Christmas trees. They are considering selling the trees to benefit the
Fidelco Guide Dog Foundation.

Mukluk Preserve

The 17-acre Mukluk Preserve site is a former skeet shooting range
located in Sprague, Connecticut; it is part of the larger 645-acre
Sprague Land Preserve. Cleanup included excavation and disposal of
almost 28,000 tons of soil contaminated with lead and polyaromatic
hydrocarbons. EPA coordinated closely with Connecticut Department
of Energy & Environmental Protection and the town of Sprague to
restore the site. The town provided all of the plantings/saplings used
for restoration. EPA completed restoration of the site and supported
its return to use as a recreation area for hiking, fishing, hunting,
horseback riding, cross-country skiing, canoeing and other activities.

Figure 59. Park at the Higganum Cove site (Connecticut).
Photo used with permission of CT DEEP.

Figure 60. Aerial view of the Mitral Corporation site
(Connecticut). Sources: Imagery ©2022 Google, Imagery
©2022 Maxar Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey Map
data ©2022.

Figure 61. Wetlands at the Mukluk Preserve site
following cleanup (Connecticut).

54

EPA REGION 1

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MAINE REUSE SUMMARY
PROFILES

National Priorities List Sites

Callahan Mine.

The over 150-acre Callahan Mine Superfund site is
located in Brooksville, Maine, Metal mining operations
began at the site in 1868 and ended in 1972. In 1975, the
Maine Department of Marine Resources studied marine
organisms in the adjacent Goose Pond and found elevated
levels of metals. The Maine Department of Environmental
Protection conducted more sampling in 1999. The studies
found hazardous substances in site soiis and nearby
residential properties, site groundwater and on-site waste
materials.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
2002. EPA finalized the cleanup plan for part of the site in
2011. From 2010 to 2013, EPA conducted soil cleanup of
residential properties and removed contamination from
the former Mine Operations Area. Cleanup plans for the
rest of the site are yet to be determined, institutional
controls to restrict land use and prevent groundwater
use were completed in 2017. The design work for the
disposal of contaminated sediments in an underwater containment cell, wetlands restoration, institutional controls
and monitoring was completed in 2019. In 2020, EPA installed a stone buttress against the tailings dam and graded the
tailings impoundment in preparation for the installation of the cover system in 2021. The site is one of 49 Superfund
sites receiving an infusion of resources from the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to initiate and restart cleanups. The
funding will expedite the cleanup and help protect the surrounding Brooksville community.

EPA conducted a reuse assessment for the former Callahan Mine property and Goose Pond. The reuse assessment was
based on the goals of the site owner, local regulations, community input and reasonably anticipated future land uses. It
recommended a habitat conservation area with potential recreation opportunities for the site.

Eastern Surplus

The 5-acre Eastern Surplus Company Superfund site is
located along Meddybemps Lake and the Dennys River
in Meddybemps, Maine. The Eastern Surplus Company,
an army surplus and salvage retailer, operated on site
from 1946 until the early 1980s. Facility operations
contaminated soil and groundwater with hazardous
substances. A facility inspection in 1984 identified evidence
of a release and the Maine Department of Environmental
Protection (MEDEP) initiated emergency cleanup in 1985.

EPA took responsibility for the cleanup in 1986 and added
the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996.

EPA REGION 1

Figure 62. The Callahan Mine property and adjacent marsh (Maine),

Figure 63. Commemorative patio area at the Eastern Surplus site
(Maine).

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To clean up the site, EPA removed contaminated soii and materials and disposed of them off site and began operating
a groundwater treatment system in 2000. EPA issued an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) to document a
significant change in the remedial approach in which the operation of the groundwater extraction and treatment system
portion of the remedy was suspended for further enhanced in situ bioremediation based on the success of a 2012-2013
pilot-study and post-treatment monitoring. The groundwater treatment system is currently offline while additional
treatment is implemented and EPA and the MEDEP evaluate the effects of the remedy improvements.

Site investigations found Native American artifacts. The northern part of the site, named N'tolonapemk (Our Ancestor's
Place) by the Passamaquoddy Tribe, is identified as a significant archaeological site and is listed on the National Register
of Historic Places. In 2012, EPA constructed a commemorative plaza and pathway for the area. Land use in the vicinity
of the site remains primarily residential (both year-round and seasonal) and agricultural. EPA anticipates continued
recreational use on the northern portion of the site as well as residential and agricultural use on the southern portion of
the site.

Eastland Woolen Mill

The 25-acre Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund site is located
on Main Street in downtown Corinna, Maine. A textile
mill operated at the site from 1909 until 1996. Disposal
practices resulted in contamination of sediments in the
East Branch of the Sebasticook River as well as soil and
groundwater. In 1999, EPA placed the site on the National
Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup activities included removal
of hazardous materials, the miil and contaminated soils.

Cleanup activities also included installation of a water line
and treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater.

EPA's close coordination with the community ensured the
productive reuse of the well-located property.

in 2001, EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program provided a grant to the town of Corinna for a community-based
reuse assessment and reuse plan. Based on these plans, a 20-unit senior housing facility opened on part of the site in
2006. EPA, the town of Corinna and the state of Maine also relocated the historic Odd Fellows Building from the site to
a new location across Route 7. The site is also home to the town of Corinna War Memorial and a community bandstand.
A community boardwalk runs through green space along the river. The remainder of the site includes commercial,
residential and mixed-use development. In 2012, EPA took 80% of the site's land area off the NPL after determining
cleanup of the areas was complete. This area includes several properties that are currently available for reuse. Site
stakeholders hope the area's deletion from the NPL will further clarify the site's cleanup status and help support even
more reuse.

EPA made every effort to work with the Town in the planning and implementation stages of both the
cleanup and redevelopment of Corinna. The opening of the Corundel Commons housing facility is a prime
example of what can be accomplished when agencies share the same goals."

- Dalton Mullis, former Town Manager of Corinna, Maine

Pinette's Salvage Yard

The 12-acre Pinette's Salvage Yard Superfund site is located
about a mile southwest of Washburn, Maine. In 1979,
three electrical transformers broke at the site. Fluids
containing hazardous chemicals spilled directly onto the
ground. The fluids moved through the soil, contaminating
groundwater and surface water.

Figure 65. The vehicle repair and salvage yard business at the
Pinette's Salvage Yard site (Maine).

Figure 64. Eastland Woolen Mill site (Maine).

EPA REGION 1

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in 1982, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). In 1983, EPA removed some contaminated soil and
disposed of it off site. EPA's cleanup plan addressed contaminated groundwater and remaining contaminated soil. After
cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2002. EPA's cleanup plan allowed a vehicle repair and salvage yard to continue
operating on site. Today, the vehicle repair and salvage yard business remains active. It stores and dismantles damaged
vehicles and sells recovered auto parts.

Saco Municipal Landfill

The 90-acre Saco Municipal Landfill Superfund site is
located in Saco, Maine. The city of Saco owned and
operated the landfill from 1963 to 1989. The site includes
four disposal areas. Chemicals and wastes contaminated
soil and groundwater at the site. In 1990, EPA placed the
site on the National Priorities List (NPL). Under EPA and
Maine Department of Environmental Protection oversight,
the city of Saco cleaned up the site. Cleanup activities
included removing waste and removing and placing
contaminated sediment under a cap. Cleanup also includes
monitoring of natural processes to clean up groundwater
and restricting land use.

In 1998, the city of Saco began planning for site reuse. EPA approved a plan to improve wildlife habitat in the former
gravel and sand pit in one of the site's disposal areas. In 2001, the city graded the area, established a vegetative
cover, and installed a series of wetland areas next to one of the disposal areas. In 2003, the city completed plans for a
community recreation area for hiking, biking, ice skating and soccer. The city has completed construction of two soccer
fields for elementary and middie-school children. Reuse planning is ongoing for unused portions of the site for additional
city facilities.

Saco Tannery Waste Pits

TThe 212-acre Saco Tannery Waste Pits site is located in
Saco, Maine. Saco Tannery Corporation operated from
1959 until 1981. The company used on-site waste pits for
disposal of process wastes, such as chromium sludges,
acid wastes, methylene chloride and caustic substances.

Disposal activities contaminated soil, groundwater and
sediment. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1983.

EPA performed a removal action that removed liquid
wastes, neutralized sludges, capped pits, and installed a
fence. Long-term cleanup added soil cover systems for
the 53 waste pits, two lagoons, and two areas outside the
waste pits; re-vegetated the site; created compensatory
wetlands; and constructed permanent security fencing. EPA
removed the site from the NPL in 1999. Wetlands cover a
large part of the site.

Figure 67, Aerial view of the Saco Tannery Waste Pits site (Maine),
Sources: Imagery ©2022 Google, Imagery ©2022 CNES/Airbus,
Maine GeoLibrary, Maxar Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey,
USDA/FPAC/GEO, Map data ©2022.

EPA REGION 1

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Federal Facility Sites

Brunswick Naval Air Station

The 3,100-acre Brunswick Naval Air Station Superfund site is
located in Brunswick, Maine. After initially supporting a civilian
airport, the U.S. Navy established Brunswick Naval Air Station
during World War II. Wastes generated by the U.S. Navy as part
of installation activities contaminated soil and groundwater.

EPA placed the Brunswick Naval Air Station on the Superfund
program's National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. The U.S. Navy
continues to conduct site investigations and cleanup activities.

Naval air station operations continued at the site until May 2011, Figure 68. The Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge on the

when the air station was officially decommissioned. Today, the Brunswick Naval Ari Station site (Maine).

site supports a wide range of commercial, industrial, recreational,

educational, ecological, military and residential uses as well as renewable energy projects. The site is home to Br unswick
Landing, a mixed commercial and industrial development, as well as the Kate Furbish Preserve and Mere Creek Golf
Club. The site is also home to neighborhoods, including converted former naval air station housing, colleges, schools
and vocational training centers, and a general aviation airport. Housing has also expanded, with over 4,000 residents
estimated to be living at the former base.

Loring Air Force Base

Located in Limestone, Maine, the roughly 9,000-acre Loring Air
Force Base was a major Strategic Air Command (SAC) base for the
U.S. Air Force for over 40 years, before its closing in 1994. The
Base housed a bomber wing and had SAC's largest capacity for
weapons and fuel storage. Military operations contaminated soil,
groundwater, surface water and sediment.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1990. Cleanup included waste removal, excavations, landfill
capping, institutional controls to prevent uncontrolled use and
consumption of groundwater, provisional water supplies, long-
term monitoring, and groundwater management zones. Some
cleanup activities and investigations are ongoing.

The U.S. Air Force transferred the site to the Loring Development Authority, which worked with the U.S. Air Force and
EPA to establish the Loring Commerce Centre, an industrial complex, aviation center and business park. Businesses and
federal agencies in the commerce center provide employment and income for the surrounding community. Tax credit
and exemption programs, such as the Job and investment Tax Credit and the Research Expense Credit, offer additional
incentives to potential new tenants. Redevelopment at the site serves as a success story for other Base Realignment and
Closure (BRAC) facilities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service maintains the Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge, which provides
space for recreation while protecting a diverse array of native wildlife habitats and species. The Loring Military Heritage
Center is also located on site, preserving the history and legacy of Loring Air Force Base through education and museum
exhibits.

Figure 69. The Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge on the
Loring Air Force Base site (Maine).

SOUTHERN

MAINE

((IMMUNITY

COLLEGE

MlDCOAST campu:

Aroostook

NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Department of the Interior

EPA REGION 1

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Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

The 278-acre Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Superfurid site is located
in Kittery, York County, Maine. The site consists of four islands
connected by filled tidal flats. The U.S. Navy uses the Portsmouth
Naval Shipyard for naval operations, including construction of
ships and submarines. Industrial wastes, including used batteries,
asbestos insulation, waste paint, chemical solvents and lead
sludge, contaminated soils, groundwater and surface water at
the site. This created a potential health risk for the 10,000 people
living on and around the site. Contamination also threatened the
unique wetlands and rivers nearby.

In May 1994, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List
(NPL). Following the immediate removal of heavily contaminated storage tanks and containment of those areas with a
soil cap, EPA and the U.S. Navy removed localized areas of contaminated soil. They also installed stormwater controls
along riverbanks and restored saltwater wetlands. The site remains an active U.S. Navy shipyard; a Final Preliminary
Close-out was issued in September 2019. Long-term and compliance monitoring are ongoing. PFAS investigations awere
conducted in 2021, and a finai report is planned in Fall 2022.

Figure 70. Naval facilities at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
site (Maine).

Other Cleanup Sites

Bangor Gas Works

From 1852 to 1963, the 6-acre Bangor Gas Works site operated
as a coai gasification plant in Bangor, Maine. The extracted gas
provided the city of Bangor with electricity. Operations stored
the remaining thick tar waste in large tanks on site. Tar deposits
contaminated site soils and sediments of the nearby Penobscot
River. After residents reported fumes from sewer lines and tar
sheen on the river surface, the city of Bangor acquired the site in
1978. The city removed site structures and extracted and removed
some contaminated materials from the site. The city also buried
and capped some contaminated materials on site. Redevelopment
activities paved over the capped area for a parking lot. Today, site
uses include commercial space with a 60,000-square foot Shaw's
Supermarket as well as recreational space that connects to the
Second Street Community Park next to the site.

Figure 71. Entrance to the Shaw's Supermarket at the
Bangor Gas Works site (Maine).

EPA REGION 1

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MASSACHUSETTS
SUMMARY PROFI

REUSE
LES

National Priorities List Sites

Atlas Tack Corp.

The Atlas Tack Corporation Superfund site is located in Fairhaven,

Massachusetts. It covers about 48 acres and includes upland
areas, wetlands and saltwater marsh. From 1901 to 1985, the
Atlas Tack facility made a variety of metal products, including
tacks and steel nails, on site. Operations released waste
containing acids, metals, and solvents into drains and an unlined
lagoon near a marsh area. Waste disposal practices resulted in
contamination of soil, surface water, sediment and groundwater.

In 1990, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup activities included demolition of most
remaining site structures, removal of contaminated soil, groundwater monitoring and site restoration. EPA completed
these activities in 2007; monitoring began in 2008. Restored wetlands and the saltwater marsh now provide habitat
for plants, fish and wildlife. Birders frequent the site for bird-watching activities. These citizen scientists have recorded
several species on site, including the Pie-billed Grebe, the American Bittern and the Least Bittern, which are endangered
in the commonwealth of Massachusetts. Potential future development at the site could include commercial and
industrial reuse of upland areas.

Figure 72. View of the Atlas Tack Corp. site (Massachusetts).

Blackburn & Union Privileges

The Blackburn & Union Privileges Superfund site is located in
Walpole, Massachusetts. Industrial and commercial processes
on the site using chromium, arsenic, and mercury date back
to the 1600s. Between 1891 and 1915, the site was used for
manufacture of tires, rubber goods and insulating materials. The
crushing of raw asbestos in the manufacture of brake and clutch
linings occurred at the site between 1915 and 1937. Various
cotton and fabric production processes were conducted at the site
from 1937 until 1985, when the facility was abandoned. Industrial
operations contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater.

EPA placed the site on the NPL in 1994. In 1999, EPA entered into a settlement with parties to perform the remedial
investigation and feasibility study. In 2000, EPA awarded the town of Walpole a Superfund Redevelopment Program
(SRP) pilot grant to develop reuse plans for the property. EPA approved the site's cleanup plan in 2008. The cleanup plan
divided the site into four management units requiring excavation and dredging with off-site disposal of contaminated
soil and sediment, extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater, and institutional controls and long-term
monitoring. In 2010, EPA entered into a settlement with the parties to design and perform the site's cleanup. Cleanup
construction began in 2015. The town took over site parcels for unpaid taxes and developed a new police station and
senior center. In May 2018, town officials, police and community members gathered to attend a ribbon-cutting ceremony
to open a new police station. In December 2018, another ribbon-cutting ceremony marked the completion of a new
senior center - the Walpole Co-operative Bank South Street Center. The site aiso includes continued residential use and a
community rail trail for recreation.

Figure 73. The police station at the Blackburn & Union
Privileges site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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Cannon Engineering Corp. (CEC)

The 7-acre Cannon Engineering Corporation (CEC)
Superfund site is located in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
Beginning in the 1970s, CEC transported, stored and
burned hazardous wastes at the site. Mishandling of
the waste and reporting violations led to the facility
closing in 1980. In 1982, the Massachusetts Department
of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) removed
contaminated sludge and drums from the site.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 1983. Cleanup included installation of fencing, soil
treatment of lesser-contaminated soils, excavation and
of-site disposal of highly contaminated soils, groundwater
monitoring, decontamination and removal of contaminated
buildings and structures, restoration of wetlands, and
institutional controls. The Responsible Parties completed
the cleanup in 2013. In the mid-1990s, Osterman Propane

Distribution (Osterman) relocated to the former CEC facility and is currently operating at the site. In 1998, Omnipoint
Communications Enterprises began leasing the property and built a cellular communication tower. In 2013, EPA, with
concurrence from MassDEP, took the site off the NPL. EPA continues to monitor the site, conducting a review of the
cleanup actions every five years to make sure the remedy remains protective of human health and the environment.

Figure 74. Aerial of the CEC site (Massachusetts). Map image is
the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein under license.
Copyright © 2022 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved. Sources:
Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographies, CNES/Airbus DS,USDA,
USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS user community.

Charles George Reclamation Trust Landfill

The 70-acre Charles George Reclamation Trust Landfill
Superfund site is located in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts.
Initially a small municipal dump, the landfill expanded
to accept household and industrial wastes, chemicals
containing volatile organic compounds and metal sludge.
The commonwealth of Massachusetts ordered the landfill
closed in 1983. Site operations contaminated groundwater.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1983. Cleanup activities included providing a permanent
water supply to residents affected by contaminated Figure 75. Solar panels at the Charles George Reclamation Trust

groundwater, capping the landfill, and collecting Landfill site (Massachusetts).

contaminated liquid draining from the iandfill (ieachate),

groundwater and landfill gas. The MassDEP operates the landfill gas collection/destruction system and the groundwater/
Ieachate collection system and maintains the cap. EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region 1 conducted
an assessment in 2010 to evaluate opportunities for using Superfund sites in Massachusetts for solar energy. In 2016,
Citizens Energy Corporation completed construction of a 3.56-megawatt solar photovoltaic facility on the landfill.

Groveland Wells

The 850-acre Groveland Wells Superfund site is located
off of Washington Street in Groveland, Essex County,
Massachusetts. The former Valley Manufacturing Products
Company produced metai and plastic parts on site until
2001. The site's responsible party (PRs) released cutting oils
and chlorinated hazardous solvents at the site. Additional

EPA REGION

Figure 76. The solar facility at the Groveland Wells site
(Massachusetts).

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waste leaked from underground storage tanks and disposal systems that were located at the facility. Site releases
contaminated the town of Groveland's public water supply.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1982. In late 1987 and early 1988, the PRPs installed and
used soil vapor extraction (SVE) to remove contaminants from site soils. The PRPs also installed a small groundwater
treatment system in 1988. However, these systems were ineffective. EPA then designed and installed a large groundwater
treatment system in 2000. In 2006, EPA removed abandoned underground storage tanks, a former disposal system and
contaminated soils from the site. In addition, from 2009 to 2011, EPA designed, installed and operated an electrical
resistive heating treatment system to replace the SVE system. All of these treatment activities were effective and
concluded in 2014.

The Groveland Department of Public Works continues to operate a portion of the site. EPA's Superfund Redevelopment
Program and Region 1 conducted an assessment in 2010 to evaluate opportunities for using Superfund sites in
Massachusetts for solar energy. In 2012, a 3.6-megawatt solar array was installed on another area of the site. It provides
power for more than 500 homes. The site remains in continued residential, recreational, commercial, municipal and
industrial use. Mill Pond and portions of Johnson Creek are also located on site. MassDEP is decommissioning the large
groundwater treatment facility on site. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston owns the property and plans to use
the decommissioned treatment facility building. EPA continues to monitor conditions, conducting a review of the cleanup
actions every five years to make sure the remedy remains protective of human health and the environment.

Hatheway & Patterson

The 38-acre Hatheway & Patterson Superfund site is
located in Mansfield and Foxborough, Massachusetts.

Approximately 36 acres of the Site are located in the Town
of Mansfield and the remaining 1.77 acres are located
in the Town of Foxborough. The Site is bisected by the
Rumford River, which runs north to south, and by a railroad
right-of-way, which runs east to west. The site includes
the area where the Hatheway and Patterson Company
operated a wood-preserving facility from 1953 to 1993.

Releases of chemicals used during these operations
resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. It also
resulted in contamination of sediment and surface water in
the Rumford River's fisheries and surrounding wetlands.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2002. Cleanup included removal of contaminated soil, capping
of a 2-acre area, institutional controls, and long-term monitoring of groundwater, surface water, fish tissue and sediment.
EPA completed the cleanup in 2011. Institutional controls in the form of Notice of Activity and Uses Limitations (NAULs)
were recorded with the Registry of Deeds to prevent uncontrolled access to the remaining contamination. In 2018, the
Site was deleted from the NPL because EPA determined that the all-response actions for the Site were complete and that
all cleanup goals had been achieved.

Today, a 119-space commuter parking lot is located on part of the site. It serves the nearby Mansfield commuter rail
station. The town of Mansfield also uses part of the site for emergency vehicle storage and uses a remaining building for
office space. The Mansfield portion of the site aiong County Street in not currently in use.

Figure 77. The commuter parking lot at the Hatheway & Patterson
site (Massachusetts).

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Industri-Plex

The Industri-Plex Superfund site in Woburn, Massachusetts,
is located 12 miles outside of Boston. From 1853 to 1969,
several manufacturers produced chemicals, insecticides,
munitions and glue products at the site. Large waste piles,
heavy metals and hazardous chemicals collected on site.

This waste resulted in groundwater, surface water, soil
and sediment contamination. In 1983, EPA placed the site
on the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup included
placement of protective covers over contaminated parts
of the site, dredging and off- site disposal of contaminated
sediments, construction of wetlands, and institutional
controls. The covers were compatible with productive Figure 78. The Aberjona Nature Trail on the Industri-Plex site

reuse of the areas. (Massachusetts).

During and after initial cleanup activities, several public- and private-sector improvements took place. They included
a new interstate highway exchange, public roads, a 200,000-square-foot shopping center, an office park and a hotel
complex. Restored wetlands and grass-covered hills provide scenic open space at the site. The site's successful
redevelopment was recognized by the prestigious Phoenix Award in 2000. In 2001, the 34-acre, $10 million James
Anderson Regional Transportation Center opened at the site. The center relieves congestion on highways leading into
Boston and eases commutes for many area residents. In 2008 and 2009, additional redevelopment included a restaurant,
a pet supply store and a furniture store. EPA, the state and local government worked with the developer to record
property use restrictions, prepare work plans, remove a building and support the property's transformation.

Construction of the final cleanup phase began in 2015 and was completed in 2017. Mitigation projects along the
Aberjona River include constructed wetlands, floodplain enhancements, and the Aberjona Nature Trail, as well as a fish
ladder at the Center Falls Dam in nearby Winchester. EPA continues to support the safe redevelopment of properties at
the site, and prepared a 2018 Explanation of Significant Differences that enabled two mixed-use and residential projects
to move forward. Construction of the first project, a 200-unit apartment community at 200 Presidential Way parcel,
began in 2018 and was completed in 2019. Construction of the second project, a 289-unit multi-family housing and over
9,000 square feet of commercial space development, began in 2019 and completed in 2022. In addition, EPA deleted the
200 Presidential Way parcel from the NPL in 2020. In 2021, two solar rooftop projects were completed generating 1.7
and 0.8 megawatts respectively. With EPA continuing to provide support for the safe redevelopment of the site, more
projects are on the horizon. They include construction of the New Boston Street Rail Road Bridge, a 4.0 megawatt Solar
Electric Generating Facility, mixed residential and commercial reuse, a life science laboratory and an office building.

Figure 79. The solar array on the Shaffer Landfill at the Iron Horse
Park site (Massachusetts).

Iron Horse Park

The Iron Horse Park Superfund site is a 553-acre industrial
complex in Billerica, Massachusetts. Industrial activities,
which began in 1913, included manufacturing, rail
yard maintenance, waste storage and landfilling. These
operations resulted in soil, groundwater and surface water
contamination.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1984. Cleanup construction work was completed in 2022.
This included removing contaminated soil, backfilling
areas with clean soil, capping contaminated soil areas, and
closing and capping landfills. These activities supported
the continued operation of industrial businesses on site,
including lumber, manufacturing and rail yard maintenance

EPA REGION 1

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facilities. Cleanup aiso restored natural marshes and new wetland habitats. In 2012, site stakeholders began a project to
place solar panels on the Shaffer Landfill, a former waste disposal area. After coordinating with EPA and the state, the
town of Billerica signed a payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) agreement in August 2013. The agreement guarantees project
revenue over 25 years.

With the agreement in place, construction of the 25-acre solar array began in early 2014. Urban Green Technologies
(UGT), the solar developer, placed 20,000 solar panels over the capped landfill. EPA worked with UGT to address the
challenge of installing solar panels on the sloped iandfill while ensuring its cap remained intact. In August 2014, EPA,
MassDEP, UGT and the town of Billerica held a ceremony marking the project's completion. The 6-megawatt facility
allows the town to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and benefit from significant long-term energy cost savings. Since
then, a 4-megawatt solar array was constructed elsewhere on the site, followed by a 6-megawatt array in 2017. The solar
facilities allow the town of Billerica to benefit from significant long-term energy cost savings.

New Bedford Harbor

The 18,000-acre New Bedford Harbor Superfund site
is located in New Bedford, Massachusetts. At least two
companies produced capacitors and other electronics
containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on site from
1940 to the late 1970s. Operations discharged industrial
wastes into the harbor, which contaminated the estuary
from the upper Acushnet River into Buzzards Bay. In
1983, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List
(NPL). Ongoing cleanup activities include the removal and
disposal of contaminated shoreline soils, saltmarshes and
mudflats at approved off-site facilities, and replanting
impacted saltmarsh areas with thousands of native grasses,
shrubs and trees. Subtidal dredging (below the low tide
line) was completed in March 2020. Cleanup of the site is
ongoing, is 97.5% complete by volume, and is expected to
be complete by December 2025.

in December 2020, after extensive decontamination, EPA transferred its former 5-acre sediment dewatering facility
to the city of New Bedford. To provide COVID-19 vaccinations for seafood industry workers and community members
during the COVID-19 public health emergency, the city partnered with the Greater New Bedford Community Health
Center in April 2021 to temporarily transform the facility into a COVID-19 vaccination site, capable of vaccinating up
to 800 to 1,000 people daily. In 2022, the city used the facility to temporarily protect various Buttonwood Park Zoo
waterfowl and endangered species from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1. The city ultimately plans to use the
former dewatering facility as a heavy-duty, multi-purpose port facility, potentially supporting off-shore wind energey
projects. The facility, located on the city's working waterfront, includes berthing space for freighters and commercial
fishing vessels, a 55,000-square-foot warehouse, and a rail spur that connects to the city's raii yard. As part of a separate
Superfund removal action adjacent to the harbor in 2011, EPA completed demolition of the 11-acre Aerovox mill, located
along the Acushnet River.

Additionally, the cleanup plan allows for navigational dredging efforts by local and state stakeholders. Dredging of harbor
channels, which enhances the remedy by removing sediment not addressed by the Superfund cleanup, has resulted
in private investment to the commercial port. It paved the way for the recent construction of the New Bedford Marine
Commerce Terminal, a 28-acre marine terminal designed to support development of off-shore wind energy.

Redevelopment along the river is ongoing. Projects include the repurposing of many former mills for apartments and
commercial space. Finally, plans include a riverwalk along the Upper Harbor and habitat restoration, which will draw
residents back to the waterfront for recreational activities. EPA's cleanup will address contamination along the shoreline

Figure 80, Dredging of contaminated sediment has helped pave the
way for commercial port development at the New Bedford Harbor
site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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prior to construction of the riverwalk. Completion of the cleanup will ailow for further redevelopment and repurposing
of buildings along the shoreline.

Once the ongoing state-led cleanup of the upland portion of the former Aerovox mill is completed, the property will
provide the city with space for potential future shoreline redevelopment. Residents use the harbor for recreational
activities such as rowing and boating.

Norwood PCBs

The 26-acre Norwood PCBs Superfund site is iocated in
Norwood, Massachusetts. From 1942 through the mid-
1980s, several businesses made and maintained electrical
components on site. During site investigations, EPA found
polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and groundwater on site
and in the sediment of a nearby brook.

In 1986, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities
List (NPL). Cleanup included removing contaminated soil
and sediment and consolidating it beneath an asphalt
cap. It also included demolition of on-site structures and
long-term monitoring. A groundwater treatment facility
operated on site until 2001. In 2008, the site owner and
developers completed a 56,000-square-foot commercial

retail facility on site. Developers iocated new buildings next to the capped area. They increased the thickness of the
asphalt cap remedy to allow for its use as a parking lot. An athletic goods retailer remains located in the facility. EPA
took the site off the NPL in 2011. A new redevelopment plan will convert part of the existing building to a supermarket,
making additional improvements to the building and parking lot while maintaining the protectiveness of the cap.

Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump

The 35-acre Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site
is located in Ashland, Massachusetts. From 1917 to 1978,
various companies made textile dyes, dye intermediates
and other products at the site. Operators buried solid
waste on site and released wastewater into a system of
lagoons and storage areas that were periodically drained.

Solid material was placed on Megunko hill, and wastewater
was directed to series of drainageways and wetlands to the
Sudbury River. These improper waste-handling practices
resulted in groundwater, soil and sediment contamination.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 1982. In the mid-1990s, data from indoor air samples
collected in buildings located above a contaminated
groundwater plume emanating from the site indicated potentially unsafe levels of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs)
in indoor air. Site remedial activities have included excavating sludge and contaminated soils and sediments from the
Site property and surrounding wetland areas, placing a landfill cap over contaminated soils, and installing sub-slab
depressurization systems to stop VOC vapors from migrating into buildings. A new redevelopment plan will convert
part of the existing building to a supermarket, making additional improvements to the building and parking lot while
maintaining the protectiveness of the cap. Several businesses, including NYACOL Nano Technologies, continue to operate
on or adjacent to the site. In December 2019, a solar array was constructed and began operating on the site's landfill cap.
Together, this array along with a nearby off-site solar array, can generate up to 5.8 megawatts of electricity.

Figure 81. One of several commercial facilities at the Norwood PCBs
site (Massachusetts).

Figure 82. Restored wetlands at the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump
site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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PSC Resources

£-

v -:v'^

... ,

Figure 83. Drainage along the capped area of the PSC
Resources site (Massachusetts).

The 4-acre PSC Resources Superfund site is located in Palmer,

Massachusetts. From 1974 to 1978, waste oil arid solvent recovery
and disposal resulted in spills contaminating soils, sediments and
groundwater. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1983. EPA dug up contaminated soils and sediment, treated
them, and put them under an impermeable cap, which has been
vegetated. A fence preventing access has been placed around
the capped material. A Mobil Oil Company pipeline runs along a
corridor south of the site. The site includes forest and wetland areas
that are used by local residents for recreation activities.

Re-Solve, Inc.

The 6-acre Re-Solve, Inc. Superfund site is a former waste chemical
reclamation facility in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Between
1956 and 1980, site operators disposed of residues from operations,
liquid sludge waste, impure solvents and burned tires in on-site
unlined lagoons. Site operators also spread oil waste over the site to
control dust.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. EPA
and the site's potentially responsible parties (PRPs) constructed a
groundwater pump-and-treat system at the site. The system has
operated continuously since 1998. As part of the cleanup, EPA
and the PRPs restored 1 acre of wetlands at the site. The PRPs
also worked closely with EPA and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
to convert 4 acres of the site into a native meadow for ecological
reuse. The PRPs placed bird boxes, brush piles and sand piles for
turtles to enhance the meadow habitat. An annual fishing derby

at Cornell Pond on site engages the community in fish monitoring activities. EPA and the PRPs have also collaboratively
evaluated sustainable treatment enhancements for the groundwater treatment system since 2004. In 2015, two
anaerobic bio-reactor systems were located on site. The systems are underground, contained biological treatment beds
where living organisms break down contamination. This process reduces the use of chemicals and the need for waste
disposal. The groundwater treatment system is powered entirely by 644 solar panels.

Figure 84. Solar panels are used to power the groundwater
treatment system at the Re-Solve, Inc. site (Massachusetts).

Figure 85, Solar array at the Salem Acres site
(Massachusetts).

Salem Acres

The 235-acre Salem Acres Superfund site is in Salem,
Massachusetts. From 1946 to 1969, part of the site received waste
from the South Essex Sewerage District. The waste was placed in
unlined pits on the site. Other areas of the site were used for fly
ash disposal and a landfill. The unlined pits, the fly ash pile and the
landfill contained hazardous substances.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. From
1995 to 1999, responsible parties removed and disposed of site
contamination, with EPA oversight. The cleanup restored the site for
unrestricted land use. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2001. In 2019,
a developer expanded a nearby neighborhood of single-family
homes onto part of the site.

EPA REGION 1

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Shpack Landfill

The 9.4-acre Shpack Landfill site is located in Attleboro
and Norton, Massachusetts. The landfill operated from
1946 until the 1970s. The landfill received domestic
and industrial wastes, including inorganic and organic
chemicals, as well as radioactive waste ashes associated
with nuclear fuel operations. Facility operations
contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater with
hazardous chemicals. EPA placed the site on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. Cleanup included excavation
and off-site disposal of contaminated soil, installation of
a water supply line, stormwater drainage improvements,
wetland creation and restoration, and institutional controls.
Routine maintenance and monitoring activities are ongoing
to ensure wetland system health.

Sullivan's Ledge

Figure 86. Aerial view of the Shpack Landfill site (Massachusetts).
Sources: Imagery ©2022 Google, Imagery ©2022 CNES/Airbus,
MassGIS, Commonwealth of Massachusetts EOEA, Maxar
Technologies, RIGIS, USDA/FPAC/GEO, Map data ©2022.

The Sullivan's Ledge Superfund site is located in New
Bedford, Massachusetts. A 12-acre quarry operated on site
until 1921. In 1935, the city of New Bedford took over the
site and turned it into a dump for hazardous materials. Waste
disposal activities took place on site from the 1940s through
the 1970s. The city then closed the dump and backfilled the
disposal areas. In 1982, during investigations associated with
a proposed parking lot development, the Massachusetts
Department of Public Works, now the Massachusetts
Highway Department, found soil contamination at the site.

EPA conducted studies in the area and placed the site on
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup activities
included treating groundwater and removing contaminated
soil and sediment and capping the site. Institutional Figure 87. Aerial view of the solar array at the Sullivan's Ledge site

Controls are recorded with the Registry of Deeds to prevent (Massachusetts).
uncontrolled access to the remaining contamination.

Cleanup also included removing contamination from a neighboring golf course. EPA's approach allowed for continued
use of the golf course during cleanup. EPA also restored 13 acres of affected wetlands. Restoration work finished in 2002.
Today, the wetlands provide habitat for many wildlife species, including the great blue heron, great egret, red-tailed
hawk and spotted turtle.

EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region 1 conducted an assessment of the site in 2010 as part of an
effort to evaluate opportunities for using Superfund sites in Massachusetts for solar energy. In 2013, EPA approved the
installation of a 1.75-megawatt solar project on the capped part of the site. Project partners SunEdison, Beaumont Solar,
Pro-Tech Energy Solutions and BlueWave Capital completed construction in 2014. The 10-acre system includes more
than 5,000 solar panels. A partnership between BlueWave Capital and the city of New Bedford is supporting further solar
projects around New Bedford. The city of New Bedford buys energy generated from the solar arrays. This enables the city
to increase its use of renewable energy sources and save 30% on municipal electricity bills. Over the course of 20 years,
New Bedford will save about $2.7 million in energy costs through the purchase of solar net metering credits. In 2014, EPA
recognized the project team, including the city of New Bedford, BlueWave Capital and SunEdison, with Region l's first
Excellence in Site Reuse Award.

EPA REGION 1

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Sutton Brook Disposal Area

The 100-acre Sutton Brook Disposal Area Superfurid site
is located inTewksbury, Massachusetts. From 1957 until
1988, a landfill operated on site, accepting municipal,
commercial and industrial wastes. Waste disposal practices
led to soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater and
air contamination. Sampling showed the presence of
contamination that exceeded risk levels.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
2001. EPA performed three short-term cleanups on and
near the site, excavating and removing highly contaminated
soils and drums. The site's long-term remedy included excavation of additional soiis and sediments, consolidation of
this material in on-site landfills, landfill capping, and wetlands restoration. It also included groundwater collection and
treatment, monitored natural attenuation for groundwater outside the extraction system area, institutional controls and
long-term monitoring. Cleanup finished in July 2016. The site now includes restored wetlands, providing habitat for local
plants and animals. In June 2020, MassDEP approved the town of Tewksbury's request to install ballast-mounted solar
arrays at the site. In 2022, National Grid energized the 3.6 megawatt solar arrays project.

W.R. Grace & Co., Inc. (Acton Plant)

The 260-acre W.R. Grace & Co., Inc. (Acton Plant)

Superfund site is located in the towns of Acton and
Concord, Massachusetts. For over 100 years, different
companies operated a chemical manufacturing facility on
site. W.R. Grace, the last site owner, ceased all operations
in 1991. Facility operators created wastewater and
solid industrial wastes and disposed of them in several
unlined lagoons and an on-site landfill. These practices
contaminated soils, groundwater, surface water and
sediments. In 1978, investigations found contamination in
two municipal welis in Acton. EPA directed W.R. Grace to
begin interim cleanup actions at the site.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in September 1983. Interim cleanup actions included
groundwater extraction and treatment and removal of
hazardous storage tanks. Finai cleanup actions included
landfill and lagoon closure, capping of site soils and sludges, sediment dredging and removal, additional groundwater
extraction and treatment, and restoration of site wetlands. EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region 1
conducted an assessment of the site in 2010 as part of an effort to evaluate opportunities for using Superfund sites in
Massachusetts for solar energy. After the site's remedy was in place, the town of Concord took ownership of a 70-acre
parcel at the site in 2016. The first phase of the town's three-phase reuse plan involved construction of a 4.5-megawatt
solar array, which was completed in early 2017. This project added more green, competitively priced energy to the
town's power supply portfolio. It is expected to supply 4.5% of the town's power supply needs, enough to power 625
homes. Additionally, the solar array will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and offset the town's peak demand for
electricity by 10%. The phases of Concord's reuse plan, construction of a school bus depot at the site, was completed in
August 2017. Planning for a second solar array on the Site northwest of the current installation is currently under way.

Figure 88. Solar arrays at the Sutton Brooks Disposal Area site
(Massachusetts).

Figure 89. Aerial view of the solar array at the W. ft Grace & Co., Inc.
(Acton Plant) site (Massachusetts).

EPA REGION 1

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Wells G&H

The Wells G&H Superfund site includes 330 acres of land and
contaminated groundwater in Woburn, Massachusetts with a
mixture of commercial/industrial and residential properties.

Past operations at the site include dry cleaning, solvent storage,
truck terminals, drum disposal and plastics manufacturing,
in 1979, MassDEP discovered significant levels of hazardous
chemicals in two municipal supply wells. The wells were known
as wells G and H. MassDEP closed the wells. EPA placed the site
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included
treatment of contaminated soils, excavation and disposal
of debris and mixed contaminated soil, and extraction and
treatment of source-area groundwater, as well as removal of
contaminated sediment and restoration. Cleanup activities are
ongoing across the site.

In 2000, EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program awarded the Woburn city government a pilot grant to complete a
comprehensive land use plan for the site. Three of the site's responsible parties contributed additional funding for the
effort. The land use plan identified reuse scenarios for three priority site areas: the Aberjona Auto Parts property, the city
of Woburn property and the W.R. Grace property. The reuse scenario for the Aberjona Auto Parts property focused on an
ice arena for local hockey leagues, where construction of the Holland Arena was completed in 2008. The property owner
also leases parts of the property to small businesses. The reuse scenario for the city of Woburn property identified public
open space and passive recreation, where the Aberjona Nature Trail was constructed along the Aberjona River and
opened to the public in 2017. The W.R. Grace property commercial/hotel reuse plan, where Madison Woburn Holdings
LLC purchased the property in 2014, opened with its first restaurant in 2016. Three years later, two more restaurants,
a 110 Grill and Chick-Fil-A, and two hotels, a Homewood Suites and Hampton Inn, opened in 2019. Also, the UniFirst
property completed installation of a rooftop solar array on their commercial building in 2021. At full capactigy, the
rooftop array generates 310 kilowatts of energy.

Figure 90. New development at the Wells G&H site
(Massachusetts).

Federal Facility Sites

Fort Devens

The 9,000-acre Fort Devens Superfund site, once a military
base with extensive contamination, is now part of a large-
scale redevelopment effort in central Massachusetts. Soil and
groundwater contamination resulted from military activities at
the site that started in 1917. In 1989, EPA added the site to the
National Priorities List (NPL). Of the 324 sites initially identified
by the U.S. Army, 54 required further investigation. Most of these
areas require no further action or have cleanup plans in place.
Some cleanup activities and investigations are ongoing.

in 1994, the towns of Ayer, Harvard, Lancaster and Shirley,
together with redevelopment authority MassDevelopment,
developed the "Devens Reuse Plan". The Plan devoted
more than a third of Devens' land area to open spaces and
recreational areas. MassDevelopment has brought warehouses
and distribution centers, manufacturing and industrial space, and

Figure 91. The Bill Ashe Visitor Facility at the Fort Devens site
(Massachusetts).

research and development facilities to the site. Several

EPA REGION 1

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federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Labor, and the U.S. Department
of Defense, have put almost 600 acres of the site back into beneficial use. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service used
another 836 acres of the site to expand the Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge. The site also includes a Native American
cultural center and residential properties, as well as the Shirley Meadows affordable apartments for seniors with
supportive service for aging, which opened in 2020. While cleanup and investigations are ongoing, the successful
partnership between EPA, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Army, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and
MassDevelopment has contributed to increased employment opportunities as well as increased revenue for the local
community. In 2021, two major developments are underway including $500 million 45-acre bio-manufacturing campus
and $300 million 47-acre fusion energy research and manufacturing facility.

CC Historically we have had many technologies that change the world start in

Massachusetts, and when Commonwealth Fusion Systems does it by bringing fusion energy technology to
life we will be able to say they did it at their first-of-its-kind campus in Devens."

- Dan Rivera, President and CEO, MassDevelopment

Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex

The 2,750-acre Fort Devens Sudbury Training Annex
Superfund site is a former U.S. Army military installation.
The site covers about four square miles and includes
portions of the towns of Maynard, Stow, Hudson and
Sudbury, Massachusetts. Established in 1942, the
installation served as an ammunition depot, ordnance test
station, troop training and research area, and laboratory
disposal area. EPA identified contamination from use of
pesticides and other chemicals on parts of the site.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL)

in 1990. The U.S. Army worked with EPA to remove Fi^ure 92 The Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge at the Fort

, ., ., . .,. Devens Sudbury Training Annex site (Massachusetts).

contaminated soil, cover an on-site landfill with a

cap, remove underground storage tanks, and monitor

groundwater. EPA removed the site from the NPL in 2001; in 2017, Army began investigating a preliminary assessment for
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Fieldwork for a follow-up PFAS investigations is planned for late 2022. Several
entities own parts of the site.

In 2000, the U.S. Army transferred 2,230 acres of the site to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It established the Assabet
River National Wildlife Refuge on the land. In 2005, the Service finished walking trails in the refuge. In 2008, it finished
restoring Russell Bridge. In 2010, a visitor center and other park amenities opened at the refuge. The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service used green building techniques for the visitor center, which includes a geothermal heating system and
solar panels. The refuge provides recreation opportunities, including hiking, canoeing, guided tours of the military
bunkers on site, hunting and fishing.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's plans for the refuge include educational demonstration areas, restoration of on-site
bunkers, an urban education area and a rail-to-trail project for the abandoned railroad on the south side of the refuge.
The refuge receives about 75,000 visitors annually. In 2002, the U.S. Army transferred four acres to the U.S. Air Force. It
uses the area for operation of a radar and weather station, in 2003, the U.S. Army transferred about 72 acres of the site
to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It uses the land for its operations and training missions and has cleared 6
acres for use as a temporary antenna field.

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Hanscom Field/Hanscom Air Force Base

The 1,120-acre Hanscom Field/Hanscom Air Force Base
(AFB) Superfund site is located in an industrial area
of eastern Massachusetts. The site is in the towns of
Bedford, Concord, Lexington and Lincoln. In 1942, the
commonwealth of Massachusetts leased the Bedford
airport to the War Department for use by the Army
Air Forces. In February 1943, the airport was renamed
Laurence G. Hanscom Field. Military flight operations at
the site ended in 1973. In August 1974, the U.S. Air Force
terminated its lease of the airfield portion of Hanscom
Field, which reverted to state control, but retained the
right to use the field. Military use of the site resulted
in contamination of groundwater and subsurface soil
with chlorinated solvents, jet fuel and other petroleum
compounds. Site investigations identified 22 possible
sources, including former fire training, disposal,
underground storage tank and other spill sites.

Under state oversight before the site's National Priorities List (NPL) listing in 1994, the Air Force completed interim
remedial actions, including excavation of contaminated soil and underground storage tanks, and installation of a
groundwater extraction and treatment system. The Air Force's cleanup plans, which are overseen by EPA, as documented
in four Records of Decision issued between 2000 and 2007, includes continued operation of the groundwater treatment
system, land use controls, and monitoring of groundwater and surface water. Some site investigations, including for per-
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are ongoing. Today, the Massachusetts Port Authority operates L.G. Hanscom Field
as a civilian airport. Hanscom AFB, an active U.S. Air Force installation, operates nearby.

Materials Technology Laboratory (USARMY)

The 48-acre Materials Technology Laboratory (USARMY)

Superfund site, better known as the Arsenal, is located in
Watertown, Massachusetts. In 1816, the U.S. Army began
operations at the site; 10,000 people worked on the site
by the end of World War il. The Army used the site for a
variety of military- and war-related activities, including
weapons and ammunition manufacturing and storage. In
the 1960s, the U.S. Army used the site for nuclear reactor
and molecular and atomic structure research activities.

Wastes generated by the facility contaminated soil and
groundwater at several areas across the site.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. Cleanup removed contamination and demolished an
on-site nuclear reactor. From 1996 to 2005, the Watertown Arsenal Development Corporation (WADC) helped redevelop
30 acres of the site. Harvard University bought the area and built a mixed-use complex called Arsenal on the Charles,
which incorporates the style and architecture of the original brick buildings in the area. The complex includes stores,
restaurants, a child-care facility, a fitness center, corporate offices and other businesses. The Arsenai Center for the Arts,
also in the complex, is an important cultural asset in the community; it has a theater, gallery space, artists' studios, and
other resources and services. The Commander's Mansion, a historic landmark, occupies a 7.2-acre area of the site; it
provides space for meetings and formal functions. The popular Squibnocket Park is located on an 11-acre parcel along
the Charles River; it provides biking and walking trails, as well as access to the Watertown Yacht Club, a privately owned
marina since 1940. The U.S. Army restored wetlands along the Charles River. EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 2006;
some cleanup activities are still ongoing.

Figure 93. Aerial view of the Hanscom Field/Hanscom Air Force Base
site (Massachusetts). Sources: Imagery ©2022 Google, Imagery
©2022 CNES/Airbus, MassGIS, Commonwealth of Massachusetts
EOEA, Maxar Technologies, USDA/FPAC/GEO, Map data ©2022.

Figure 94. The mixed-use complex at the Materials Technology
Laboratory (USARMY) site (Massachusetts).

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Natick Laboratory Army Research, Development, and
Engineering Center

The 78-acre former Natick Laboratory Arrny Research,

Development, arid Engineering Center Superfund site in Natick,

Massachusetts, is now known as the U.S. Army Soldier Systems
Center (SSC). The site occupies a peninsula on the eastern shore of
Lake Cochituate State Park and Recreation Area. The U.S. Army built
the Natick Laboratory in 1954. The U.S. Army conducted research
and development activities on site. These activities contaminated
soil, groundwater and surface water with hazardous chemicals. In
1989, personnel at the facility noticed a sheen on water running
off the site during rainstorms. Construction workers also noticed
a benzene-like odor in soil on site. The U.S. Army conducted soil
gas surveys and detected several volatile organic compounds.

Soil, groundwater and surface waste sampling aiso showed
contamination.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. Cleanup activities included groundwater containment,
treatment and monitoring, soil excavation and removal, and sediment removal. Treated groundwater is reused as non-
drinkable water for irrigation and toilets. The SSC still operates a U.S. Army research and testing facility on site. The
facility researches, develops and manages food, clothing, shelters, airdrop systems and soldier support items. The facility
currently employs about 1,000 people.

Figure 95. The Natick Laboratory Army Research,
Development, and Engineering Center site
(Massachusetts).

Joint Base Cape Cod (Otis Air National Guard Base/Camp Edwards)

The 22,000-acre Otis Air National Guard Base/Camp Edwards
Superfund site is located on western Cape Cod in Barnstable
County, Massachusetts. Also known as Joint Base Cape Cod
(JBCC) (formerly known as Massachusetts Military Reservation
until July 13, 2013), the site lies about 60 miles south of Boston
and is immediately southeast of the Cape Cod Canal. Since its
establishment in 1935, JBCC's primary mission has been to
provide training and housing to U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army units.
Historical chemical and fuel spills, fire training activities, and
sewage treatment plant, landfill and drainage structure operations
contaminated site soil and groundwater. Investigations in 1983
and 1984 found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in on-site and
nearby monitoring wells, as well as in several hundred private wells.
Other site contaminants include heavy metals.

EPA listed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in November
1989. EPA documented the site cleanup plan in over 15 Records
of Decision. Cleanup activities include installation of water
supply lines to affected residents, installation of municipal water
supply well treatment systems, treatment of 100,000 tons of
soil, and construction and operation of many on-site and off-site
groundwater treatment plants. Groundwater treatment systems
currently operate on eight groundwater plumes. EPA has completed
cleanups at 25 source areas. Cleanup of a few former plumes
have been completed. Air Force has taken actions to address
immediate risks from per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in

Figure 96. One of three 1.5-megawatt turbines used to
offset electrical costs for powering multiple groundwater
cleanup systems at the JBCC site (Massachusetts).

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groundwater by providing bottled water, in-house drinking water treatment units, wellhead treatment, and connection
of homes to public water supply. Investigations of PFAS and former military munitions sites are ongoing as long-term
cleanup of contamination groundwater plumes continue.

The Barnstable County Correctional Facility, a jail with capacity for about 580 inmates, began operating on site in 2004.
The Air Force installed three 1.5-megawatt wind turbines - one in 2009 and two in 2011 - to offset electrical costs for
groundwater cleanup systems at the site. The Air Force estimates that the wind energy saves about $1.5 million a year
in electricity costs. EPA's plans enabled continued site operations during cleanup. Today, five major organizations use the
site: 1) the Massachusetts Air National Guard (ANG) operates Camp Edwards; 2) the ANG/Massachusetts ANG operates
Otis ANG Base; 3) the U.S. Air Force operates the Cape Cod Air Force Station; 4) the U.S. Coast Guard operates Air Station
Cape Cod; and 5) the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs operates the Massachusetts National Cemetery.

South Weymouth Naval Air Station

The South Weymouth Naval Air Station consists of 1,442
acres in the towns of Weymouth, Abington and Rockland
Massachusetts. Military operations at the site included
aviation training, aircraft maintenance and refueling,
personnel training, housing and administrative support
services. Waste disposal activities also took place at the
site. Sampling confirmed on-site contamination in 1991.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1994. The base closed under the Base Realignment and
Closure Act (BRAC) and cleanup began in 1997. Cleanup
activities included soil covers, removals, groundwater
treatment and land use restrictions. Additional cleanups
and investigations, including for per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS), are ongoing by the Navy with EPA
oversight. The local reuse authority, the National
Park Service, U.S. Coast Guard and the Federal Aviation Administration have received over 1,300 acres of the site.
Redevelopment efforts are ongoing, with over 1,200 residences and a 25-acre athletic complex currently located on site.
Current mixed-use zoning allows for up to 6 million square feet of commercial space and nearly 4,000 residences along
with approximately 1,000 acres of open space.

Other Cleanup Sites
31 Water Street

The half-acre 31 Water Street site is located next to the
Back and Powwow rivers in Amesbury, Massachusetts.

Several industrial operations in the Lower Millyard
contaminated site soils and surrounding surface waters.

The city of Amesbury discovered the contamination during
initial revitalization efforts for the historic Amesbury
Wharf building area, where the site is located. EPA's
Superfund removal program committed $1.2 million to
remove contaminated soil from the site and stabilize
the riverbanks. EPA dug up 1,400 tons of contaminated
soil and disposed of it off site. EPA also stabilized the
riverbanks with 400 feet of sheet pile wall, EPA completed

Figure 97. The Union Point development at the South Weymouth
Naval Air Station site (Massachusetts). Photo used with permission
of LSTAR Ventures.

Figure 98. Plaza and fountain at Heritage Park on the 31 Water
Street site (Massachusetts).

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cleanup actions in July 2015. The site, part of the community's Lower Millyard Project, is now home to Heritage Park.
Funding from the commonwealth of Massachusetts and EPA's Superfund removal program facilitated the site's cleanup
and redevelopment. The park provides residents and visitors with a recreation resource next to the Powwow River. A
bandstand and river walk will soon be added to the park. The Amesbury Riverwalk, a 1.3-mile walking and biking trail,
runs next to the site. At a ceremony marking the completion of the Lower Millyard Project, Amesbury's mayor issued a
proclamation thanking EPA for its assistance.

Flynntan Tannery Site

The Flynntan Tannery site is located in Salem, Massachusetts. A leather tannery operated on site. EPA worked to clean up
the site after the tannery's closure. A real estate developer bought the site property and has begun redeveloping it with
housing units and commercial space.

Former Bendix Property

The 17.5-acre Former Bendix Property site is located
in Greenfield, Massachusetts. A metalworking facility
that made drill bits, taps and dies was located on site. A
94,000-square-foot, single-story building sat vacant for
about 10 years and deteriorated. Openings in the roof
allowed in rain and snow. The rain and snow damaged the
heat and water piping, which was wrapped with asbestos-
containing insulation wrap. Chromium-containing powder
was present in and around the building. EPA removed
contaminated materials and devices as well as chromium-
containing powder, capacitors and contaminated water,
and transported them to approved facilities. A metal tank
and bin production company from Holyoke, Massachusetts, Figure 99. Viewof the former Bendix Property site (Massachusetts).
is interested in buying the site property to enlarge its
operations.

Former Lawrence Metals

The Former Lawrence Metals site is located in Chelsea,

Massachusetts. From the iate nineteenth century until
1974, when a fire destroyed the building, owner operators
used the site property for textile production, barrel
cleaning and painting. From 1979 to 1986, operators
used the property for warehouse space. In 1986, the
Lawrence Metals Forming Company began operating
on site. Its operations resulted in the contamination
of soil and site materials. In 1999, the city of Chelsea
acquired the site property under an Urban Renewal Pian.

The city demolished the site building in 2000. EPA, the
city and state agencies coordinated cleanup, including
the excavation of contaminated soil. The project was
particularly challenging because of its proximity to a school
and a city swimming pool. An upscale, extended-stay hotel

is now located on site. The hotel includes 2,200 square feet of flexible meeting space that can accommodate more than
200 guests for corporate functions and special events. The property also has an indoor heated saltwater pool and a state-
of-the-art fitness center. In totai, the developer invested over $30 million to transform the site.

Figure 100. The hotel on the Former Lawrence Metals site
(Massachusetts).

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GE - Pittsfield/Housatonic River

The GE-Pittsfield/Housatonic River site includes a 254-
acre former manufacturing facility, filled river oxbows,
neighboring commercial properties, the Allendale School,

Silver Lake, the Housatonic River, floodplains and other
areas. The site contains contamination released from
the General Electric Company (GE) facility in Pittsfieid,

Massachusetts. A revised cleanup decision in the form
of a Revised Corrective Action Permit for portions of the
Housatonic River was issued in December 2020. This permit
is currently under appeal. A Consent Decree entered in
federal court in 2000 outlined the cleanup of all other
areas of the site. All 20 cleanup actions outside the river
are now complete. Cleanup of 2 miles of the Housatonic
River is aiso already complete.

As part of ongoing cleanup activities, the community prioritized the reuse of the former GE facility, located in the heart of
downtown Pittsfieid. Funded by a Superfund Redevelopment pilot grant from EPA, the Pittsfieid Economic Development
Authority (PEDA) developed a reuse plan. The plan outlined opportunities for sports fields and an office park. In 2004, GE
built a 3-acre recreational facility on site for the community. The facility includes a baseball diamond, soccer field, jogging
track, equipment storage, fencing and lighting. Between 2005 and 2012, PEDA received ownership of 50 acres at the
site for the development of the William Stanley Business Park. The facility provides commercial and industrial space for
area businesses. The park's first tenant, a financial services company, built a 170,000-square-foot building that opened in
2012. Western Massachusetts Electric Company installed an 8-acre solar power facility in 2010, using 2 acres of the site
and 6 acres of an adjacent property, which generates 1.8 megawatts of electricity.

In 2012 and 2013, a 26 acre lake and associated banks and floodplain were remediated. The bank/floodplain
remediation including the construction of walking path, benches and the extensive planting of native trees and
shrubs. In 2014, PEDA received a $9 million state grant to design and build the Berkshire Innovation Center (BIC). The
BIC facility opened for business in February 2020. The facility supports shared research, early-stage production and
commercialization, and workforce training for life science companies and related businesses. Announced in 2022, the
BIC will receive an additional $1M from American Rescue Plan Act for establishing a manufacturing academy to spur
economic growth and jobs. Two large employers continue to operate on the GE-owned portion of the 254-acre facility.
Continued uses on the non-GE owned portion of the site (excluding the Rest of River) include an elementary school,
about 86 residential properties, about 35 commercial properties and a city park.

Intervale Street

The Intervale site is located in Quincy, Massachusetts. A
metals recycling business operated on site. Sampling in
2012 detected polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, arsenic and
chromium in site soils. EPA removed about 4,400 tons of
contaminated soil in 2014 and 2015. The city of Quincy will
offer the site property for sale after completion of EPA's
cleanup activities.

King Philip Mills

The King Philip Mills site is located in Fall River, Massachusetts. A cotton mili was built on site between 1871 and 1892.
EPA identified drums, containers and cylinders at the site. In November 2014, EPA completed a time-critical removal
action to remove contaminated drums and containers as well as asbestos-containing material. EPA completed a second
time-critical removal action in March 2017 to remove polychlorinated biphenyl oils from contaminated materials. In June
2017, a developer bought the site property at auction. The developer plans to create about 90 upscale residential units
and open space with public access along Cook Pond.

Figure 101. Berkshire Innovation Center opened in 2020 at the GE
Pittsfield/Housatonic River site (Massachusetts).

Figure 102. Cleanup activities at the Intervale site (Massachusetts).

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Parsons Paper Mill

The 4.6-acre Parsons Paper site is located in Holyoke,
Massachusetts. From 1896 to 2004, operators made writing and
stationary paper as well as artist paper and archival paper for
the art and framing industries on site. In 2008, a fire destroyed
about 50% of the mill. The fire also damaged remaining parts
of the interconnected building complex. In 2009, EPA sampling
identified asbestos in the burned areas. Sources of asbestos
includes asphalt shingles, window glazing and caulking, tank and
pipe insulation, transite siding, cements and mastics, and floor
tiles. In 2009 and 2010, EPA removed hazardous materials and
asbestos that posed a threat to public health. In 2016, Aegis, a
combined heat and power systems manufacturer, partnered with
the Holyoke Redevelopment Authority to expand its adjacent
business operations onto the site. Aegis restored the remaining
40,000-square-foot building on site to accommodate the
company's headquarters and expand production space. Aegis also
constructed a new parking lot and a 4-megawatt, gridconnected
solar array.

Figure 103. View of the Parsons Paper Mill site (Massachusetts)
prior to demolition.

Pea body Street Asbestos

The Peabody Street Asbestos site is located in Salem,
Massachusetts. The city of Salem identified asbestos during
construction of a park in the downtown area. EPA excavated
contaminated soil because of the urban setting and because
the city and state did not have funds for the excavation. EPA
recovered most expenses from the polluter. The city resumed
construction of the park after EPA completed the excavation.
Completed in 2010, the Peabody Street Park/Harborwalk
serves as a gateway to the city of Salem's harbor. The park
includes a playground, a canopy area, and seating for outdoor
entertainment as weli as game tables, benches and landscaping.

Universal Steel & Trading Corporation

The 1.2-acre Former Universal Steel site is located in Salem,
Massachusetts. From 1936 to 1998, metal recycling and
reclamation activities took place on the site property. Activities
included processing scrap metals and demolition debris,
dismantling and processing transformers, and stockpiling
automotive batteries. These activities contaminated site soil.
EPA, the city of Salem, MassDevelopment and the MassDEP
worked together to clean up the site. Cleanup activities included
excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soil and debris,
collection and disposal of lubrication oil, asbestos removal, and
building demolition. FW Webb, a plumbing supply company, is
buying the site property. FW Webb plans to use the property
for parking, loading and storage as part of an 8,000-square-foot
addition to an existing facility next door.

Figure 104. The Peabody Street Park/Harborwalk at the
Peabody Street Asbestos site (Massachusetts).

Figure 105. Parking and warehouse facilities at the Universal
Steel & Trading Corporation site (Massachusetts).

76

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NEW HAMPSHIRE REUSE

SUMMARY PROFILES

National Priorities List Sites

Auburn Road Landfill

The 200-acre Auburn Road Landfill Superfund site is
located in Londonderry, New Hampshire. The site includes
three separate disposal areas that cover about 12 acres. A
disposal area for chemical wastes, tires, demolition debris
and solid waste operated on site from the 1960s to 1980.
The state of New Hampshire found contamination in soil,
groundwater and surface water and ordered the landfill's
closure in 1980.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 1983. Cleanup activities included capping and fencing
of contaminated areas as well as extension of the public
water supply to nearby residents. Groundwater sampling Figure 106. Model airplane flying field at the Auburn Road Landfill

is ongoing. Parts of the site are now in recreational and s'te (New Hampshire).

residential reuse. A model airplane flying field opened

on site in 2008. This recreational reuse was the result of collaboration among EPA, the New Hampshire Flying Tigers
Academy of Model Aeronautics club and the town of Londonderry. Part of the Whispering Pines Mobile Home Park is
located on the northern part of the site.

Most recently, on May 11, 2021, the Town of Londonderry requested EPA's approval to start the construction of a radio
transmission tower on the Site for the purpose of improving transmission of the radio signals used by the Town's Fire,
Police, and Public Works Departments. EPA in consultation with NHDES approved the construction and it is anticipated to
begin in summer 2021.

Beede Waste Oil

Based on community input, the Beede Waste Oil site,
located in Plaistow, New Hampshire, will be put back into
residential and recreational reuse. The 40-acre site is
comprised of two parcels of land. The former commercial
waste oil reclamation and asphalt batching operations
were located on what is referred to as Parcel 1. Parcel 2 is
primarily undeveloped land. In the fall of 1983, chemical
contamination was discovered in a residential well near
the site. About 100 aboveground storage tanks and 800
drums were located on the site. EPA added the site to
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996. EPA completed
a Non-Time Critical Removal Action (NTCRA) in 2005 to
address the 4 acre mobile oil plume found under the
former lagoon, tank storage and landfill area of the Site.
On-site soil is contaminated primarily with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and lead from aboveground storage tanks

Figure 107. A tree removal for construction of the on-site treatment
plant opened an area for pollinator and other wildlife habitat at the
Beede Waste Oil site (New Hampshire).

drums. Phases 1 and 2 were successfully implemented

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which treated deeper soils to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with the residual oils. VOCs
and 1,4-dioxane and metals are in groundwater on site and were found in adjacent residential supply wells. Per- and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have also been identified in site groundwater. In September 2002, the town received
a Superfund Redevelopment Program pilot reuse grant from EPA to further evaluate future land use options. A cleanup
remedy was selected in 2004. The remedy included excavation, off-site disposal and/or treatment of contaminated
soils via thermal steam-enhanced extraction and restoration of excavated areas. It also included pumping and treating
contaminated groundwater on-site, and long-term monitoring of surface water, sediment, and groundwater. The reuse
planning process under the Superfund Redevelopment pilot outlined a reuse strategy for the site which could include
senior housing, active and passive recreation, and a multi-purpose community center. No formal reuse plans have been
made. In the meantime, a habitat area is maintained where tree removal took place to construct the on-site treatment
plant providing habitat for local pollinators and wildlife.

Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage

The Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage Superfund site is
located in Milford, New Hampshire. A paint manufacturing
plant and retail outlet operated on site from 1949 to 1991.

In 1982, the New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services (NHDES) inspected the facility. NHDES found
leaking and open drums on site. NHDES aiso found site-
related contamination in the Keyes Municipal Water Supply
Well next to the site.

EPA placed the 2-acre area on the National Priorities
List (NPL) in 1989. Past cleanup efforts include building
demolition, drum removal, fencing, temporary cover
installation, removal of contaminated soil from residential properties, and placement of a temporary liner and gravel
cover over highly contaminated areas. In 1996, at the request of the town of Milford, the potentially responsible
party removed soil with low levels of contamination from the Elm Street area of the site to allow for reuse. In 2017,
construction activities were completed, which included the Mill Street area soil excavation, backfilling of the area with
clean soil and a grass cover, and relocation of part of Mill Street for better local traffic management. Construction
activities at the Elm Street area include soil excavation, an engineered soils and grass cover permitting recreational use,
and an asphalt cover over select areas providing the town with additional parking for nearby Keyes Recreational Field.
The Elm Street area is now used as a public park and includes a stone bandstand. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing.

Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp.

The 9-acre Kearsarge Metallurgical Corporation (KMC)

Superfund site is located in Conway, New Hampshire, on
the north shore of Pequawket Pond. From the mid-1960s
through the early 1980s, KMC made stainless steel castings
on site. The manufacturing process created waste casting
sands, wax and solvents. KMC dumped these wastes in
a wooded wetland east of the facility. When operations
ceased, the New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services (NHDES) and EPA found a waste pile, soils and
groundwater contaminated with solvents.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
September 1984. Cleanup began in 1992, and included

removal of 13,620 tons of contaminated soils and construction of a groundwater treatment plant. During 12 years of
operation, the plant treated over 250 million gallons of water and removed more than 225 pounds of contaminants.

Figure 108. Recreational trails and open space at Keyes Memorial
Park on the Fletcher's Paint Works & Storage site (New Hampshire).

Figure 109. The Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp. site's former
groundwater treatment building is now home to an automobile
workshop (New Hampshire).

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in 2012, the town sold the site property at auction to help invigorate the surrounding industrial park. EPA and NHDES
addressed remaining groundwater contamination with a soil treatment remedy in 2015. A towing company, a heating
business, and a farm equipment and diesel truck repair facility are currently located in the former groundwater
treatment plant and part of the original KMC building. Ecological reuse includes forested wetlands that provide ecological
habitat along the northern bank of Pequawket Pond.

Ottati & Goss/Kingston Steel Drum

The 35-acre Ottati & Goss/Kingston Steel Drum Superfund
site is located in Kingston, New Hampshire. The site
includes a 6-acre parcel, known as the Great Lakes
Corporation area, and a 1-acre parcel, known as the Ottati
& Goss area. From the late 1950s through 1980, various
owners reconditioned steel drums on the Great Lakes
Corporation area. Runoff and seepage from this area into
nearby surface water killed fish and aquatic vegetation.

From 1978 through 1979, site operators processed waste
at the Ottati & Goss area. Activities contaminated soil,
groundwater and surface water. After operations ended
in 1979, the New Hampshire Bureau of Solid Waste
Management prohibited site operators from restarting operations. The Bureau ordered the removal of thousands of
deteriorating and leaking drums from the site.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup activities included removal of leaking drums and
thousands of tons of soil and debris, excavation and on-site treatment of soil and sediment using thermal desorption,
groundwater and soil treatment using in-place chemical oxidation, and wetland restoration for ecological reuse. Wetland
restoration included the placement of over 20,000 cubic yards of manufactured wetland material and the planting of
more than 1,000 trees and shrubs.

Savage Municipal Water Supply

The Savage Municipal Water Supply Superfund site is
in Milford, New Hampshire. From the 1940s until the
1980s, four industrial facilities west of a municipal well
released untreated process waters and wastes into the
groundwater and surface water. In February 1983, during
routine sampling, the New Hampshire Water Supply
and Pollution Control Commission found groundwater
contamination above drinking water standards in the
municipal well. It was immediately closed. EPA added the
site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. EPA, the
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
(NHDES) and the potentially responsible parties worked
together to clean up the site. Cleanup included pumping
and treating groundwater on site, installing a slurry wall to
isolate groundwater contamination, and extracting harmful
vapors from soil. It also included institutional controls to prohibit the use of contaminated groundwater and to protect
occupants of new buildings from vapor intrusion in some areas of the site. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Current
site uses include residential, agricultural, industrial and commercial areas. There are also recreational uses, including a
baseball diamond, and areas that people use for hiking and hunting.

Figure 110. View of the Ottati & Goss/Kingston Steel Drum site (New
Hampshire),

Figure 111. Recreational facilities include a baseball diamond
and open space at the Savage Municipal Water Supply site (New
Hampshire).

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Somersworth Sanitary Landfill

The 26-acre Somersworth Sanitary Landfill Superfund site is located
in Somersworth, New Hampshire. The city of Somersworth operated
a waste disposal area at the site from the mid-1950s until 1981. The
city burned residential, commercial and industrial wastes at the site.
In 1958, the city stopped burning waste and converted the area into a
landfill. Improper disposal practices contaminated site soii, sediment
and groundwater.

Figure 112. A 10-acre recreational area, including a
basketball court, are located on 'the Somersworth Sanitary
Landfill site (New Hampshire).

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List {NPL) in 1983.

Cleanup included groundwater containment and treatment, a
landfill cover, and gas venting, as well as land and groundwater use
restrictions. Prior to the site's listing on the NPL, the city covered
a 10-acre portion of the site with clean fill for use as a recreation

area. This area now includes a basketball court and is still available for passive recreation, such as walking. Part of the
site not developed as it contains the former landfill and wetlands downgradient from the former landfill. In 2013, EPA
presented the city with an initial assessment of renewable energy opportunities for the site.

South Municipal Water Supply Well

The 250-acre South Municipal Water Supply Well Superfund site
is located in the Contoocook River Valley in Peterborough, New
Hampshire. Installed in 1952, the South Municipal Water Supply Well
provided water to Peterborough for nearly 30 years. In 1982, testing
by the state of New Hampshire revealed contaminants in the water,
which resulted in the closing of the well. Investigations found that the
nearby New Hampshire Ball Bearings facility was the source of the
contamination. The facility has manufactured precision ball bearings
since 1956. Activities at the facility contaminated soil, groundwater,
wetland sediments and surface water.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Initial cleanup activities included groundwater and soil
treatment, off-site disposal of contaminated sediments, and wetland restoration. Later, EPA determined that restoration
of some of the contaminated groundwater at the site was not possible. EPA updated the remedy to contain the
groundwater instead of treating it. In 2008, EPA found that the site remedy was not functioning as intended. EPA updated
the cleanup plan in 2010 to change source control and migration management activities. New Hampshire Ball Bearings
completed a below-ground wall to clean up contaminated groundwater in 2014. In-place thermal treatment of an on-site
source area finished in 2016. Current site uses include the 24-acre active New Hampshire Ball Bearings manufacturing
plant, commercial and residential properties, part of U.S. Route 202, and wetlands.

Figure 113. The groundwater treatment facility at the South
Municipal Water Supply Well site (New Hampshire).

Tinkham Garage

The 375-acre Tinkham Garage Superfund site is located in
Londonderry, New Hampshire. On one end of the site, solvents
and other hazardous substances were discharged behind a garage
during the late 1970s. On another part of the site, petroleum,
solvents and wash waters were discharged into the leach fields of
the Woodland Village Condominium complex. In 1978, residents
complained of foam and odors in a small unnamed stream
that runs through the site and discharges through the nearby
neighborhood. Investigators found impacted public and private
water supply wells as well as soil and groundwater contamination. Figure 114. Commercial reuse at the Tinkham Garage site

(New Hampshire).

In 1983, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL).

Cleanup activities included groundwater and soil treatment, extension of the public water line to the condominium

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complex and nearby houses as well as sewer lines, and groundwater monitoring. Groundwater monitoring, construction
of additional water line extensions to residents, and additional source area, residential water supply well and bedrock
investigations are ongoing. During cleanup, EPA provided information to interested parties about reuse considerations for
the site.

Today, a shopping complex with a Home Depot, Staples and Dunkin' Donuts occupies the northeast area of the site. The
Woodland Village Condominium complex and several single-family homes remain on the northern part of the site. The
Nevins Retirement Cooperative Association completed construction of over 125 residences on the central part of the
site. These residences are part of a senior housing development. Site redevelopment has increased property values in
Londonderry, increased economic activity at the site has also encouraged local infrastructure improvements.

Town Garage/Radio Beacon

The Town Garage/Radio Beacon Superfund site is located
in Londonderry, New Hampshire. The U.S. Department of
Defense owned part of the site from the early 1940s until
1968 and operated a radio beacon there during World War
ii. Afterwards, the site contained a series of residential weils
and one commercial well. A 1984 state inspection found
groundwater contamination in many of the wells. In the late
1980s, owners of six residences affected by groundwater
contamination in wells chose to connect to the local public
water supply. As a precaution, several other residences have
since connected to the public water supply.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (N PL) in Figure 115. Aerial view of the Town Garage/Radio Beacon site

restrictions to prevent groundwater use for household
purposes. The success of EPA's cleanup plan allowed for

site reuse. Today, the site includes two residential developments, a garage operated by the Londonderry Department
of Public Works and a wetland area. The Holton Circle development includes about 25 homes and the Saddlebrook
development includes 20 new homes. In 2014, EPA took the site off the NPL.

Troy Mills Landfill

The Troy Mills Landfill Superfund site is part of a larger 270-
acre parcel in Troy, New Hampshire. From 1967 until 1978,

Troy Mills used the property to dispose of solid waste and
hazardous materials generated by its manufacturing plant.

In 1978, the state of New Hampshire ordered the company
to stop these disposal practices. During the 1980s and
1990s, environmental investigations confirmed on-site soil,
groundwater, surface water and sediment contamination.

Troy Mills filed for bankruptcy in 2001.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 2003. Cleanup actions included installing a system
to collect hazardous materials from the groundwater.

Cleanup also included removal of drums containing
flammable liquid waste, waste sludge and contaminated soil. After removing contaminated soil, EPA backfilled excavated
areas and capped them. In 2005, EPA supported community efforts to identify reuse options for the site. The community

Figure 116. Plans are in development to reuse open space areas for
recreational uses at the Troy Mills Landfill site (New Hampshire).

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expressed interest in a recreation area. Today, a trail network forms part of the 42-mile Cheshire Branch Rail Trail system
running adjacent to the site. Future recreation opportunities at the site could include hiking, horseback riding, mountain
biking and cross-country skiing.

Reuse of the site, and an adjacent solid waste landfill managed by NHDES, as a potential solar co-generation facility is
being explored by EPA and NHDES. Also, the Appalachian Mountain Club has expressed interest in re-routing an existing
recreational rail trail through a portion of the 270-acre parcel.

Federal Facility Sites
Pease Air Force Base

The 4,000-acre former Pease Air Force Base is located in
Rockingham County in the city of Portsmouth and the town of
Newington, New Hampshire. From the 1950s until 1991, the
U.S. Air Force (Air Force) used the facility to maintain military
aircraft. Aircraft maintenance operations contaminated soil and
groundwater with solvents and fuel.

EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. The
Air Force continues to conduct investigations and is also operating
two treatment systems for contaminated groundwater. In 1992, the
Air Force transferred 1,702 acres of the site to the local government
for use as a public airport. The Air Force kept 229 acres for
the New Hampshire Air National Guard. The New Hampshire
Department of Transportation leased 20 acres for a highway
expansion project.

The Air Force also transferred 1,054 acres to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for creation of the Great Bay National
Wildlife Refuge. The refuge is a designated National Estuarine Research Reserve that supports ecological reuse,
recreation, scientific study, and a community wildlife garden, in 1997, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service received
another 1,300 acres from the Air Force. In 2000, the Pease Development Authority completed the Pease International
Tradeport. in 2005, the Air Force transferred the remaining 268 acres of the site to the Pease Development Authority.
Redevelopment of this area is ongoing. In 2015, EPA issued an Administrative Order to the U.S. Air Force under the
Safe Drinking Water Act requiring the design and construction of two treatment systems to address groundwater
contamination that impacted and threatened public and private well drinking water supplieswhile also expediting the
investigation and cleanup of the emerging contaminants perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic
acid (PFOS) in the aquifer. Both groundwater treatment systems are operational and removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS) from extracted groundwater. The Air Force aiso financed a new drinking water treatment facility
designed and constructed by the City of Portsmouth to treat PFAS-contaminated drinking water from the three Pease
Tradeport supply wells. In early 2021, the Air Force began the remedial investigation under Superfund to determine the
full nature and extent of these emerging contaminants in the Pease environment. Results of the remedial investigation
(Rl) will be used to assess potential remedial options that are required to address any unacceptable risks posed to human
health and the environment. The assessment of remedial options will be detailed in a future feasibility study (FS).

The Pease Internationa! Tradeport is home to over 270 commercial and industrial businesses, education facilities and
government offices. The site also supports Portsmouth International Airport, the New Hampshire Air National Guard and
a golf course.

Figure 117. Entrance to the airport at the Pease Air Force
Base site (New Hampshire).

PORTSMOUTH
INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT

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Other Cleanup Sites

Former Synergy Site

The Former Synergy Site is iocated in Claremont, New Hampshire.
From the turn of the century until the mid-1940s, a manufactured
gas plant operated on site. Operations contaminated soil with
coal tar, a common contaminant of that process. Between 2010
and 2012, investigations identified waste perched on bedrock
that was leaching into the Sugar River. Cleanup activities included
removing structures and soil, stabilization, and capping. Because
of the historical importance of the gas plant to the town's textile
history and EPA's obligations under the Historical Preservation Act,
EPA coordinated with the State Historic Preservation Office during
cleanup activities. A brick-and-concrete structure with informative
plaques now memorializes the site's history. The site is located
near a visitor's center and is part of the community's historic
downtown area. The site is currently a picturesque open space
on the banks of the Sugar River. Looking forward, the town will
consider reuse options for the property.

Figure 118. View across the Sugar River of the Former
Synergy site (New Hampshire).

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RHODE ISLAND REUSE

SUMMARY PROFILES

National Priorities List Sites

Central Landfill

The Central Landfill Superfund site is a 154-acre former
landfill in Johnston, Rhode Island. During the 1970s,
operators disposed of industrial liquid waste in the landfill's
hazardous material disposal area. In 1982, the State
ordered the site owner to close this area. EPA placed the
site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986.

Cleanup activities included construction of a multi-
layer cap, containment and treatment of groundwater,
deed restrictions on groundwater use and land use, and
evaluation of the site's landfill gas collection system. Today,
the site remains in continued use. Central Landfill, which
is owned and operated by the Rhode Island Resource
Recovery Corporation (RIRRC), operates on site. It receives

over 90% of Rhode Island's municipal solid waste. RIRRC leads tours of the landfill and recycling center for community
groups and local schools. The capped portion of the landfill also includes a pollinator garden. Broadrock Renewables, LLC
also owns and operates a facility on site that turns gas collected from the landfill into electricity. The company expanded
the energy-generating facility in stages. The facility currently includes 15 engine generator sets that produce up to 20
megawatts of electricity.

Figure 119. Vegetated landfill cap at the Central Landfill site (Rhode
Island).

Centredale Manor Restoration Project

The Centredale Manor Restoration Project Superfund site
includes a 9-acre property in North Providence, Rhode
Island, and downstream areas. A chemical company
and a drum reconditioning facility operated on site at
different times beginning in the early 1940s. Operations
ended in 1972 when a fire destroyed most of the facility.
Disposal practices included burying waste or releasing
chemicals directly onto the ground or into the river. These
practices resulted in widespread contamination on site
and downstream. Residential development followed
- Brook Village Apartments in 1977 and Centredale
Manor Apartments in 1983. EPA investigations found
contamination in soil, sediment, groundwater, surface
water and animals on site.

Figure 120. View of the Centredale Manor Restoration Project site
(Rhode Island).

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2000. EPA's early actions included capping and fencing the
site, as well as removing some contaminated soil from low-lying residential properties and restoring the Allendale
Dam. The long term cleanup of the site is underway. In 2018, the site's potentially responsible parties began long term
cleanup of the site with oversight from EPA and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. Since
then, PRPs completed a hazardous waste cap in the Source Area on the peninsula, repaired Sluice gate on the Lyman Mill

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Dam to make it operational and has been developing design plans for other areas of the Site. In 2019, EPA's Superfund
Redevelopment Program began supporting a regional seed project at the site to help facilitate reuse discussions among
EPA and local stakeholders and plan for future uses at the site. Today, the Brook Village and Centredale Manor apartment
complexes remain on site. EPA's cleanup approach has been compatible with the site's continued residential use.

Peterson/Puritan, Inc.

The Peterson/Puritan, Inc. Superfund site spans over 500 acres in
Providence County, Rhode Island. In 1959, a plant at the north end of
the site began packaging aerosol consumer products. A rail car accident
and tank spill on the property in 1974 released 6,000 gallons of solvent.

In 1979, the Rhode Island Department of Health found contamination in
groundwater affecting nearby public well fields. Immediate measures were
taken to provide an alternative water supply to the local communities. EPA
determined that the Peterson/Puritan, Inc. facility was the source of the
groundwater contamination.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. In 1990,

EPA divided the site into two cleanup areas, known as operable unit 1
(OU1) and OU2. The cleanup design for OU2, which includes wetlands and
wildlife habitat, began in 2016. For OU1, systems are in place to clean up
contaminated groundwater and soil. Cooperation between EPA, the Rhode
Island Department of Environmental Management and the community
enabled on-site businesses to remain in operation during the cleanup.

Megawatt Energy Solutions installed over 2,000 solar panels on the roof
of a warehouse building on site in 2014. The solar array produces about

650,000 kilowatts of electricity per year. The warehouse owner also installed a similar system on a second building at
the site. The state of Rhode Island and the municipality also completed redevelopment projects on site, including a town
dog pound. Other redevelopment in the area includes a riverside park and a bike path along the Blackstone River and
Canal. The Blackstone River remains an important natural, recreational and cultural resource for the region. In 2014,
the area became part of the national park system as the Blackstone River Valley National Historic Park. EPA's Superfund
Redevelopment Program provided support for a regional seed project at the site between 2018 and 2020 to help Region
1 make sure the site's cleanup supports the recreation and cultural heritage goals of area communities.

Figure 121. Blackstone River Bikeway river
crossing at the Peterson/Puritan, Inc. site (Rhode
Island).

Picillo Farm

The 8-acre Picillo Farm Superfund site is located in Coventry, Rhode Island.
During the 1970s, a pig farm operated on site. In 1977, farm owners disposed
of liquid chemical wastes, solid wastes and at least 10,000 drums of hazardous
substances in several unlined trenches. These actions contaminated soil,
surface water and groundwater with chemicals, including industrial solvents,
pesticides, oils and paint sludges. In September 1977, regulatory agencies
discovered the site after an on-site explosion and fire. EPA added the site to
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup actions included removal of
bulk wastes and buried drums, removal and off-site disposal of contaminated
soils, treatment of some soils, groundwater extraction and treatment, surface
drainage controls, fencing and institutional controls. Groundwater monitoring
continues. In 2016, a wind energy developer installed three wind turbines
next to the site. One of the turbines is located within the groundwater
institutional control area. Power generated by the turbines is sold back to the
grid.

Figure 122. One of three wind turbines
located on the groundwater institutional
control area of the Picillo Farm site (Rhode
Island).

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Rose Hill Regional Landfill

The Rose Hill Regional Landfill Superfund site is a former municipal
landfill in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. From 1967 to 1983,
South Kingstown leased the land for use as a domestic and
industrial waste disposal facility. Improper disposal activities
contaminated site groundwater, soils and three nearby private
wells. Runoff contaminated nearby surface water bodies. EPA
discovered the contamination in 1981. In 1983, the facility stopped
operations and the operator graded and seeded the disposal areas.

Figure 123. Aerial view of solar facility at the Rose Hill
Regional Landfill site (Rhode Island). Photo used with
permission of Kearsarge Energy.

In 1989, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL).

Early investigations found landfill gases moving off site toward
nearby homes. Cleanup activities included extending the municipal
water supply to residences with contaminated wells, installing

gas alarms for nearby residences and relocating one residence. Landfill cleanup activities include consolidating landfill
areas, capping the landfill, installing a landfill gas destruction system, monitoring, and restricting groundwater use. EPA
will determine the need for additional cleanup activities based on monitoring. A South Kingston transfer station for
municipal wastes is located on part of the site. Surrounding land uses support a hunting preserve, a bird dog kennel and
field training facilities, and a pet cemetery. The South Kingstown Town Council also authorized development of a solar
photovoltaic energy farm on the property. The 4.7-megawatt solar farm was completed on the landfill caps in 2018.

West Kingston Town Dump/URI Disposal Area

Two former dumping areas in South Kingston, Rhode Island, make up
the 18-acre West Kingston Town Dump/ University of Rhode Island
(URI) Disposal Area Superfund site. A gravel mine began operating
on part of the site, the West Kingston Town Dump area, in the 1930s.

From the late 1940s until 1975, a gravel mine also operated on site,
at the URI Disposal Area. Starting in 1951, area towns and URI began
disposing of unregulated waste on site. The dump closed in 1978.

However, disposal continued until at least 1987. Starting in 1988,
the state connected affected residential wells nearby to city water. A
1989 inspection found leaking drums next to the site. Drum contents
contaminated subsurface soil and groundwater.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in October
1992. For cleanup, the potentially responsible parties combined
waste from both areas and capped it on site. In 2009 and 2011,

EPA injected chemicals to help break down contaminants in the groundwater. Operation and maintenance activities and
groundwater monitoring are ongoing. Residents and URI students use walking trails on site. Solar facilities with capacities
of 1.2 megawatts and 2.7 megawatts, respectively, were completed for the West Kingston Town Dump area and the URI
Disposal Area and adjacent field in 2018. These facilities have a combined capacity of 3.9 megawatts.

Figure 124. Drone image of the solar farm installed at the
West Kingston Town Dump/URI Disposal Area site (Rhode
Island). Photo used with permission of Kearsarge Energy.

Western Sand & Gravel

The Western Sand and Gravel Superfund site includes about 25 acres
in a rural area on the boundary of Burrillville and North Smithfield,
Rhode Island. From 1953 until 1975, a sand and gravel quarry
operated on site. From 1975 to 1979, a waste disposal area operated
on site. Operators disposed of wastes in unlined lagoons and pits.
These waste handling practices resulted in contamination of soil and
groundwater.

Figure 125. Truck body assembly plant on the Western Sand
& Gravel site (Rhode Island).

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EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included a groundwater recirculation system,
an alternate water supply, restrictions on groundwater and land use, and monitoring of natural processes to clean up
groundwater. Cleanup also included waste removal, capping of a 2-acre area and fencing of the 6-acre contaminated
soil area. In 2001, Supreme Mid-Atlantic purchased the site property. In 2004, the company completed construction of
a 20,000-square-foot truck-body assembly building and open space for truck parking. Supreme Mid-Atlantic conducted
assembly, sales and service activities at the site until 2016, when it closed its Rhode Island operation. Doering Equipment
Company bought the property in 2018. It operates a body shop for service and utility trucks on site.

Federal Facility Sites

Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center

The former Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center
(Davisville NCBC), North Kingston, Rhode Island site is 18
miles south of Providence, Rhode Island. It includes 1,290
acres along Narragansett Bay. From 1951 to 1994, Davisville
NCBC supported mobilization of naval construction forces.

Operations and waste disposal practices at the site resulted
in widespread soil and groundwater contamination.

Operations also contaminated surface water in nearby
Allen Harbor.

In 1989, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List
(NPL). Davisville NCBC was selected for closure during
the 1991 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program.

Operational closure took place on April 1, 1994. After its
closure, various state entities managed and developed the former Davisville NCBC property. The property had three
parts: the Main Site (about 846 acres), West Davisville (about 70 acres, located 1 mile from the Main Site) and Camp
Fogarty (about 374 acres, located 4 miles west of the Main Site). To date, 1,127 of the 1,290 acres have been transferred
or conveyed. In January 1993, the U.S. Navy transferred 374 acres to the U.S. Army for use in training the Rhode Island
National Guard. About 445 acres, including the West Davisville parcel, were conveyed to the Rhode Island Economic
Development Corporation (RIEDC) via negotiated sale through conveyances in 1998, 2000 and 2004.

Additional conveyances included 211 acres to the town of North Kingston in 2000 under a Public Benefit Conveyance
(PBC) for parks and recreation purposes through the U.S. Department of the Interior's National Park Service, and a
1-acre area to Bayside Family Healthcare in 1998 under a PBC for public health. RIEDC also received 96 acres under a
PBC for port facility purposes through the U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration in 1998. In July
2004, the Rhode Island General Assembly created the Quonset Development Corporation (QDC). The QDC is a special-
purpose subsidiary of RIEDC, now known as Rhode Island Commerce Center (RICC), responsible for the development and
management of the Quonset Business Park. In 2022, RICC plans to receive 75 acres under the ports PBC via the first of
two conveyances. The remaining 88 acres will be conveyed at a later date.

Newport Naval Education & Training Center

The Newport Naval Education & Training Center (NETC) Superfund site (also known as Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport)
has been used by the Navy since the Civil War era. Activities increased during war time but decreased later as Navy
forces were reorganized. Between 1900 and the mid-1970s, the facility was used as a refueling depot. NETC was
established at NAVSTA Newport in the 1970s. In the mid-1990s, several new laboratories were constructed at the Naval

Figure 126. The town of North Kingston operates several recreational
facilities at the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center site
(Rhode Island).

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Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC, formerly Naval Undersea
Systems Center or NUSC) to provide research, development,
testing, evaluation, engineering, and fleet support for submarine
and underwater systems. In 1998, NAVSTA Newport was
established as the primary host command, taking over base
operating support responsibilities from NETC.

The NAVSTA Newport facility encompasses approximately
1,000 acres on the west shore of Aquidneck Island, facing the
east passage of Narragansett Bay in the towns of Portsmouth,

Middletown, and Newport, Rhode Island. The facility also
encompasses the northern third of Gould Island, which is part of
the Town of Jamestown, Rhode Island.

EPA listed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989.

The U.S. Navy continues to lead ongoing investigations and
cleanup at 17 recognized sites and continues to host different commands on the naval base. Several non-Superfund
parcels and buildings have already been transferred and redeveloped as a marina, a community college campus and
other commercial and industrial uses. Parcels continue to be considered for transfer. Additionally, two Superfund sites on
the base (a landfill and a former tank farm) are currently being developed with solar arrays through a Navy lease with a
private party.

Figure 127, Shoreline restoration at the Newport Naval
Education & Training Center site (Rhode Island).

88

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VERMONT REUSE SUMMARY
PROFILES

National Priorities List Sites
Commerce Street Plume

The 1-acre Commerce Street Plume Superfund site is located in Williston, Vermont. Starting in I960, various
manufacturing and electroplating operations were active on the property. Between 1979 and 1984, operators discharged
rinse waters and sludge wastes containing heavy metals and industrial solvents into an unlined lagoon on site. After
an employee report to the Vermont Agency of Environmental Conservation in 1982, the state found the company
in violation of hazardous waste regulations for the disposal of chromium-contaminated wastes. EPA placed the site
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2005. Long-term cleanup planning is ongoing. Light industrial and commercial
development along Commerce Street in the Ailing Industrial Park began in 1946. These uses continue today. There are
residential areas within the site area along Kirby Lane, South Brownell Road and Shunpike Road.

Elizabeth Mine

The Elizabeth Mine Superfund site is iocated in Strafford and Thatford,
Vermont. The site contains waste rock, roast beds and mine tailings left
behind after 150 years of mining activity. Mining wastes contaminated
groundwater, soil and sediment with heavy metals and acid-rock drainage.
Mining wastes also contaminated the adjacent West Branch of the
Ompompanoosuc River, Lord Brook and two tributaries.

Figure 128. Solar array at the Elizabeth Mine
site (Vermont). Image used with permission of
Weston and Sampson, Conti Solar, and Elizabeth
Mine Solar I, LLC.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in June 2001. In
2005, EPA stabilized the tailing pile with soil and repaired the tailing dam,
preventing the release of large quantities of mining waste and potential
catastrophic loss of life and property downstream. EPA built an active water
treatment system in 2008, which operated until 2018. The active water
treatment was replaced with a passive treatment system in 2019. EPA
consolidated and covered the mining waste in 2012 with reuse in mind. During cleanup, EPA restored 10 acres of wetland
for ecological reuse. In 2014, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sustainability Award Program presented the Green Dream
Team Award to the Elizabeth Mine Superfund Site Project Delivery Team for wetland restorations at the site. As a result
of the cleanup, the state of Vermont delisted the 4 miles of the impaired West Branch of the Ompompanoosuc River
and portions of Lord Brook from the Clean Water Act's impaired waters list based on the recovery of the benthic and
fish communities. In 2017, a developer installed a 7-megawatt solar array on the radiated tailings pile. Today, the project
supplies electricity to the Green Mountain Power grid and produces enough energy to power about 1,300 homes. EPA
completed the cleanup of the South Mine and South Open Cut areas in 2020. EPA completed construction of all remedial
actions in 2021.

Ely Copper Mine

The 350-acre Ely Copper Mine Superfund site is located in Vershire, Vermont.
From 1821 until 1920, copper mining operations generated piles of waste
rock, smelter waste and tailings. Operators disposed of the materials on site.
Mining operations stopped at the site in 1920; activities to remove dump-ore
took place between 1949 and 1950.

Figure 129. Former entrance to main mining shaft
at the Ely Copper Mine site (Vermontj.

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EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2001. EPA finalized cleanup plans for the site in 2016.
The design for the cleanup was completed in 2019. Institutional controls for the site were completed in 2019. The
institutional controls will prevent groundwater use and restrict site activities to protect the cleanup actions. Since 1950,
activities at the site have included commercial timber management as well as hunting, snowmobile riding and horseback
riding. The site also includes historic mining-related artifacts and provides habitat for several species of state and federal
threatened and endangered bats.

Pine Street Canal

The 38-acre Pine Street Canal Superfund site is located in
Burlington, Vermont. It consists of a canal and turning basin,
wetlands, an area formerly known as Maltex Pond, and other
land. From 1908 until 1966, a coal gasification plant operated
on site. Plant operators disposed of wastewaters, residual
oil, and wood chips saturated with organic compounds in the
canal wetland. These actions contaminated site soils, surface
water, sediments, groundwater, air and wetlands. While
investigating the site for a then-proposed major highway
development, the state of Vermont detected high levels of
organic compounds associated with coal tar. EPA added the
site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983.

Cleanup has been implemented in phases. Cleanup activities including removing coal tars, capping the canal underwater
sediments and Maltex Pond sediments, habitat restoration, construction of vertical barrier walls and monitoring
groundwater. Cleanup efforts also established institutional controls that limit residential uses, daycare facilities and
activities that would interfere with the remedy. Habitat restoration, in accordance with the Wetland Restoration Plan,
allowed on-site wetlands to continue functioning. Wetland restoration took place between 2003 and 2004. These
wetlands support a diversity of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The Burlington Electrical Department
headquarters has continued to operate on site since before NPL listing. Cleanup has also spurred commercial
development east of the Maltex Pond, outside of the site's eastern boundary. While not located on site, businesses and
construction within the Maltex Partnership development area comply with site-related land use restrictions. Sunken
barges in the canal and other features at the site are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. EPA, the
Vermont State Historic Preservation Officer, and the Performing Defendants agreed to a mitigation plan for damage to
these historic resources that will occur when the remedy is implemented.

The site is in a federal Opportunity Zone, which are census tracts of low-income and distressed communities designated
by state governors and certified by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. In May 2022, $6 million was provided for
brownfield cleanup and redevelopment at a parcel adjacent to the Site. The proposed redevelopment projects consist
of Silt Botanica Nordic-inspired bathhouse and wellness space; and Backside Bowl with twostory contemporary bowling
alley, entertainment, and community gathering space. In addition, the developers and the city are exploring the potential
creation of a green gateway to the city-owned parcel located on the site as public open space.

Figure 130. Aerial view of Pine Street Canal site (Vermont).

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Pownal Tannery

The 28-acre Pownal Tannery Superfund site is located in
North Pownal, Vermont. Beginning in the late 1880s, a
woolen mill occupied the site and in 1935, a hide tanning
and finishing facility began operations onsite. After
the facility closed in 1988, EPA found contamination in
groundwater, soil and sludge and performed multiple
removal actions before and after placing the site on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1999. Removal actions
included removing contaminated materials and the tannery
mill building, decontaminating a facility warehouse, and
capping a facility landfill. EPA completed these activities
in 2001. Further investigations resulted in a 2002 cleanup
decision that included treating soil and sludge onsite and Fjgure 131 Aeria, viewofthe Pownal Tannery site (Vermont).

placing it beneath a protective cap. The finai remedy also

required land use restrictions and long-term monitoring of groundwater and river sediments. EPA worked with the town
of Pownal to coordinate reuse planning as part of the cleanup process. Funded by a 1999 Superfund Redevelopment
Program pilot grant, the Town developed plans for recreation areas and a new wastewater treatment plant on site. The
treatment plant, completed in 2006, occupies a portion of the former lagoon area. The town of Pownal reused old forest
beams from the former tannery building to build a recycling center and town equipment shed. Recreational facilities
onsite include a small park, future playing fields, benches, a historic marker near the North Pownal Bridge, and walking
paths in the former lagoon area. In 2017, Hoosic River Hydro LLC completed construction of a hydroelectric power plant
at a dam located next to the site.

Tansitor Electronics, Inc.

The 44-acre Tansitor Electronics, Inc. Superfund site is
located in Bennington, Vermont. About 36 acres of the site
are located north of Route 9; the remainder of the site is
located south of Route 9. Since 1956, various owners have
made electrical components on part of the site. In 1981,

Vishay-Tansitor notified EPA that operations between 1956
and 1979 had disposed of organic solvents and acids at
the site. Disposal practices contaminated soil, sediment,
groundwater and surface water.

EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 1989. The selected cleanup plan included a waiver of
groundwater standards for a 10-acre area of the site. The
cleanup plan aiso included steps to address monitoring
results and place restrictions on groundwater use. Outside
the 10-acre area, groundwater contaminant concentrations

are all below cleanup goals. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1999. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Vishay-Tansitor
continues to operate its manufacturing facility on site. Forested wetlands cover most of the site south of Route 9.

Figure 132. Facilities at the Tansitor Electronics, Inc. site (Vermont).

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Back Cover page photos:

Eastland Woolen Mill (Maine), Wells G&H (Massachusetts), Peterson Puritan, Inc. (Rhode Island),

Iron Horse Park (Massachusetts), Eastern Surplus (Maine)

Any mention of trade names, manufacturers or products in this document and its appendices
does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA and its employees do not endorse any commercial products, services or entities.

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Printed on recycled/recyclable paper with
minimum 30% post-consumer fiber.

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