Putting Sites to Work How Superfund Redevelopment in Region 6 is Making a Difference in Communities 2020 Data


REGION 6

ECONOMIC
PROFILE

PUTTING SITES

TO WORK

How Superfund Redevelopment in
Region 6 Is Making a Difference in

Communities

2020 DATA

——11

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Cover page photos:

Chevron Questa Mine (New Mexico), Tex-Tin Corp. (Texas), Bayou Bonfouca (Louisiana),

Bayou Verdine (Louisiana), San Jacinto River Waste Pits (Texas).

Any mention of trade names, manufacturers or products in this document and its appendices
does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA and its employees do not endorse any commercial products, services or entities.

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Figure 1. Solar panels at
the Chevron Questa Mine
site (New Mexico).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface	i

Introduction	1

Support for Superfund Redevelopment	3

Superfund Redevelopment: The Big Picture	5

Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Redevelopment in Region 6	7

Redevelopment in Action	15

Redevelopment on the Horizon in Region 6	19

Conclusions	23

State Redevelopment Profiles	24

Arkansas	25

Louisiana	26

New Mexico	27

Oklahoma	28

Texas	29

Sources	30

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PREFACE

EPA's Superfund program is a cornerstone of the work that the Agency performs
for citizens and communities across the country. The revitalization of places
affected by contaminated lands is a key part of Superfund's mission, meeting
community needs for thriving economies and improved environmental and
public health outcomes. Through EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program, the
Agency contributes to these communities' economic vitality by supporting the
return of sites to productive use.

EPA has made historic investments to tackle the climate crisis and to ensure
all communities have safe places to live and work. Working closely with
communities, developers and property owners, EPA is leading the way to return
these once-contaminated sites back to safe and beneficial use.

These regional profiles highlight community-led efforts as EPA expedites cleanup
and remediation and engages with partners and stakeholders to support
redevelopment and community revitalization.

EPA REGION 6

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INTRODUCTION

EPA's Region 6 (South Central) office serves Arkansas,
Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and 66
tribes. This part of the country includes some of the
nation's fastest-growing cities as well as small towns,
farmland, ranches and public lands. Urban and rural
communities alike across the Region are focusing
on the cleanup and revitalization of old industrial
sites, recognizing that these areas offer substantial
opportunities for new development and innovation.
Today, states and communities are working diligently
to find new uses for these areas, including Superfund
sites. The Superfund program in EPA Region 6 is proud
to play a role in these efforts.

The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites often
restores value to site properties and amenities to
surrounding communities that have been negatively
affected by contamination. Site redevelopment can
revitalize a local economy with jobs, new businesses,
tax revenues and local spending.

Figure 2. The Parkland Lakewest Women's Health Clinic at the RSR
Corporation site (Texas).

Through programs such as the Superfund
Redevelopment Program, EPA Region 6 helps
communities reclaim cleaned-up Superfund sites.

Factoring the reasonably anticipated future use of
Superfund sites into the cleanup process promotes
their safe redevelopment. In addition, EPA Region
6 works closely with state and local officials to
remove barriers that have kept many Superfund sites

vacant or underused. EPA Region 6 works to ensure that businesses on properties being cleaned up under Superfund
can continue operating in a way that protects human health and the environment during site investigations and
cleanup work. This continuity enables these businesses to remain open and serve as a source of jobs and income for
communities.

Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use:
Business and Job Highlights

Businesses: 293

Total Annual Sales: $795 million

Number of People Employed: 4,647
Total Annual Employee Income: $239 million

Superfund sites across Region 6 are home to manufacturers, financial service providers, computer system specialists,
freight transportation logistics companies, restaurants, hotels and a range of other uses. Public services at Superfund
sites in Region 6 offer housing assistance, recycling facilities, public health assistance, sanitation support and safety
training. One site supports a plant that converts landfill gas into clean-burning diesel fuel and other products. Another
site hosts a state-of-the-art municipal marina. Sites also host ecological preserves and wildlife habitat. On-site businesses
and organizations at current and former Superfund sites in Region 6 provide an estimated 4,647 jobs and contribute an
estimated $239 million in annual employment income. Sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6 generate $7.7 million
in annual property tax revenues for local governments.1

1 Business and property value tax figures represent only a subset of the beneficial effects of sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6. There are 28 Superfund
sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have business data, including eight federal facilities on the Superfund National Priorities List
(NPL). Not all sites in reuse involve an on-site business or other land use that would employ people. Several sites without businesses have beneficial effects that
are not easily quantified, such as properties providing ecological or recreational benefits (e.g., parks, wetlands, ecological habitat, open space). In addition, there
are 30 sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including eight NPL federal facilities.

EPA REGION 6

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This profile looks at how redevelopment activities at Superfund sites make a difference in communities across Region
6. In particular, it describes some of the beneficial effects of redevelopment and continued use of current and former
Superfund sites. The profile also describes the land values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned
to use and sites that have remained in use throughout the cleanup process. EPA updates these profiles periodically. The
beneficial effects may increase or decrease over time due to changes in:

•	The number of sites in reuse or continued use.

•	The number of on-site businesses.

•	Data availability.

•	Changes in business and property value data.

Figures presented represent only a subset of all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6.

Figure 3. Top: A business at the Fruit Avenue Plume site (New Mexico). Bottom: A community garden at the Bayou Bonfouca site (Louisiana).

2

EPA REGION 6

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SUPPORT FOR SUPERFUN
REDEVELOPMENT

EPA Region 6 is committed to improving the health and livelihood of Americans by cleaning up and returning land to
beneficial use. In addition to protecting human health and the environment through the Superfund program, Region 6
partners with stakeholders to encourage redevelopment opportunities at Superfund sites. Region 6 helps communities
and cleanup managers consider redevelopment during cleanup planning and evaluate remedies already in place to
ensure appropriate redevelopment. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages
opportunities to support Superfund Redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic sustainability.

Specific redevelopment support efforts in EPA Region 6 include:

• Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities
to align with site cleanup plans through the
redevelopment planning process.

• Facilitating cleanup and redevelopment discussions
to help resolve key issues between parties
interested in site redevelopment.

• Supporting targeted projects intended to help
Region 6 communities and EPA find the right tools
to move site redevelopment forward.

• Making efforts to help address communities' and
developers' liability, safety and reuse concerns
through development of educational materials,
comfort letters, developer agreements and
environmental status reports - known as Ready for
Reuse Determinations-that provide information
about the appropriate use of sites.

• Supporting partnerships with groups such as the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that are committed to
putting Superfund sites back into use.

• Developing reuse fact sheets, websites, webinars and reuse case studies to share opportunities and lessons
associated with Superfund Redevelopment.

These efforts have helped build expertise across Region 6, making it easier to both consider future use of Superfund
sites prior to cleanup and to identify opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts also help tribes, state
agencies, iocal governments, communities, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and other partners
and stakeholders to better understand potential future uses for Superfund sites. This helps stakeholders engage early in
the cleanup process, ensuring that Superfund sites are restored as productive assets for communities. Most importantly,
these efforts lead to significant returns for communities, including jobs, annual income and tax revenues.

SERA GEO

On this day. May 05. 2015,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Determines that

26 Acres of the Central Plateau Area of the Eagle-Picher
Henryetta Superfund Site
Are Ready for Commercial and Industrial Use

,/T C "

Kelly Dixon
Director. I .and Protection Division

vironmcntul Quality

Figure 4. EPA Ready for Reuse certificate indicating that part of the
Eagle-Picher Henryetta site (Oklahoma) is ready for reuse.

EPA REGION 6

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SUPERFUND REDEVELOPMENT:
THE BIG PICTURE

EPA can take and oversee immediate action at contaminated sites through short-term cleanup actions, also called
removal actions.2 EPA refers sites warranting long-term cleanup to its remedial program or to state programs. EPA's
National Priorities List (NPL) is a list of sites targeted by the Agency for further investigation and possible remediation
through the Superfund program. Once EPA places a site on the NPL, the Agency studies the contamination, identifies
technologies that could address the contaminants and evaluates alternative cleanup approaches. EPA then proposes
a cleanup plan and, after collecting public input, issues a final cleanup decision. The Agency then cleans up the site or
oversees cleanup activities. EPA has placed 146 sites in Region 6 on the NPL.

Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate redevelopment priorities into site cleanup. In Region 6, 56 NPL sites and seven
non-NPL Superfund sites are in use. These sites have either new uses in place or uses that remain in place from before
cleanup. Many of these sites have been redeveloped for commercial, industrial and residential purposes. Others have
been redeveloped for recreational, ecological and agricultural uses. Businesses and other organizations also support
culturally and historically significant uses on site areas. Many redeveloped sites support multiple uses and have the
capacity to support additional uses and further redevelopment. The following sections take a closer look at the beneficial
effects of businesses at current and former Superfund sites in Region 6.

Figure 5. Goodwill Industries of Dallas, Inc.'s central processing facility for donated goods at the RSR Corporation site (Texas).

2 Removal actions may be taken at sites on the NPL and sites not on the NPL

EPA REGION 6

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Figure 6. Left: A Winn Parish Fire District water truck at the American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant) site (Louisiana). Right: A loading bay at
the engine component facility at the North Cavalcade Street site (Texas).

Sites in Reus© arid Continued Use: A Closer Look

Reuse Type

Description

Region 6 Example

In Reuse

There is a new land use or uses on all or part
of a site. This is because either the land use
has changed (e.g., from industrial use to
commercial use) or the site is now in use after
being vacant.

American Creosote Works, Inc. (Winnfield Plant).
(Louisiana) - part of this former wood-treating facility
now supports a joint fire response training facility for the
city of Winnfield and Winn Parish.

In Continued Use

Historical uses at a site remain active; these
uses were in place when the Superfund process
started at the site.

North Cavalcade Street (Texas) - an engine component
manufacturing and distribution facility has been on site
since the 1980s.

In Reuse and Continued Use

Part of a site is in continued use and part of the
site is in reuse.

RSR Corporation (Texas) - Goodwill Industries of Dallas,
Inc.'s central processing facility for donated goods is on
site after cleanup; long-time residential, commercial,
industrial and public service areas remain active on site.

6

EPA REGION 6

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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF
SUPERFUND SITE
REDEVELOPMENT IN REGION 6

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 293 businesses, government agencies and civic organizations operating on 31 NPL
sites and four non-NPL sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6.3 The State Redevelopment Profiles provide more
information on each state's reuse details. Businesses and organizations at these sites are part of several different sectors,
including hotels, professional trade, industrial trade and health care services.

Businesses and organizations at Region 6 Superfund sites include hotels, schools, grocery stores, restaurants, civic and
social organizations, freight transportation facilities, health care centers and manufacturing facilities.

The businesses and organizations at these sites generate about $795 million in estimated annual sales and employ an
estimated 4,647 people who earn an estimated $239 million in annual employment income. This income injects money
into local economies and generates revenue through personal state income taxes. These businesses also help local
economies through direct purchases of local supplies and services. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and
services also generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes, which support state and local governments.
Table 1 presents more detailed information.4

Table 1. Site and Business Information for Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued Use (2020)

Sites"

Sites with
Businessesb

Businessesc

Total Annual
Sales"

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$120 million

571

$35 million

In Continued Use

$198 million

958

$72 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

220

$477 million

3,118

$132 million

Totals

35°

293

$795 million'

4,647

$239 million'

a Eight sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations and civic institutions.
c Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
d For information on the collection of business, jobs and sales data, see the Sources section.
e See footnote 1, page 1.

f Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.

3 See footnote 1, page 1.

4 For more information on the collection of business, jobs and sales data, see the Sources section.

EPA REGION 6

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Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and
returned to use have the potential to increase in value
significantly. This increased value can boost property
tax revenues, which help pay for local government
operations, schools, transit systems and other public
services. Site properties at the Highway 71/72 Refinery
site in Louisiana, for example, are now valued at nearly
$79 million.

Identifying increases in property values and property
taxes following cleanup and reuse is challenging. This
is due to several factors, including limited data on
past property values and the frequency and timing
of local property value assessments. Likewise, many
factors affect property values, including external
economic and neighborhood factors not related to
a site's contamination or Superfund status. It is also
difficult to isolate the effects of Superfund cleanup and
redevelopment using current property values. However,
these values do provide insight into the current value of
Superfund properties and the potential loss in economic
value if the properties were not cleaned up and made
available for reuse or continued use.

EPA has collected property value and tax data for 33 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Region 6.5 These sites
span 3,123 property parcels and 5,556 acres. They have a total property value of $733 million. The average total property
value per acre is $132,000.

Land and improvement property value information is available for 32 sites. These properties have a total land value of
$192 million and a total improvement value of $541 million.6

Property tax information is available for 31 sites. The properties generate a combined $7.7 million in local property taxes
annually.

Table 2. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Region 6"

Total Land Value
(32 sites)"

Total Improvement
Value
(32 sites)c

Total Property Value
(33 sites)

Total Property Value
per Acre
(34 sites)d

Total Annual Property
Taxes
(31 site)

$192 million

$541 million

$733 million

$132,000

$7.7 million

a Results are based on ari EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program effort to collect on-site property values and property taxes for a subset of Superfund sites. The
property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2021. For
more information, see the Sources section. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented due to rounding.
b Detailed (land and improvement) property value data as well as tax data were not available for every site.
c Land and improvement value for one site is listed as $0.

d Based on total property value amount of $733 million divided by total acreage of 5,556.

Region 6 Sites in Reuse and Continued
Use: Property Value and Tax Highlights

Total Property Value: $733 million

Total Annual Property Taxes: $7.7 million

Figure 7. Hotel at the Highway 71/72 Refinery site (Louisiana).

5 There are 30 more sites in reuse or continued use in Region 6 for which EPA does not have property value or tax data, including eight NPL federal facilities. See
footnote 1, page 1.

6 Property values consist of land value and the value of any improvements (buildings and infrastructure) placed on a property. When sites are redeveloped,
some or all of these improvements may be new or already in place. In some cases, the breakdown showing the land value and improvement value is not always
available; only the total property value may be available.

EPA REGION 6

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Beneficial Effects from Enhanced Recreational and Ecological Amenities

In addition to hosting commercial developments, retail centers and industrial facilities, many Region 6 sites in reuse
and continued use provide recreational and ecological benefits. Green space and habitat reuses help attract visitors and
residents and indirectly contribute to local economies.

Careful planning enables the integration of green spaces and habitat into site cleanup, resulting in the transformation
of contaminated properties into valuable community and wildlife assets. Green spaces are integral components of
sustainable communities - they help protect the environment and human health while providing other social and
economic benefits. Parks, community gardens and other public green spaces create opportunities for people to gather,
exercise and connect with nature. The creation of green spaces and habitat at once-contaminated properties serves
to re-introduce ecosystems and biodiversity into urban and suburban landscapes by providing corridors for migrating
species and preserving habitat. They can also mitigate stormwater runoff problems by slowly absorbing and naturally
filtering stormwater, resulting in improved water quality due to decreased runoff and erosion.

Parks, natural areas and scenic landscapes also have great economic value - supporting regional economies through
tourism, agriculture and other activities. Economic impacts of recreation activities can include outdoor recreation
spending and reduced public costs related to healthcare and infrastructure. In 2017, outdoor recreation contributed
$887 biliion to the U.S. economy, supporting 7.6 million jobs and generating $63.5 billion in national tax revenue and
$59.2 billion in state and local tax revenue.7 Protected green space can also increase the property values of nearby
homes by providing amenities that draw people to live and work in the community. Many sites in Region 6 provide
recreational and ecological benefits.

Figure 8. Aerial view of the Swan Lake Salt Marsh at the Tex-Tin Corp. site in Texas. The restoration project uses clean dredge material from a
waterway maintenance project. (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration)

7 The Outdoor Recreation Economy. Outdoor Industry Association. Available at https://outdoorindustrv.org/wD-content/uploads/2017/04/QIA RecEconomv
FINAL Single.pdf.

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TEX-TIN CORP.

Salt Marsh Restoration Provides Vital Habitat

A copper and tin smelter operated at the 170-acre Tex-Tin Corp. Superfund site from the 1940s to 1991. A waste oil
recovery facility was also on site in the early 1980s. EPA added the site to the Superfund program's National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1998. Cleanup focused on soil, sediment and groundwater at the site, as well as affected homes and the nearby
Swan Lake Salt Marsh Area.

in 2001, Natural Resource Trustees for the State of Texas, including the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality,
General Land Office, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service on behalf of the Department of the Interior (the Trustees), led an environmental assessment of
contaminated marsh sediments and created a restoration plan. The Trustees used Natural Resource Damage settlement
funds from Tex-Tin together with other funding sources to restore more than 70 acres of marsh in Swan Lake in 2007 and
more than 70 acres of marsh in nearby Pierce Marsh in 2016.

The opportunity to leverage remaining Tex-Tin settlement funds with those from another regional case,
and the use of maintenance dredging materials from the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, dramatically increases the benefits realized from Trustees' restoration efforts. The public will be
compensated for the injuries to estuarine habitats that resulted from a half-century of contaminant releases
during operations at the site, and will gain ecosystem services -from fish and wildlife production to storm
surge mitigation -for the communities around lower Galveston Bay."

- Kristopher Benson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Restoration Center

B Figure 9. The marsh
serves as an aquatic
nursery, a migratory bird
stopover, and a barrier
against coastal erosion
and storm surges.

EPA REGION 6

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LONGHORN ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT
Conservation-minded Wildlife Refuge with
Ecotourism

The Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant opened in 1941. It produced TNT for the U.S. Army during World War II and made
munitions for the military until 1997. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1990. The Army began investigations and cleanup
in 1991. EPA and the state provided oversight. The Army closed the facility in 1997. With the loss of a major employer,
the community planned for the site's beneficial reuse. The 8,146-acre site's location near the 40-square-mile Caddo Lake,
the only natural lake in Texas, had led to earlier wildlife preservation initiatives, so ecotourism emerged as an economic
development opportunity.

While working on closing the facility, the Army approached the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) about purchasing
much of the property for a wildlife refuge. Local organizations such as the Caddo Lake Institute (CLI) and the Greater
Caddo Lake Association of Texas jumped at the opportunity. They met with several federal agencies to advocate for
the project. As interest in conservation increased, CLI leased over 1,300 acres of cypress wetlands from the Army. CLI
facilitated education, research and conservation activities to demonstrate the site's ecological potential to FWS. CLI's
project was successful. In 2000, the Army and FWS established an agreement to transfer over 5,000 acres of the site for a
wildlife refuge. To date, more than 7,000 acres have been transferred.

To prepare the refuge for ecotourism, FWS restored the biodiversity of the upland forests and worked with local
organizations to establish visitor infrastructure. FWS collaborated with community groups to preserve an Army
guardhouse from World War II, transforming it into a wetland education center. In September 2009, hundreds of people
celebrated the opening of the Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Today, the refuge includes internationally recognized
wetlands with pristine mature flooded bald cypress forest, one of the best-preserved ecosystems of its kind in the United
States. Many local organizations work together to support resource conservation, education and community outreach.
Visitors participate in hiking, biking, horseback riding and birdwatching. There are over 200 species of birds at the refuge,
as well as nearly 50 species of mammals and 90 species of reptiles and amphibians. EPA and the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality continue to provide oversight for the Army's cleanup of the site. The Army plans to transfer the
remaining 1,200 acres of the site to FWS after cleanup ends.

Our goal is to create a place for the public with activities arid assets that build stewardship arid an
appreciation for the natural system that's there - an understanding of its uniqueness and sensitivity"

-Gary Endsley, President, Friends of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Figure 10, The Caddo Lake
National Wildlife Refuge,
located on the western
shore of Caddo Lake,

Texas, is part of a bird
migration corridor.

EPA REGION 6

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Why Are Wetlands Economically Important?

Superfund site reuse can support wetland habitat, as seen at several sites
in Region 6. At the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant site in Karnack,

Texas, the Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge includes internationally
recognized wetlands with pristine mature flooded bald cypress forest,
one of the best-preserved such ecosystems in the United States. Bayou
dredging and ecological rehabilitation at the Bayou Verdine site in Lake
Charles, Louisiana, enabled continued use of the bayou as a habitat and
wetland area. A containment cell area designed to contain contaminated
sediments also allowed an innovative ecological revitalization that benefits
a diverse array of species.

Wetlands provide a variety of benefits. The combination of shallow water,
high levels of nutrients and primary productivity is ideal for organisms that
form the base of the food web and feed many species of fish, amphibians,
shellfish and insects. Wetlands are extremely effective in removing pollutants from water and acting as filters for
future drinking water. Wetlands play a role in reducing the frequency and intensity of floods. They can store large
amounts of carbon. They also provide recreational amenities.

These benefits also have economic value. Replacing wetlands' water treatment services with manmade facilities,
for example, would be expensive. Worldwide, wetlands provide an estimated $14.9 trillion in ecosystem services.
To learn more, see:

• EPA's Economic Benefits of Wetlands: www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/
economicbenefits.pdf.

• EPA's Why Are Wetlands Important?: www.epa.gov/wetlands/whv-are-wetlands-important.

Figure 11. An egret at the Bayou Verdine
site (Louisiana).

Figure 12. The Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is home to some of the most pristine old-growth bottomland hardwood forest in the United
States.

EPA REGION 6

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Beneficial Effects from Alternative Energy Projects

Alternative energy projects provide a range of beneficial effects. They support construction and operations jobs, spur
local investment for manufacturing and materials, create benefits for landowners in the form of land lease and right-of-
way payments, lower energy costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They also help hedge against energy price and
supply volatility, support local business competitiveness and technology supply chain development, provide outreach
and public relations opportunities for site owners and communities, and contribute to broader economic development
planning.

Several efforts in EPA Region 6 have encouraged opportunities for alternative energy projects at Superfund sites and
other contaminated lands:

• In 2010, Chevron Technology Ventures built a 1-megawatt solar facility on a 21-acre part of the Chevron Questa
Mine site. The facility began operating in April 2011. It uses a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system. At the
time of its installation, the facility was one of the largest CPV systems in the world.

• Waste Management of Oklahoma developed a commercial facility for a renewable biogas and natural gas joint
venture project at the Mosley Road Sanitary Landfill site in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It converts methane gas
from the site into clean-burning diesel fuel and wax. Waste Management of Oklahoma pioneered the use of this
kind of technology by first building and operating a demonstration unit at the neighboring East Oak Landfill.

• The Pantex Plant (USDOE) site in Pantex Village, Texas, became the nation's largest federally owned wind farm
in 2013. The 11.5-megawatt facility, called the Pantex Renewable Energy Project, consists of five 2.3-megawatt
turbines. It supplies more than 60% of the energy needed by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) Pantex
Plant. In June 2014, EPA Region 6 presented the plant with its Greenovations Award for its innovative reuse of
the site.

• EPA is working with interested parties at the Agriculture Street Landfill site in New Orleans, Louisiana, and at
the Goodrich Asbestos site in Miami, Oklahoma, to better understand site capacities to host solar arrays. Early
investigations are underway to help inform future discussions about solar project feasibility.

Figure 13. Left: Construction of the solar array at the Chevron Questa Mine site (New Mexico). Right: Wind turbines at the Pantex Plant (USDOE) site
(Texas).

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Opportunity Zone Tax Incentives as a Superfund Redevelopment Tool

Opportunity Zones are a powerful tool to encourage economic revitalization in distressed communities by incentivizing
long-term, sustainable investment in redevelopment and stimulating economic growth. State governors have
designated 8,756 Opportunity Zones across the country in geographic areas that suffer double the national poverty
rate. Socio-economic metrics show that Opportunity Zones are among the highest-need communities in the nation.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury estimates that Opportunity Zones may attract up to $100 billion in investments,
which strengthens the financial viability of redevelopment projects at Superfund sites located in Opportunity Zones.

Redevelopment of current or former Superfund sites may qualify for Opportunity Zone tax benefits. Nationally,
there are 343 NPL sites located entirely or partially in Opportunity Zones. Estimates indicate there are thousands of
Superfund removal sites in Opportunity Zones across the nation. In Region 6, there are 38 NPL sites located entirely or
partially in an Opportunity Zone. Redevelopment investments that meet appropriate qualifying criteria may be eligible
for Opportunity Zone tax benefits. EPA and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) have tools
and resources to help local leaders achieve equitable outcomes in Opportunity Zone development projects.

Learn more about Superfund Redevelopment and Opportunity Zones:
https://www.epa.aov/superfund-redevelopment/superfund-redevelopment-usina-

opportunitv-zone-tax-incentives

Environmental Justice and Economic Revitalization

Communities with environmental justice concerns are disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and
hazards and typically include marginalized low-income groups and people of color, including tribal and indigenous
people. Superfund cleanups and redevelopment are opportunities to evaluate how to reduce impacts on these
communities and, through meaningful community involvement efforts, engage communities in productive dialogue to
increase local benefits through reuse opportunities that meet community needs.

CANADA

Figure 14. Map of
Opportunity Zones in the
United States. (Source:
U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban
Development, Map of
Opportunity Zones)

¦ ¦. • /->rr

\ A-

tr %

EPA REGION 6

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•DEVELOPMENT IN ACTION

GULF STATE UTILITIES - NORTH RYAN STREET
Essential Energy Infrastructure

The 19-acre Gulf State Utilities - North Ryan Street site is in Lake Charles, Louisiana, From 1916 to 1932, several different
owners ran a manufactured gas plant and disposed of coal tar in a 6-acre wetland area next to the plant. Gulf State
Utilities (GSU) took ownership of the property and closed the plant in 1932. GSU used the same wetland area as a landfill
to dispose of waste materials until 1980. These materials included electrical poles and equipment, debris and appliance
casings. Utility workers found site contamination in 1988. After investigating the site in the early 1990s, EPA proposed
listing it on the NPL in 1995.

EPA and GSU developed a cleanup plan that enabled the site to remain in industrial and commercial use. Cleanup
included removal of contaminated soil and sediment, soil dewatering, and off-site disposal and capping of
contamination. A mat of concrete blocks stabilizes the shoreline and protects the restored area on the southern bank
of the Calcasieu River. EPA determined that the groundwater cleanup is protective of human health and continues to
monitor groundwater.

Today, GSU - now the Entergy Corporation - operates a service center at the site. The facility provides essential
electricity infrastructure services to customers in the Lake Charles Area. In 2020, Entergy provided nearly $18 million in
annual employment income and generated an estimated $1.2 million in annual sales.

Figure 15. Left: Restoration efforts included stabilizing the shoreline using concrete mats. Right: Entergy stores utility-related items in the West Yard
on site.

EPA REGION 6

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MCGAFFEY AND MAIN

GROUNDWATER PLUME

Supporting Essential Public Services and
Community Businesses

The 550-acre McGaffey and Main Groundwater Plume Superfund site is in Rosweil, New Mexico. From 1956 to 2012,
several dry-cleaning businesses operated on South Main Street. The daily operations of these businesses contaminated
soil, soil vapor, indoor air and groundwater with tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). The New Mexico
Environment Department (NMED) discovered the groundwater contamination in 1994 and linked it to the former dry-
cleaning operations. NMED led immediate cleanup actions, connected affected residences to the public water supply and
installed groundwater monitoring wells. EPA added the site to the NPL in 2002.

Cleanup addresses the risks of soil vapor intrusion and exposure to contaminated groundwater in area homes and
businesses. NMED is investigating groundwater contamination beyond the source area and regularly reaches out to the
community to inform public well users to not use groundwater for drinking water. The source-area groundwater cleanup
is a high priority because the plume has affected water quality in the Rosweil alluvial aquifer, which supplies domestic
and irrigation wells. After funding approval, NMED will begin groundwater cleanup of the source area.

Commercial and industrial buildings as well as agricultural fields and two homes remain in use within the 7-acre
groundwater contamination source area. Site businesses fulfill essentia! needs for the Rosweil area. They include a family
medicine practice, financial service providers, a housing authority and food production facilities. In 2020, businesses at
the site employed 55 people and provided an estimated $2.3 million in annual employment income. Site businesses also
generated an estimated $8.2 million in annual sales.

Figure 16. The front
entrance and parking lot
of the Eastern Regional
Housing Authority facility
(New Mexico).

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EPA REGION 6

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TAR CREEK (OTTAWA COUNTY)
Recreational Reuse

The Tar Creek (Ottawa County) Superfund site is located in northeast Oklahoma. It consists of areas affected by historical
mining operations. The site is also a part of the Tri-State Mining District, which spans parts of Oklahoma, Kansas and
Missouri. The mining era left a legacy of open mine shafts, acid mine water, and large volumes of mining and milling
wastes contaminated with lead, zinc and cadmium. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1983. EPA then led a series of
targeted removal actions to make sure people could continue to live, work and farm safely in the area. To date, cleanup
has included the relocation of four affected communities, the excavation of lead-contaminated soil from nearly 3,000
residential yards and high-access areas, and the remediation of over 6 million tons of mining waste and contaminated
soil. Other efforts have included surface water management through constructed wetlands and the plugging of
abandoned wells.

One of EPA's partners, the Quapaw Nation, successfully cleaned up the Catholic 40, a 40-acre area with significant
cultural and historic meaning for the Quapaw Nation. This is the first NPL site cleanup led by a Native American tribe.
In late December 2013 and early January 2014, workers dug up about 108,000 tons of contaminated mining waste for
off-site disposal. Workers preserved historic structures, artifacts and landscape features during the cleanup. Recovered
artifacts are now housed and on display at the tribal museum in Oklahoma. The Quapaw Nation's plans for the future at
the Catholic 40 site include archeological research, tourism, education, historic preservation and grazing. The area is an
important part of the Quapaw Nation's cultural and religious practices.

The Quapaw Nation, in cooperation with EPA and the state of Oklahoma, continues to plan, design and lead cleanup
activities at other contaminated areas of the site. These efforts have set the stage for several redevelopment projects
that reflect the Quapaw Nation's reuse priorities, including cultural preservation, agricultural use and the expansion
of the Quapaw Nation's traditional economic focus on ranching. In response to stakeholder interests, EPA released a
solar reuse assessment in 2019 that identified the potential for a 1,115-acre solar project area on part of the site that is
contaminated with mining waste and located on Quapaw Nation tribal lands.

Redevelopment is also underway at non-tribal areas. Recently, the city of Miami partnered with the state of Oklahoma
and EPA on the cleanup of the Eagle Picher office complex, located in the heart of Miami. It originally served as the local
headquarters for the Eagle Picher Mining Company. For many years, the office complex sat abandoned with several
environmental challenges, including the presence of mining waste on the property. The city acquired the property,
coordinated cleanup efforts with the state and EPA, and converted the site into a family-friendly splash pad and park in
summer 2020.

Cleanup across this large site has enabled widespread continued agricultural, commercial, public service and residential
use and facilitated new development. Today, site businesses employ nearly 1,300 people and contribute more than
$50 million in estimated annual employment income. In 2020, site businesses generated an estimated $148 million in
combined sales.

EPA REGION 6

Figure 17. Families
using the 66 Miami
Splash Pad in Miami,
Oklahoma. (Source:

Used with permission of
photographer Gary Crow.)

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TULSA FUEL AND MANUFACTURING

Honeybee Habitat and Restored Grasslands

The 61-acre Tulsa Fuel arid Manufacturing site is in Collinsville, Oklahoma, just north of Tulsa. A zinc smelter operated at
the site from 1914 to 1925. It helped meet the demand for zinc during World War I. The smelting operation used nine
furnaces, which were believed to be fueled by nearby natural gas wells. During smelter operations, large amounts of ore
were stored on site. Historical smelting operations contaminated soil, sediment and surface water with arsenic, cadmium
and lead. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1999.

Cleanup, which took place between 2015 and 2016, included demolition of site structures, implementation of
institutional controls, and consolidation and capping of 186,000 cubic yards of smelter waste and contaminated soil
and sediment in a 10-acre containment cell on site. Fencing and signage around the perimeter of the cell prevent
unauthorized access. The Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) continues to monitor groundwater
and establishment of vegetation on the cap at the site. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2020.

ODEQ revegetated the cap of the containment cell as well as the remainder of the site with a mix of smooth brome grass,
annual ryegrass, tall fescue, and red and white clovers. The restored area has attracted the attention of local beekeepers.
After learning about the importance of bees and other pollinators for the environment and food supply, James and
Courtney Deming became interested in honeybee rescue. In 2013, they purchased two beehives and started the Shadow
Mountain Honey Company. In 2014, they rescued their first bee swarm and began a campaign to educate the public
about how to identify and protect bee swarms. In 2016, the company partnered with a fellow beekeeper, Jay Ide, of Ide's
Gary Avenue Gold Honey, to set up the Tulsa Swarm Hotline. The hotiine has enabled the rescue of nearly 100 honeybee
swarms a year. The partners provide free honeybee swarm rescue and removal, and relocate the bees to one of their
apiaries. The rescued bees produce honey, which the companies sell in small batches. Most of the proceeds go to the
preservation of the honeybee population and to the rescue and relocation of Tulsa bee swarms. In 2019, EPA presented
its Greenovations Award to the beekeepers and the ODEQ for excellence in supporting safe, innovative and sustainable
cleanup and reuse.

Today, Shadow Mountain Honey Company and Ide's Gary Avenue Gold Honey continue to expand their operations
at the site. The site is now home to about 30 honeybee hives, all of which are swarms rescued from extermination.

Native grasses and clovers planted during site restoration create an ideal habitat for bees. Cleanup resulted in the
transformation of this once-contaminated smelter property into restored ecological habitat, one well suited to
supporting the protection of bees and the production of high-quality honey.

Figure 18. Left: Jay Ide collecting honey from hives on site during the Greenovations Award presentation. Right: Jay and Sheryl Ide with a honeycomb
at the site.

EPA REGION 6

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REDEVELOPMENT ON THE

HORIZON IN REGION 6

CONROE CREOSOTING

Transforming a Former Wood-Treating Facility
into a Home Improvement Distribution Center

The 147-acre Conroe Creosoting site is in Conroe, Texas, about 40 miles north of Flouston. From 1946 to 1997, a
wood-treating facility processed lumber, railroad crossties, poles and fence posts on site. These operations and waste
management practices contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater with phenols, naphthalene, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). EPA added the site to the NPL in 2003.

To protect public health, EPA removed contaminated soil and sediment and placed the material in a special containment
vault. Land use restrictions prohibit residential land uses. EPA also put in monitoring wells and continues to monitor the
naturally attenuating groundwater contamination plume. In 2008, EPA issued a Ready for Reuse Determination indicating
that the site is ready to support commercial and industrial land uses.

East Davis Development acquired the site property in 2011 and made infrastructure improvements to prepare the area
for use as an industrial park. Pre-existing railroad infrastructure - with nearby access to the BNSF and Union Pacific
railways - offers significant transportation and capacity benefits for prospective companies. In 2020, EPA and Conroe
Logistics Center, LLC entered into a Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser Doing Work Agreement for the company's purchase
of 42 acres of the site from East Davis Development. The company is building a distribution center on site for a national
home improvement company. The $51 million facility is under construction. It will provide jobs, income, tax revenue and
services for the surrounding community. About 100 acres of railroad-accessible land remain available for development at
the industrial park.

Figure 19, Left: After Conroe Logistics Center, LLC's property acquisition, land remains available in East Davis Development's industrial park. Right:
Sign advertising available space for industrial development at the site.

EPA REGION 6

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SOUTH VALLEY

Transforming a Former Jet Engine Plant nto
Essential Infrastructure and Businesses

The South Valley site covers about a square mile of land in an industrial area in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Univar USA
has operated an industrial chemical distribution facility on part of the site since 1965, generating $12 million in annual
revenue. A U.S. Air Force plant made jet engine components on the other part of the site beginning in the 1950s. EPA
added the site to the NPL in 1983. General Electric Aviation (GEA) took ownership in 1985 and demolished the plant in
2011.

Operations on both parts of the site contaminated soil and groundwater with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Univar
began treating its groundwater contamination plume in the 1990s. The cleanup is ongoing. GEA removed and treated
contaminated soil and concrete beginning in 1992. It continues to treat and monitor groundwater. In 2019, EPA and
the New Mexico Environment Department determined that three of the six site areas, known as operable units, had
achieved construction completion status. EPA took those operable units off the NPL in 2019.

When GEA demolished the jet engine component plant in 2011, the company committed to recycling or reusing all
usable building materials. This "green demolition" kept nearly 20,000 tons of building and related materials out of
local landfills and reduced demolition costs. The effort also supported 75 jobs and made the property available for
redevelopment.

In 2019, EPA issued two comfort letters to prospective developers planning to transform the former GEA plant area
into a disinfectant manufacturing facility and a heavy equipment repair business. Bernalillo County also plans to build a
connector road between Interstate 25 and Albuquerque International Airport across the site. The county anticipates that
the infrastructure project will ease traffic congestion and attract new businesses to the area.

Figure 20. Top: Concrete
pads at the GE South
Plant 83 area of the site.
Bottom: Aerial view of
the Univar USA facility at
the site. Imagery © 2021
Google.

EPA REGION 6

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CONCLUSIONS

EPA works closely with its partners at Superfund
sites across Region 6 to make sure sites can be
reused safely or remain in continued use during
and following cleanup. EPA also works with
businesses and organizations at Superfund sites
throughout the cleanup process to make sure
they can remain open.

The businesses and organizations at these sites
provide jobs and income for communities and
generate local and state taxes. Cleanup and
redevelopment also help stabilize and boost
property values. There are 56 NPL sites and
seven non-NPL Superfund sites in Region 6 that
have either new uses in place or uses that have
remained in place since before cleanup. Future
uses are planned for many more Superfund sites

in Region 6. EPA remains committed to working with all stakeholders to support Superfund Redevelopment opportunities
in Region 6.

The redevelopment of Superfund sites takes time and is often a learning process for project partners. Ongoing
coordination among EPA, tribes, state agencies, local governments, communities, potentially responsible parties, site
owners, developers, and nearby residents and business owners is essential. EPA tools, including reuse assessments and
plans, comfort letters and partial deletions of sites from the NPL, often serve as the foundation for moving forward. At
some sites, parties may need to take more actions to make sure reuses are compatible with site remedies.

Across Region 6, Superfund sites are now home to major commercial and industrial facilities, mid-size developments and
small businesses providing services to surrounding communities. EPA is committed to working with all stakeholders to
support the restoration and renewal of these sites as long-term assets.

Figure 21. A wind turbine at the Pantex Plant (USDOE) site (Texas).

EPA Superfund Redevelopment Resources

EPA Region 6 Superfund Redevelopment Program Coordinator
Casey Luckett Snyder | 214-665-7393 | luckett.casev@epa.gov

Superfund Sites in Reuse: find more information about Superfund sites in reuse.

www.epa.gov/superfund-redevelopment/find-superfund-sites-reuse

Superfund Redevelopment Program Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse.

www.epa.gov/superfund-redevelopment

EPA Office of Site Remediation Enforcement Website: tools that address landowner liability concerns.

www.epa.gov/enforcement/landowner-liabilitv-protections

EPA REGION 6

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STATE RED
PROFILES

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—

ARKANSAS

REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Arkansas. Arkansas has five Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained
in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse
or continued use in Arkansas.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for seven businesses and organizations operating on four sites in reuse or continued use
in Arkansas.

Table 3. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Arkansas (2020)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesa

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$573,000

100

$6 million

In Continued Use

$12 million

$2 million

In Reuse and

in Continued Use

Totals

$13 million

130

$8 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

b While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This could be attributed to a
number of business conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data
available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for two Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Arkansas. These sites span 18
property parcels and 291 acres.

Table 4. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Arkansas0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(2 sites)

$2 million

$1 million

$3 million

$7,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2020 to 2021.

Did You Know?

Reuse planning efforts for the Vertac, Inc. site in Jacksonville,
Arkansas, led to remarkable reuse outcomes that support
various Jacksonville public services. Today, site uses include a
drive-through recycling center, office space and storage for the
city's Street Department, a fire department training facility,
a driver training pad, a recycling education park, a police
department shooting range and a public safety building. The
city's recycling center serves 10,000 residents.

Figure 22. Entrance to the drive-through recycling center at the
Vertac. Inc. site.

EPA REGION 6

-------
LOUISIANA
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Louisiana Louisiana has 11 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place
since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or
continued use in Louisiana.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 55 businesses and organizations operating on seven sites in reuse or continued use
in Louisiana.

Table 5. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Louisiana (2020)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesa

Total Annual

Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$41,000

$431,000

In Continued Use

$1 million

150

$18 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$57 million

618

$18 million

Totals

$58 million

781

$36 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for eight Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Louisiana. These sites span
599 property parcels and 365 acres.

Table 6. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Louisiana"

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(7 sites)

(8 sites)

$19 million

$97 million

$116 million

$2 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which was from 2020 to 2021 for
all data collected.

Did You Know?

Close collaboration among EPA, the Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality, the city of Slidell, Louisiana, and site
owners have transformed the Bayou Bonfouca site. Wood-
treating operations were active for over 100 years. The site is
now a recreational gem featuring Heritage Park and the Slidell
Municipal Marina. The city of Slidell uses part of the site for
public operations offices and other city services. Other parts of
the site, including the bayou, are set aside for aquatic habitat
conservation.

Figure 23. A walking path and stream at the Bayou Bonfouca site.

EPA REGION 6

-------
NEW MEXICO
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the New Mexico Environment Department to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in New Mexico. New Mexico has 10 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in
place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or
continued use in New Mexico.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 14 businesses and organizations operating on four sites in reuse or continued use in
New Mexico.

Table 7. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Mexico (2020)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesa

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

In Continued Use

$20 million

$3 million

In Reuse and

in Continued Use

Totals

$20 million

$3 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use. Two sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are

excluded from all other detailed site and business data presented above.
b While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower than estimated income. This could be attributed to a
number of business conditions and/or data reporting. In addition, annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data
available.

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for five Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in New Mexico. These sites span

26 property parcels and 287 acres.

Table 8. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in New Mexico°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(5 sites)

$5 million

$3 million

$8 million

$121,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which was from 2020 to 2021 for
all data collected.

Did You Know?

The 140-acre AT & SF (Clovis) site in Clovis, New Mexico, was an
area contaminated by stormwater and wastewater discharge
from a nearby railyard. Cleanup and remediation have resulted
in the restoration of native grasses, providing habitat for
migratory birds. The site also includes Santa Fe Lake and is
located over the Ogallala Aquifer, which is a source of drinking
water for the city of Clovis.

EPA REGION 6

Figure 24. Vegetation at the AT & SF (Clovis) site.

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OKLAHOMA
REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Oklahoma. Oklahoma has nine Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have
remained in place since before cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites
in reuse or continued use in Oklahoma.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 99 businesses and organizations operating on six sites in reuse or continued use in
Oklahoma.

Table 9. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Oklahoma (2020)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businesses°

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$17 million

$5 million

In Continued Use

$228,000

$84,000

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$340 million

1,559

$74 million

Totals

$357 million

1,651

$79 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use. One site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for three Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Oklahoma. These sites span

57 property parcels and 362 acres.

Table 10. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Oklahoma°

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(3 sites)

$3 million

$23 million

$26 million

$336,000

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which was from 2020 to 2021 for
all data collected.

Did You Know?

A waste oil reclamation facility contaminated the Fourth Street
Abandoned Refinery site. Today, four industrial and commercial
businesses operate on site and there is room for more
development. On-site businesses generate $3.7 million in annual
employment income for nearly 70 people. Annual sales are just
over $14.5 million.

Figure 25. Pipe yard for a pipe manufacturing facility at the Fourth
Street Abandoned Refinery site.

EPA REGION 6

-------
TEXAS

REDEVELOPMENT PROFILE

EPA partners with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Texas. Texas has 28 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before
cleanup. The sections below present economic data, property values and tax data for sites in reuse or continued use in
Texas.

Businesses and Jobs

EPA has collected economic data for 118 businesses and organizations operating on 14 sites in reuse or continued use in
Texas.

Table 11. Detailed Site and Business Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Texas (2020)

Sites

Sites with
Businesses

Businessesa

Total Annual
Salesb

Total
Employees

Total Annual
Employee
Income

In Reuse

$102 million

369

$24 million

In Continued Use

$165 million

699

$49 million

In Reuse and
in Continued Use

$79 million

941

$40 million

Totals

118

$346 million

2,009

$113 million

a Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use. Five sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are

Property Values and Property Tax Revenues

EPA has collected property value data for 15 Superfund sites in reuse or continued use in Texas. These sites span 2,423
property parcels and 4,251 acres.

Table 12. Property Value and Tax Information for Sites in Reuse and Continued Use in Texas0

Total Land Value

Total Improvement Value

Total Property Value

Total Annual Property Taxes

(15 sites)

(13 sites)

$162 million

$416 million

$578 million

$5 million

a The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which varied from 2018 to 2021.

The State Marine of Port Arthur Superfund site is an industrial
tract of land in Port Arthur, Texas. Municipal landfill and barge-
cleaning facilities operated on site. Since 2015, two marine
support service businesses have operated at the site, bringing
120 jobs to the area. Annual sales for the two businesses are
about $27 million. They generate almost $8 million in annua!
employment income.

Figure 26. Marine support services at the State Marine of Port
Arthur site include barge cleaning.

EPA REGION 6

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REUSE INFORMATION SOURCES

Summaries of sites in reuse or continued use in this profile are based on available EPA resources, including Superfund
Redevelopment Program case studies as well as other resources. Links to EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program case
studies and other resources are included below.

EPA Resources

Conroe Creosoting Company. 2018. Third Five-Year Review Report, https://semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/06/100010626.

Conroe Creosoting Company. 2020. Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser Administrative Settlement Agreement, https://
semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100021374.

Gulf State Utilities - North Ryan Street. 2015. Second Five-Year Review Report, https://semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/06/500020010.

McGaffey and Main Groundwater Plume. 2017. First Five-Year Review Report, https://semspub.epa.gov/src/
document/06/100003795.

South Valley. 2019. NPL Partial Deletion Narrative. https://semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/199593.

South Valley. 2020. Sixth Five-Year Review Report. https://semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/10002026Q.

Tar Creek (Ottawa County). 2019. EPA Releases Final Tar Creek Strategic Plan To Improve Cleanup Progress. https://www.
epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-releases-final-tar-creek-strategic-plan-improve-cleanup-progress.

Tar Creek (Ottawa County). 2019. Tar Creek Superfund Site Strategic Plan: Cleanup Progress & Plans For Future, https://
semspub.epa.gov/src/document/06/100017221.

Tar Creek (Ottawa County). 2020. Site Redevelopment Profile. https://semspub.epa.gov/src/document/HQ/100002539.

Tulsa Fuel & Manufacturing. 2019. EPA Celebrates 20 Years Of Superfund Redevelopment; Recognizes Restored Site
In Collinsville, Okla., For Reuse As Honeybee Habitat, https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-celebrates-20-vears-
superfund-redevelopment-recognizes-restored-site-collinsville.

Tulsa Fuel & Manufacturing. 2020. EPA Deletes Tulsa Fuel & Manufacturing Site From National Priorities List Of
Contaminated Sites, https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-deletes-tulsa-fuel-manufacturing-site-national-priorities-
list-contaminated-sites.

Other Resources

Entergy Lake Charles Power Station. Gulf States Utilities—North Ryan Street. Entergy Lake Charles Power Station: https://
www.entergy.com/brightfuturela/lakecharles/ and https://www.entergynewsroom.com/news/lake-charles-power-
station-achieves-commercial-operation.

EPA Acclaims Former Collinsville Zinc Smelting Site Repurposed As Honeybee Habitat, https://tulsaworld.com/
communities/owasso/news/epa-acclaims-former-collinsville-zinc-smelting-site-repurposed-as-honevbee-habitat/
article 3cb78aa2-4744-5618-a86b-96508bd90618.html.

Home Depot Eyes Conroe For New Distribution Center, https://www.houstonchronicle.com/neighborhood/moco/news/
article/Home-Depot-eves-Conroe-for-new-distribution-center-14829529.php.

Montgomery County Growing With A New Lowes And A New Home Depot. http://montgomervcountvpolicereporter.
com/montgomerv-coutnv-growing-with-a-new-lowes-and-a-new-home-depot.

EPA REGION 6

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Other Resources (continued)

Route 66 Miami Splash Pad. http://www.miamiokla.net/Facilities/Facility/Details/Route-66-Miami-Splash-Pad-51.

Sunport Boulevard Extension & Interchange Project, https://www.bernco.gov/public-works/blog/2021/04/16/sunport-
boulevard-extension-interchange-project/.

Tar Creek's 'Bird Dog' Property May Be The Future Site Of A Solar Farm: EPA States It's Perfect For Solar Power
Generation, https://www.koamnewsnow.com/tar-creeks-bird-dog-property-may-be-the-future-site-of-a-solar-farm.

Photos

Map of Opportunity Zones, https://opportunityzones.hud.gov/resources/map.

Tar Creek. Route 66 Miami Splash Pad. Image from http://www.miamiokla.net/Facilities/Facility/Details/Route-66-
Miami-Splash-Pad-51 used with permission of photographer Gary Crow.

Tex-Tin Corporation. Damage Assessment, Remediation and Restoration Program. 2020. https://darrp.noaa.gov/
hazardous-waste/tex-tin-corporation.

EPA REGION 6

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BUSINESS, JOBS, SALES AND
INCOME INFORMATION

Information on the number of employees and sales volume for on-site businesses comes from the Hoovers/Dun &
Bradstreet (D&B) (https://www.dnb.com) database. EPA also gathers information on businesses and corporations from
D&B. D&B maintains a database of over 330 million active and inactive businesses worldwide.

When Hoovers/D&B research was unable to identify employment and sales information for on-site businesses, EPA
used the Reference Solutions database, formerly known as ReferenceUSA (https://www.data-axle.com/what-we-do/
reference-solutions/). In cases where Reference Solutions did not include employment and sales information for on-
site businesses, EPA used the Manta database (https://www.manta.com). The databases include data reported by
businesses. Accordingly, some reported values might be underestimates or overestimates. In some instances, business
and employment information came from local newspaper articles and discussions with local officials and business
representatives. While sales values typically exceed estimated totals of annual income, sales can sometimes be lower
than estimated income. This can be attributed to a number of business conditions and/or data reporting.

EPA obtained wage and income information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Part of the U.S. Department
of Labor, the BLS is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring labor market activity, working conditions and
price changes in the economy. All BLS data meet high standards of accuracy, statistical quality and impartiality.

EPA used the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database to obtain average weekly wage data for site
businesses. Average weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) codes for each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses in site counties. If weekly
wage data were not available at the county level, EPA sought wage data by state or national level, respectively. In cases
where wage data were not available for the six-digit NAICS code, EPA used higher-level (less-detailed) NAICS codes to
obtain the wage data.

To estimate the annual income earned from jobs at site businesses, EPA multiplied the average weekly wage figure by the
number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of jobs (employees) for each business.

Business and employment data used for this profile were collected in 2020. Estimated annual employment income was
calculated using 2020 jobs data and BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2019 (the latest available wage
data at the time of this profile). Federal facility sites were included in calculations of total sites in reuse or continued use
only. Federal facility sites were excluded from all other calculations (i.e., number of sites with businesses, number of
businesses, total jobs, total income and total annual sales). All sales and income figures presented have been rounded for
ease of reading. Throughout this report, sales and annual employee income may not sum exactly to the totals presented
due to rounding.

PROPERTY VALUE AND TAX
INFORMATION

EPA collected on-site property values and property taxes included in this profile for a subset of Superfund sites by
comparing available site boundary information with available parcel boundary information and gathering information
for selected parcels from county assessor datasets. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property
value year and tax data year available in county assessor datasets, which typically varied from 2020 to 2021 where date
information was provided. Throughout this report, property and tax values may not sum exactly to the totals presented
due to rounding.

Back cover photos: Chevron Questa Mine (New Mexico), Highway 71/72 (Louisiana),
RSR Corporation (Texas), San Jacinto River Waste Pits (Texas), Bayou Verdine (Louisiana).

EPA REGION 6

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

Region 6

1201 Elm Street, Suite 500
Dallas, Texas 75270

August 2021

www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-region-6-south-central

Printed on recycled/recyclable paper with
minimum 30% post-consumer fiber.

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